Types of Logical Reasoning Questions Identifying the ... - Ivy Global

The answer will not attack the evidence, but will point to the logic employed: how isthe evidence incorrectly connected to the conclusion.With formal logic, the flaw is easier to identifyWith informal logic, try to think of a situation where the conclusion does notapply.Common flaws.Also, if the evidence is uncertain and limited in scope but the conclusion isdecisive and wide in scope, eyebrows should be raised.The test is: Does this answer stop the conclusion from being properly drawn?Identify the Conclusiono In the Stimulus...A full argument will usually be provided.o Identifying the Correct Answer...All of the evidence will point toward the conclusion.Conclusions are the point that the author is arguing for; For example, a principlecould function as both evidence or a conclusion.5) Identify required assumptionso In the Stimulus...A full argument will be provided.There are two 2 types of this kind of question:1) Fill in the blanks:The conclusion will fail to link the evidence to the conclusion.Often a mechanism will be given, but not all of the parts will be mentionedby the conclusionEg) 60/1/72) What if...: The conclusion will not be outright incorrect, but incomplete. TheConclusion will often be wider in scope, or more decisive than theevidence would allow. Eliminating Alternatives: It helps to find a situation where theconclusion may not apply. The conclusion therefore cannot bedrawn conclusively unless an assumption which covers thatsituation is made. Very often has to do with eliminating confounding or interveningvariablesEg) 60/3//3o The ‘Negation Technique ’of answer will help eliminate the answer choice since theassumption is REQUIRED for the conclusion to be drawn conclusively.8) Parallel Reasoning In the Stimulus...A conclusion and evidence will be given; often the reasoning will be stated explicit\ Identifying the Correct Answer...Tips:1. Valid/Invalid – if the stimulus conclusion is valid (no flaws), then anyanswers which with invalid conclusions can be eliminated2. Parallel Scope– if the stimulus conclusion is a general principle, theanswer’s conclusion will also be a general principle; if the stimulus

evidence is an example, the answer’s evidence will also be an example9) Disagree Over In the Stimulus...i. Two conclusions will be given (recall conclusions can be recommendations,explanations, etc.) are given by two speakers. Identifying the Correct Answer...i. Identify the two conclusions. These conclusions will take opposing sides to thesome issue.ii. That issue will therefore be addressed by both conclusions