Land Contamination: Technical Guidance on Special Sites: Acid Tar ...

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GLOSSARYSpecific <strong>Technical</strong> TermsAcidAcid TarAliphaticAlkaliAromatic compoundsAsphaltenesAugerBenzoleBioavailabilityBioventingBiodegradationBioremediationBTEXBTXCarbonisationChemfixCorrosiveA compound containing hydrogen (H), which on solution in water,produces an excess of hydrogen ions.Waste material produced as a by-product of certain petroleumrefining processes, characterised by high molecular weighthydrocarbons and high acidic content.Pertaining to a straight carbon chain hydrocarbon.A compound, usually a soluble hydroxide of a metal, such assodium hydroxide (NaOH), which on solution with waterproduces an excess of hydroxyl ions (OH - ).A type of hydrocarbon, such as benzene or toluene, with a specifictype of ring structure.High molecular weight tarry substances.A tool resembling a large corkscrew used for boring holes.Unrefined compound used as fuel.The degree to which chemicals present in the soil matrix may beabsorbed or metabolised by a human or ecological receptor.Remediation technique which combines the processes of soilventing and in situ bioremediation.The breakdown of a substance or chemical by living organisms,usually bacteria.The use of biological methods to restore contaminated land.Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes.Benzene, toluene and xylenes.Reduce to charcoal or coke.A technique by which contaminants may be encapsulated in thesoil using chemical solidification methods.A chemical agent that reacts with the surface of material causing itto deteriorate or wear out.R&D <strong>Technical</strong> Report P5-042/TR/04ii
CresolsCreosoteDCRDesorptionDesulphurisationDistillationDirect ContactEmulsionExothermicExtraction pitFluidised bed IncineratorFuller’s EarthHydrocarbonHydrogen sulphideHydrophobicIncinerationIPCIPPCLagoonColourless liquids or crystalline solids that occur in coal tar andcracked naptha. They are volatile in steam and are reduced totoluene by Zinc dust.A dark brown oil distilled from coal tar, used as a woodpreservative.Dispersing by Chemical Reaction.Chemical dissociation from the surface of a solid or liquid.Removal of sulphur.The act of purifying liquids through boiling, so that the steam orgaseous vapours condense to a pure liquid.Exposure to contaminants by touching with exposed skin.A fine dispersion of one liquid in another.Occurring or formed with the evolution of heat.An area used for the extraction of natural materials such as gravelsor sands.An incinerator that uses a bed of hot sand or other granularmaterial to transfer heat directly to waste.A clay consisting mainly of expanding smectites such asmontmorillonite used industrially for its absorptive properties.Chemical compounds that consist entirely of carbon and hydrogen.Gas emitted during organic decomposition. Also a by-product ofoil refining and burning. The gas smells of rotten eggs and in highconcentrations can kill or cause illness.Having a strong aversion to water.A treatment technology involving destruction of waste bycontrolled burning at high temperatures.Integrated Pollution ControlIntegrated Pollution Prevention ControlExcavated or natural depression in the ground surface, forming animpoundment into which liquid material is placed.R&D <strong>Technical</strong> Report P5-042/TR/04iii
Page 1 and 2: Land Conta
Page 3 and 4: CONTENTSFOREWORDiGLOSSARYii1. Intro
Page 5: FOREWORDPart IIA of the Environment
Page 9 and 10: PVCRCRASelosafeSodium saltsSodium h
Page 11 and 12: 1. INTRODUCTION1.1 BackgroundThis r
Page 13 and 14: SECTION 2: INDUSTRIAL PROCESS/FACIL
Page 15 and 16: 1.5 Linkages Between the Gu
Page 17 and 18: 2.1.2 Overview of acid tar lagoon s
Page 19 and 20: Overall CommentsAcid tars can be of
Page 21 and 22: White Oil• Acid tar lagoons from
Page 23 and 24: Box 2.5 Scenario: Acid tar disposal
Page 25 and 26: 3. CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL CHARACTERI
Page 27 and 28: Table 3.1 - General Physical Charac
Page 29 and 30: The chemicals listed in Table B.1,
Page 31 and 32: 4.2.3 Common mistakesIt is possible
Page 33 and 34: Geophysical methods, such as resist
Page 35 and 36: Investigation locations will need t
Page 37 and 38: • gas chromatography by simulatin
Page 39 and 40: 5.2.2 Water environmentThere is lit
Page 41 and 42: 5.3 Assessment of Investigation Dat
Page 43 and 44: 6. REMEDIATION ASPECTSKEY QUESTIONS
Page 45 and 46: 6.2.5 Solidification and stabilisat
Page 47 and 48: Box 6.1 Example of Remediation of A
Page 49 and 50: 6.3 Natural AttenuationNatural atte
Page 51 and 52: Table 6.1 - Remedial Options/Techni
Page 53 and 54: Table 6.2 - Remedial Options/Techni
Page 55 and 56: 6.4 ValidationThe principles of val
Page 57 and 58:
• all personnel should follow a d
Page 59 and 60:
Verschueren (1983) Handbook of Envi
Page 61 and 62:
USEPA. Innovative Site Remediation
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