catch composition for main marine shrimp species in bangladesh
catch composition for main marine shrimp species in bangladesh
catch composition for main marine shrimp species in bangladesh
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BANGLADESH RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS JOURNALISSN: 1998-2003, Volume: 7, Issue: 2, Page: 91-98, July – August, 2012CATCH COMPOSITION FOR MAIN MARINE SHRIMP SPECIES INBANGLADESHM. S. Udd<strong>in</strong> 1 , E. Karim 2 *, S. J. Hasan 3 , S. Barua 4 and N. M. Humayun 5M. S. Udd<strong>in</strong>, E. Karim, S. J. Hasan, S. Barua and N. M. Humayun (2012). Catch Composition <strong>for</strong> Ma<strong>in</strong>Mar<strong>in</strong>e Shrimp Species <strong>in</strong> Bangladesh. Bangladesh Res. Pub. J. 7(2): 91-98. Retrieve fromhttp://www.bdresearchpublications.com/adm<strong>in</strong>/journal/upload/09319/09319.pdfAbstractYearly total <strong>catch</strong> and trends of <strong>catch</strong> <strong>composition</strong> <strong>for</strong> major <strong>mar<strong>in</strong>e</strong><strong>shrimp</strong> <strong>species</strong> were evaluated from the land<strong>in</strong>g data by the commercial<strong>shrimp</strong> trawlers fish<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> the four major fish<strong>in</strong>g grounds with<strong>in</strong> the exclusiveeconomic zone (EEZ) of Bangladesh. Data set were collected from theland<strong>in</strong>gs <strong>for</strong> the year of 1986-87 to 2010-11 and were calculated total<strong>catch</strong>, <strong>catch</strong> per unit ef<strong>for</strong>t (CPUE), and percent and tendency of <strong>catch</strong><strong>composition</strong> and amount of f<strong>in</strong>fish as by<strong>catch</strong> accord<strong>in</strong>gly. Total numbersof <strong>shrimp</strong> trawler engaged <strong>in</strong> <strong>shrimp</strong> <strong>catch</strong> and f<strong>in</strong>fish as by<strong>catch</strong> werevaried from 31 to 48 and also fish<strong>in</strong>g days fluctuate from 4581 to 7866. Thetotal <strong>shrimp</strong> <strong>catch</strong> fluctuate from 2138 to 4830 MT <strong>for</strong> the year of 2006-07and 1988-89, respectively and f<strong>in</strong>fish by<strong>catch</strong> fluctuate from 1836 to 6157MT. The contribution of brown <strong>shrimp</strong> was highest <strong>for</strong> entire time period andvaries from 53-72% of the total <strong>catch</strong>. On the other hand white <strong>shrimp</strong>contributes lowest portion (1-13%) of the total <strong>catch</strong>. The CPUE <strong>for</strong> tiger<strong>shrimp</strong>, brown <strong>shrimp</strong> and Indian white <strong>shrimp</strong> were varied from 23-89, 191-465 and 7-65 kg d-1, respectively. The highest CPUE with 465 kg d-1 (65.4%of the total <strong>catch</strong>) was observed <strong>in</strong> the year of 1990-91 by the contributionof the brown <strong>shrimp</strong>. The percent contribution of tiger <strong>shrimp</strong> wasdecreased slowly but <strong>in</strong>creased <strong>in</strong> case of brown <strong>shrimp</strong> and <strong>for</strong> Indianwhite <strong>shrimp</strong> the contribution was stable. The trends of total <strong>shrimp</strong> and fish<strong>catch</strong> were decreased from the beg<strong>in</strong>n<strong>in</strong>g to the end of time period.Keywords: CPUE (Catch per unit ef<strong>for</strong>t), tiger <strong>shrimp</strong> (Penaeus monodon), EEZ(Exclusive economic zone)IntroductionThe fishery sector <strong>in</strong> Bangladesh plays a vital role <strong>in</strong> meet<strong>in</strong>g 58% of theprote<strong>in</strong> demand, employment opportunity and 2.7% of the total export earn<strong>in</strong>gsof the country. With<strong>in</strong> total 2.5 million MT fish production <strong>mar<strong>in</strong>e</strong> <strong>catch</strong> contributes21% <strong>in</strong> Bangladesh (DoF, 2011). Countries fish production is <strong>in</strong>creas<strong>in</strong>g day by bayfrom both <strong>in</strong> aquaculture and <strong>mar<strong>in</strong>e</strong> sector. At the onset of the development <strong>for</strong>the <strong>mar<strong>in</strong>e</strong> sector several researches were undertaken supported by differentdonors <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g FAO. Two research vessels were <strong>in</strong> possession of the Departmentof Fisheries and utilized <strong>for</strong> researches dur<strong>in</strong>g 1981 to 1988 and cont<strong>in</strong>ued up to1997 with some limited manner. Limited <strong>in</strong><strong>for</strong>mation about the <strong>in</strong>tensity of fish<strong>in</strong>gpressure and the status of exploitation rate of the coastal resources of Bangladeshis available (Mustafa 1994; Mustafa 1999; Mustafa and Khan 1993; Mustafa et al.1996). However, several resource surveys have been carried out <strong>in</strong> Bangladesh<strong>mar<strong>in</strong>e</strong> waters and these reported that the fisheries resources were still abundant(Khan et al. 1989; Lamboeuf 1987; Mustafa and Khan 1993; Mustafa et al. 1996).*Correspond<strong>in</strong>g author: ehsan_tony@yahoo.com1. Senior Upazilla Fisheries Officer, Teknaf, DoF; 2. Scientific Officer, MFTS, BFRI; 3. Scientific Officer, RS,BFRI; 4. Statistical Officer, Mar<strong>in</strong>e Unit, DoF; 5. Director, Mar<strong>in</strong>e Unit, DoF
Udd<strong>in</strong> et al.Almost 43000 of artisanal mechanized and non-mechanized boats and 154<strong>in</strong>dustrial fish<strong>in</strong>g trawlers are engaged to fish <strong>in</strong> the exclusively economic zone(EEZ) of the Bay of Bengal <strong>in</strong> Bangladesh (DoF, 2010). Though the artisanal sectorcontributes 91% of the <strong>mar<strong>in</strong>e</strong> <strong>catch</strong>, but the land<strong>in</strong>gs don’t occur <strong>in</strong> a managedway due to lack of sufficient fish land<strong>in</strong>g centre <strong>in</strong> the coastal part of the country.On the other hand fish land<strong>in</strong>g by <strong>in</strong>dustrial fish<strong>in</strong>g trawlers are operated with asystematic manner under the close supervision by Mar<strong>in</strong>e Fisheries Office,Chittagong. The present statuses of the fish<strong>in</strong>g pressure on the <strong>mar<strong>in</strong>e</strong> resourcesneed to be analyzed <strong>for</strong> proper management. There is scope to f<strong>in</strong>d out thetrends of fish availability and stock position by analyz<strong>in</strong>g contribution of <strong>ma<strong>in</strong></strong><strong>species</strong> to the total <strong>catch</strong> and <strong>catch</strong> per unit ef<strong>for</strong>t (CPUE) with the collected<strong>catch</strong> data by the Skippers upon arrival from their sea voyages.A multi-<strong>species</strong>, multi-gear fishery exploits the traditional fish<strong>in</strong>g grounds <strong>in</strong>Bangladesh waters. No management decision can be ideally taken on the basisof these surveys any more. New surveys and new <strong>in</strong><strong>for</strong>mation of <strong>mar<strong>in</strong>e</strong> stocks arerequired <strong>for</strong> proper management strategy. The present study looked at the<strong>composition</strong> of <strong>shrimp</strong> <strong>species</strong> assemblages based on the commercial <strong>in</strong>dustrialtrawler <strong>catch</strong>. Specifically the study aimed to describe the <strong>composition</strong> of the<strong>species</strong> assemblages. The tendency of the <strong>mar<strong>in</strong>e</strong> <strong>shrimp</strong> stock might becalculated by analyz<strong>in</strong>g with that secondary data accord<strong>in</strong>gly. This paperproposes the tendency of the <strong>mar<strong>in</strong>e</strong> <strong>shrimp</strong> stock <strong>in</strong> the country’s EEZ to providea salient feature of the available <strong>in</strong><strong>for</strong>mation and resource base managementplan and to identify future research.Materials and methodsThere are four major fish<strong>in</strong>g grounds (Figure-1) <strong>in</strong> the exclusive economic zone(EEZ) of Bangladesh (i.e. South Patches, South of South Patches, Middl<strong>in</strong>g andSwatch of No Ground). Now 35 <strong>shrimp</strong> and 119 fish trawlers are engaged <strong>in</strong> fish<strong>in</strong>gwith<strong>in</strong> these grounds. As expected, <strong>catch</strong> <strong>composition</strong> from <strong>shrimp</strong> trawlsconsisted <strong>ma<strong>in</strong></strong>ly of <strong>shrimp</strong> <strong>species</strong>. The <strong>ma<strong>in</strong></strong> target <strong>species</strong> of this analysis weretiger <strong>shrimp</strong> (Penaeus monodon), Indian white <strong>shrimp</strong> (P. <strong>in</strong>dicus), brown <strong>shrimp</strong>s(Metapenaeus monoceros, M. Brevicornis, M. sp<strong>in</strong>ulatus) and mixed of other lesscommercial <strong>species</strong> (Parapeneopsis sculptilis, P. Stylifera, Acetus <strong>in</strong>dicus).92Figure 1. Fish<strong>in</strong>g grounds <strong>in</strong> the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh (Source: SatteliteImage-Mar<strong>in</strong>e Fisheries Surveillance & Management Unit, Chittagong).http://www.bdresearchpublications.com/journal/
Catch Composition <strong>for</strong> Ma<strong>in</strong> Mar<strong>in</strong>e Shrimp SpeciesShrimp trawlers engaged <strong>in</strong> fish<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> the EEZ of Bangladesh hav<strong>in</strong>g a capacity ofgross tonnage 150-250 MT with <strong>ma<strong>in</strong></strong> eng<strong>in</strong>e power 500-900 BHP. These vesselsusually sail <strong>for</strong> 30 days time period per voyage and every day complete 5-6 hauls<strong>for</strong> a period of 3-4 hours. But the fish<strong>in</strong>g days and number of haul<strong>in</strong>g fully dependsupon weather and sea worth<strong>in</strong>ess and function<strong>in</strong>g of the fish<strong>in</strong>g vessel itself.However the most the fish<strong>in</strong>g days vary from 20-25 days per trip per vessel, thoughsometimes it comes to only 3-5 days. A common log sheet has been provided tothe trawler owners or company <strong>for</strong> report<strong>in</strong>g of their trawl <strong>catch</strong> prior to get asail<strong>in</strong>g permission <strong>for</strong> the upcom<strong>in</strong>g fish<strong>in</strong>g trip. Skippers of these fish<strong>in</strong>g vessels fillthe supplied log sheet after each haul accord<strong>in</strong>gly. Secondary <strong>shrimp</strong> land<strong>in</strong>gdata from this log sheet are available by the <strong>shrimp</strong> trawlers that have beensubmitted to the Mar<strong>in</strong>e Fisheries Office. Cross check<strong>in</strong>g of these land<strong>in</strong>g<strong>in</strong><strong>for</strong>mation are generally done by the authorized person on random basis dur<strong>in</strong>gland<strong>in</strong>gs of the <strong>catch</strong>.The <strong>catch</strong> of fish, <strong>in</strong> numbers or <strong>in</strong> weight, taken by a def<strong>in</strong>ed unit of fish<strong>in</strong>gef<strong>for</strong>t is <strong>catch</strong> per unit ef<strong>for</strong>t (CPUE). Large CPUEs <strong>in</strong>dicate large populations s<strong>in</strong>cemany <strong>in</strong>dividuals are caught <strong>for</strong> every unit of fish<strong>in</strong>g ef<strong>for</strong>t. CPUE standardizes<strong>catch</strong> data based on the amount of the ef<strong>for</strong>t (total time or area sampled)exerted. Also called; <strong>catch</strong> per ef<strong>for</strong>t, fish<strong>in</strong>g success, availability. Ex: tons of<strong>shrimp</strong> per tow or day, pounds of fish per hundred longl<strong>in</strong>e hooks. CPUE is ameasure of the density or population size of an animal that is targeted by fish<strong>in</strong>g.Because sampl<strong>in</strong>g ef<strong>for</strong>t may differ from area to area, month to month, or year toyear; the number of fish captured must be analyzed <strong>in</strong> such a way as tostandardize the ef<strong>for</strong>t that was exerted. Consider<strong>in</strong>g the scope an ef<strong>for</strong>t wasdone to f<strong>in</strong>d out the trends of <strong>shrimp</strong> availability and trend of stock position byanalyz<strong>in</strong>g <strong>species</strong> wise total <strong>catch</strong>, contribution of <strong>in</strong>dividual <strong>species</strong> to the total<strong>catch</strong> and CPUE with the data from the fish<strong>in</strong>g log sheet submitted <strong>in</strong> Mar<strong>in</strong>eFisheries Office by the Skippers upon arrival from their sea voyages.Input data were <strong>catch</strong> weights, fish<strong>in</strong>g days and number of trawlers from<strong>shrimp</strong> trawl land<strong>in</strong>gs, i.e. total <strong>shrimp</strong> <strong>catch</strong>, total fish as by<strong>catch</strong>, and <strong>in</strong>dividual<strong>catch</strong> of <strong>ma<strong>in</strong></strong> <strong>shrimp</strong> <strong>species</strong> from the last 25 years (1986-87 to 2010-11) <strong>catch</strong>.S<strong>in</strong>ce express<strong>in</strong>g abundance on relatively crude scales reta<strong>in</strong>s much of thequantitative <strong>in</strong><strong>for</strong>mation. In this article CPUE was calculated on daily basis fish<strong>in</strong>g,i.e. how much (<strong>in</strong> weight) fish were caught by one vessel per day. For thestatistical analysis of that data Microsoft excel was used <strong>for</strong> calculat<strong>in</strong>g relativeabundance of major <strong>shrimp</strong> stocks and trends of the <strong>composition</strong> of the <strong>shrimp</strong>and fish <strong>in</strong> the EEZ of Bangladesh.ResultsTotal numbers of <strong>shrimp</strong> trawler engaged <strong>in</strong> <strong>shrimp</strong> <strong>catch</strong> and f<strong>in</strong>fish asby<strong>catch</strong> were varied from 31 to 48 and also fish<strong>in</strong>g days fluctuate from 4581 to7866 (Table-1). The highest and lowest numbers of <strong>shrimp</strong> trawler were engaged <strong>in</strong>fish<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> the year of 1997-98 and 1986-87, respectively. The total <strong>shrimp</strong> <strong>catch</strong>fluctuate from 2138 to 4830 MT <strong>for</strong> the year of 2006-07 and 1988-89, respectivelyand f<strong>in</strong>fish by<strong>catch</strong> fluctuate from 1836 to 6157 MT. The trends of total <strong>shrimp</strong> andfish <strong>catch</strong> were decreased from the beg<strong>in</strong>n<strong>in</strong>g to the end of time period (Figure-2).93http://www.bdresearchpublications.com/journal/
Udd<strong>in</strong> et al.Table 1. Numbers of <strong>shrimp</strong> trawlers were engaged and fish<strong>in</strong>g days <strong>for</strong> the yearof 1986-87 to 2010-11(Source: BMFSMU, DoF )Year No of trawlers Fish<strong>in</strong>g days Year No of trawlers Fish<strong>in</strong>g days1986-87 31 6429 1999-00 44 71521987-88 33 6642 2000-01 44 72891988-89 42 7806 2001-02 44 69351989-90 44 7394 2002-03 45 70691990-91 42 5658 2003-04 45 74421991-92 46 5529 2004-05 45 78661992-93 37 6588 2005-06 41 74661993-94 40 7113 2006-07 39 59191994-95 43 6691 2007-08 38 59691995-96 41 6502 2008-09 40 59561996-97 41 6914 2009-10 41 45811997-98 48 7044 2010-11 40 47181998-99 41 764594Figure 2. Total <strong>shrimp</strong> and fish <strong>catch</strong> by <strong>shrimp</strong> trawlers and trends of <strong>shrimp</strong> andfish stock <strong>in</strong> the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh (Source: BMFSMU, DoF )The key commercial <strong>mar<strong>in</strong>e</strong> <strong>shrimp</strong> <strong>species</strong> were Penaeus monodon (tiger<strong>shrimp</strong>), Penaeus <strong>in</strong>dicus (Indian white <strong>shrimp</strong>), and Metapenaeus monoceros(brown <strong>shrimp</strong>). The contribution of brown <strong>shrimp</strong> was highest <strong>for</strong> entire timeperiod and varies from 53-72% of the total <strong>catch</strong>. On the other hand white <strong>shrimp</strong>contributes lowest portion (1-13%) of the total <strong>catch</strong>. The contribution of the <strong>ma<strong>in</strong></strong>and highest valued tiger <strong>shrimp</strong> was lowest (5.6%) <strong>in</strong> the year of 1999-00 andhighest (18.8%) <strong>in</strong> the year of 1991-92 (Figure-3). The percent contribution of tiger<strong>shrimp</strong> was decreased slowly but <strong>in</strong>creased <strong>in</strong> case of brown <strong>shrimp</strong> and <strong>for</strong>Indian white <strong>shrimp</strong> the contribution was stable (Figure-4).http://www.bdresearchpublications.com/journal/
Catch Composition <strong>for</strong> Ma<strong>in</strong> Mar<strong>in</strong>e Shrimp Species95Figure 3. Percent contribution of major <strong>shrimp</strong> <strong>species</strong> by <strong>shrimp</strong> trawlers (Source:BMFSMU, DoF )Figure 4. Trends of percent contribution of major <strong>shrimp</strong> <strong>species</strong> by <strong>shrimp</strong> trawlers(Source: BMFSMU, DoF )The CPUE <strong>for</strong> tiger <strong>shrimp</strong>, brown <strong>shrimp</strong> and Indian white <strong>shrimp</strong> werevaried from 23-89, 191-465 and 7-65 kg d -1 , respectively. The highest CPUE with 465kg d -1 (65.4% of the total <strong>catch</strong>) was observed <strong>in</strong> the year of 1990-91 by thecontribution of the brown <strong>shrimp</strong>. On the other hand the lowest CPUE with 7 kg d -1(1.3% of the total <strong>catch</strong>) was observed <strong>in</strong> the year of 1909-10 by the contributionof the Indian white <strong>shrimp</strong> (Figure-5).http://www.bdresearchpublications.com/journal/
Udd<strong>in</strong> et al.96Figure 5. Trends of <strong>catch</strong> per unit ef<strong>for</strong>t (CPUE) of major <strong>shrimp</strong> <strong>species</strong> by <strong>shrimp</strong>trawlers (Source: BMFSMU, DoF)DiscussionThe <strong>in</strong>dustrial fish<strong>in</strong>g fleet consists of two types of fish<strong>in</strong>g trawler namely<strong>shrimp</strong> trawler and f<strong>in</strong> fish trawler. Though the total number of <strong>in</strong>dustrial fish<strong>in</strong>gtrawler <strong>in</strong>creased rapidly but the number of <strong>shrimp</strong> trawler was <strong>in</strong> a position ofbellow than fifty. This is due to some <strong>in</strong>itiatives <strong>for</strong> <strong>in</strong>troduction of new fish trawlers<strong>in</strong> recent years, but <strong>in</strong>troduction of new <strong>shrimp</strong> trawler is completely prohibited bythe Government. This is due to protect the sea bed and conserve the nature as<strong>shrimp</strong> trawler dwell on sea bed and cause <strong>for</strong> destruction of <strong>mar<strong>in</strong>e</strong> flora andfauna.The only coherent database that exists at present is that of statisticsgathered from the <strong>in</strong>dustrial trawl fishery. Analyz<strong>in</strong>g and report<strong>in</strong>g data as actualnumber of fish caught, fisheries data are typically reported as CPUE. The datahere only po<strong>in</strong>ts to (a) overall reductions <strong>in</strong> the CPUE <strong>for</strong> <strong>shrimp</strong> as a whole, butmore specifically (b) substantial decl<strong>in</strong>es <strong>in</strong> the CPUE <strong>for</strong> tiger <strong>shrimp</strong>s. Amongother <strong>shrimp</strong> <strong>species</strong> the white <strong>shrimp</strong> is believed to be over-exploited <strong>for</strong> nopotential benefit and the brown <strong>shrimp</strong> has re<strong>ma<strong>in</strong></strong>ed stable. But this <strong>in</strong><strong>for</strong>mation isoutdated and there is a strong need to be updated and adequately expla<strong>in</strong>ed<strong>for</strong> ready use <strong>in</strong> the development of management programs. The excessivepressure on different <strong>species</strong> is evident from the reports of Islam et al. (1993),Mustafa and Khan (1993), Khan et al. (1994) and Khan, S.M. and M.S. Haque.(2003). It is true however that the situation is dynamic and much of thedimensions, but not necessarily the characters of the identification, havechanged which is apprehended to be deteriorated further.The stock of <strong>ma<strong>in</strong></strong> target and highly commercial valued <strong>species</strong> black tiger<strong>shrimp</strong> P. monodon <strong>in</strong> particular is under threat from the sides. Only less than 10%of the virtual population of this <strong>species</strong> and more than 80% of the white <strong>shrimp</strong> P.<strong>in</strong>dicus were allowed by the <strong>shrimp</strong> fry collectors (Khan et al. 1997) to go back tothe sea. Brackish water estuaries provides spawn<strong>in</strong>g support and serves as nurseryground <strong>for</strong> the <strong>mar<strong>in</strong>e</strong> fauna, which visit the estuar<strong>in</strong>e environment dur<strong>in</strong>g theearly phases of the lifecycle. Most of the members of the visit<strong>in</strong>g fish/<strong>shrimp</strong> stocksare over-fished <strong>in</strong> this ground. This multi-<strong>species</strong> and multi-gear complexities of thedynamics are of fish<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> the coastal areas has made the fisheries managementhttp://www.bdresearchpublications.com/journal/
Catch Composition <strong>for</strong> Ma<strong>in</strong> Mar<strong>in</strong>e Shrimp Species97decisions extremely difficult. The overall penaeid <strong>shrimp</strong> stock is under pressure.Shrimp fry collection fishery, the estuar<strong>in</strong>e setbag net (ESBN) fishery (to <strong>catch</strong>juveniles of miscellaneous <strong>mar<strong>in</strong>e</strong> fauna) and the <strong>shrimp</strong> trawl fishery (to <strong>catch</strong>brood <strong>shrimp</strong>s) are the three major destructive fish<strong>in</strong>g gears, the comb<strong>in</strong>ed effectof which has made the coastal fisheries resource base too sensitive to depletion.The comb<strong>in</strong>ed impact of the <strong>in</strong>discrim<strong>in</strong>ate fish<strong>in</strong>g by these fisheries has made thecoastal fisheries resource base too sensitive to depletion. The impact of the trawlfishery on the <strong>shrimp</strong> PL fishery and the vice-versa is difficult to quantify, largelybecause the two fisheries came <strong>in</strong>to operation almost at the same time. But thenegative impact of them on the ESBN fishers was visible (Khan et al.1997).ConclusionsThe <strong>mar<strong>in</strong>e</strong> fisheries sector has been suffer<strong>in</strong>g from chronic dis<strong>in</strong>tegrationand mismanagement that have led to many consequences. Most of thecommercially important fish stocks are either overexploited or under threat. Theissues of susta<strong>in</strong>able resource use is discussed and identified <strong>in</strong> detail <strong>in</strong> order tobe able to seek the appropriate solutions. However, it should be reemphasizedthat over-fish<strong>in</strong>g on spawn<strong>in</strong>g stocks (recruitment over fish<strong>in</strong>g) is considerablewith<strong>in</strong> the <strong>shrimp</strong> trawl fishery which impacts on juveniles migrat<strong>in</strong>g to <strong>in</strong>shorewaters thereby restrict<strong>in</strong>g recruitment of a significant part of the population. Onthe other hand the growth over-fish<strong>in</strong>g by the small-scale artisanal fleet is anotherserious issue that needs special attention, under the present situation that fish<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>the <strong>in</strong>shore areas is no longer remunerative.RecommendationsIn order to combat future tragic situation of decl<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g fish production <strong>in</strong><strong>mar<strong>in</strong>e</strong> waters, both enhanced coastal aquaculture production and reductionof post-harvest loss would go side by side. Some recommendations are asfollowsi.All destructive gears like the estuar<strong>in</strong>e set bag net, beach se<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g, <strong>shrimp</strong>fry collection push nets should be gradually removed and be successivelyreplaced by eco-friendly gears.ii. Dependable database should be created and updated as regard thestocks, <strong>catch</strong> and ef<strong>for</strong>ts, abundance, <strong>shrimp</strong> fishers, small-scale fishers etc.and their socio-economic status;iii. Closed season dur<strong>in</strong>g breed<strong>in</strong>g season and areas (Mar<strong>in</strong>e reserve) <strong>for</strong>conservation of gravid female <strong>shrimp</strong> and fish <strong>species</strong> should beimplemented.iv. The research areas identified immensely need to be considered <strong>for</strong> properimplementation. The government and concerned agencies have tocommit long-term fund<strong>in</strong>g and capacity build<strong>in</strong>g <strong>for</strong> research backed byqualified scientific manpower.AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to acknowledge the Skippers and the Crews of the <strong>shrimp</strong>trawlers those were engaged <strong>in</strong> fish<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> the EEZ of Bangladesh and made a verygood <strong>catch</strong> report <strong>for</strong> the tenure period. Special thanks are due to the Staff andOfficers of Mar<strong>in</strong>e Fisheries Office, Chittagong and also BFRI officers <strong>for</strong> their k<strong>in</strong>dsupports. The authors are also <strong>in</strong>debted to BOBLME <strong>for</strong> valuable and technicalsupport on draft writ<strong>in</strong>gs and are also grateful to all anonymous reviewers <strong>for</strong>improv<strong>in</strong>g this manuscript.http://www.bdresearchpublications.com/journal/
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