Land Contamination: Technical Guidance on Special Sites: Acid Tar ...

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Table 3.2 - Illustrative Acid Tar Composition (all % wt)Benzole refiningSulphuric acidSulphonic acidsWaterBenzoleInsoluble matter333730
The chemicals listed in Table B.1, can be grouped into several categories, as follows:• aliphatic hydrocarbons;• aromatic hydrocarbons;• phenols;• metals;• organic acids;• sulphonated hydrocarbons; and• gases such as hydrogen sulphide, sulphur dioxide and methane.However, the chemicals tend to form a dense mixture in which pure compound physicochemicalproperties do not apply (due to matrix effects).The identity of non-tar related chemicals can vary greatly, although polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) are a common additional contaminant (presumably co-disposal of oily wastes).Where the acid tar disposal area was located at the source of production, the other materialsmay be expected to be process or plant-related (other oils, demolition wastes, etc.). However,a wider range of wastes may be found where tars were disposed of at general tips. These maybenefit the containment of the acid tars by providing a degree of retardation of solublecomponents due to absorption processes.3.4 Breakdown ProductsSome breakdown by natural biodegradation will occur and can result in production, amongother compounds, of hydrogen sulphide, sulphur dioxide and methane. Generally, rates ofbiodegradation within the main disposal area will be limited by toxic effects on bacteria (fromhigh concentrations of contaminants and low pH). However, at the edges, more microbialaction is likely. Although weathering is likely to release sulphur dioxide and reduce aciditysomewhat (release of sulphur dioxide (as “puffs”) is an issue for remediation), there appearsto have been little study of other breakdown products. However the higher molecular weightpolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are likely to be relatively resistant to degradation.3.5 Mobile CompoundsThe chemicals liable to migration in or associated with groundwater are principally those inthe aqueous phase (phenols and derivatives, dissolved sulphuric acid, BTEX compounds,organic acids) and free oils. The high molecular weight asphaltenes (tarry substances) have alow solubility and remain relatively immobile. High acidity levels surrounding the lagoonswill also tend to mobilise metals such as iron from naturally occurring mineral deposits.R&D <strong>Technical</strong> Report P5-042/TR/04 19
Page 1 and 2: Land Conta
Page 3 and 4: CONTENTSFOREWORDiGLOSSARYii1. Intro
Page 5 and 6: FOREWORDPart IIA of the Environment
Page 7 and 8: CresolsCreosoteDCRDesorptionDesulph
Page 9 and 10: PVCRCRASelosafeSodium saltsSodium h
Page 11 and 12: 1. INTRODUCTION1.1 BackgroundThis r
Page 13 and 14: SECTION 2: INDUSTRIAL PROCESS/FACIL
Page 15 and 16: 1.5 Linkages Between the Gu
Page 17 and 18: 2.1.2 Overview of acid tar lagoon s
Page 19 and 20: Overall CommentsAcid tars can be of
Page 21 and 22: White Oil• Acid tar lagoons from
Page 23 and 24: Box 2.5 Scenario: Acid tar disposal
Page 25 and 26: 3. CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL CHARACTERI
Page 27: Table 3.1 - General Physical Charac
Page 31 and 32: 4.2.3 Common mistakesIt is possible
Page 33 and 34: Geophysical methods, such as resist
Page 35 and 36: Investigation locations will need t
Page 37 and 38: • gas chromatography by simulatin
Page 39 and 40: 5.2.2 Water environmentThere is lit
Page 41 and 42: 5.3 Assessment of Investigation Dat
Page 43 and 44: 6. REMEDIATION ASPECTSKEY QUESTIONS
Page 45 and 46: 6.2.5 Solidification and stabilisat
Page 47 and 48: Box 6.1 Example of Remediation of A
Page 49 and 50: 6.3 Natural AttenuationNatural atte
Page 51 and 52: Table 6.1 - Remedial Options/Techni
Page 53 and 54: Table 6.2 - Remedial Options/Techni
Page 55 and 56: 6.4 ValidationThe principles of val
Page 57 and 58: • all personnel should follow a d
Page 59 and 60: Verschueren (1983) Handbook of Envi
Page 61 and 62: USEPA. Innovative Site Remediation

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