Land Contamination: Technical Guidance on Special Sites: Acid Tar ...

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contaminated land to be designated as a Special Site, if it meets one of a number of categoriesof land prescribed in the Contaminated <strong>Land</strong> (England) Regulations 2000. In cases where aLocal Authority believes that land, if found to be contaminated land, would subsequently be aSpecial Site, it will normally ask the Environment Agency to carry out a site inspection on itsbehalf, prior to determination of that land as contaminated land. However, the responsibilityfor formal determination of any land as contaminated land remains with the Local Authorityin all cases.Once land has been determined to be contaminated land, and where the Environment Agencyand Local Authority agree (or the Secretary of State decides) that the land is also a SpecialSite, the Environment Agency will take over the role of enforcing authority from the LocalAuthority. Remediation of the site may include further investigation and assessment(assessment action), action to remedy the unacceptable risks identified (remedial treatmentaction) or monitoring (monitoring action). The Agency is responsible for maintaining apublic register of regulatory action for Special Sites.1.3 How to Use this <strong>Technical</strong> <strong>Guidance</strong>This series of reports on Special Sites is primarily intended to provide Environment AgencyOfficers with the specialist technical information required when dealing with Special Sitesunder Part IIA (EPA 1990). Thus, every effort has been made to minimise the overlap withother guidance on generic aspects of contaminated land identification, assessment andmanagement. In practice, it is likely that the reports will also prove useful to Local Authorityofficers, and others, when dealing with these types of sites.The reports focus on the categories of land identified by Regulation 2 of the Contaminated<strong>Land</strong> (England) Regulations 2000. Separate guidance has been developed for those sites thatare Special Sites by virtue of the seriousness of pollution of controlled waters (defined byRegulation 3 of the Contaminated <strong>Land</strong> (England) Regulations 2000).The information contained in each report is arranged and presented so that it can easily bedrawn upon when using other relevant guidance such as the Part IIA EPA 1990 processdocumentation. It begins with background information on, for example, the industrial processand facility description; further sections describe key issues that should be considered duringthe characterisation, evaluation, remediation and validation stages for each category ofSpecial Site. References and a bibliography are also provided, together with a glossary ofterms (both general contaminated land industry terms and also those specific to the individualtechnical field).The format adopted in the report aims to assist the reader in the practical use of the technicalinformation it contains by the inclusion of, where appropriate, selected checklists, diagrams,photographs, case studies and the highlighting of key technical information. In addition, atthe start of each of the sections, a list of the key questions is included that highlight the issuescovered by the section. The key issues that are addressed in the various sections of this reportare as follows.R&D <strong>Technical</strong> Report P5-042/TR/04 2
SECTION 2: INDUSTRIAL PROCESS/FACILITY DESCRIPTION1. What is acid tar?2. What are the main features of acid tar disposal sites?3. How were acid tars managed?4. What are the processes that produce acid tars and how do the acid tars differ?5. What quantities of acid tars may be expected to be associated with each refining process?SECTION 3: PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OFCONTAMINANTS1. What are the chemical and physical characteristics of acid tars?2. What classes of chemicals are found?3. What typical concentrations of these chemicals could be expected?4. What specific contaminants are found?5. How do the main contaminants behave in the environment?SECTION 4: SITE CHARACTERISATION1. Which information sources should be used for the desk study?2. How should the investigation be approached?3. What are the main differences from a conventional contaminated land investigation?4. Are special sampling and sample handling procedures required?5. What should be analysed for and when?SECTION 5: SITE EVALUATION1. What are the primary pollutant linkages that should be assessed?2. Which pollutant linkages are likely to be the most significant?3. When is it appropriate/inappropriate to apply conventional risk assessment methods to thiscategory of Special Sites?R&D <strong>Technical</strong> Report P5-042/TR/04 3
Page 1 and 2: Land Conta
Page 3 and 4: CONTENTSFOREWORDiGLOSSARYii1. Intro
Page 5 and 6: FOREWORDPart IIA of the Environment
Page 7 and 8: CresolsCreosoteDCRDesorptionDesulph
Page 9 and 10: PVCRCRASelosafeSodium saltsSodium h
Page 11: 1. INTRODUCTION1.1 BackgroundThis r
Page 15 and 16: 1.5 Linkages Between the Gu
Page 17 and 18: 2.1.2 Overview of acid tar lagoon s
Page 19 and 20: Overall CommentsAcid tars can be of
Page 21 and 22: White Oil• Acid tar lagoons from
Page 23 and 24: Box 2.5 Scenario: Acid tar disposal
Page 25 and 26: 3. CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL CHARACTERI
Page 27 and 28: Table 3.1 - General Physical Charac
Page 29 and 30: The chemicals listed in Table B.1,
Page 31 and 32: 4.2.3 Common mistakesIt is possible
Page 33 and 34: Geophysical methods, such as resist
Page 35 and 36: Investigation locations will need t
Page 37 and 38: • gas chromatography by simulatin
Page 39 and 40: 5.2.2 Water environmentThere is lit
Page 41 and 42: 5.3 Assessment of Investigation Dat
Page 43 and 44: 6. REMEDIATION ASPECTSKEY QUESTIONS
Page 45 and 46: 6.2.5 Solidification and stabilisat
Page 47 and 48: Box 6.1 Example of Remediation of A
Page 49 and 50: 6.3 Natural AttenuationNatural atte
Page 51 and 52: Table 6.1 - Remedial Options/Techni
Page 53 and 54: Table 6.2 - Remedial Options/Techni
Page 55 and 56: 6.4 ValidationThe principles of val
Page 57 and 58: • all personnel should follow a d
Page 59 and 60: Verschueren (1983) Handbook of Envi
Page 61 and 62: USEPA. Innovative Site Remediation

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