Smart Complex Inorganic Pigments - Quartz Presentations Online

Thermo Control – 

Smart Complex Inorganic Pigments 

Dr. Wolfgang Wald 

APCS Jakarta 2010

HEUCODUR ® IR - The Challenge 

Global warming is no 

longer a fiction, it’s 

becoming reality... 

Smart Complex Inorganic Pigments June 2010 

Slide 2 / 49


� Urban Heat Islands occur where many buildings and paved surfaces in 

close proximity are coated with dark materials that absorb heat from the 

sun. 

� Research indicates that this can cause cities to become 2° to 5°C warmer 

than the surrounding countryside 


Slide 3 / 49


Solar terrestial emission spectrum 

Rel. Intensity 

1,00 

0,80 

0,60 

0,40 

0,20 

0,00 

250 

500 


750 

1000 

50% of total solar emission 

UV Near Infrared Radiation 

1250 

1500 

1750 

2000 

2250 

2500 

Wavelength [nm] 

Slide 4 / 49

NIR-radiation 

Basic effects that take place when NIR-radiation interacts 

with a pigmented surface 

NIR-radiation 

absorption 


reflection emitted heat 

Interior 

heat-flow 

Slide 5 / 49



The surface temperature is determined 

by a balance of energy gains and losses. 

� On a sunny day a black roof or a black 

car surface may reach a temperature of 

78 o C 

� A white highly reflective surface could 

be less than 43 o C 

Slide 6 / 49

HEUCODUR ® IR - The Principle 

The pigment characteristic 

Heat build-up of different pigments in an alkyd/melamine stoving 

enamel. 

Temperature [°C] 

70,0 

60,0 

50,0 

40,0 

30,0 

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 

Time [min] 

Different pigments behave differently! 


Carbon Black 

Pigment Black 30 

Pigment Green 17 

Titanium dioxide 

Slide 7 / 49

HEUCODUR ® IR - The Principle 

The effect of a NIR-reflecting pigmentation can be visualized by 

a thermo imaging camera (coil coating): 

Black 30 

TSR 10% 

HEUCODUR ® HEUCODUR IR pigments 

® IR pigments 

Carbon Black 

TSR 5% 

increasing surface temperature 


Black 17 

TSR 22% 

Carbon Black 

TSR 5% 

Slide 8 / 49

NIR-reflective pigments 

How to measure the reflectance and what is TSR? 

TSR means Total Solar Reflectance. TSR is the total amount of solar 

energy that is immediately rejected by the surface material (e.g. coating). 

This term is a key figure to describe the heat build-up of surfaces. 

A high TSR indicates efficient reflection – a low TSR value indicates a 

strong tendency to absorb NIR light and hence a significant heat build-up! 

What properties of the paint influence the TSR? 


Slide 9 / 49


Reflectance 


Different pigments exhibit different, specific electromagnetic reflection 

profiles: 

1.0 

0.8 

0.5 

0.3 

0.0 


Rutile Yellow 

Spinel Black 

300 500 700 900 1100 1300 1500 1700 1900 2100 2300 2500 


UV Visible NIR 


Alkyd/melamine stoving enamel 

Carbon Black 

Slide 10 / 49


The polymeric matrix 

Effect of different polymeric matrices on the reflectance of systems 

pigmented with Pigment Brown 35 

Coil coating 

(PES/melamine 

p/b=0,6) 


Slide 11 / 49

NIR-reflective pigments - improved sustainability 

Effect of pigment content on the solar reflectivity 


Slide 12 / 49


Effect of the dry film thickness 

TSR-value of the NIR-reflective P.Br.35 as a function of the dry film thickness 

at a constant pigment-to-binder ration of 0,45 measured over a black substrate 


Slide 13 / 49


Care needs to be taken, when comparing TSR values! 

The following aspects need to be considered: 

� Only TSR values of pigments with similar coloristic properties 

� can be compared 

� The pigments should be compared in the same polymeric system 

� If the coating is not opaque in the NIR also the substrates (or primer) 

� should be equal 


Slide 14 / 49


Comparison of TSR Value Powder to Resin 

Co blue and green TSR 

Pigment Powder 

pressed 


TSR 

Alkyd Melamine 

resin 

PBL 28 HDIR 550 51% 34% 

PBL 28 HDIR 5-100 41% 24% 

PBL 28 HDIR 2R 47% 27% 

PBl36 HDIR 4G 43% 24% 

PBL 36 HDIR 559 29% 19% 

PG 50 HDIR 5G 33% 23% 

Slide 15 / 49


Further comparison Powder to Resin 

Inorganic black TSR 

Pigment Powder 

pressed 


TSR 

Alkyd Melamine 

resin 

PG 17 HDIR 910 26% 21% 

PBr 35 HDIR 920 29% 22% 

PBr 35 HDIR 940 31% 24% 

PBlk 30 HDIR 950 14% 10% 

PBr 29 HDIR 869 29% 22% 

Slide 16 / 49

HEUCODUR ® IR - The Solution 

Product Portfolio 

Heubach C.I. Chemistry TSR in % 

Heucodur IR Black 950 PBk 30 Chrome Iron Nickel Black 10 

Heucodur IR Black 940 PBr 35 Iron Chromite Spinel 24 

Heucodur IR Black 920 PBr 35 Iron Chromite Spinel 22 

Heucodur IR Black 910 PG 17 Chromium Green-Black 21 

Heucodur IR Brown 869 PBr 29 Iron Chromite Brown 22 

Heucodur IR Blue 5-100 PBl 36 Cobalt Chromite Blue 24 

Heucodur IR Blue 559 PBl 36 Cobalt Chromite Blue 19 

Heucodur IR Blue 4G PBl 36 Cobalt Chromite Blue 24 

Heucodur IR Blue 550 PBl 28 Cobalt Aluminate Blue 34 

Heucodur IR Blue 2R PBl 28 Cobalt Aluminate Blue 27 

Heucodur IR Green 5G PG 50 Cobalt Titanate Green 23 

Heucodur IR Yellow 3R PBr 24 Chrome Antimony Titanium Yellow 58 

Heucodur IR Yellow 256 PBr 24 Chrome Antimony Titanium Yellow 55 

Heucodur IR Yellow 259 PBr 24 Chrome Antimony Titanium Yellow 54 

Heucodur PLUS IR Yellow 150 PY 53 Nickel Antimony Titanium Yellow 64 

Heucodur IR Yellow 152 PY 53 Nickel Antimony Titanium Yellow 63 

Heucodur IR Yellow 156 PY 53 Nickel Antimony Titanium Yellow 61 


Alkyd/melamine stoving enamel 

Slide 17 / 49

NIR-reflective pigments Roof Coating 

Application of 

IR Reflecting Pigments 

In Roof Coating 


Slide 18 / 49



Did you know white-painted metal roofing 

has the highest solar reflectance value of 

any roofing product available and can 

save you up to 40% of your annual 

energy bills? 

Slide 19 / 49


An Energy Star ® compliant roof must meet 

Total Solar Reflectance units: 

High Slope : 25% initial 15% after 3 yrs. 

Low Slope : 65% initial 50% after 3 yrs. 

ENERGY STAR qualified roof products can help reduce 

the amount of air conditioning needed in buildings, 

and can reduce peak cooling demand by 10–15 

percent. 


Slide 20 / 49


Temperature difference in Celsius between roof and air 

Temperature difference (roof-air) 

C 

o 

60 

50 

40 

30 

20 

10 

0 

with different coating materials 

Black Paint 

Green asphalt 

shingle 

white asphalt 

shingle 

5 18 23 54 76 85 

Solar reflectivity (%) 


Red paint (FeO) 

White cement 

White Paint (TiO2) 

Slide 21 / 49


TSR Values of HEUCODUR ® IR Pigments, 

Coil Coating 

Temperature on the steel roof 

°C 

70 

60 

50 

40 

30 

0 

Carbon 

Black 

5% 

HD IR 

Black 

22-24% 

HD IR 

CoGreen 

20-23% 


HD IR 

CoBlue 

27-34% 

HD IR 

CrTi 

54-58% HD IR 

NiTi 

61-64% 

TiO2 

85% 

Slide 22 / 49

NIR-reflective pigments Wood Coating 



In Wood Coating 


Slide 23 / 49


The classical pigmentation of sustainable wood coatings is targeting to: 

• achieve light- and UV-protection 

• act as a barrier material to suppress moisture diffusion 

But what about heat and changing surface temperatures? 


Slide 24 / 49


The main temperature or heat induced effects on the sustainability of 

high-performance wood coatings are: 

(1) discoloration effects 

(2) loss of adhesion 

(3) generation of paint defects like blistering, wrinkling, cracking 

(4) thermally induced degradation effects of the binder 

(5) temperature correlated cyclical shrinking and drying of the wooden 

material causes warping, cupping and splintering of the wooden substrate 

(6) Accumulation of moisture as a result of temperature cycling 


Slide 25 / 49


Temperature correlated effects on the 

sustainability of wood coatings 


Slide 26 / 49


Typical maximum surface temperatures of opaque and translucent wood coatings 

dependent upon color shade 

opaque 

translucent 


Slide 27 / 49


Effect of the maximum surface temperature on color and film properties 

of coated wood panels 

NIR-reflective pigmentation conventional pigmentation 

T max= 60°C T max= 80°C 

Discoloration after 

7h of exposure: DE = 0,5 DE = 2,2 


Massive cratering, blisters 

Slide 28 / 49


Effect of cyclical weathering of coated spruce panels under controlled 

humidity and temperature conditions 

4 Cycles: 48h conditioning at 50% RH and room temperature – 6h under artificial IR-light 

– 48h conditioning at 50% RH and room temperature 

NIR-reflective pigmentation conventional pigmentation 


Massive delamination 

and blistering 

DE = 0,2 DE = 1,7 

Slide 29 / 49


temperature 

low temperature 

gradient 

night day night 

NIR-reflective conventional 

low moisture 

migration 


temperature 

high temperature 

gradient 

night day night 

high moisture 

migration 

Slide 30 / 49

NIR-reflective pigments Automotive Coating 



in Automotive Coating 


Slide 31 / 49


Air conditioning of cars can significantly increase fuel consumption: 

Depending upon driving cycle, type of car and sun irradiation the average 

fuel consumption could increase up to 30%! 

The maximum effect is found in urban traffic. 


Slide 32 / 49


Typical contribution of solar radiation uptake by car windows 

compared to car body parts 

Solar terrestrial 

radiation 

~ 77% 

~ 23% 


Car body 

Slide 33 / 49

Temperature [°C] 

75.0 

70.0 

65.0 

60.0 

55.0 

50.0 

45.0 

40.0 

35.0 


Comparison of Heatbuilt up curves on steel plates 

pigmented with Carbon black or HEUCODUR IR 

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 

Radiation Time [Min.] 


C black äquiv. 1:3 



HD IR 950 / 1:3 

HD IR 950 / 1:10 

HD IR 950 / 1:50 

Carbon Black 

HD IR black 

Slide 34 / 49 

15 o C


Reflectance 

1,000 

0,900 

0,800 

0,700 

0,600 

0,500 

0,400 

0,300 

0,200 

0,100 

0,000 

250 450 650 850 1050 1250 1450 1650 1850 2050 2250 2450 


HD 940/1:10 HD 940/1:100 carbon black/1:50 carbon black/1:100 


Slide 35 / 49


Dark grey Light grey 

commercial 

Non-NIR 

DFT = 40-50 µm 

NIR commercial 

Non-NIR 

NIR-primer pigmentation is based upon Heucodur ® IR-pigments: HD IR 920, 5G, 5-100 


NIR 

Slide 36 / 49


metal substrate 

wash primer 

primer surface 

basecoat 

clearcoat 

primer red basecoat blue basecoat 

white 

Non-NIR light grey 

Non-NIR dark grey 

NIR light grey 

NIR dark grey 

TSR [%] 35 20 30 12 10 18 15 

max temperature [°C] 50.0 56.6 51.3 59.6 61.6 52.3 52.8 


Slide 37 / 49


Heat build-up curves of different automotive primer based 

upon non-NIR and NIR pigmentations 

temperature [°C] 

65,0 

60,0 

55,0 

50,0 

45,0 

40,0 

35,0 

30,0 

25,0 

non-NIR primer dark grey 

non-NIR primer light grey 

NIR primer dark grey 

NIR primer light grey 

primer white 

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 

time of exposure [min.] 


Slide 38 / 49


Ways to reduce pigment consumption and 

get brilliant Yellow, Orange and Red 

colours 


Slide 39 / 49


Structure of TICO ® hybrid pigments 


Organic pigment particle 

Inorganic pigment 

particle 

Slide 40 / 49

New pigments 

The TICO ® concept 

These hybrid pigments combine the high brilliance of the organic part with the 

opacity, durability and dispersibility of the inorganic core 


Slide 41 / 49

New pigments 

Organic content: 

Inorganic content: 

TICO ® TICO O 635 

® O 635 conventional pigmentation 

30% 

70% 


93.5% 

6.5% 

P.Y. 110 87.5% 

P.O. 73 6.0% 

P.R. 101 1.5% 

P.W. 6 5.0% 

Slide 42 / 49

Chroma development of a modern hybrid pigment compared to 

a conventional dry-blend of titanium dioxide with an organic pigment 

chroma C* 

New pigments 

100 

90 

80 

70 

60 

50 

Based upon TICO ® Y 594 

复合颜料 

Hybrid Hybrid pigment 

pigment 

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38% 38% 

68% 

68% 

0 20 40 60 80 100 % 

100 80 60 40 20 0 % 


TiO TiO 2 + 

2 + P.Y. 151 

2 + P.Y. 151 

151 

P.Y. 151 

TiO 2 / 

inorganic core 

Slide 43 / 49

el. reflection New pigments 


Different pigments exhibit different, specific electromagnetic reflection profiles: 

1,00 

0,75 

0,50 

0,25 

0,00 


TICO ® TICO hybrid pigment 

® hybrid pigment 


Carbon black 

Inorganic core particle 

400 650 900 1150 1400 1650 1900 2150 2400 

wavelength [nm] 

Slide 44 / 49

New pigments 

Some available TICO ® pigments 


Slide 45 / 49

New pigments 

Florida weathering of HEUCODUR ® IR-pigments 

2 pac polyurethane solvent-borne 


Slide 46 / 49

Conclusion: NIR-reflecting coatings 

NIR-reflecting CICPs – Complex Inorganic Colored and 

TICO ® Pigments 

offer a wide range of color shades from yellow to black! 

They show an outstanding performance profile: 

� high TSR values - for optimum NIR-reflection and minimal 

temperature gradients 

� highest outdoor durability - superior weather- and lightfastness 

� excellent cost efficiency - opacity, dispersibility 


Slide 47 / 49

Thank you very much for 

your attention! 


Slide 48 / 49

eflection 

100 

75 

50 

25 

0 


Reflectivity as a function of pigmentation 

Metal panels coated with different NIR- and non-NIR primer systems 

and different basecoats 

T max = 56°C 

white primer 

non-NIR NIR light light grey grey 

"NIR non-light NIR grey" light grey 

T max = 51°C 

780 1030 1280 1530 1780 2030 2280 


red basecoat solid color 

T max = 50°C 


reflection 

100 

75 

50 

25 

0 

non-NIR light grey 


non-NIR dark grey 


T max = 53°C 

T max = 62°C 

T max = 52°C 

T max = 59°C 

780 1030 1280 1530 1780 2030 2280 


blue basecoat solid color 

Slide 49 / 49

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