Biographical review of Dane county, Wisconsin. Containing ...

vBIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW-OP"-D A MCOUMTY,Containing Biograpljicnl 6kctcl)cs of |3ioncci5 anb ficabing vEiti^cns.'Biography is i. only true history." Emeri'nn.BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW PUBLISHING CO.%\1893.

f?

Cv=^PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES.Geiirge VVasliingtou (!Millanl Fillmore 13John Adams 14Thmnas .Ietfei-s(ui 20James Madison ~9James Monroe -^3Jolin Quinc)' Adams 38Andrew Jackson 47Martin Van Buren 53William Henry Harrison 56Jobn Tyler 60James K. Polk 64Franklin Pierce — 76James I!nchanan 80Aliialiara Lincoln 84Andrew Jolmson 93Ulysses S. Grant 96U.IS Hayes 103J. A. Garfield 1U9Chester A. Arthur 113Grover Cleveland 117Lienjamin Harrison 130Zaubary Taylor 68-i.v-0^^

'1HIOGl^APHIGALSI^ErnGHES.AAbboU, C. K ;{11AdaiTia, C. : 247Adams, II. C H78Adrnns, liewis li ;i07AiiiHWorlh, Mrs. .1. W 128Alloi-d, JjiliHs 524Aliiie, 11. () 512Anderson, Miitlliew 540Andei-Kiin, N 217Aniierson, K. H 443Angell, W. II 168Ariiuis, Charles 541Alkins, Tlinmas 554Atkinson, \V. H 175Alwood, |)Hvid 365BBabcock, I). I. 268Habcock, S. i\I 201Haoon, ICliza 314Baker, , I. V 483Baker, Otis 555Baldwin, P 384Bancioft, II V 343Barlsrh, A. W 134Biisbfonl. K. M 221'Beat tie, 'riionias 172Becblel, Daniel 324Beck. J. L 338Beebo, II. H 166Bell, Alinon 402Bennett, Eijbert 5.53Benson, W. B 470Bernard, ( 'barles 456Bird, A. A 241Bird, (J. W 270Bird, Ira W 418Binl, Kale |{ 41!)Birrenkott, A 337Blake, James 438Blanchard, (\ S 405Bonner, James 2'28Bowman, J. A 559Boyee, A. A 356Boyre, L. L 331Hoyce, Keulien 362Brereton, A. J ... 525Brown, A. S 180Brown, O. F 321Brown, 1>. S 535Brown, Timotby 317Bryant, I). I) 4!)8Bryant,

I'Muzzy,Green, JI. M 133Greenmaii, J. W 459Gregory, C. N 406Gross, Frank 139GroTe, H 249Gunzolas, M. V 432Gurnee, J. D «2SGurnee, S. O. Y 5S0HHaight, N 344Hall, Charles 577Hanson, H. D18GHarnden, Henry 255Harrington, C. F (i04Harmon, G. F 422Haseltine, O. B 427Hastings, S. D 410Hawley, Samuel - 3'JlHayes, J. D G04Heath, E. H 581Heim, J. B 425Jlemsing. H. O 582Heuser, Justus 582Hibbard, J. M 202Hicks, J. B 583Hidden, W. S 132Higham, Samuel 260lliigers, VV 597Hoobins, Joseph 530Hobbs, Wni. H 513Hoff, Andrew 554Hogbin. Wm 385Hoven, M.J 597Howie, John 457Hoyt, L. W 292Hudson, Charles 355Hudson, J. W r.21Humphrey, D 290Ilurd, Philetus 138IIsham, Chancy 588'I verson, M 432Jackson, Kbenezer 337Jackson, Edson B 315Jeirefson, B 401Jenks, Arthur \V 481Jenks, iMrs. L. J 482Johnson, CD471 vJohnson, c. Tr^^^Johnson. J. A 439Johnson, J. C 434 ^Johnson, Julius330 yJohnson. Nels P 475.lohnsi on, George 657Jones, Burr W 285•Jones, 1'. J 485Kenlzler, A 521Kerr, Alex 404Kerr, J. B 430Keyes, E. W 295CONTENTSKing, P. H 346King, J. T 589Kingsley, G. P 493Kittilsen, Levi 482Klubertanz, J. T 217Klueter, H 584Knox, P. B 575Krehl, Fred 358Knigh, P. G 328Kuehne, A. J 506LLadd, E. E 340La Follette, K. jM 575Lamont, T. G 197Lansing, A. E 585Lappley, John 191Leary, J. W 4(14Lee, J. I) 450Lewis, Henry M 394Lewis, L. H 586Libliy, S. D 591Lindley, J. S 592Linley , Henry 132Livesey, James 452Livesey, R. B 320Loebrer, P.J 008Logan, I). D 23sLoper. J. C 198Lonsifield, S. H 609Lovejoy, H. W 220Lund, T. C 540Luchsinger, F (;02Lulher, H. C 193Lyon, W. P 157MMain, A. H 603Main, E. D 538Main, W. S 170Mandt, G. G 492^Martin, N 514Mason, John 631Malls. P. W 15(1Mayer, Casper 490Mayers, C.G 178McCaughn, Alex 240McChesney, F. S 401McConnell, James 601McConnell, W. T 030McFarland, Joseph 438Mc.Murran, A 154McNeil, Charles 545Mears, C. S 413Melvin, J. U 417Meniiedolh, A 316Merrill, Allred 249Meyers, J. S 143Miller, G. P 587Miller, J C 390Mills, J. F 480Mills, Maria L 127Mills, Simoon 125Minch, Wm 234Moore, Mrs. A. W 348Moreth, Carl 421Moulton, H. N 258Mueller, J. G 485Murphy, Abraham4^^8Mutchler, Levi 588Samuel 494NNader, John 215Naset I. J 174Naset, J. J 231NetherwoodC. W 304Nevin. James 507-Newton. J. L. W 595Nichols, G. M 005Nienaber, B. H 501Noe, W. C 590Norsman, O. S 154OOakley, G. M 416O'Connor, J. L 253O'Dwyer, .Alichael 226Ogden. F. A 423Oleson, John 584Oliu, J. M 259Olson, J. E 184Olson, Tortrrim 183Olson, W. T 429O'Malley, J. K 353O'Malley, Joseph 354O'Mallev, Thomas 162Orton, H. S 262Owen, E. T 001Papc, Ferdinand 013Pargeter, W. G 516Parish, C. E 455Parker, F. A 403Parker, Amasa 014Parkinson, F. E 299Parkinson, J. B 590Parkinson, .M. M 013Parsons, A. S 301Parsims, W. K 396Parlridge,A. M 341Patterson, J. 479Peck, George W 397Peck, V. E 599Petlenaill. A. E 129Pfund, Hermann 180Pierce, N. W 590PierslorlV. \V. F 209Pinney, S. U 477Platte, A. B 016Polleys. T. A 531Porter, W. H 160Poyniir, Charles 136Pritchard, P. M....3L./.:2^. 159Pyburn, Cornelia 283

CONTENTS.RRisilall. W. M 488Keffan, Thomas 381Heutpr, C. K. L. F (!C4Httyuokls, G. W 035Kichimis, J 3(54KicliardsoD, David 617Kicbmoufi, E. W 377Kiley.E. F•-'07Roe, H. K^''J"'Roe, O. K 450Rogeis, W :i 469Rood, J. Q. ArjOlRoss, J. A 181Rowley, A. A 544'-'14Rowley, M. SSSai-htjen, Herman 302SiU-i^eul, C 474Sawii., Mrs. L. M 21:!Scheler, Heiirv 30.St^dieler, O. C."n. & C. L 200Schernecher. George 615Schilliuger, AOilSchlimgeD, J 881Sclioen,"Pliilip 529Sc'lilotllKiuer, () 318Schuermann, II 346Schweinem, .1 612Scoleu, .leroine 453SeamoDson, VV23'.(Seemann, J

^n.^^4?^,^^^^

.EORCEWASHINGTON.^^Mt"""""•.•:•;••: • ••."—m^'-E®ie©K WASIi©^I- ti;5 •!- c^JRORCE WASHING-TON, the "Father ofhis Country" and itsfirst President, i7''^9-'97, was born Februar}'22, 1732, in WashingtonParish, WestmorelandC o u n t \', \'irginia.His father, Augustine Washington,first married Jane Butler,who bore him four children,and Marrh 6, 1730, hemarried Marv Ball. Of sixchildren by his second marriage,George was the eldest,the others being Betty, SanuK'l, John, Augustine,Charles and Mildix'd, ol whom theyoungest died in infrmcv. Fittle is knownof the early years of Washington, beyondthe fact that the house in which he wasborn was burned during liis early childhood,and that his father thereupon movedto another farm, inherited frcjm hisiiatcrnalancestors, situated in Stafford County, onthe north bank of the Rappahannock, wherehe acted as agent of the F^rincipi(j IronWorks in the immediate vicinilv, and diedthere in 1743.Fi'om earliest childh(jod George developeda noble character. He had a vigorousconstitution, a fine form, and great bodilyStrength. His education was somewiiat defective,being ccjnfuied to the clemen.taiybranches taught him bv his mother and ata neighboring school. He developed, however,a fonrlness for mathematics, an

PRES/DliNTS OF THE UNITED STATES.Three years were passed by j'oung Washinf:^tonin a rous^^h froiitit-r life, gaining experiencewhicli afterward proved very essentialio him.In 1 75 1, when the Virginia militia wereput under training with a view to activeservice against France, Washington, thoughonly nineteen years of age, was appointedAdjutant with the rank of Major. In Sej)-tember of that year the failing health ofLawrence Washingtcjn rendered it necessaryfor him to seek a warmer climate, andGe irge accompanied him in a voyage toBar xidoes. They returned early in 1752,and Lawrence shortly afterward died, leavinghiS large property to an infant daughter.In his will George was namc-d one of theexecutors and as eventual heir to MountVernon, and by the d(^ith of the infant niecesoon succeeded to tliat estate.On the arrival of Robert Dinwiddle asLieutenant-Governor of Virginia in 1752llic militia was reorganized, and the provincedivided into four districts. Washingtonwas commissioned by Dinwiddle Adjutant-Generalof the Northern District in1753, and in November of that year a mostimi)ortant as well as hazardous mission wasassigned him. This was to proceed to theCanadian posts recently established onFrench Creek, near Lake Erie, to demandin the name of the King of England thewithdrawal of the French from a territoryclaimed by Virginia. This enterprise hadbeen declined by more than one officer,since it involved a journey through an extensiveand almost unexplored wildernessin the occupancy of savage lndi:m tribes,eillu 1 liostile to the English, or of doubtfulattachment. Major Washington, however,accepted the commission witii alacrity ; and,accompanied by Captain Gist, he reachedFort Le BfEuf on French Creek, deliveredhis dispatches and received reply, which, ofcourse, was a polite refusal to surrender theposts. This reply was of such a characteras to induce the Assembly of Virginia toauthorize the executive to raise a regimentof 300 men for the purpose of maintainingthe asserted rights of the British crownover the territory claimed. As Washingtondeclined to be a candidate for that post,the command of this regiment was given toColonel Joshua Fry, and Major Washington,at his own request, was commissionedLieutenant-Colonel. On the march to Ohio,news was received that a party previouslysent to build a fort at the confluence of theMonongahela with the Ohio had beendriven back bv a considerable French force,which had Cf)mplctcd the work there begun,and named it Fort Duquesne, in honorof the Marquis Duquesne, then Governorof Canada. Tliis was the beginning of thegreat " French and Indian war,'' wiiich continuedseven years. On the death of ColonelFry, Washington succeeded t(j the commandof the regiment, and so well did hefulfill his trust that the Virginia Assemblycommissioned him as Commander-in-Chiefthe forces raised in the colony.of allA cessation of allIndian hostility on thefrontier having followed the expulsion ofthe French from the Ohio, the object ofWashington was accomplished and he resignedhis commission as Commander-in-Chief of the Virginia forces. He then proceededto Williamsburg to take his seat inthe General Assembly, of which he hadbeen elected a member.January 17, 1759, Washington marriedMrs. Martha (Dandridge) Custis, a youngand beautiful widow of great wealth, antl devotedhimself for the ensuing fifteen yearsto the quiet ])iirsuits of agriculture, interruptedonly bv his aiuiual attendance inwinter upon the CoU)niaI Legislature atWilliamsburg, until summoned by hiscountry to enter upon that other arena inwhich his fame was to become world wide.It is unnecessary here to trace the detailsof the struggle upon the question ol local

GEORGEWASHINGTON.self-government, which, after ten years, culminatedby act of Parliament of the port of fied that nothing else will save us."of independence; but I am now fully satis-Boston. It was at the instance of Virginia It is not tlie object of this sketch to tracethat a congress of all the colonies was called the military acts of the patriot hero, toto meet at Philadeljihia September 5, 1774, whose hands the fortunes and liberties ofto secure their common liberties— if possil)le the United Stales were confided during theby peaceful means. To this Congress seven 3'ears' bloody struggle that ensuedColonel WashingtcMi was sent as a delegate.On dissolving in October, it recom-acknowledged the independence of each ofuntil the treat}' of 1783, in which Englandmended the colonies to send deputies to the thirteen States, and negotiated withanother Congress the following spring. In them, jointly, as separate sovereignties. Thethe meantime several of the colonies felt merits of Washington as a military chieftainhave been considerably discussed, espe-impelled to raise local forces to repel insultsand aggressions on the part of British cially by writers in his own country. Duringthe war he was most bitterly assailedtroops, so that on the assembling of the nextCongress, May 10, 1775, the war preparationsof the mother country were unmis-made to displace him ; but he never for afor incompetency, and great efforts weretakable. The battles of Concord and Lexingtonhad been fought. Among the earliest Congress or the people. December 4, 1783,moment lost the confidence of either theacts, therefore, of the Congress was the the great commander took !eave of his oflicersin most affectionate and patriotic terms,selection of a commander-in-chief of thecolonial forces. This ofifice was unanimouslyconferred upon Washington, still a the Congress of the States was in session,and went to Annapolis, Mai-}land, wheremember of the Congress. He accepted it and to that body, when peace and orderon June 19, but on the express condition he prevailed everywhere, resigned his commissionand retired to Mount Vernon.should receive no salary.He immediately repaired to the vicinity It was in 1788 that Washington was calledof Boston, against which point the British to the chief magistracy of the nation. Heministrj- had concentrated their forces. As received every electoral vote cast in all theearly as April General Gage had 3,000 colleges of the States voting for the officetroops in and around this proscribed city. of President. The 4th of March, 1789, wasDuring tiie fall and winter the British policy the time appointed for the Government ofclearly indicated a purjiose to divide publicsentiment and to build up a British party but several weeks elapsed before quorumsthe United States to begin its operations,in the colonies. Those who sided with the of both the newly constituted houses of theministry were stigmatized by the patriots Congress were assembled. The city of Newas " Tories," while the patriots took to themselvesthe name of " Whigs."then met. April 16 Washington left hisYork was the place where the CongrefsAs early as 1776 the leading men had home to enter upon the discharge of hiscome to the conclusion that there was no new duties. He set out with a purpose ofhope except in separation and independence.In May of that year Washington any oublic attention ; but this was impossi-traveling privately, and without attractingwrote from the head of the army in New ble. Everywhere on his way he was metYork: "A reconciliation with Great Uritamis impossible. , , , . When 1 took man whom they regarded as the chief de-with thronging crowds, eager to see thecomuiv».ii Jt the army abhorred the ides lendc of their liberties, and everywhere'

;PRESIDENTS OF THE UN/TED STATES.he was hailed with those public manifestationsof joy, regard and love which springspontaneoiislv from the hearts of an aflectionateand grateful people. His receptionin New York was marked by a grandeurand an enthusiasm never before witnessedin that metropolis. The inauguration tookplace April 30, in the presence of an immensemultitude which had assembled to witnessthe new and imposing ceremony. The oathof office was administered by Robert R.Livingston, Chancellor of the State.Whenthis sacred pledge was given, he retiredwith the other f)fl[icials into the Senatechamber, where he delivered his inauguraladdress to both houses of the nowlv constitutedCongress injoint assembly.In the manifold details of his civil administration,Washington proved himselfetjual to the requirements ol his position.The greater portion of the first session ofthe first Congress was occupied in passingthe necessary statutes for putting the neworganization int(j complete operation. Inthe discussions brought up in the course ofthis legislationthe nature and character ofthe new system came under general review.On no one of them did any decided antagonismof opinion arise. All held it lo be alimited government, clothed only with specificpowers conferred by delegation fromthe States. There was no change in thename of the legislative department; it stillremained " the Congress of the UnitedStates of America." There was no ciiangein the original flag of the country, and nonein the seal, which still remains with theGrecian escutcheon borne by the eagle,with other einl)lems, under the great andexpressive motto, "/i Pluribus Umtnt."The first division of parties arose uponthe manner of construing the powers delegated,and they were first styled "strictconstructionists" and " latitudinarian constructionists."The former were for confiningthe action of the Government strictlywithin its specific and limited sphere, whilethe others wore for enlarging its powers byinference and implication. Hamilton andJefferson, both members of the first cabinetwereregarded as the chief leaders, respectively, of these rising antagonistic partieswhich have existed, luider different namesfrom that day to this. Washington 'vas regardedas holding a neutral position betweenthem, though, by mature deliberation, hevetoed the first apportionment bill, in 1790,jiassed by the party headed by Hamilton,which was based upon a principle constructivelyleading to centralization or consolidation.This was the first exercise of theveto ])owcr under the present Constitution.It created considerable excitement at thetime. Another bill was soon passed in pursuanceof Mr. Jefferson's views, which hasbeen adhered to in principle in every apportionment act passed since.At the second session of the new Con.gress, Washington announced the gratify^ing fact of " the accession of North Carolina"to the C(jnstitution of 1787, and June1 of the same year he announced by specialmessage the like " accession of the State ofRhode Island," with his congratulations onthe happ3' event which " united inider thegeneral Government" all the States whichwere originally confederated.In 1792, at the second Presidential election,Washington was desirous to retirebut he yielded to the general wish of thecountry, and was again chosen {'residentby the unanimous vote of every electoralcollege. At the third election, \7cf1, he wasagain most urgently entreated to consent toremain in the executive chair. This hepositively refused. In September, belorethe election, he gave to his countrymen hismemorable Farewell Address, which in language,sentiment and patriotism was a fitand crowning glory of his illustrious life.After March 4, 1797, he again retired toMount \'ernon for peace, quiet and repose.

(iEORcn WASlUNa TON. nHis administration foi" the t\v(j terms hadbeen successful bevond the expectation andhopes of even the most sanguine of hisfriends. The finances of tlie country wereno longer in an embarrassed condition, thepublic credit was fully restored, life wasgiven to every department of industry, theworkings of the new system in allowingCongress to raise revenue from duties onimports proved to be not only harmoniousin its federal action, but astonishing in itsresults upon the commerce and trade of allthe States. The exports from the Unionincreased from $19,000,000 to over $56,000,-000 per annum, while the imports increasedin about the same proportion. Three newmembers had been added to the Union. Theprogress of the States in their new careerunder their new organization thus far wasexceedinglv encouraging, not only to thefriends of libertv within their own limits,but to their sympathizing allies in all climesand countries.01 the call again made on this illustriouschief to quit his repose at Mount Vernonand take command of all the United Statesforces, with the rank of Lieutenant-General,when war was threatened with France in1798, nothing need here be stated, except tonote tiie fact as an immistakable testimonialof the high regard in which he was stillheld by his countrymen, of allsliades of politicalopinion. He patriotically acceptedthis trust, but a treaty of peace put a stopto all action under it. He again retired toMount Vernon, where, after a short andsevere illness, he died December 14, 1799,in the sixty-eighth year of his age. Thewhole country was filled with gloom by thissad intelligence.Men of all parties in politicsand creeds in religion, in every Statein the Union, united with Congress in " payinghonor to the man, first in war, first inpeace, and firstHis remains were deposited in a familyvault on the banks of the Potomac at MountVernon, where they still lie entombed.in the hearts of his c

4 PUBS/DENTS OF THE UNITED STATES.^ .^

m/L jia1

JOHN AOAMS. '7prophetic glance into futurity, he hurriedawav all before him. American independencezvas then and tliere born. Every man of animmensely crowded audience appeared tome to go awav, as I did, ready to take uparms."Soon Mr. Adams wrote an essay to beread before the literary club of his town,upon the state of affairs, which was so ableas to attract public attention, it was publishedin American journals, republishedin England, and was pronounced by thefriends of the colonists there as " one o( thevery best prv^ductions ever seen from NorthAmerica."The memorable Stamp Act was nowissued, and Adams entered with all theardor of his soul into political life in orderto resist it. He drew up a series of resolutionsremonstrating against the act, whichwere adopted at a public meeting of thecitizens of Braintree, and which were subsequentlyadopted, word for word, by morethan forty towns in the State. Popularcommotion prevented the landing of theStamp Act papers, and the English authoritiesthen closed the courts. The town ofBoston therefore a|>pointe

i8 fRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES.came on. Congress had to do somethingimmediately. The first thing was tochoose a commander-in-chief for tiic— wecan't say " army "^the fighting men oftiiecolonies. The New England dciegaticmwas almost unanimous in favor of appointmg(ieueral Ward, then at the head of theMassachusetts forces, but Mr. Adams urgedthe appointment of George Washington,then almost unknown outside of his ownState. He was appointed without opposition.Mr. Adams offered the resolution,which was adopted, annulling all the royalauthority in the colonies. Having thusprepared the way, a few weeks later, viz.,June 7, 1776, Richard Henry Lee, of Virginia,who a few months before had declaredthat the British CTOvernment would abandonits oppressive measures, now offeredthe memorable resolution, seconded byAdams, "that these United States arc, andof right ought to be, free and independent."Jefferson, Adams, Franklin, Sherman andLivingston were then ap[jointed a committeeto draught a declaration of independence.Mr. Jefferson desired Mr. Adamsto draw up (he bold document, but thelatter persuaded Mr. Jefferson to performthat responsible task. The Declarationdrawn up, Mr. Adams became its foremostdefender on the floor of Congress. It wassigned by all the fifty-five members present,and the ne.xt day Mr. Adams wrote to hiswife how great a deed was done, and howproud he was of it. Mr. Adams continuedto be the leading man of Congress, andthe leading advocate of American independence.Above all other Americans,he was considered by every one the principalshining mark for British ventreance.Thus circumstanced, he was appointed tothe most dangerous task of crossing theocean in winter, exposed to capture bv theBritish, who knew of his mission, whichwas to visit Paris and solicit the co-operationof the French, Besides, to take liimsclfaway from the country of which hewas the most prominent defender, at thatcritical time, was an act of the greatest selfsacrifice.Sure enough, while crossing thesea, he had two very narrow escapes fromcapture ; and the transit was otherwise astormy and eventful one. During thesummer of 1779 he returned home, but wasimmediately dispatched back to France, tobe in readiness there to negotiate terms ofpeace and commerce with Great Britain asscjon as the latter power was ready for suchbusiness. But as Dr. Franklin was morepopular than heat the court of France, Mr.Adams repaired to Holland, where he wasfar more successful as a diplomatist.The treaty of peace between the UnitedStates and England was finally signed atParis, January 21, 1783; and the re-actionfrom so great excitement as .Mr. Adams hadso long been experiencing threw him intoa dangerous fever. Before he fully recoveredhe was in London, whence he wasdispatched again to Amsterdam to negotiateanother loan. Compliance with thisorder undermined his physical constitutionfor life.In 1785 Mr. Adams was appointed envoyto the court of St. James, to meet face toface the very king who had regarded himas an arch traitor! Accordingly he repairedthither, where he did actually meetand converse with George III.! After aresidence there for about three years, heobtained permission to return to America.While in London he wrote and j)ublishedan able work, in three volumes, entitled:" A Defense of the American Constitution."The Articles of Confederation provinginefficient, as Adams had proiihesietl, acarefuHv draughted Constitution wasadopted in 17S9, when George Washingtonwas elected President of the new nation,and Adams Vice-President. Congress metfor a time in New York, but was removedto Philadelphia for ten years, until suitable

—JOHN ADAMS. 19buildings should be erected at tlie newcapital in the District of Columbia. Mr.Adams then moved his family to Phiiadeiphia.Toward the close of his term ofoffice the French Revolution culminated,when Adams and Washington rathersympathized with England, and JeffersonThe Presidential election ofwith France.1796 resulted in giving Mr. Adams tlie firstplace by a small majority, and Mr. Jeffersonthe second place.Mr. Adams's administrationwas conscientious,patriotic and able. The periodwas a turbulent one, and even an archangelcould not have reconciled the hostile parties.Partisanism with reference to Englandand France was bitter, and for fouryears Mr. Adams struggled tiirough almosta constant tempest of assaults. In fact, hewas not trul}' a popidar man, and his ciiagrinat not receiving a re-election was sogreat that he did not even remain at Phihidelphiato witness the inauguration of Mr.Jefferson, his successor. Tiie friendlyintimacy between these two men wasinterrupted for about thirteen years of theirlife.Adams finally made the first advancestoward a restoration of their mutual friendship,which were gratefully accepted byJefferson.Mr. Adams was glad of his opportunityto retire to private lite, where he could resthis mind and enjoy the comforts of home.By a thousand bitter experiences he foundthe path of public duty a thorny one. Fortwenty-six years his service of the publicwas as arduous, self-sacrificing and devotedas ever fell to the lot of man. In one ini-[lortant sense he was as much the" Fatheroi his Country " as was Washington inanother sense. Du'ing these long years ofanxiety and toil, in which he was laying,broad and deep, the foundations of thegreatest nation the sun ever shone upon, hereceived from his impoverished country ameager support. The only privilege hecarried with him into his retirement wasthat of franking his letters.Although taking no active part in publicaffairs, both himself and his son, JohnQuincy, nobly supported the policy of Mr.Jefferson in resisting the encroachments ofEngland, who persisted in searchingAmerican ships on the high seas anddragging from them any sailors that mightbe designated by any pert lieutenant asBritish subjects. Even f(3r this noble supportMr. Adams was maligned by thousandsof bitter enemies ! On this occasion,for the first time since his retirement, hebroke silence and drew up a very ablepaper, exposing tiie atrocit}^ of the Britishpretensions.Mr. Adams outlived nearly allhis family.Though his physical frame began to giveway many years before his death, his mentalpowers retained tlieir strength and vigor tothe last. In his ninetieth year he wasgladdened by the popular elevation of hisson to the Presidential office, the highest inthe gift of the people. A few months morepassed away and the 4th of July, 1826.arrived. The people, unaware of the nearapproach of the end of two great livesthat of Adams and Jefferson— were makingunusual preparations for a national holiday.Mr. Adams lay upon his couch, listening tothe ringing of bells, the waftures of martialmusic and the roar of cannon, with silentemotion. Only four days before, he hadgiven for a public toast, " Independenceforever." About two o'clock in the afternoonhe said, "And Jefferson still survives."But he was mistaken by an hour or so:and in a few minutes he had breathed hislast.

PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES."•£#•—j'*J>->-;*t^jT Xi.V- «^-

'i^/c^ey/^/r^^

THOMAS JEFFERSON. nyoung widow, who owned 40,000 acres ofland and 130 slaves;yet he labored assiduouslyfor the abolition of slavery. For liisnew home he selected a majestic rise olland upon his large estate at Shad well,called Mt)nticello, whereon he erected amansion of modest yet elegant architecture.Here he lived in luxury, indulging his tastein magnificent, high-blooded horses.At this period the British Governmentgradually became more insolent and o|)-pressive toward the American colonies,and Mr. Jefferson was ever one of the mostforemost to resist its encroachments. Fromtime to time he drew up resolutions of remonstrance,which were finally adopted,thus proving his ability as a statesman andas a leader. By the year 1774 he becamequite busy, both with voice and pen, in defendingthe right of the colonies to defendthemselves. His pami:)hlet entitled: "ASummary View of the flights of BritishAmerica," attracted mucii attention in England.The following year he, in companywith George Washington, served as an executivecommittee in measures to defendby arms the State of Virginia. As a Memberof the Congress, he was not a speechmaker,yet in conversation and uponcommittees he was so frank and decisivethat he always made a favorable impression.But as late as the autumn of 1775 he remainedin hcjpes of reconciliation with theparent country.At length, however, the hour arrived fordraughting the " Declaration of Independence,"and this responsible task was devolvedupon Jefferson. Franklin, andAdams suggested a few verbal correctionsbef(3re it was submitted to Congress, whichwas June 28, 1776, only si.x days before itwas adopted. During the three days ofthe fiery ordeal of criticism through whichit passed in Congress, Mr. Jefferson openednot his lips. John Adams was the mainchamiMDn of the Declaration on the floorof Congress. The signing of this documentwas one of the most solemn and momentousoccasions ever attended to by man. Prayerand silence reigned throughout the hall,and each signer realized that if Americanindependence was not finally sustained byarms he was doomed to the scaffold.After the colonies became independentStates, Jefferson resigned for a time his seatin Congress in order to aid in organizingthe government of Virginia, of which Statehe was chosen Governor in 1779, when hewas thirty-six years of age. At this timethe Britisli had possession of Georgia andwere invading South Carolina, and at onetime a British officer, Farleton, sent asecret expedition to Monticello to capturethe Governor. Five minutes after Mr.Jefferson escaped with his family, his mansionwas in possession of the enemy ! TheBritish troops also destroyed his valuableplantation on the James River." Had theycurried off the slaves," said Jefferson, withcharacteristic magnanimity, " to give themfreedom, they woulil have done right."Tiie year 1781 was a gloomy one for theViiginia Governor. While confined to hissecluded home in the forest by a sick anddying wife, a party arose against iiimthroughout the State, severely criticisinghis course as Governor.Being very sensitiveto reproach, this touched him to the(juick, and the heap of troubles then surroundinghim nearly crushed him. He resolved,in despair, to retire from public lifefor the rest of liis days. For weeks Mr.Jefferson sat lovingly, but with a crushedheart, at the bedside of his sick wife, duringwhich time unfeeling letters were sent tohim, accusing him of weakness and unfaithfulnessto duty. All this, after he had lostso much propcrt\ and at the same time(.lone so much for his country ! After iierdeath he actually fainted away, and remainedso Ujutr insensible that it was fearedh c never wouK 1 recover! Several we;;ks

P/iESfDE.VTS OF THE U.VITED STATES.passed before he could fully recover hisequilibrium. He was never married asecond time.In the spring of 1782 the people of Englandcompelled their king to make to theAmericans overtures of peace, and in Novemberfollowing, Mr. Jefferson was reappointedby Congress, unanimously andwithout a single adverse remark, ministerplenipotentiary to negotiate a treaty.In March, 1784, Mr. Jefferson was appointedon a committee to draught a planfor the government of the NorthwesternTerritory. His slavery-prohibition clausein that plan was stricken out by the proslavery majority of the committee; but amidall the controversies and wrangles of politicians,he made it a rule never to contradictanybody or engage in any discussionas a debater.In company with Mr. Adams and Dr.Franklin, Mr. Jefferson was appointed inMay, 1784, to act as minister jjlenipotentiaryin the negotiation of treaties of commercewith foreign nations. Accordingly, he wentto Paris and satisfactoril)- accomplished hismission. The suavity and high bearing ofthe French his friends;his manner made alland even Mrs. Adams at one time wroteto her sister that he was " the chosenof the earth." But all the honors thathe received, both at home and abroad,seemed to make no change in the simplicityof his republican tastes. On his return toAmerica, he found two parties respectingthe foreigncommercial policy, Mr. Adamssym])athizing with that in favor of Englandand himself favoring France.On the inauguration of General Washingtonas President, Mr. Jefferson waschosen by him for the office of Secretary ofState. At this time the rising storm of theFrench Revolution became visible, andWashington watched it with great anxiety.His cabinet was divided in their views ofcunslitutional government as well as regardingthe issues in France. GeneralHamilton, Secretary of the Treasury, wasthe leader of the so-called Federal party,while Mr. Jefferson was the leader of theRepublican party. At the same time therewas a strong monarchical party in thiscountry, with which Mr. Adams sympathized.Some important financial measures,which were proposed by Hamilton andfinallv adopted by the cabinet and ajiprovedby Washington, were opposed by Mr.Jefferson ; and his enemies then began toreproach him with holding office under anadministration whose views he opposed.The President poured oil on the troubledwaters. On his re-election to the Presidencyhe desired Mr. Jefferson to remainin the cabinet, but the latter sent in hisresignation at two different times, probablybecause he was dissatisfied with some ofthe measures of the Government. Hisfinal one was not received until January i,1794, when General Washingtcjn partedfrom him with great regret.Jefferson then retired to his quiet homeat Monticello, to enjoy a good rest, not evenreading the newspapers lest the politicalgossip should disepiiet him. On the President'sagain calling him back to the officeof Secretary of State, he replied that nocircumstances would ever again tempt himto engage in an^'thing public ! But, whileall Europe was ablaze with war, and Francein the throes of a bloody revolution and theprincipal theater of the conflict, a newPresidential election in this country cameon. John Adams was the Federal candidateand Mr. Jefferson became the Republicancandidate. The result of the electionwas the promotion of the latter to the Vice-Presidency, while the former was chosenPresident. In this contest Mr. Jeffersonreally did not desire to hav^ either office,he was "so weary" of party strife. Heloved the retirement of home more thanany other place on the earth.

THOhfAS 'JEFFERSON. 25But f(ir four long years his Vice-Presidencypassed joylessly away, while thepartisan strife between Federalist and Republicanwas ever ^^rowing hotter. Theformer party split and the result of thefourth general election was the elevation ofMr. Jefferson to the Presidency ! withAaron Burr as Vice-President. These menbeing at the head of a growing party, theirelection was hailed everywhere with jo}-.On the other hand, many of the Federaliststurned pale, as they believed what a portionof the pulpit and the press had been preaching—thatJefferson was a " scoffing atheist,"a "Jacobin," the " incarnation of all evil,""" breathing threatening and slaughter !Mr. Jefferson's inaugural address containednothing but the noblest sentiments,expressed in fine language, and his personalbehavior afterward exhibited the extremeof American, democratic simplicit}'. Hisdisgust of European court etiquette grewup(5n him with age. He believed thatGeneral Washington was somewhat distrustfulof the ultimate success of a popularGovernment, and that, imbued with a littleadmiration of the forms of a monarchicalGovernment, he had instituted levees, birthda3's,pompous meetings with Congress,etc. Jefferson was always polite, even toslaves everywhere he met them, and carriedin his countenance the indications of an accommodatingdisp(3sition.The political principles of the Jeffersonianparty now swept the country, and Mr.Jefferson himself swayed an influence whichwas never exceeded even by Washington.Under his administration, in 1803, the Louisianapurchase was made, for $15,000,000,the " Louisiana Territory " purchased comprisingall the land west of the Mississippito the Pacific Ocean.The year 1804 witnessed another severeloss in his family. His highly accomplishedand most beloved daughter Maria sickenedand died, causing as great grief in thestricken parent as itwas possible for him tosurvive with any degree of sanity.The same year lie was re-elected to tl;ePresidency, with George Clinton as Vice-President. During his second term ourrelations with England became more complicated,and on June 22, 1807, near HamptonRoads, the United States frigateChesapeake was fired upon by the Britishman-of-war Le(jpard, and was madeto surrender. Three men were killed andten wounded. Jefferson demanded reparation.England grew insolent. It becamecvitlcnt that war was determined upon bythe latter power. More than 1,200 Americanswere forced into the British serviceupon the high seas. Before any satisfactorysolution was reached, Mr. Jeffers

26 PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES.Mxris? ivf^i)rs-()x.,''"'®^?^|> 6J3•- t^ '> t*5 '•

tZ-c^^"-^ /yC^ lic^^tr r'^/

:yAMES AfADIS ON. 191776 he was elected a member of thefnVirgmia Convention to frame the Constitutionof the State. Like Jefferson, he tookbut little part in the public debates. Hismain strengtii lay in his conversational influenceand in his pen. In November, 1777,he was chosen a member of tiie Council ofState, and in March, 1780, took his seat inthe Continental Congress, where he firstgained prominence through his energeticopposition to the issue of paper money bythe States. He continued in Congress threeyears, one of its most active and influentialmembers.In17S4 Mr. Madison was elected a memberof the Virginia Legislature. He renderedimportant service by promoting andparticipating in that revision of the statuteswhich effectually abolished the remnants ofthe feudal system subsistent up to thattime in the form of entails, primogeniture,and State support given the AnglicanChurch ; and his " Memorial and Remonstrance"against a general assessment forthe support of religion is one of the ablestpapers which emanated from his pen. Itsettled the question of the entire separationof church antl State in \'irginia.Mr. Jefferson says of him, in allusion tothe study and experience through which hehad already passed" Trained in these successive schools, heacquired a habit of self-possession whichplaced at ready command the rich resourcesof his lummous and discriminating mind andof his extensive information, and renderedhim the first of every assembly of which heafterward became a member. Never wanderingfrom his subject into vain declamation,but pursuing it closelv in languagepure, classical and copious, soothing alwaysthe feelings of his adversaries by civilitiesand softness of expression, he rose to theeminent station which he held in the greatNational Convention of 17S7 ;and in that ofVirginia, which followed, he sustained thenew Constitution in all its parts, bearing offthe palm against the logic of George Masonand the fervid declamation of PatrickHenry. With these consummate powerswere united a pure and spotless virtuewhich no calumny has ever attempted tosully. Of the power and polish of his pen,and of the wisdom of his administration inthe highest office of the nation, I need saynothing. They have spoken, and will foreverspeak, for themselves."In January, 1786, Mr. Madison took theinitiative in proposing a meeting of StateCommissioners to devise measures for moresatisfactory commercial relations betweenthe States. A meeting was held at Annapolisto discuss this subject, and but fiveStates were represented. The conventionissued another call, drawn up by Mr. Madison,urging allthe States to send their delegatesto Philadelphia, in May, 1787, todraught a Constitution for the UnitedStates. The delegates met at the time appointed,every State except Rhode Islandbeing represented. George Washingtonwas chosen president of the convention,and the present Constitution of the UnitedStates was then aiul there formed. Therewas no mind and no pen more active inframing this immortal tlocument than themind and pen of James Madison. He was,perhaps, its ablest advocate in the pages oftheFederalist-Mr. Madison was a member of the firstfour Congresses, 1789-97, in which he maintaineda moderate oppositi(jn to HaniiUon'sfinancial policy. He declined the missionto France and the Secretaryshii) of State,and, gradually identifying himself with theRepublican partv, became from 1792 itsavowed leader. In 1796 he was its choicefor the Presidency as successor to Washington.Mr. Jefferson wrote: "There isiKjt another person in the United Stateswith whom, being placed at the helm of ouraffairs, my mind would be so completely at

30 PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES.rest for the fortune of our political bark."But Mr. Madison declined to be a candidate.His term in Congress had expired,and he returned from New York to hisbeautiful retreat at Montpelier.In 1794 Mr. Madison married a youngwidow of remarkable powers of fascination— Mrs. Todd. Her maiden name was DorothyPaine. She was born in 1767, in Virginia,of Quaker parents, and had beeneducated in the strictest rules of that sect.When but eighteen years of age she marrieda young lawyer and moved to Philadelphia,where she was introduced to brilliant scenesof fashionable life. She speedily laid asidethe dress and address of the Quakeress, andbecame one of the most fascinating ladiesof the republican court. In New York,after the death of her husband, she was thebelle of the season and was surrounded withadmirers. Mr. Madison won the prize.She proved an invaluable helpmate. InWashington she was the life of society.If there was any diffident, timid younggirl just making her appearance, shefound in Mrs. Madison an encouragingfriend.During the stormy administration of JohnAdams Madison remained in private life,but was the auth(jr of the celebrated " Resolutionsof 1798," adopted by the V^irginiaLegislature, in condemnation of the Alienand Sedition laws, as well as of the " report"in which he defended those resolutions,which is, by many, considered his ablestState paper.The storm passed awa\' ; the Alien andSeditionlaws were repealed, Jolin Adamslost his re-election, and in1801 Thomas Jeffersonwas chosen President.The great reactionin public sentiment which seatedJefferson in the presidential chair was largelyowing to the writings of Madison, whowas consequently well entitled to the postof Secretary of State. With great abilitybe discharged the duties of this responsibleoffice during the eight years ofMr. Jefferson's administration.As Mr. Jefferson was a widower, andneither of his daughters could be often withhim, Mrs. Madison usually presided overthe festivities of the White House; and asher husband succeeded Mr. Jefferson, holdinghis office for two terms, this remarkablewoman was the mistress of the presidentialmansion for sixteen years.Mr. Madison being entirely engrossed bythe cares of his office, all the duties of sociallife devolved upon his accomplishedwife. Never were such responsibilitiesmore ably discharged. The most bitterfoes ofher husband and of the administrationwere received with the frankly profferedhand and the cordial smile of welcome;and the influence of this gentlewoman in allaving the bitterness of partyrancor became a great and salutary powerin the nation.As the term of Mr. Jefferson's Presidencydrew near its close, party strife was rousedto the utmost to elect his successor. It wasa death-grapple between the two greatparties, the Federal and Republican. Mr.Madison was chosen President by an electotal vote of 122 to 53, and was inauguratedMarch 4, 1S09, at a critical period, whenthe relations of the United States with GreatBritain were becoming embittered, and hisfirst term was passed in diplomaticquarrels,aggravated b)- the act of non-intercourse ofMay, 1 8 10, and finally resulting in a declarationof war.On the i8th of June, 1812, PresidentMadison gave his approval to an act ofCongress declaring war against Great Britain.Notwithstanding the bitter hostilityof the Federal party to the war, the countryin general approved; and in the autumnMadison was re-elected to the Presidencyby 128 electoral votes to 89 in favor ofGeorge Clinton.March 4, 18 17, Madison vieldcd the Presi-

yAMESdency to his Secretary of State and intimatefriend, James Monroe, and retired tohis ancestral estate at Montpelier, where hepassed the evening of his days surroundedby attached friends and enjoying- themerited respect of the whole nation. Hetook pleasure in promoting agriculture, aspresident of the county society, and inwatching the development of the Universityof Virginia, of which he was long rector andvisitor. In extreme old age he sat in 1829as a member of the convention called to reformthe Virginia Constitution, where hisappearance was hailed with the most genuineinterest and satisfaction, though hewas too infirm lo participate in the activework of revision. Small in stature, slenderand delicate in form, with a countenancefull of intelligence, and expressive alikemildness and dignity, he attracted the attentionof all who attended the convention,and was treated with the utmost deference.He seldom addressed the assembly, thoughhe always appeared self-possessed, andwatched witli unflagging interest the progressof every measure. Though the conventionsat sixteen weeks, he spoke onlytwice ; but when he did speak, the wholehouse paused to listen. His voice wasfeeble though his enunciation was very distinct.One of the reporters, Mr. Stansbury,relates the following anecdote of Mr. Madison'slast speech:" The next day, as there was a great callfor it,and the report had not been returnedfor publication, I sent my son with a respectfulnote, requesting the manuscript.My son was a lad of sixteen, whom I hadtaken with me to act as amanuensis. Ondelivering my note, he was received withthe utmost politeness, and requested tocome up into Mr. Madison's room and waitwhile his eye ran over the paper, as companyhad prevented his attending to it. Hedid so, and Mr. Madison sat down to correctthe report. The lad stood near him so thatofMAD/SON.his eye fell on the paper. Coming to acertain sentence in the speech, Mr. Madisonerased a word and substituted another ; buthesitated, and not feeling satisfiedwith thesecond word, drew his pen through it also.My son was young, ignorant of the world,and unc(jnsciousof the solecism of which hewas about to be guilty, when, in all simplicity,he suggested a word. Probably noother person then living would have takensuch a liberty. But the sage, instead olreoarding such an intrusion with a frown,raised his eyes to the boy's face with apleased surprise, and said, Thank you, sir ' ;it is the very word,' and immediately insertedit. I saw him the next day, and hementioned the circumstance, with a complimenton the young critic."Mr. Madison died at Montpelier, June 28,1836, at the advanced age of eighty-five.While not possessing the highest order oftalent, and deficient in oratorical powers,he was pre-eminently a statesman, of a wellbalancedmind. His attainments were solid,his knowledge copious, his judgment generallysound, his powers of analysisand logicalstatement rarely surpassed, his languageand literary style correct and polished, hisconversation witty, his temperament sanguineand trusfful, his integrity unquestioned,his manners simple, courteous andwinning. By these rare qualities he conciliatedthe esteem not only of friends, butof political opponents, in a greater degreethan any American statesman in the presentcentury.Mrs. Madison survived her husband thirteenyears, and died Jul}' 12, 1849, in theeighty-second year of her age. She was oneof the most remarkable women our countryhas produced. Even now she is admiringlyremembered in Washington as" Dolly Madison," and it is fitting that hermemory should descend to posterity incompany with thatof the companion ofher life.

.V PRES/DEXTS OF THE UNJTED STATES.i:s•JkSd^-' "*f I'€;^-^j Q^ 3.^j.:M:g?^ Mxij^f HI? ji;^-iS^iaJlS^lS.'lSPlSfia.'^:.'-^tAMES MONROE, the fifthPresident of the UnitedStates, i8i7-'25, wasbornin Westmoreland CountyVirginia, April 28, 1758.I Ic was a son of SpenceMonroe, and adescendantof a Scottish cavalier famil)-.Like all his predecessorsthus far in the Presidentialchair, he enjoyed allthe advantages of educationwhich the countrycould then afford. He wasearl}' sent to a fine classicalschool, and atthe age of sixteenentered William and Mary College..In 1776, when he had been in college buttwo years, the Declaration of Independencewas adopted, and our feeble militia, withoutarms, amunition or clothing, were strugglingagainst the trained armies o( England.James Monroe left college, hastened toGeneral Washington's headquarters at NewYork and enrolled himself as a cadet in thearmy.At Trenton Lieutenant Monroe so distinguishedhimsell, receiving a wound in hisshoulder, that he was promoted to a Captaincy.Upon recovering from his wound,he was invited to act as aide to Lord Sterling,and inthat capacity he took an activepart in the battles of Brandy wine, Germantownand Mcjnmoulh. At Germantownhe stood by the side of Lafayette when theFrench >Lirquis received his wound. GeneralWashington, who had formed a highidea of young Monroe's ability, sent him toVirginia to raise a new regiment, of whichhe was to be Colonel; but so exhausted wasVirginia at that time that the effort provedunsuccessful. He, however, received hiscommission.Finding no opportunity to enter the armyas a commissioned officer, he returned to hisoriginal plan of studying law, and enteredthe office of Thomas Jefferson, who wasthen Governorof Virginia. He developeda very noble character, frank, manly andsincere. Mr. Jefferson said of him:"James Monroe is so perfectly honestthat if his soul were turned inside out therewould not be found a spot on it."In 1782 he was elected to the Assemblyof Virginia, and was also appointed a memberof the Executive Council. The nextyear he was chosen delegate tothe ContinentalCongress for a term of three years.He was present at Annapolis when Washingtonsurrendered his commission of Commander-in-chief.With Washington, Jefferson and Madisonhe felt deeply the inefficiency of the oldArticles of Confederation, and urged theformation of a new Constitution, whichshould invest the Central Government withsomething like national power. Influencedbv these views, he introduced a resolution

^-v-/ A'f'^Z^^y-r^,^ ^

yAMES MONROE. 35that Congress should be empowered toregulate trade, and to lay an impost dutyof five per cent. The resolution was referredto a committee of which he was chairman.The report and the discussion wliichrose upon it led to the convention of fiveStates at Annapolis, and the consequentgeneral convention at I-*hiladelphia, which,in 1787, drafted the Constitution of theUnited States.At this tune there was a controversy betweenNew York and Massachusetts inreference to their boundaries. The highesteem in which Colonel Monroe was heldis indicated by the fact that he was appointedone of the jutiges to decide thecontroversy. While in New York attendingCongress, lie married Miss Kortright,a young lady distinguished alike for herbeauty and accomplishments. For nearl}'fifty years this happy uni

36 P/iES/DENTS OF THE UN/TED STATES.tweeii tlic two naticjiis. Tlic flags of thetwo republics wt-rc intertwined in the hallof the convention. Mr. Monroe presentedthe American colors, and received those ofFrance in return. The course which hepursued in Paris was so annoying to Englandand to the friends of England inthis country that, near the close of Washington'sadministration, Mr. Monroe, wasrecalled.After his return Colonel Monroe wrote abook of 400 pages, entitled " A View of theConduct of the Executive in Foreign Affairs."In this work he very ably advocatedhis side of the question; but, withthe magnanimity of the man, he recorded awarm tribute to the patriotism, ability andspotless integrity of John Jay, betweenwhom and himself there was intense antagonism; and in subsequent 3'ears he expressedin warmest terms his perfectveneration for the character of GeorgeWashington.Shortly after his return to this countryColonel Monroe was elected Governor ofVirginia, and held that office for threeyears, the period limited by the Constitution.In 1802 he was an Envoy to France,and to Spain in 1805, and was Minister toEngland in 1803. In i8o6 he returned tohis quiet home in Virginia, and with hiswife and children and an ample competencefrom liis paternal estate, enjoyed a few yearsof (hjmestic repose.In 1809 Mr. JefTerson's second term ofoffice expired, and many of the Rei)ul)licanparty were anxious to nominate JamesMonroe as his successor. The majoritvwere in favor of Mr. Madison. Mr. Monroewithdrew his name and was soon afterchosen a second time Governor of Virginia.He soon resigned that office to accept theposition of Secretary of State, offered himby President Madison. The correspondencewhich he then carried on with theBritish Government demonstrated thatthere was no hope of any peaceful adjustmentof our difficulties with the cabinet ofSt. James. War was consequently declaredin June, 1812. Immediately after the sackof Washington the Secretary of War resigned,and Mr. Monroe, at the earnestrequest of Mr. Madison, assumed the additionalduties of the War Department,without resigning his position as Secretaryof State. It has been confidently stated,that, had Mr. Monroe's energies been in theWar Department a few months earlier, thedisaster at Washington would not haveoccurred.The duties now devolving upon Mr. Monroewere extremely arduous. Ten thousandmen, picked from the veteran armiesof Englanil, were sent with a powerful fleetto New Orleans to acquire possession ofthe mouths of the Mississippi. Our financeswere in the most deplorable condition.The treasury was exhausted and our creditgone. And yet it was necessary to makethe most rigorous preparations to meet thefoe.In this crisis James Monroe, the Secretaryof W^ar, with virtue unsurpassed inGreek or Roman story, stepped forwardand pledged his own individual credit assubsidiary to that of the nation, and thussucceeded in placing the city of New Orleansin such a posture of defense, that itwas enabled snccessfuUv to repel the invader.Mr. Monroe was truly the armor-bearerof President Madison, and the most efficientbusiness man in his cabinet. His energyin the double capacity of Secretary, bt^thof State and War, pervaded all the departmentsof the country. He proposed toincrease the army to 100,000 men, a measurewhich he deemed absolute!}' necessaryto save us from ignominious defeat, butwhich, at the same time, he knew wouldrender his name so unpopular as to precludethe possibility of his being a successful candidatefor the Presidency.

fAMES MONROE.yjThe happy result of the conference atGhent in securing peace rendered the increaseof the army unnecessary; but it is nottoo much to say that James Monroe placedin the hands of Andrew Jackson theweapon with which to beat off the foe atNew Orleans. Upon the return of peaceMr. Monroe resigned the department ofwar, devoting himself entirely to the dutiesof Secretary of State. These he continuedto discharge until the close of PresidentMadison's administration, with zeal whichwas never abated, and with an ardor ofself-devotion which made him almost forgetfulof the claims of fortune, health orlife.Mr. Madison's second term expired inMarch, 1817, and Mr. Monroe succeededto the Presidency. He was a candidate ofthe Republican party, now taking the nameof the Democratic Republican. In 1821 hewas re-elected, with scarcely any opposition.Out cf 232 electoral votes, he received 231.The slavery question, which subsequentlyassumed such ft)rmidable dimensions, nowbegan to make its appearance. The Stateof Missouri, which had been carved out ofthat immense territory which we had purchasedof France, applied for admission tothe Union, with a slavery Constitution.There were not a few who foresaw theevils impending. After the debate of aweek it was decided that Missouri couldnot be admitted into the Union with slavery.This important question was at lengthsettled by a compromise proposed byHenry Clay.The famous " Monroe Doctrine," of whichso much has been said, originated in thisway: In 1823 it was rumored that theHoly Alliance was about to interfere toprevent the establishment of Republicanliberty in the European colonies of SouthAmerica. President Monroe wrote to hisold friend Thomas Jefferson for advice inthe emergency. In his reply under date ofOctober 24,Mr. Jefferson writes upon thesupposition that our attempt to resist thisEuropean movement might lead to war:" Its object is to introduce and establishthe American system of keeping out of ourland all foreign powers; of never permittingthose of Europe to intermeddle with theaffairs of our nation. It is to maintain ourown principle, not to depart from it."December 2, 1823, President Monroesent a message to Congress, declaring it tobe the policy of this Government not toentangle ourselves with the broils of Europe,and not to allow Europe to interferewith the affairs (jf nations on the Americancontinent; and the doctrine was announced,that any attempt on the part of the Europeanpowers " to extend their system toany portion of this hemisphere would beregai^ded by the United States as dangerousto our peace and safety."March 4, 1825, Mr. Monroe surrenderedthe presidential chair to his Secretary ofState, John Quincy Adams, and retired,with the universal respect of the nation,to his private residence at Oak Hill, LoudounCounty, Virginia. His time had beenso entirely consecrated to hiscountry, thathe had neglected his pecuniary interests,and was deeply involved in debt. Thewelfare of his coimtry had ever been uppermostin his mind.For many years Mrs. Monroe was in suchfeeble health that she rarely appeared inpublic. In 1830 Mr. Monroe took up hisresidence with his son-in-law in New York,where he died on the 4th of July, 1831.The citizens of New York conducted hisobsequies with pageants more imposingthan had ever been witnessed there before.Our country will ever cherish his memorywith pride, gratefully enrolling hisname in the list of its benefactors, pronouncinghim the worthy successor of the illustriousmen who had preceded him in thepresidential chair.

38 PRESIDENTS OF THE UN/TED STATES.tions of superior mental endowments.hisOHN QUINCY ADAMS,the sixth President of theUnited States, 1825-9,was born in tlic luralhome of his honoredfather, John Adams, inQ u i n c y Massachusetts,,Jidy II, 1767. His mother,a woman of exalted worth,watched over his childhoodduring the almost constantabsence of his father. Hecommcnctfl his educationatthe village school, givingat an early period indica-When eleven years of age hesailed withfather for Europe, where the latter wasassociated with Franklin and Lee as MinisterPlenipotentiary. The intelligence of JohnQuincy attracted the attention of these menand received from them flattering marks ofattention. Mr. Atlams had scarcely returnedto this country in 1779 ere he was againsent abroad, and John Quincy again accompaniedhim. On this voyage he commenceda diary, which practice he continued, withbut few interruptions, until his death- Hejourneyed with his father from Ferrol, inSpain, to Paris. Here he applied himselffor six months to study; then accompaniedhis father to Holland, where he entered,first a school in Amsterdam, and then theUniversit}' of Leyden. In 1781, when onlyfourteen years of age, he was selected byMr. Dana, our Minister to the Russiancourt, as his private secretary. In thisschool of incessant labor he spent fourteenmonths, and then returned alone to Hollandthrough Sweden, Denmark, Hamburg andBremen. Again he resumed his studiesunder a private tutor, at The Hague.In the spring of 1782 he accompanied hisfather to Paris, forming acquaintancewiththe most distinguished men on the Continent.After a short visit to England, he returnedto Paris and studied until May,1785, wiicn he returned to America, leavinghis father an embassador at the courtof St. Jaincs. In 17S6 he entered ttie juniorclass in Harvard University, and graduatedwith the second honor of his class.The oration he delivered on this occasion,_the " Importance of Public Faith to theWell-being of a Community," was published—anevent very rare in this or anyother land.Upon leaving college at the age of twentyhe studied law three years with the Hon.Thcophilus Parsons in Newburyport. In1790 he opened a law office in Boston. Theprofession was crowded with able men, andthe fees were small. The first year he had

J, 2 . J^lcinry^

JOHN ^CriNCi-ADAMS.no clients, but not a moment was lost.Thesecond year passed away, still no clients,and still he was dependent upon his parentsfor support. Anxiously he awaited thethird year. The reward now came. Clientsbegan to enter his office, and beforethe end of the year he was so crowdedwith business that all solicitude respectinga support was at an end.When Great Britain commenced waragainst France, in 1793, Mr. Adams wrotesome articles, urging entire neutrality onthe part of the United .States. The viewwas not a popular one. Many felt that asFrance had helped us, we were bound toht'p France. But President Washingtoncoincided with Mr. Adams, and issuedhisproclamation of neutrality. His writingsat this time in the Boston journals gavehim so higli a reputation, that in June,1794, he was appointed b)' Washingtonresident Minister at the Netherlands. InJuly. 1797. he left The Hague to go to Portugalas Minister Plenipotentiary. Washin

4' PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES.of Representatives. Mr. Clay gave thevote of Kentucky to Mr. Adams, and hewas elected.The friends of all disappointed candidatesnow combined in a venomous assault uponMr. Adams. There is nothing more disgracefulin the past history of our countrythan the abuse which was poured in oneuninterrupted stream upon this highminded,upright, patriotic man. There wasnever an administration more pure in principles,more conscientiously devoted to tiicbest interests of the country, than that ofJohn Ouincv Adams; and never, perhaps,was there an administration more unscrupulousl)'assailed.Mr. Adams took his seatin the presidential chair resolved not toknow any partisanship, but only to consultfor the interests of the whole Republic,He refused to dismiss any man from f)fficefor his political views.If he was a faitlifulofTicer that was enougii. Bitter nuisthave been his disappointment to find that theNation could not appreciate such conduct.Mr. Adams, in liis public maimers, wascold and repulsive; tiu)ugli with his personalfriends he was at times very genial.This chilling address very seriously detractedfrom his popularity. No one canread an impartial lecord of his administrationwithout admitting tliat a more nobleexample of uncompromising dignity canscarcely be found. It was stated publiclythat Mr. Adams' administration was to beput down, " though it be as pure as the angelswhich stand at the right hand of thethrone of God." Many of the active participantsinthese scenes lived to regret thecourse they pursued. Some 3'ears after,Warren R. Davis, of South Carolina, turningto Mr. Adams, then a member of theHouse of l^epresentatives, said:" Well do I remember the enthusiasticzeal with which we reproached tiie administrationof that gentleman, and the ardorand vehemence with which wc labored tobring in another. For the share I had inthese transactions, and it was not a smallone, I hope God will forgive me, for I shallnever forgive myself!'March 4, 1829, Mr. Adams retired fromthe Presidency and was succeeded by AndrewJackson, the latter receiving 168 outof 261 electoral votes. John C. Calhounwas elected Vice-President. The slaveryquestion now began to assume pretentiousmagnitude. Mr. Adams returned toOuinc}', and pursued his studies with imabatedzeal. But he was not long permittedto remain in retirement. In November,1830, he was elected to Congress. In thishe recognized the principle that it is honorablefor the General of yesterdav to act asCorporal to-day, if by so doing he can renderservice to his country. Deep as areour obligations to John Qnincy Adams forhis services as embassador, as Secretary ofState and as President; in his capacity aslegislator in the House of Representatives,he conferred benefits upon our landwhich eclipsed all the rest, and wiiicii cannever be over-estimated.For seventeen )-ears, until his death, heoccupied the post of Representative, toweringabove all his peers, ever ready to dobrave battle for freedom, and winning thetitle of " the old man eloquent." Upontaking his seat in the House he announcedthat he sliould hold himself bound to noparty. Me was usually the first in hisplace in tin- morning, and the last to leavehis seat in the evening. Not a measurecould escape his scrutiny. The battlewhich he fought, almost singly, against thepro-slavery party in theGovernment, wassublime in its moral daring and heroism.For persisting in presenting j)ctitions forthe abolition of slavery, he was threatenedwith indictment by the Grand Jury, witiiexpulsion from the House, with a.ssassination;but no threats could intimidate hina,and his final triumpii was complete.

JOHN ^UINCr ADAMS.43On one occasion Mr. Adams presented apetition, signed by several women, againstthe annexation of Texas for the purpose ofcutting it up into slave States. Mr. Howard,of Maryland, said that these womendiscredited not only themselves, but theirsection of the country, by turning fromtheir domestic duties to the conflicts ofpoliticallife."Are women," exclaimed Mr. Adams," to have no opinions or actions on subjectsrelating to the general welfare ? Wheredid the gentleman get principle? Didhe find it in sacred history.— in the languageof Miriam, the prophetess, in one of thenoblest and sublime songsof triumph thatever met the human eve or ear? Did thegentleman never hear of Deborah, to whomthe children of Israel came up for judgment? Has he forgotten the deed of Jael,who slew the dreaded enemy of her country? Has he forgotten Esther, who, by herpetition saved her people and her country?" To go from sacred history to profane,does the gentleman there find it ' discreditable'for women to take an interest in politicalaffairs? Has he forgotten the Spartanmother, who said to her son when goingout to battle, My son, come back to me'witli thy shield, or upon thy shield ?' Doeshe remember Cloelia and her hundred companions,who swam across theriver unir^era shower of darts, escaping from Porsena ?Has he forgotten Cornelia, the mother ofthe Gracchi? Does he not remember Portia,the wife of Brutus and the daughter ofCato?" To come to later periods, what says thehistory of our Anglo-Saxon ancestors ?To say nothing of Boadicea, the Britishheroine in the time of the Cajsars, whatname is more illustrious than that of Elizabeth? Or, if he will go to the continent,will he not find the names of Maria Theresaot Hungary, of the two Catherines ofPrussia, and of Isabella of Castile, the patronessof Columbus ? Did she bring ' discredit' on her sex by mingling in politics ?In this glowing strain Mr. Adams silencedand overwhelmed hisantagonists.In January, 1842, Mr. Adams presenteda petition from forty-five citizens of Haverhill,Massachusetts, praying for a peaceabledissolution of the Union. The pro-slaveryparty in Congress, who were then plottingthe destruction of the Government, werearoused to a pretense of commotion such aseven our stormy hall of legislation hasrarely witnessed. They met in caucus, and,finding that they probably would not beable to expel Mr. Adams from the Housedrew up a series of resolutions, which, ifadopted, would inflict upon him disgrace,equivalent to expulsion. Mr. Adams hadpresented the petition, which was most respectfullyworded, and had moved that it bereferred to a committee instructed to reportan answer, showing the reason wh>the prayer ouglitnot to be granted.It was the 25th of Januar3^ The wholebody of the pro-slavery party came crowdingtogether in the House, prepared tocrush Mr. Adams forever. One of the number,Thomas F. Marshall, of Kentucky, wasappointed to read the resolutions, whichaccused Mr. Adams of high treason, ofhaving insulted the Government, and 01meriting expulsion; but for which deservedpunishment, the House, in its great mercy,would substitute its severest censure. Withthe assumption of a very solemn and magisterialair,there being breathless silence inthe audience, Mr. Marshall liurled the carefullyprepared anathemas at his victim.Mr. Adams stood alone, the whole pro-slaveryparty against him.As soon as the resolutions were read,every eye being fixed upon him, that boldold man, whose scattered locks were whitenedby seventy-five years, casting a witheringglance in the direction of his assailants>"

44 PFESfDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES.in a clear, shrill tone, tremulous with suppressedemotion, said:"In reply to this audacious, atrociouschargfe of higrh treason, I call for the readingof the first paragraph of the Declarationof Independence. Read it ! Read it ! andsee what that says of therights of a peopleto reform, to change, and to dissolve theirGovernment.'The attitude, the manner, the tone, thewords; the venerable old man, with flashingeye and flushed cheek, and whose veryform seemed to expand under the inspirationof the occasion— all presented a scene overflowingin its sublimity. There was breathlesssilence as that paragraph was read, indefense of whose principles our fathers hadpledged their lives, their fortunes and theirsacred honor. It was a proud hour to Mr.Adams as they were all compelled to listento the words:" That, to secure these rights, governmentsare instituted among men, derivingtheir just powers from the consent of thegoverned; and that whenever any form ofgovernment becomes destructive of thoseends, it is the right of the people to alter orabolish it, and to institute new government,laying its foundations on such principlesand organizing its powers in such formas shall seem most likely to effect theirsafety and happiness."That one sentence routed and baffled thefoe. The heroic old man looked aroundupon the audience, and thundered out," Read that again "! It was again read.Then in a few fiery, logical words he statedhis defense in terms which even prejudicedminds could not resist. His discomfitedassailants made several attempts to rally.After a conflict of eleven days they gaveup vanquished and their resolution was ignominiouslylaid upon the table.In January, 1846, when seventy-eightyears of age, he took part in the great debateon the Oregon question, displayingintellectual vigor, and an extent and accuracyof acquaintance with the subject thatexcited great admiration.On the 2ist of Februarv, 1848, he rose onthe floor of Congress with a paper in hishand to address the Speaker. Suddenlyhe fell, stricken bv paral3'sis, and was caughtin the arms of those around him. For atime he was senseless and was conveyedto a sofa in the rotunda. With revivingconsciousness he opened his eyes, lookedcalmly around and said, " This is the end ofearth." Then after a moment's pause, headded, " / am content." These were his lastwords, and he soon breathed his last, in theapartment beneath the dome of the capitol— -the theater of his labors and his triumphs.In the language of hymnology, he " died athis post;" he " ceased at once to work andlive."

^z

ANDREW yACKSON.47?Si- '^^' "" ' fv^^f^":""""•"•""""" '" "'^"^I^gy!..;;:.=::......^.^^-^ J>1^"^"^NDREW JACKSON,the seventh Presidentt^ of the United States,i829-'37, was born atthe Waxhaw Settle.-,-.-.-,T- ' j'^ ment, Union Coun-t}-. North Carolina,"*March i6, 1767. His parentswere Scotch-Irish, natives ofCarrickfergus, who came toAmerica in 1765, and settledon Twelve-Mile Creek, a tributaryof the Catawba. Hisfather, who was a poor farmlaborer, died shortly before Andrew'sbirth, when his mother removed toWaxhaw, where some relatives resided.Few particulars of the childhood of Jacksonhave been preserved. His educationwas of the most limited kind, and he showedno fondness for books. He grew up to be atall, lank boy, with coarse hair and freckledcheeks, with bare feet dangling fromtrousers too short for him, very fond of athleticsports, running, boxing and wrestling.He was generous to the younger andweaker boys, but very irascible and overbearingwith his equals and superiors. Hewas profane—a vice in which he surpassedall other men. The character of his motherhe revered; and it was not until after herdeath that his predominant vices gainedfull strength.In 1780, at the age of thirteen, Andrew,or Andy, as he was called, with his brotherRobert, volunteered to serve in the Revolutionaryforces under General Sumter, andwas a witness of the latter's defeat at HangingRock. In the following year thebrothers were made prisoners, and confinedin Camden, experiencing brutal treatmentfrom their captors, and being spectators ofGeneral Green's defeat at Hobkirk Hill.Through their mother's exertions the boyswere exchanged" while suffering from smallpox.In two days Robert was dead, andAndy apparently dying. The strength ofhis constitution triumphed, and he regainedhealth and vigor.As he was getting better, his motherheard the cry of anguish from the prisonerswhom the British held in Charleston,among whom were thesons of her sisters.She hastened to their relief, was attackedby fever, died and was buried where hergrave could never be found. Thus AndrewJackson, when fourteen years of age, wasleft alone in the world, without father,mother, sister or brother, and without onedollar which he could call his own. He

48 PRES/DEXTS OF Tfi£ UN/TED STATES.soon entered asaddler's shop, and laboreddiligently for six months. But graduall}-,as health returned, he became more andmore a wild, reckless, lawless boy- Hegambled, drank and was regarded as aboutthe worst character that could be found.He now turned schoolmaster. He couldteach the alphabet, perhaps the multiplicationtable; and as he was a very bold bo)'.it is possible he might have ventured toteach a little writing. But he soon began tothink of a profession and decided to studylaw. With a very slender purse, and onthe back of a very fine horse, he set outfor Salisbury, North Carolina, where heentered the law office of Mr. McCaj'.Here he remained two years, professedlystudying law. He is still remembered intraditions of Salisbury, which say:" Andrew Jackson was the most roaring,rollicking, horse-racing, card-playing, mischievousfellow thatever lived in Salisbury.He did not trouble the law-books much."Andrew was now, at the age of twenty,a tall young man, being over six feet inheight. He was slender, remarkably gracefuland dignified in his manners, anexquisitehorseman, and developed, amidst hisloathesome profanity and multiform vices, avein of rare magnanimity. His temper wasfiery in the extreme; but it' was said of himthat no man knew better than AndrewJackson when to get angry and when not.In 1786 he was admitted to the bar, andtwo years later removed to Nashville,in what was then the western district ofNorth Carolina, with the appointment of solicitor,or public prosecutor. It was an officeof little honor, small emolument andgreat peril. Few men could be found toaccept it.And now Andrew Jacksoncommencedvigorously to practice law. It was an importantpart of his business to collect debts.It required nerve. During the first sevenyears of his residence in those wilds hetraversed the almost pathless forest betweenNashville and Jonesborough, a distance200 miles, twenty-two times. Hostile Indianswere constantl}- on the watch, and aman was liable at any moment to be shotdown in his own field. Andrew Jacksonwas just the man for this service—a wild,daring, rough backwoodsman. Daily hemade hair-breadth escapes. He seemed tobear a charmed life. Boldlv, alone or withfew companions, he traversed the forests,encountering all perils and triumphingover all.In 1790 Tennessee became a Territory,and Jackson was appointed, by PresidentWashington, United States Attorney forthe new district. In 1791 he married Mrs.Rachel Robards (daughter of Colonel JohnDonelson), whom he supposed to have beendivorced in that year by an act of the Legislatureof Virginia. Two years after thisMr. and Mrs. Jackson learned, to theirgreat surprise, that Mr. Robards had justobtained a divorce in one of the courts ofKentucky, and that the act of the VirginiaLegislature was not final, but conditional.To remedy the irrcgularitv as much as possible,a new license was obtained and themarriage ceremony was again performed.It proved to be a marriage of rare felicity.Probably there never was a moreaffectionate union. However rough Mr.Jackson might have been abroad, he wasalways gentle and tender at home; andthrough all the vicissitudes of their lives, hetreated Mrs. Jackson with the most chivalricattention.Under the circumstances it was not unnaturalthat the facts in the case of thismarriage were so misrepresented by opponentsin the political campaigns a quarterof seriousor a century later as to become the basischarges against Jackson's moralitywhich, however, have been satisfactorilyattested by abundant evidence.Jackson was untiring in his duties asof

A.VDREW yACk'SOM. 49United States Attorney, which (lemaiidedfrequent journeys through the wildernessand exposed him to Indian hostilities. Heacquired considerable property in- land, andobtained such intluence as to be chosena member of the convention which framedthe Constitution for the new State of Tennessee,in 1796, and in that year was electedits first Representative in Congress. AlbertGallatin thus describes the first appearanceof the Hon. Andrew Jackson in the House:" A tall, lank, uncouth-looking personage,with locks of hair hanging over his face anda cue down hisback, tied with an eel skin;his dress singular, his manners and deportmentthose of a rough backwoodsman."Jackson was an earnest advocate of theDemocratic party. Jefferson was his idol.He admired Bonaparte, loved France andhated England. As Mr. Jackson took hisseat. General Washington, whose secondterm of office was just expiring, deliveredhis last speech to Congress. A committeedrew up a complimentary address in reply.Andrew Jackson did not approve the addressand was one of twelve who votedagainst it.Tennessee had fitted out an expeditionagainst the Indians,contrary to the policyof the Government. A resolution was introducedthat the National Governmentshould pay the expenses. Jackson advocatedit and it was carried. This renderedhim very popular in Tennessee. A vacancychanced soon after to occur in theSenate, and Andrew Jackson was chosenUnited States Senator by the State of Tennessee.John Adams was then Presidentand Thomas Jefferson, Vice-President.In 1798 Mr. Jackson returnedto Tennessee,and resigned his seat in the Senate.Soon after he was chosen Judge of the SupremeCourt of that State, with a salary of$600. This oflice he held six years. It issaid that his decisions, though sometimesungrammatical, were generally right. Hedid not enjov his seat upon the bench, andrenounced the dignity in 1804. Aboutthis time he was chosen Major-General ofmilitia, and lost the title of judge in that ofGeneral.When he retired from the Senate Chamber,he decided to try his fortune throughtrade. He purchased a stock of goods inPhiladelphia and sent them to Nashville,where he opened a store. He lived aboutthirteen miles from Nashville, on a tract ofland of several thousand acres, mostly uncultivated.He used a small block-housefor a store, from a narrow window ofwhich he sold goods to the Indians. As hehad an assistant his office as judge did notmaterially interfere with his business.As to slavery, born in the midst of it, theidea never seemed to enter his mind that itcould be wrong. He eventually becamean extensive slave owner, buthe was one ofthe most humane and gentle of masters.In 1804 Mr. Jackson withdrew from politicsand settled on a plantation which hecalled the Hermitage, near Nashville. Heset up a cotton-gin, formed a partnershipand traded in New Orleans, making thevoyage on flatboats. Through his hot temperhe became involved in several quarrelsand " affairs of honor," during this period,in one of which he was severely wounded,but had the misfortune to kill his opponent,Charles Dickinson. For a time this affairgreatly injured General Jackson's popularity.The verdict then was, and continuesto be, that General Jackson was outrageouslywrong. If he subsequently felt anyremorse he never revealed it to anyone.In 1805 Aaron Burr had visited Nashvilleand been a guest of Jackson, withwhom he corresponded on the subject ofawar with Spain, which was anticipated anddesired by them, as well as by the peopleof the Southwest generally.Burr repeated his visit in September,1806, when he engaged in the celeorated

SP PREJIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES.combinations which led to his trial for treason.He was warmly received by Jackson,at whose instance a public ball was givenin his honor at Nashville, and contractedwith the latter for boats and provisions.Early in 1807, when Burr had been proclaimeda traitor by President Jefferson,volunteer forces for the Federal servicewere organized at Nashville under Jackson'scommand; but his energy and activitydid not shield him from suspicions ofconnivance in the supposed treason. Hewas summoned to Richmond as a witnessin Burr's trial, but was not called to thestand, probably because he was out-spokenin his partisanship.On the outbreak of the war with GreatBritain in 1812, Jackson tendered his services,and in January, 181 3, embarked forNew Orleans at the head of the Tennesseecontingent. In March he received an orderto disband his forces; but in Septemberhe again took tlie field, in the Creekwar, and in ctiujunction with his formerpartner. Colonel Coffee, inflicted upon theIndians the memorable defeat at Talladega,Emuckfaw and Tallapoosa.In May, 1814, Jackson, who had now acquireda national reputation, was appointeda Major-General of the United States army,and commenced a campaign against theBritish in Florida. He conducted the defenseat Mobile, September 15, seized uponFensacola, November 6, and innnediatelytransported the bulk of his troops to NewOrleans, then threatened by a powerfulnaval force. Martial law was declared inLouisiana, the State militia was called toarms, engagements with the British werefought December 23 and 28, and after re-enforcementshad been received on both sidestie famous victory of January 8, 1815,crowned Jackson's fame as a soldier, andmade him the typical American hero ofthe firsthalf of the nineteenth century.In i8i7-'i8 Jackson conducted the waragainst the Seminoles of Florida, duringwhich he seized upon Fensacola and executedby courtmartial two British subjects,Arbuthnot and Ambrister acts whichmight easily have involved the UnitedStates in war both with Spain and GreatBritain. Fortunately the peril was avertedby the cession of Florida to the UnitedStates; and Jackson, who had escaped atrial for the irregularity of his conductonly through a division of opinion in Monroe'scabinet, was appointed in 1821 Governorof the new Territory. Soon after hedeclined the appointment of minister toMexico.In 1823 Jackson was elected to the UnitedStates Senate, and nominated by the TennesseeLegislature for the Presidency. Thiscandidacy, though a matter of surprise, andeven merryment, speedily became popular,and in 1824, when the stormy electoral canvasresulted in the choice of John QuincyAdams by the House ofRepresentatives,General Jackson received the largt^st popularvote among the four candidates.In 1828 Jackson was triumphantly electedPresident over Adams after a campaign ofunparalleled bitterness. He was inauguratedMarch 4, 1829, and at once removedfrom office all the incumbents belonging tothe opposite party—a procedure new toAmerican politics, but which naturally becamea precedent.His first term was characterized by quarrelsbetween the Vice-President, Calhoun,and the Secretary of State, Van Buren, attendedby a cabinet crisis originating inscandals connected with the name of Mrs.General Eaton, wife of the Secretary ofWar; by the beginning of his war upon theUnited States Bank, and by his vigorousaction against the partisans of Calhoun,who, in South Carolina, threatened tonullify the acts of Congress,protective tariff.establishing ain the Presidential campaign of 1S32

ANDREW yACh'SON. 5'Jackson received 219 out of 288 electoralvotes, his competitor being Mr. Clay, whileMr. Wirt, on an Anti-Masonic platform,received the vote of Vermont alone. In1833 President Jackson removed the Governmentdeposits from the United Statesbank, thereby incurring a vote of censurefrom the Senate, whicli was, however, expungedfour years later. During this secondterm of office the Cherokees, Choctaws andCreeks were removed, not without difficulty,from Georgia, Alabama and Mississippi,to the Indian Territory; the Nationaldebt was extinguished; Arkansas andMichigan were admitted as States to theUnion; the Seminole war was renewed; theanti-slavery agitation first acquired importance;the Mormon delusion, which hadorganized in 1829, attained considerableproportions in Ohio and Missouri, and thecountry experienced its greatest pecuniarypanic.Railroads with locomotive propulsionwere irtrodured into America during Jackson'sfirst term, and had become an importantelement of national life before theclose of his second term. For many reasons,therefore, the administration of PresidentJackson formed an era in Americanhistory, political, social and industrial.He succeeded in effecting the election ofhis friend Van Buren as his successor, retiredfrom the Presidency March 4, 183/:and led a tranquil life at the Hermitageuntil his death, which occurred June 8,1845.During his closing years he was a professedChristian and a member of the Presbyterianchurch. No American of thiscentury has been the subject of such oppositejudgments. He was loved and hatedwith equal vehemence during his life, butat the present distance of time from hiscareer, while opinions still vary as to themerits of his public acts, few of his countrymenwill question tiiat he was a warmhearteri,brave, patriotic, honest and sincereman. If his distinguishing qualities werenot such as constitute statesmanship, in thehighest sense, he at least never pretendedto other merits than such as were writtento his credit on the page of American history—notattempting to disguise the demeritswhich were equally legible. Themajority of his countrymen accepted andhonored iiim, in spite of all tiiat calumnyas well as truth could allege against him.His faults may therefore be truly said tohave been those of his time; his magnificentvirtues may also, witii the same justice,be considered as typical of a state (Jsociety which has nearly passed away.

:"tJO;52 PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES.^2i^^^t •>,t;7>,(j_*>jt;_n,t;-^ty^»,t7>,^;?5l^^

^/^ 7 2' 2- ^^ i-L^'-f^ ^^^.^^^t^

;MARTIN VAN BUREN. 55State by President Jackson, but lesis^nedin April, 183 1, and during tlie recess ofCongress was appointed minister to England,whither he proceeded in September,but the Senate, when convened in December,refused to ratify the appointment.In May, 1S32, Mr. Van Buren was nominatedas the Democratic candidate for Vice-President, and elected in the followingNovember. May 26, 1836, he received thenomination to succeed General Jackson asPresident, and received 170 electoral votes,out of 283.Scarcely had he taken iiis seat m thePresidential chair when a financial panicswept over the land. Many attributedthis to the war which General Jackson hadwaged on the banks, and to his endeavor tosecure an almost exclusive specie currency.Nearl}' every bank in the country was compelledto suspend specie payment, and ruinpervaded ail our great cities. Not less than254 houses failed in New York in one week.All public works were brought to a stand,and there was a general state of dismay.President Van Buren urged the adoption ofthe independent treasury system, whichwas twice passed in the Senate and defeatedin the House, but fir.ally became a law nearthe close of his administration.Another important measure was the passageof a pre-emption law, giving actual settlersthe preference in tlie purchase ofpublic lands. The question of slavery, also,now began to assume great prominence innational politics, and after an elaborateanti-slavery speech by Mr. Slade, of Vermont,in the House ot Representatives, theSouthern members withdrew for a separateconsultation, at which Mr. Rhett, of SouthCarolina, proposed to declare it e.vpedientthat the Union should be dissolved ; butthe matter was tided over by the passageof a resolution that no petitions or papersrelating to slavery should be in any wayconsidered or acted upon.In the Presidential election of 1840 Mr.Van Buren was nominated, without opposition,as the Democratic candidate, WilliamH. Harrison being the candidate of theWhig party. The Democrats carried onlyseven States, and out of 294 electoral votesonly sixty were for Mr. Van Buren, the remaining234 being for his opponent. TheWhig popular majority, however, was notlarge, the elections in many of the Statesbeing very close.March 4, 1841, Mr. Van Buren retiredfrom the Presidency. From his fine estateat Lindenwald he still exerted a powerfulinfluence upon tiie politics of the country.In 1844 he was again proposed as theDemocratic candidate for the Presidency,and a majority of the delegates of thenominating convention were in his favorbut, owing to his opposition to the proposedannexation of Texas, he could notsecure the requisite two-thirds vote. Hisname was at length withdrawn by hisfriends, and Mr. Polk received the nomination,and was elected.In 1848 Mr. Cass was the regular Democraticcandidate. A schism, however,sprang up in the party, upon the questionof the permission of slavery in the newlyacquiredterritory, and a portion of theparty, taking the name of " Free-Soilers,"nominated Mr. Van Buren. They drewaway sufficient votes to secure the electionof General Taylor, the Whig candidate.After this Mr. Van Buren retired to his estateat Kinderhook, where the remainderof his life was passed, with the exception ofa European tour in 1853. He died atKinderhook, July 24, 1862, at the age ofeighty years.Martin Van Buren was a great and goodman, and no one will question his right toa high position among those who havebeen the successors of Washington in thefaithful occupancy of the Presidentialchair.

te PRESfDENTS OF THE VXI TED STATES.WILLIAM HENRY HflRHISDN. iL 1 A M HENRYHARRISON, theninthPresident ofthe United States,I 84 I, was bornFebruary 9, 1773,ni Charles County,Virginia, at Berkeley, the residenceof his father, GovernorBenjamin Harrison. He studiedat Hampden, Sidney College,with a view of entering the med-After graduationical profession.he went to Philadelphia to studymedicine under the instruction ofDr. Rush.George Washington was then Presidentjf the United States. The Indians werecommitting fearful ravages on our Nortiiwesternfrontier. Young Harrison, eitherlured by the love of adventure, or mo.vedby the sufferings of families exposed to themost horrible outrages, abandoned his medicalstudies and entered the army, havingobtained a commission of ensign from PresidentWashington. The first duty assignedhim was to take a train of pack-horsesbound to Fort Hamilton, on the MiamiRiver, about forty miles from Fort Washington.He was soon promoted to therank of Lieutenant, and joined the armywhich Wasliington had placed under thecoinuKuul of General Wayne to prosecutemore vigorously the war with the Indians.Lieutenant Harrison received greatcommendation from his commanding officer,and was promoted to the rank ofCaptain, and placed in command at FortWashington, now Cincmnati, Ohio.About this time he married a daughterof John Cleves Symmes, one of the frontiersmenwho had established a thrivingsettlement on the bank of the Maumee.In 1797 Captain Harrison resigned hiscommission in the army and was appointedSecretary of the Northwest Territory, andex-officio Lieutenant-Governor, General St.Clair being then Governor of the Territory.At that time the law in reference to thedisposal of the public lands was such thatno one could purchase in tracts less than4,000 acres. Captain Harrison, in theface of violent opposition, succeeded inobtaining so much of a modification ofthis unjust law that the land was sold inalternate tracts of 640 and 320 acres. TheNorthwest Territory vas then entitledto one delegate in C(»ngress, and CaptainHarrison was chosen to fill that office.In 1800 he was appointed Governor

^////a-z.^^^.I

WILLIAM HENRI HARRISON. S9of Indiana Territory and soon after ofUpper Louisiana. He was also Superintendentof Indian Affairs, and so well did hefulfill these duties that he was four timesappointed to this office. During his administrationhe effected thirteen treaties withthe Indians, by which the United Statesacquired 60,000,000 acres of land. In 1804he obtained a cession from the Indians ofall the land between the Illinois River andthe Mississijipi.In 1S12 he was made Major-General ofKentucky militia and Brigadier-Genera!HI the army, with the command of theNorthwest frontier. In 181 3 he was madeMajor-General, and as such won much renownby the defense of Fort Meigs, and thebattle of the Thames, October 5, 1813. In1814 he left the army and was employed inIndian affairs by the Government.In 1816 General Harrison was chosen amember of the National House of Representativesto represent the district of Ohio.In the contest which preceded his electionhe was accused of corruption in respect tothe commissariat of the army. Immediatelyupon taking his seat, he called for aninvestigation of the charge. A committeewas appointed, and his vindication wastriumphant. A high compliment was paidto his patriotism, disinterestedness anddevotion to the public service. For theseservices a gold medal was presented to himwith the thanks of Congress.In 1 8 19 he was elected to the Senate ofOhio, and in 1824, as one of the Presidentialelectors of that State, he gave his voteto Henry Clay. In the same year he waselected to the Senate of the United States.In 1828 he was appointed by PresidentAdams minister plenipotentiary to Colombia,but was recalled by General Jacksonimmediately after the inauguration of thelatter.Upon his return to the United States,General Harrison retired to his farm atNorth Bend, Hamilton County, Ohio,sixteenmiles below Cincinnati, where fortwelve years he was clerk of the CountyCourt. He once owned a distillery, butperceiving the sad effects of whisky uponthe surrounding population, he promptlyabandoned his business at great pecuniarysacrihce.In 1836 General Harrison was broughtforward as a candidate for tiie Presidency.Van Buren was the administration candidate;the opposite party could not unite,and four candidates were brought forward.General Harrison received seventy-threeelectoral votes without anv general concertamong his friends. The Democratic partytriumphed and Mr. Van Buren was chosenPresident. In 1839 General Harrison wasagain nominated for the Presidency by theWhigs, at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, Mr.Van Buren being the Democratic candidate.General Harrison received 234 electoralvotes against sixty for his opponent.This election is memorable chiefly for thethen extraordinary means employed duringthe canvass for popular votes- Mass meetingsand processions were introduced, andthe watchwords " log cabin " and " hardcider" were effectuall\- used by the Whigs,and aroused a pO|)ular enthusiasm.A vast concourse of people attended hisinauguration. His address on that occasionwas in accordance with his antecedents, andgave great satisfaction. A short time after hetook his seat, he was seized b\' a pleurisyfever,and after a few days ofviolent sickness,died April 4, just one short month afterhis inauguration. His death was universallyregarded as one of the greatest of Nationalcalamities. Never, since the death ofWashington, were there, throughout oneland, such demonstrations of sorrow. Notone single spot can be found to sully hisfame; and through all ages Americans willpronounce with love and reverence thename of William Henry Harrison.

6o PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES.i^'\^^mmiJ^' J^' J^^?w^r,^ „ r,.r^r^r;^ rj^r, "^r,^ r;."^r,.r^r^^y^... ... .L^^-^''^^=mw^OHN TYLER, thetentliPresident of the UnitedStates, was born inCliarles City County,N'irginia, March 29, 1790.: His father, Judge John'r\ler, possessed largelanded estates in Virginia,and was one of the most(listinguislied men of his(lav, tilling the offices ofSpeaker of the House ofDelegates, Judge of the SupremeCourt and Governorof the State.At the early age of twelveyoung John entered William and MaryCollege, and graduated with honor whenbut seventeen years old. He then closelyapplied himself to the study of law, and atnineteen years of age commenced the practiceof .his profession. When only twentyonehe was elected to a seat in the StateLegislature. He acted with the Democraticparty and advocated the measures ofJefferson and Madison. For hve years hewas elected to the Legislature, receivingnearly the unanimous vote of his county.When but twenty-six years of age he waselected a member of Congress. He advocateda strict construction of the Constitutionand the most careful vigilance overState rights. He was soon compelled toresign his seat in Congress, owing to illhealth, but afterward took his seat in theState Legislature, where he exerted apowerful influence in promoting publicworks of great utility.In 1825 Mr. Tvler was chosen Governorof his State—a high honor, for Virginiahad many able men as competitors forthe prize. His administration was signallya successful one. He urged forward internalimprovements and strove to removesectional jealousies. His popularity securedhis re-election. In 1827 he was electedUnited States Senator, and upon taking hisHeseat jomcd the ranks of the opposition.opposed the tariff, voted against the bankas unconstitutional, opposed all restrictionsupon slavery, resisted all projects ot internalimprovements by the General Govern-sympathy with Mr. Cal-ment, avowed hishoun's views ofnullification, and declaredthat General Jackson, by his opposition tothe nuUifiers, had abandoned the principlesof the Democratic party. Such was Mr.Tyler's record in Congress.This hostility to Jackson caused Mr.Tyler's retirement frojn the .Senate, afterhis election to a second term. He soonafter removed to Williamsburg for thebetter education ofhis children, and againtook hris seat in the Legislature.

JO'r-'"'

utJOHN TYLER. 63In 1839 he was sent to the National Conventionat Harrisburg to nominate a President.General Harrison received a majorityof votes, much to the disappointment of theSouth, who had wished for Henry Clay.In order to conciliate the Southern Whigs,John Tyler was nominated for Vice-President.Harrison and Tyler were inauguratedMarch 4, 1841. In one short monthfrom that time President Harrison died,and Mr. Tyler, to his own surprise as wellas that of the nation, found himself anoccupant of the Presidential chair. Hisposition was an exceedingly difficult one,as he was opposed to the main principles ofthe party which had brought him intopower. General Harrison had selected aWhig cabinet Should he retain them, andthus surround himself with councilorswhose views were antagonistic to his own?or should he turn against the party thathad elected him, and select a cabinet inharmony with himself? This was his fearfuldilemma.President Tyler deserves more charitythan he has received. He issued an addressto the people, which gave general satisfaction.He retained the cabinet GeneralHarrison had selected. His veto of a billchartering a new national bank led to anopen quarrel with the party which electedhim, and to a resignation of the entirecabinet, exceptof State.Daniel Webster, SecretaryPresident Tyler attempted to conciliate.He appointed a new cabinet, leaving out allstrong party men, but the Whig membersof Congress were not satisfied, and theypublished a manifesto September 13, breakingoff all political relations. The Democratshad a majority in the House ; theWhigs in the Senate. Mr. Webster soonfound it necessary to resign, being forcedout by the pressure of his Whig friends.April 13, 1844, President Tyler concluded,ihrough Mr, Calhoun, a treaty for the annexationof Texas, which was rejected bythe Senate ;but he effected his object in theclosing days of his administration by thepassage of the joint resolution of March i1845.He was nominated for the Presidency byan informal Democratic Convention, heldat Baltimore in May, 1844, but soon withdrewfrom the canvass, perceiving that hehad not gained the confidence of the Democratsat large.Mr. Tyler's administrationwas particularlyunfortunate. No one was satisfied.Whigs and Democrats alike assailed him.Situated as he was, it is more than canbe expected of hiuuan nature that heshould, in all cases, have acted in tiie wisestmanner ; it will probably be the verdictof all candid men, in a careful review of hiscareer, that John Tyler was placed in aposition of such difficulty that he could notpursue any course which would not exposehim to severe censure and denimciation.In 1813 Mr. Tyler married Letitia Christian,who bore him three sons and threedaughters, and died in Washington in 1842.June 36, 1844, he contracted a second marriagewith Miss Julia Gardner, of NewYork. He lived in almost complete retirementfrom politics until February, 1861,when he was a member of the abortive" peace convention," held at Washington,and was chosen its President. Soon afterhe renounced his allegiance to the UnitedStates and was elected to the ConfederateCongress. He died at Richmond, January17, 1862, after a short illness.Unfortunately for his memory the nameof John Tyler must forever be associatedwith all the misery of that terrible Rebellion,whose cause he openly espoused.It is with sorrow that history records thata President of the United States died whiledefending the flag of rebellion, which wasarrayed against the national banner indeadly warfare.

6+ PHES/DEXIS OF THE UNITED STATES.M.-.S, ,............; :::.'.••

&''r'^DC-

yA\fES K. POLK. 67ously re-elected until 1839. He then withdrew,only that he might accept thegubernatorial chair of his native State.He was a warm friend of General Jackson,who had been defeated in the electoralcontest by John Ouiiicy Adams. Thislatter gentleman liad just taken his seat inthe Presidential(hair when Mr. Polk tookhis seat in the House of Representatives.He immediately united himself with theopponents of Mr. Adams, and was soonregarded as the leader of tlu- Jackson jjartyin the House.The four years of Mr. Adams' administrationpassed away, and General Jacksontook tne Presidential chair. Mr. Polk hadnow become a man of great influence inCongress, and was chairman of its mostimportant committee—that of VV^ays andMeans. Eloquently he sustained GeneralJackson in all his measures— in his hostilityto internal improvements, to the banks, andto the tariff. Eight years of General Jackson'sadministratif)n passed away, and thepowers he had wielded passed into thehands of Martin Van Buren ; and still Mr.Polk remained in the House, the advocateof that type of Democracy which tiiosedistinguished men upheld.During five sessions of Congress Mr.Polk was speaker of the House. He performedhis arduous duties to general satisfaction,and a unanimous vote of thanks tohmi was passed f)y the House as he withdrew,March 4, 1839. He was electedGovernor by a large majority, and tookthe oath of office at Nashville, October 14,1839. He was a candidate for re-electionin 1841, but was defeated. In the meantimea wonderful revolution had sweptover the country. W. H. Harrison, the Whigcandidate, had been calledto the Presidentialchair, and in Tennessee the Whig tickethad been carried by over 12,000 majority.Under these circumstances Mr. Polk's successwas hopeless, iStill he canvassed theState with his Whig competitor, Mr. Jones,traveling in the most friendly manner together,often in the same carriage, and atone time sleeping in the same bed. Mr.Jones was elected by 3,000 majority.And now the question of the annexationof Texas to our country agitated the wholeland. When this question became nationalMr. Polk, as the avowed champion of annexation,became the Presidential candidateof the pro-slavery wing of the Democraticparty, and George M. Dallas their candidatefor the Vice-Presidency. They wereelected by a large majority, and were inauguratedMarch 4, 1845.President Polk formed an able cabinet,consisting of James Buchanan, Robert J.Walker, William E. Marcy, George Bancroft. Cave J(jhnsun and Jf)hn V. Mason.The Oregon boundary question was settled,the Department of the Interior was created,the low tariff ol 1846 was carried, thefinancial system of the Government wasreorganized, the Mexican war was conducted,which resulted inthe acquisition ofCalifornia and New Mexico, and had farreachingconsequences upon the later fortunesof the republic. Peace was made.We had wrested from Mexico territorycc|ual to four times the empire oi France,and five times that of Spain. In the prosecutionof this war we expended 20,000lives and more than $100,000,000. Of thismoney $15,000,000 were paid to Mexico.Declining to seek a renomination, Mr.Polk retired from the Presidency March 4,1849, when he was succeeded l)\- GeneralZachary Taylor. He retired to Nashville,and died there June 19, 1849, in the fiftyfourthyear of his age. His funeial was attendedthe following dav, in Nashville, withevery demonstration of respect. He leftno children. Without being possessed ofextraordinary' talent, Mr. Polk was a capableadministrator of public affairs, and irreproachablein private life.

,538 PRESfDEXTS OF THE UNITED STATES."Bi^-.,."i^ ri' "' •I. •-> Jr /I' r~,'gS;:A^\JiL• r^^^'^V^ aLj\iX:jCEK3::-V-^ \^-V:S Si^ ^^•^ESLES'nrgga:^^-:^;r: vrvii^m-Jdiii^ crj: iO£vj:-LsDIRw ^|:^s.- •ji;'li*>'lii»'»-Ji^ti»*t^'5>l»iACHARY TAY-LOR, the twelfthPresident of theUnited States,i849-'50, was bornin Orange County,Virijinia, September24, 17S4. His father,Richard Taylor, was Colonelof a Virginia regimentin the Revolutionar}' war,and removed to Kentuckyin 17S5 ;purchased a largeplantation near Louisvilleand became an influential citizen; was a member of the convention thatframed the Constitution of Kentucky; servedin both branches of the Legislature ; wasCollector of the port of Louisville underPresident Washington ; as a Presidentialelector, voted for Jefferson, Madison, Monroeand Clay; died January 19,1829.Zachary remained on his father's plantationuntil 1808, in which year (May 3) hewas appointed First Lieutenant in theSeventh Infantry, to fill a vacancy occasionedby the death of his elder brother,Hancock. Up to this point he had receivedbut a limited education.Joining his regiment, at New Orleans, hewas attacked with, veilow fever, with nearlyfatal termination. In November, 1810, hewas promoted to Captain, and in the summerof 1 81 2 he was in command of FortHarrison, on the left bank of the WabashRiver, near the present site of Terre Haute,his successful defense of which with but ahandful of men against a large force ofIndians which had attacked him was one ofthe first marked military achievements ofthe war. He was then brcvctted Major,and in 1814 promoted to the full rank.During the remainder of the war Tavlorwas activclv employed on the Westernfrontier. In the peace organization of 181he was retainedas Captain, but soon afterresigned and settled near Louisville. InMay, t8i6, however, he re-entered the armyas Major of the Third Infantry ; becameLieutenant-Colonel of the Eighth Infantryin 1819, and in 1832 attained the Colonelcyof the First Infantry, of which he had beenLieutenant-Colonel since 1821. Ondifferentoccasions he had been called to Washingtonas member of a military' board for organizingthe militia of the Union, and to aid theGovernment with his knowledge in theorganization of the Indian Bureau, havingfor many years discharged the duties ofIndian agent over large tracts of Western

yc^ C-/Cc::^o^-y/y^:X y ^^^

ZA CHA R rcountry. He served through the BlackHawk war in 1832. and in 1837 was orderedto take command in Florida, then the sceneof war with the Indians.In 1846 he was transferi^ed to the comniaiidof tlie Army of the Southwest, fromwhich he was relieved the same year at hisown request. Subsequently he was stationedon the Arkansas frontier at FortsGibbon, Smith and Jesup, which latter worknad been built under his direction in 1822.May 28, 1845, he received a dispatch fromthe Secretary of War informing him of thereceipt of information by the President"that Texas would shortly accede to theterms of annexation," in which event hewas instructed to defend anil protect herfrom "foreign invasion and Indian incursions."He proceeded, upon the annexationof Texas, with about 1,500 men to CorpusChnsti, where his force was increased tosome 4,000.Taylor was brevetted Major-General May28, and a month later, June 29, 1846, his fullcommission to that grade was issued. Afterneeded rest and reinfcjrcement, he advancedin September on Monterey, which city capitulatedafter three-days stubborn resistance.Here he took up his winter quarters.The plan for the invasion of Mexico, byway of Vera Cruz, with General Scott incommand, was now determined upon bythe Govenrment, and at the moment Taylorwas about to resume active operations, hereceived orders to send the larger part ofhis force to reinforce the army of GeneralScott at Vera Cruz. Though subsequentlyreinforced by raw recruits, yet after providinga garrison for Monterey and Saltillohe had but about 5,300 effective troops, ofwhich but 500 or 600 were regulars. Inthis weakened condition, however, he wasdestined to achieve his greatest victory.Confidently relying upon his strength atVera Cruz to resist the enemy f(jr a longtuue, .Santa Anna directedhis entire armyTA YL OR.against Taylor to overwhelm him, and thento return to oppose the advance of Scott'smore formidable invasion. The battle ofBiiena Vista was (ought February 22 and23, 1847. Taylor received the thanks olCongress and a gold medal, and " OldRough and Ready," the sobriquet givenhim in the army, became a household word.He remained in quiet possession of theRio Grande Valley until November, whenhe returned to the United States.In the Whig convention which met atPhiladelphia,June 7, 1S48, Taylor was nominatedon the fourth ballot as candidate Athe Whig party for Presideiu, over HenryClay, General Scott and Daniel Webster.In November Taylor received a majorityof electoral votes, antl a p(3pidar vote of1,360,752, against 1,219,962 ftjr Cass andButler, and 291,342 for Van Buren andAdams. General Taylor was inauguratedMarch 4, 1849.The free and slave States being then equalm number, the struggle for supremacy onthe part of the leaders in Congress wasviolent and bitter. In the sununer of 1849California adopted m convention a Constitutionprohibiting slavery within its borders.Taylor advocated the immediate admissionof California with her Constitution, and thepostponement of the question as to the otherTerritories until they could hold conventionsand decide for themselves whetherslavery should exist within their borders.This policy ultimately prevailed throughthe celebrated " Compromise Measures" ofHenry Clay; but not during the life of thebrave soldier and patriot statesman. July5 he was taken suddenly ill with a biliousfever, which proved fatal,his death occurringJuly 9, 1850. One of his daughtersmarried C(jlonel W. W. S. Bliss, his Adjutant-Generaland Chief of Staff in Floridaand Mexico, and Private Secretary duruighis Presidency. Another daughter wasmarried to Jefferson Davis.

3t mmr I t 1 1 . i, . t r • i i »t r i • t >» ri i , i n 11PUES/DEiVTS OF THE UXITED STATES.^,^M M1LLAH» ]F1Sb&I1(IMMT T r rir i iFrmr ft ir i i i itI1 1•;[is^-j» I ^^'^-V-—TT likjiiii'feirmrm» iM i iii; km«miffiFncroa' ^r• Op?; ; 1ILLARD FILL-MORE, the thir-^^^teenth Presidentof the UnitedStates, i850-'3, wasborn in SummerHill, CayugaCounty, New York, January7, i8cx). He was ofNew England ancestry, andills educational advantageswere limited. He ear!}-learned the clothiers' trade,but spent ail his leisure timeill study. At nineteen yearsof age he was induced byJudge Walter Wood to abandon his tradeand commence tiie study of law. Uponlearning that the young man was entirelydestitute of means, he look him into hisown office and loaned him such money ashe needed. That he might not be heavilyburdened with debt, young Fillmore taughtschool during the winter months, and invarious other ways helped himself along.At the age of t\yenty-three he was admittedto the Court of Common Pleas, andcommenced the practice of his professionin the village i;f Aurora, situated on theeastern bank of the Cayuga Lake. In 1825he married Miss Abigail Powers, daughterof Rev. Lemuel Powers, a lady of greatmoral worth. In 1825 he took his seat inthe House of Assembly of his native State,as Representative from Erie County,whither he had recently moved.Though he had never taken a veryactive part in politics his vote and his sympathieswere with the Whig party. TheState was then Democratic, but his courtesy,ability and integrity won the respectof his associates. In 1832 he was electedto a seat in the United States Congress.At the close of his term he returned to hislaw practice, and in two years more he wasagain elected to Congress.He now began to have a national reputation.His labors were very arduous. Todraft resolutions in the committee room,and then to defend them against the mostskillful opponents on the floor of the Houserequires readiness of mind, mental resourcesand skill in debate such as few possess.Wear\' with these exhausting labors, andpressed by the claims of his private afTairs,Mr. Fillmore wrote a letter to his constituentsand declined to be a candidate for reelection.Notwithstanding this communi-

y'^'Z./.xC-OCi-i-r C"Mt^.t t-c-o-u)

'cation his friends met in convention andrenominated him by acclamation. Thouglig^ratified by this proof of their appreciationof his labors he adhered to his resolve andreturned to his home.In 1847 Mr. Fillmore was elected to theimportant office of comptroller of the State.In entering upon the very responsible dutieswhich this situation demanded, it was necessaryfor him to abandon his profession,and he removed to the city of Albany. Inthis year, also, the Whigs were lookingaround to find suitable candidates for thePresident and Vice-President at the approachingelection, and the names of ZacharyTaylor and Millard Fillmore becamethe rallying cry of the Whigs. On the 4thof March, 1S49, General Taylor was inauguratedPresident and Millard FillmoreVice-President of the United States.The great question of slavery had assumedenormous proportions, and permeatedevery subject that was brought beforeCongress. It was evident that the strengthof our institutions was to be severely tried.July 9, 1850, President Taylor died, and, bythe Constitution, Vice-President Fillmorebecame President of the United States.The agitated condition of the countrybrought questions of great delicacy beforehim. He was bound by his oath of office:to execute the laws of the United States.One of these laws was understood to be,that if a slave, escaping from bondage,should reach a free State, the United Stateswas bound to do its utmost to capture hnnand return him to his master. Most Christianmen loathed this law. President Fillmorefelt bound by his oath rigidly to seeit enforced. Slavery was organizing armiesto invade Cuba as it had invaded Texas,and annex it to the United States. PresidentFillmore gave all the influence of hisexalted station againstthe atrocious enterprise.Mr. Fillmore had serious difficulties toMILLARD F/LLMORE. 75contend with, since the opposition had amajority in both Houses. He did everythingin his power toconciliate the South,but the pro-slavery party in that sectionfelt the inadequency of all measures of tran.sient conciliation. The population of thefree States was so rapidly increasing overthat of the slave States, that it was inevitablethat the power of the Governmentshould soon pass into the hands of the freeThe famous compromise measuresStates.were adopted under Mr. Fillmore's administration,and the Japan expedition wassent out.March 4, 1853, having served one term,President Fillmore retired from office.Hethen took a long tour through the South,where he met with quite an enthusiasticreception. In a speech at Vicksburg, alludingto the rapid growth of thehe said:country," Canada is knocking for admission, andMexico would be glad to come in, andwithout saying whether it would be rightor wrong, we stand with open arms to receivethem; for it is the manifest destiny ofthis Government to embrace the wholeNorth American Continent."In 1855 Mr. Fillmore went to Europewhere he was received with those markedattentions which his position and charactermerited. Returning to this country in1856 he was nominated for the Presidencyby the "Know-Nothing" party. Mr. Buchanan,the Democratic candidate wasthe successful competitor. Mr. Fillmoreever afterward lived in retirement. Duringthe conflict of civil war he was mostlysilent. It was generally supposed, however,that hissympath}' was with the SouthernConfederacy. He kept aloof from theconflict without any words of cheer to theone party or the other. For this reasonhe was forgotten by both. He died ofparalysis, in Buffalo, New York, March 8,1874.'

76 PRESIDEXTS OF THE UNITED STATES.Fpi]I^LII] PIERGE.EHH^HSEfeRANKLINPIERCE,. the fourteenth Presi-„ . ,3 v.|te^l^^ ^.v-o dent of the Unitedman of'-''-- '^'^ites,-^(imm^/"^'was born inHillsborough, NewHampshire, November23, 1804. Hisfather, GovernorBenjamin Pierce, was a Revolutionarysoldier, arigid integrity ; was for severalyears in the State Legislature,a member of the Gov-Generalernor's council and aof the militia.Franklin was the sixth of eight children.As a boy he listened eagerly to the argumentsof his lather, enforced by strong andready utterance and earnest gesture. Itwas in the days of intense political excitement,when, all over the New EnglandStates, Federalists and Democrats were arrayedso fiercely against each other.In 1820 he entered Bowdoin College, atBrunswick, Maine, and graduated in 1824,and commenced the study of law in theoffice of Judge Woodbury, a very distinguishedlawyer, and in 1827 was admittedto the bar. He practiced with great successin Hillsborough and Concord. He servedin the State Legislature four years, the lasttwo of which he was chosen Speaker of theHouse bj' a very large vote.In 1833 he was elected a member of Congress.In 1837 he was elected to the UnitedStates Senate, just as Mr. Van Buren commencedhis administration.In 1834 he married Miss Jane MeansAppleton, a lady admirably fitted to adornevery station with which her husband washonored. Three sons born to them allfound an early grave.Upon his accession to office, PresidentPolk appointed Mr. Pierce Attorney-Generalof the United States, but the offer wasdeclined in consequence of numerous professionalengagements at home and theprecarious state of Mrs. Pierce's health.About the same time he also declined thenomination for Governor by the Democraticparty.The war with Mexico called Mr. PierceReceiving the appointmentinto the arm}'.of Brigadier-General, he embarked with aportion of his troops at Newport, RhodeIsland, May 27, 1847. He served duringthis war, and distinguished himself by hisbravery, skill and excellent judgment.When he reached his home in his nativeState he was enthusiastically received by

A (

ciheImih.ilhIiANKI.INJ'lEliCK.the advoc.'itcs of llic war, and coldly \>s it';opponents. I Ic resumed llie practice ol hisprofession, lic(|uenlly taking; an a< live |iarl.in political qucstifjns, and {^ivin^ his siippcjrtto the ])ro-slavery vvin;^ of the Democratic;party.\\\\\r I.;, 185.!, the {democratic; con vent ionincl in U.illimore lo nominrite a candidatelor the Presidency. f'"or four d;i3's theycoMtinned in session, and in thirty-live ballotirif^rs no one had received the rerjuisileIwo-tliirds vote. Not a vole li.id In-' ntlirown thus far loi (General I'ieii < . I henthe V'ir^ini.i dele;^alion ljroii;^iil lorw.aidhis nami-. There were fonrlcen more \y.\\lotiiigs, during which (n-ncial I'ii-m egained slrenj^lh, inilil, al ihe loilymnlliballot, he re(;eived .'."^2 voles, and .all othercandidates eleven, (jeneral Winlii Id Scoilwas the Whig' cantJidate. (ieneial I'lenwas eleeled wilfi jrrcat nijammity. Onlyfour .Slates Veimont, .M.iss.aehnsel Is, Ken.lucky aiifl 'Tennessee— cast their eleeloi.ilvotes af^ainsl him. March 4, 1H53, he wasinauf^nraled President of the United .Slates,and William \i. Kiiij^, V'n c I'resident.President Pierce's cabinet consisted olWilli.im S. Marcy, fames Gnl In ie,|c||crsonDavis, James C. Dobbin, l Kansas, tookpossession of the f>olls, drrjve away thecitizens, deposited their own votc-s byhandluls, went thrcjugh the farce of countingthem, and then declared that, by anoverwhelming majority, slavery was cstaljlishedin Kansas. 'These f;iels iioborlydenied, and \il President Pk 11 e', adrnini'-1 Iraliori (ell bound lo i- ,pei I llii- decisionoblamed by such vol''.. The cilizens olKansas, the in.ajorily of whom weic free-Slate nil n, met in (iinvenliori and ai|o|ite(|I lie lollowiii'', I esolv :" Rcsoh'ii/, 'Th.il tin: body ol lui.-u who,jur I he jiasl two iiioiil lis, ha ve been passinglaws foi Ihe people of oiii 'Territory,moved, I oilir.eled .lud dul.ilerl In by thei|einat;ogiies ol olliei Slales, ;ire to us aloreign body, represeni ing on!)' Ihe lawlessinvaders who elected them, .ind iiol thepe()pl(: ol I his 'Ten itoiy;I lieii ,11 I K 111 a ,we repudiatemoil' 1 1 on, ( on Minii/iat ionmI an act ol violem e, 11 11 1 p.il 1011 ,ind fi andiin|i,u alleli-d ill ill'- history ol Ih'- IIiii'Mi."Ill'- li ''• Sl.il'- p'')pl'-iil Kansas als'j senta p'lili'iii to ill'- (>'ii( lal ( iovrnment, imiiloiingits prol'-'l ion. Ii. leply ihe Presiil'-iilissued :i pro' l.'iinal ion, ili'l.iiiir' thatL'gislal iw thus cr(;at''l iiiir I b'- M'.ognizedas th'- legitimate IvCgisLil in '• ol Kansas,anil lh.it lis laws wen- binding U|)')nth'- pe')|)li-, .ind th.il.if necessary, I he wii'defor''-1 1\ III'- ( civ'i ninental arm woiil'l beput loi I h lo inl'd ' '- I li'jse la ws.James liiii lianan succeeded fiim in thePrcsirlcnc-y, and, M;irf;h 4, iHi;/, Prc-sirlentPierce I'-Iiwl to Ins li'iiin- in f 'ni'.'ir'l,New Ilampshire. Wfien th'- R'bellioiiburst forth Mr. I'ierce remainc'l steadfastto 111'- piim iples hi; li:i'l alw;iys cherishe'l,and gave his syni|)alhi(;s t'j tlu; pro-slaveryparty, with whii h h

So PRESIDENTS OF THE US'ITED STATES.g^. t'^i'^i'^^i'^'rr'i'iT?!':^^^•L'.' *?!**>' I*f^i*^i*^'t'..JJ#AMES BUCHANAN, thetifteenth President of theSt4'*e United States. 1.S57 '61,Hewas born in FianklinCount y, Pennsylvania,A p r i 1 23, 1791. Theplace where his lather'scabin stood was calledStony Batter, and it wassituated in a wild, romanticspot, in a gorge of mountains,with towering summitsrising all around.was of Irish ancestry, hisfather having emigrated in-1783, with ver)' little property,save his own strong arms.James remained in his secluded home foreight years enjoying very few social orintellectual advantages. His parents wereindustrious, frugal, prosperous and intelligent.In 1799 his father removed to Mcrcersburg,where James was placed inschool and commenced a course in English,Greek and Latin. His progress was rapidand in 1801 he entered Dickinson Collegeat Carlisle. Here he took his stand amongthe first scholars in the institution, and wasable to master the most abstruse subjectswith facility. In 1809 he graduated withthe highest honors in his class.He was then eighteen years of age, tall,graceful and in vigorous health, fond olathletic sports, an unerring shot and enlivenedwith an exuberant flow of animalspirits. He immediatel}" commenced thestudy of law in the city of Lancaster, andwas admitted to the bar in 1812. He rosevery rapidly in his profession and at oncetook undisputed stand with theablest lawyersof the State. When but twent)'-sixyears of age, unaided by counsel, he successfullydefended before the State Senateone of the Judges of the State, who wastried upon articles of impeachment. Atthe age of thirty it was generalU' admittedthat he stood at the head of the bar, andthere was no lawver in the Statewho havla more extensive or lucrative practice.In 1812, just after Mr. Buchanan hatlentered upon the practice of the law, oursecond war with England occurred. Withall his powers he sustained the Government,eloqucntlv urging the rigorousprosecutionof the war; and even enlisfingas aprivate soldier to assist in repelling theBritish, who had sacked Washington andwere threatening Baltimore. He was atthat time a Federalist, but when the Constitutionwas adopted by both parties,Jefferson truly said, " We are all Federalists:we are all Republicans."The opposition of the Federalists to thewar with England, and the alien and sedi-

-^me^ Gy^y^c y€^ yi..^ ,,7^

y.lA/ES BUCHANAN. °?,tion laws of John Adams, brought the partyinto dispute, and the name of Federalistbecame a reproach. Mr. Buchanan almostimmediately upon entering Congress beganto incline more and more to the Republicans.In the stormy Presidential electionof 1824, in which Jackson, Clay, Crawfordand John Ouincy Adams were candidates,Mr. Buchanan espoused the cause of GeneralJackson and unrelentingly opposed theadministration of Mr. Adams.Upon his elevation to the Presidency,General Jackson appointed Mr. Buchanan,minister to Russia. Upon his return in i S33he was elected to a seat in the United StatesSenate. He there met as his associates,Webster, Clay, Wright and Calhoun. Headvocated the measures proposed by PresidentJackson of making reprisals againstFrance, and defended the course of the Presidentin his unprecedented and wholesaleremovals from office of those who were notthesupporters of his administration. Uponthis question he was brought into direct collisionwith Henry Clay.In the discussionof the question inspecting the admission ofMichjo-an and Arkansas into the Union, Mr.Buchanan defined his position by saying:" The older I grow, the more I am inclinedto be what is called a State-rightsman."M. de Tocqueville, in his renowned workupon " Democracy in iVmerica," foresawthe trouble which was inevitable from thedoctrine of State sovereignty as held byCalhoun and Buchanan. He was convincedthat the National Government waslosing that strength which was essentialto its own existence, and that the Stateswere assuming powers which threatenedthe perpetuity of the Union. Mr. Buchananreceived the book in the Senate and declaredthe fears of De Tocqueville to begroundless, and yet he lived to sit in thePresidential chair and see State after State,in accordance with his own views ofStaterights, breaking from the Union, thuscrumbling our Republic into ruins; whilethe unhappy old man folded his arms indespair, declaring that the National Consti -tution invested him with no power to arrestthe destruction.Upon Mr. Polk's accession to the Presidencv,Mr. Buchanan became Secretary ofState, and as such took his share of theresponsibility in the conduct of the Mexicanwar. At the close of Mr. Polk's administration,Mr. Buchanan retired to privatelife; but his intelligence, and his greatability as a statesman, enabled him to exerta powerful influence in National affairs.Mr. Pierce, upon his election to thePresidency, honored Mr. Buchanan withthe mission to England. In the year 1856the National Democratic convention nominatedMr. Buchanan for the Presidency.The political conflict was one of the mostsevere in which our country has ever engaged.On the 4th of March, 1857, Mr.Buchanan was inaugurated President. Hiscabinet were Lewis Cass, Howell Cobb,J. B. Floyd, Isaac Toucey, Jacob Thompson,A. V. Brown and J. S. Black.The disruption of the Democratic party,in consequence of the manner in which theissue of the nationality of slavery waspressed by the Southern wing, occurred atthe National convention, held at Charlestonin April, 1S60, for the nomination of Mr.Buchanan's successor, when the majorityof Southern delegates withdrew upon thepassage of a resolution declaring that theconstitutional status of slavery should bedetermined by the Supreme Court.In the next Presidential canvass AbrahamLincoln was nominated by the opponentsof Mr. Buchanan's administration.Mr. Buchanan remained in Washingtonlong enough to see his successor installedand then retired to iiis home in Wheatland.He died June 1, 1868, aged seventy-sevenyears.

'S4 PHES/DENTS OF THE UNITED STATES.4^';•" V "."?""? !W^jfe^Sirrrrrninr. Z^;;;^.^. ;;. ;7. .-...^i.^j^S-:*:M4= '• 1^ -' ^hBR AH AMLIN-COLN, the sixteenthPresident oftheUnited States, i86i-'5,V^ „ was born February12,"F"'^^^1809, in Larue^y^ (then Hardin) County,Kentuci

^2--, V £3-f £,'.g^,//^^ ^ c^r-r^

ABRAHAM LINCOLN. 87I cdntiiuied till I was t\venty-t\v(j. Attwenty-one I came to Illinois and passedthe first year in Macon County. Then I gotto New Salem, at that time in Sangamon,now in Menard County, where I remaineda year as a sort of clerk in a store.• Then came the Black Hawk war, and Iwas elected a Captain of volunteers—a successwhich gave me more pleasure than anvI have had since. I went the campaign,was elated ; ran for the Legislature thesame year (1832) and was beaten, the onlytime I have ever been beaten by the people.The next and three succeeding biennialelections I was elected to the Legislature,and was never a candidate afterward." During this legislative period I hadstudied law, and removed to Springfield topractice it. In 1S46 I was elected to theLower House of Congress ; was noX. a candidatefor re-election. From 1849 t

88 PJiESWEKTS OF THE UNITED STATES." Henry Clay Whig," he rapidly acquiredthat command of language and that homelybut forcible rhetoric which, added to hisintimate knowledge of the people fromwhich he sprang, made him more than amatch in debate for his few well-educatedopponents.Admitted to the bar in 1837 he soonestablished himself at Springfield, wherethe State capital was located in 1839,largely through his influence; became asuccessful pleader in the State, Circuit andDistrict Courts; married in 1842 a lady belongingto a prominent family in Lexington,Kentucky; took an active part in the Presidentialcampaigns of 1840 and 1844 ascandidate for elector on the Harrison andClav tickets, and in 1846 was elected to theUnited States House of Representativesover the celebrated Peter Cartwright.During his single term in Congress he didnot attain any prominence.He voted for the reception of anti-slaverypetitions for the abolition of the slave tradein tiie I3istrict of Columbia and for theWilmot proviso ; but was chiefly rememberedfor the stand he took against theMexican war. For several years thereafterhe took comparatively littleinterestin politics, but gained a leading position atthe Springfield bar. Two or three nonpoliticallectures and an eulogy on HenryClay (1852) added nothing to his reputation.In 1854 the repeal of the MissouriCompromise by the Kansas-Nebraska actaroused Lincoln from his indifference, andin attacking that measure he had the immenseadvantage of knowing perfectly wellthe motives and the record of its author,Stephen A. Douglas, of Illinois, then poj)ularl}-designated as the " Little Giant." Thelatter came to Springhcld in October, 1854,on the occasion ofthe State Fair, to vindicatehis policy in the Senate, and the " Anti-Nebraska" Whigs, remembering that Lincolnhad often measured hisstrength withDouglas in the Illinois Legislature and beforethe Springfield Courts, engaged himto improvise a reply. This speech, in theopinion of those who heard it, was one ofthe greatest efforts of Lincoln's life ; certainlythe most effective in his whole career.It took the audience by storm, and fromthat moment it was felt that Douglas hadmet his match. Lincoln was accordinglyselected as the Anti-Nebraska candidate forthe United States Senate in place of GeneralShields, whose term expired March 4, 1855,and led to several ballots; but Trumbullwas ultimalel}- chosen.The second conflict on the soil of Kansas,which Lincoln had predicted, soon began.The result was the disruption of theWhig and the formation of the Republicanparty. At the Bloomington State Conventionin 1856, where the new party firstassumed form in Illinois, Lincoln made animpressive address, in which for the firsttime he took distinctive ground againstslavery in itself.At the National Republican Conventionat Philadelphia, June i", after the nominationof Fremont, Lincoln was put forwardby the Illinois delegation for theVice-Presidency, and received on the firstballot no votes against 259 for William LDayton. He took a prominent part in thecanvass, being on the electoral ticket.In 1858 Lincoln was unanimously nominatedby the Republican State Conventionas its candidate for the United States Senatein place of Douglas, and in his speech ofacceptance used thecelebrated illustrationof a "house divided against itself " on theslavery question, which was, perhaps, thecause of his defeat. The great debate carriedon at all the princij^al towns of Illinoisbetween Lincoln and Douglas as rival Senatorialcandidates resulted at the time in theelection of the latter;but f)cing widely circulatedas a cam[)aign document, it fixedthe attention of the country upon the

ABRAHAM IJMCOLN. 89former, as the clearest and most convincingexponent of Republican doctrine.Early in 1859 he began to be named inIllinois as a suitable Republican candidatefor the Presidential campaign of the ensuingyear, and a political address deliveredat the Cooper Institute, New York, February27, i860, followed by similar speechesat New Haven, Hartford and elsewhere inNew England, first made him known to theEastern States in the light by which he hadlong been regarded at home. By the RepublicanState Convention, which met atDecatur, Illinois, May 9 and 10, Lincolnwas unanimously endorsed for the Presidency.It was on this occasion that tworails, said to have been split by his handsthirty years before, were brought into theconvention, and the incident contributedmuch to his popularity. The NationalRepublican Convention at Chicago, afterspirited efforts made in favor of Seward,Chase and Bates, nominated Lincoln forthe Presidency, with Hannibal Hamlinfor Vice-President, at the same time adoptinga vigorous anti-slavery platform.The Democratic party having been disorganizedand presenting two candidates,Douglas and Breckenridge, and the remnantof the " American" party having putforward John Bell, of Tennessee, the Republicanvictory was an easy one, Lincolnbeing elected November 6 by a large pluralit\',comprehending nearly all the NorthernStates, but none of the Southern. Thesecession of South Carolina and the GulfStates was the immediate icsult, fcjUowcda few months later by that of the borderslave States and the outbreak of the greatcivilwar.The life of Abraham Lincoln becamethenceforth merged in the history of hiscountry. None of the details of the vastconflict which filled the remainder of Lincoln'slife can here be given. Narrowlyescapingassassination by avoiding Baltimoreon his way to the capital, he reachedWashington February 23, and was inauguratedPresident of the United States March4,1 86 1.In his inaugural address he said: " I hold,that in contemplation of universal law andthe Constitution the Union of these States isperpetual. Perpetuity is implied if not e.xpressedin the fundamental laws of all nationalgovernments. It is safe to assertthat no government proper ever had a provisionin its organic law for its own termination.I therefore consider that in viewof the Constitution and the laws, the Unionis unbroken, and to the extent of my abilityI shall take care, as the Constitution enjoinsupon me, that the laws of theUnitedStates be extended in all the States. Indoing this there need be no bloodshed or violence,and there shall be none unless it beforced upon the national authority. Thepower conferred to me will be used to hold,occupy and possess the property and placesbelonging to the Government, and to collectthe duties and imports, but beyondwhat may be necessary for these objectsthere will be no invasion, no using of forceagainst or among the people anywhere. Inyour hands, my dissatisfied fellow-countrymen,is the momentous issue of civil war.The Government will not assail you. Ycjucan have no conflict without being yourselvesthe aggressors. You have no oathregistered in heaven to destroy the Government,while I shall have the most solemnone to preserve, protect and defendit."He called to his cabinet his principalrivals for the Presidential nomination —Seward, Chase, Cameron and Bates; securedthe co-operation of the Union Democrats,headed by Douglas; called out 75,000militia from the several States upon the firsttidings of the bombardment of Fort Sumter,April 15; proclaimed a blockade of theSouthern posts April 19; called an extra

;90 PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES.session of Congress for July 4, from whichhe asked and obtained 400,000 men and$400,000,000 for the war; placed McClellanat the head of the Federal army on GeneralScott's resignation, October 31; appointedEdwin M. Stanton Secretary of War, January14, 1862, and September 22, 1862,issued a proclamation declaring the freedomof all slaves in the States and parts ofStates then in rebellion from and afterJanuary 1, 1863. This was the crowningact of Lincoln's career—the act by whichhe will be chiefly known through all futuretime—andit decided the war.October 16, 1863, President Lincoln calledfor 300,000 volunteers to replace thosewhose term of enlistment had expiredmade a celebrated and touching, thoughbrief, address at the dedication of theGettysburg military cemetery, November19, 1863; commissioned Ulysses S. GrantLieutenant-General and Commander-in-Chief of the armies of the United States,March 9, 1864; was re-elected President inNovember of the same year, by a largemajority over General McClellan, withAndrew Johnson, of Tennessee, as V^ice-President; delivered a very remarkable addressat his second inauguration, March 4,1865; visited the army before Richmond thesame month; entered the capital of the Confederacythe day after its fall, and upon thesurrender of General Robert E. Lec'c army,April 9, was actively engaged in devisinggenerous plans for the reconstruction of theUnion, when, on the evening of Good Friday,April 14, he was shot in his box atFord's Theatre, Washington, byJohnWilkesBooth, a fanatical actor, and expired earlvon the following morning, April 15. Almostsimultaneously a murderous attackwas made upon William H. Seward, Secretaryof State.At noon on the 15th of April AndrewJohnson assumed the Presidency, and activemeasures were taken which resulted in thedeath of Booth and the execution of hisprincipal accomplices.The funeral of President Lincoln wasconducted with unexampled solemnit\' andmagnificence. Impressive services werefield in Washington, after which the sadprocession proceeded over the same routehe had traveled four years before, fromSpringhcld to Washington. In Philadelphiahis body lay in state in IndependenceHall, in which he had declared before hisfirst inauguration " that I would sooner beassassinated than to give up theprinciplesof the Declaration of Independence." Hewas buried at Oak Ridge Cemetery, nearSpringfield, Illinois, on May 4, where amonument emblematic of the emancipationof the slaves and the restoration of theUnion mark his resting place.The leaders and citizens of the expiringConfederac\' expressed genuine indignationat the murder of a generous political adversary.Foreign nations took part in mourningtlie death of a statesman who had provedhimself a true representative of Americannationality. The freedmen of the Southalmost worshiped the memory oftheir deliverer;and the general sentiment of thegreat Nation he had saved awarded him aplace in its affections, second only to thatheld by Washington.The characteristics of Abraham Linc(jliihave been familiarly known throughout thecivilized world. His tall, gaunt, ungainlyfigure, homely countenance, and his shrewdmother-wit, shown in his celebrated conversationsoverflowing in humorous andpointed anecdote, combined withan accurate,intuitive appreciation of the questionsof the time, are recognized as forming thebest type of a period of American historynow rapidly passing away.

c ^-^^K^^^^y

dANDREW JOHNSON. 9?^2.aHEHHETHHSJfr hi'Xmif'•^>i'.HHZ: P H'r^ a'r^7SSHaHr5i?Hg5H d'^.'r', r^PHg! ri'^FgEe^aglBl^SP^FEj^aH^I^all: «?>^^^»7fv^ NDREW JOHNSON,the seventeenth President(if the I' II i t c%' States, 1865-9, wasf^^ li ,b () r 11 at R a 1 c i^"-.^ North Carolina, De-''i'i^cembcr 29, 1808.Hisfatherriied whenhe was four years old, and inhis eleventh year he was apprenticedto a tailor. I le neverattended scho(jl, and didnot learn to read until late inhis ap|)renticeship, when hesuddenly acquired a passion forobtaininj^ knowledge, and devotedhis spare time to reading.Aft(--r working two years as a journeymantailor at Lauren's Court-House, SouthCarolina, he removed, in 1826, to Greenville,Tetmessee, where he worked at histrade and married. Under his wife's instructionshe made rapid progress in hiseducation, and manifested such an intelligentinterest in local politics as t(j beelected as " workingmen's candidate " alderman,in 1828, and mayor in 1830, beingtwice re-elected to each office.During this period he cultivated his talentsas a public speaker by taking part in adebating society, consisting largely ofstudentsof Greenville College. In 1835, andagain in 1839, he was chosen to the lowerhouse of the Legislature, as a r)emf)crat.Ill 1841 he was elected vState Senator, andin 1843, Representative in Congress, beingre-elected four successive periods, until1853, when he was chosen Governor ofTennessee. In Congress he supported theadministrations of Tyler and Polk in theirchief measures, especially tin: annexationof Texas, the adjustment of the (Oregonboundary, the Mexican war, and the tariffof 1846.In 1855 Mr. Johnson was re-elected Governor,and in 1857 entered the UnitedStates .Senate, where he was consjjicuousas an advocate of retrenchment and of theFIcjmestead bill, and as an opjionent of thePacific Railroad. He was suiiported by theTennessee delegation to the Diinocraticconvention in i860 for the Presidentialnomination, and lent his influence to theBreckenridge wing of that party.When the election of Lincoln hadbrought about the first attempt at secessionin December, i860, Johnson took in theSenate a firm attitude for the Union, andin May, 1S61, on returning to Tennessee,he was in imminent peril of suffering from

9+PRESIDEiy^TS OF THE VSIIED STATES.popular violence for his loyalty to the " oldflae." He was the leader of the Loyalists'convention of East Tennessee, and duringthe following winter was very activein organizingrelief for the destitute loyal refugeesfrom that region, his own family beingamong those compelled to leave.By his course in this crisis Johnson cameprominently before the Northern public,and when in March, 1862, he was appointedby President Lincoln military Governor ofTennessee, with the rank of Brigadier-General,he increased in popularit\- by the vigorousand successful manner in which helabored to restore order, protect Unionmen and punish marauders. On the approachof the Presidential campaign of 1864,the termination of the war being plainlyforeseen, and several Southern States beingpartially reconstructed, it was felt that theVice-Presidency should be given to a Southernman of conspicuous loyalty, and GovernorJohnson was elected on the sameplatfonn and ticket as President Lincoln;and on the assassination of the latter succeededto the Presidency, April 15, 1865.In a public speech two days later he said:"The American people must be taught, ifthey do not already feel, that treason is acrime and must be punished; that the Governmentwill not always bear with its enemies;that it is strong, not only to protect,but to punish. In our peaceful historytreason has been almost unknown. Thepeople must understand that it is the blackestof crimes, and will be punished." Hethen added the ominous sentence: " In regardto my future course, I make no promises,no pledges." President Johnson retainedthe cabinet of Lincoln, and exhibitedconsiderable severity- toward traitors inhisearlier acts and speeches, but he soon inaugurateda policyof reconstruction, proclaiminga general amnesty to the late Confederates,and successively establishing provisionalGovernments in the Southern States.These States accordingly claimed representationin Congress in the following December,and the momentous question of whatshould be the policy of the victorious Uniontoward its late armed opponents was forcedupon that bod\-.Two considerations impelled the Republicanmajority to reject the policy ofdent Johnson:Presi,First, an apprehension thatthe chief magistrate intended to undo the resuitsof the war in i-egard to slavery; and, second,the sullen altitude of the South, whichseemed to be plotting to regain the polic}-which arms had lost. The credentials of theSouthern members elect were laid on thetable, a civil rights bill and a bill extendingthe sphere of the Freedmen's Bureau werepassed over the executive veto, and the twohighest branches of the Government weresoon in open antagonism. The action ofCongress was characterized by the Presidentas a " new rebellion." In July thecabinet was reconstructed, Messrs. Randall,Stanbury and Browning taking the placesof Messrs. Denison, Speed and Harlan, andan unsuccessful attempt was made bymeans of a general convention in Philadelphiato form a new [)arty on the basisof theadministration policy.In an excursion to Chicago for the purposeof laying a corner-stone of the monumentto Stephen A. Douglas, PresidentJohnson, accompanied by several membersof the cabinet, passed through Philadelphia.New York and Albany, in each of whichcities, and in other places along theroute,he made speeches justifying and explaininghis own policy, and violently denouncingthe action of Congress.August 12, 1867, President Johnson removedthe Secretary of War, replacinghim by General Grant. Secretary Stantonretired under protest, based upon the tenure-of-officeact which had been passed thepreceding March. The President then issueda proclamation declaring the insurrec-

A NDRB W JOHNSON.tion at an end, and that " peace, order, tranquilityand civil authority existed in andthroughout the United States." Anotherproclamation enjoined obedience to theConstitution and the laws, and an amnestywas published September 7, relieving nearlyall the participants in the late Rebellionfrom the disabilities thereby incurred, oncondition of taking the oath to support theConstitution and the laws.In December Congress refused to confirmthe removal of Secretary Stanton, whothereupon resumed the exercise of his office;but February 21, 1868, PresidentJohnson again attempted to remove him,appointing General Lorenzo Thomas in hisplace. Stanton refused to vacate his post,and was sustained by the Senate.February 24 the House of Representativesvoted to impeach the President for" high crime and misdemeanors," and Marchpresented eleven articles of impeachment5on the ground of his resistance to the executionof the acts of Congress, alleging, inaddition to the offense lately committed,his public expressions of contempt for Congress,in " certain intemperate, inflammatoryand scandalous harangues" pronouncedin August and September, 1866, and thereafterdeclaring that the Thirty-ninth Congressof the United States was not acompetent legislative body, and denyingits power to propose Constitutional amendments.March 23 the impeachment trialbegan, the President appearing by counsel,and resulted in acquittal, the vote lackingone of the two-thirds vote required forconviction.The remainder of President Johnson'sterm of office was passed without any suchconflicts as might have been anticipated.He failed to obtain a nomination for reelectionby the Democratic party, thoughreceiving sixty-five votes on the first ballot.July 4 and December 25 new proclamationsof pardon to the participants in the lateRebellion were issued, but were of littleeffect. On the accession of General Grantto the Presidency, March 4, 1869, Johnsonreturned to Greenville, Tennessee. Unsuccessfulin 1870 and 1872 as a candidate respectivelyfor United States Senator andRepresentative, he was finally elected to theSenate in1875, and took his seat in the extrasession of March, in which his speecheswere comparatively temperate. He diedJuly 31, 1875, and was buried at Greenville.President Johnson's admmistiation was apeculiarly unfortunate one. That he shouldso soon become involved in bitter feud withthe Republican majority in Congress wascertainly a surprising and deplorable incident;yet, in reviewing the circumstancesafter a lapse of so many years, it is easy tofind ample room for a charitable judgmentof both the parties in the heated controversy,since it cannot be doubted that anyPresident, even Lincoln himself, had helived, must have sacrificed a large portionof his popularity in carrying out any possiblescheme of reconstruction.

ilirlni'p PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES.^y^ » a i itl I?5riiTi^.}^*'VTJ^m ¥T 1*] U'iij i^^i j li i li i l jliii ll iilli l i lll iil .il i iS.g« r¥ ri r¥ » " t^ yr n n rj "-««^Eif^igiK^^,^' ;-.^^. ^^^'.'^ -.vi%^ "^k; ^iC'*--'a lj ii li i ij ii l . j ii j ii i i li. »»:"{t*^ifc^-^-^LYSSES SIMPSONGRANT, the eighteenthPresident of theUnited States, i869-'77,was born April 27, 1822,at Po i n t Pleasant,Fg^,;>-*'^'i'Ti^ Clermont Countv,Oiiio. His father was of Scotchdescent, and a dealer in leather.At the age of seventeen he enteredthe Military Academ}' atWest Point, and four jears latergraduated twenty-first in a classof thirty-nine, receiving thecommission of Brevet Secondieutenant. He was assignedto the Fourth Infantrv and remainedin the army eleven years. He wasengaged in every battle of the Mexican warexcept that of Buena \'ista, and receivedtwo brevets for gallantry.In 1848 Mr. Grant married Julia, daughterof Frederick Dent, a jirominent merchant ofSt. Louis, and in 1S54, having reached thegrade of Captain, he resigned his commissionin the army. For several years he followedfarming near St. Louis, but unsuccessfully; and in i860 he entered the leathertrade with his father at Galena, Illinois.When the civil war broke out in 1861,Grant was thirty-nine years of age, but entirelyunknown to publicmen and withoutany personal acquaintance with great affairs.President Lincoln's first call for troops wasmade on the 15th of April, and on the 19thGrant was drilling a company of volimteersat Galena. He also offered his services tothe Adjutant-General of the army, but receivedno replv. The Governor of Illinois,however, employed him in the organizationof volunteer troops, and at the end of fiveweeks he was appointed Colonel of theTwenty-first Infantry. He took commandof his regiment in June, and reported firstto General Pope in Missouri. His superiorknowledge of military life rather surprisedhis superior officers, who had never beforeeven heard ofto place him on thehim, and they were thus ledroad to rapid advancement.August 7 he was commissioned aBrigadier-General of volunteers, the appointmenthaving been made without hisknowledge. He had been unanimouslyrecommended bv the Congressmen fromIllinois, not one of wluini had been hispersonal acquaintance. For a few weekshe was occupied in watching the movementsof partisan forces in Missouri.September i he was placed in commandof the District of Southeast Missouri, withheadquarters at Cairo, and on the 6th, withoutorders, he seized Paducah, at the mouthof the Tennessee River, and commandingtiic navigation both of that stream and oi

;[/LISSES S. GRANT.99the Ohio. This stroke secured Kentuckyto the Union ; for the State Legislature,which had until then affected to be neutral,at once declared in favor of the Government.In November following, accordingto orders, he made a demonstration abouteighteen miles below Cairo, preventing tiiecrossing of hostile troops into Missouribut in order to accomplish this purpose hehad to do some fighting, and that, too, withonly 3,000 raw recruits, against 7,000 Confederates.Grant carried off two pieces ofartillery and 200 prisoners.After repeated applications to GeneralHalleck, his immediate superior, he wasallowed, in February, 1862, to move up theTennessee River against Fort Henry, inconjunction with a naval force. The gunboatssilenced the fort, and Grant immediatelymade preparations to attack FortDonelson, about twelve miles distant, onthe Cumberland River. Without waitingfor orders he moved his troops there, andwith 15,000 men began the siege. Thefort, garrisoned with 21,000 men, was astrong one, but after hard fighting on threesuccessive days Grant forced an " UnconditionalSurrender " (an alliteration uponthe initials of his name). The prize he capturedconsisted of sixty-five cannon, 17,600small arms and 14,623 soldiers. About 4,-000 of the garrison had escaped in the night,and 2,500 were killed or wounded. Grant'sentire loss was less than 2,000. This was thefirst important success won by the nationaltroops during the war, and its strategic resultswere marked, as the entire States ofKentucky and Tennessee at once fell into theNational hands. Our hero was made aMajor-General of Volunteers and placed incommand of the District of West Tennessee.In March, 1862, he was ordered to moveup the Tennessee River toward Corinth,where the Confederates were concentratinga large army ; but he was directed notto attack. His forces, now numbering 38.-000, were accordingly encamped near Shiloh,or Pittsburg Landing, to await thearrival of General Buell with 40,000 more;but April 6 the Confederates came out fromCorinth 50,000 strong and attacked Grantviolently, hoping to overwhelm him beforeBuell could arrive; 5,000 of his troops werebeyond supporting distance, so that he waslargely outnumbered and forced back to theriver, where, however, he held out untildark, when the head of Buell's columncame upon the field. The next day theConfederates were driven back to Corinth,nineteen miles. The loss was heavy onboth sides; Grant, being senior in rank toBuell, commanded on both days. Twodays afterward Halleck arrived at the frontand assumed command of the army. Grantremaining at the head of the right wing andthe reserve. On May 30 Corinth wasevacuated by the Confederates. In JulyHalleck was made General-in-Chief, andGrant succeeded him in command of theDepartment of the Tennessee. September19 the battle of luka was fought, where,owing to Rosecrans's fault, only an incompletevictory was obtained.Next, Grant, with 30,000 men, moveddown into Mississippi and threatened Vicksburg,while Sherman, with 40,000 men, wassent by way of the river to attack that placein front; but, owing to Colonel Murphy'ssurrendering Holly Springs to the Confederates,Grant was so weakened that hehad to retire to Corinth, and then Shermanfailed to sustain his intended attack.In January, 1863, General Grant tookcommand in person of all the troops in theMississippi Valley, and spent several monthsin fruitless attempts to compel the surrenderor evacuation of Vicksburg; but July 4,following, the place surrendered, with 31,-600 men and 172 cannon, and the MississippiRiver thus fell permanently into the handsof the Government. Grant was made atOf C.

PltESIDE.V'JS OF J HE UMTED STAThS.Major-General in the regular army, and inOctober following he was placed in commandof the Division of the Mississippi.The same month he went to Chattanoogaand saved the Army of the Cumberlandfrom starvation, and drove Bragg from thatpart of the countr}-. This victory overthrewthe last important hostile force westof the Alleghanies and opened the way forthe National armies into Georgia and Sherman'smarch to the sea.The remarkable series of successes whichGrant had now achieved pointed him outas the appropriate leader of the Nationalarmies, and accordingly, in February, 1864,the rank of Lieutenant-General was createdfor him by Congress, and on March 17 heassumed command of the armies of theUnited States. Planning the grand finalcampaign, he sent Sherman into Georgia,Sigel into the valley of Virginia, and Butlerto capture Richmond, while he fought hisown way from the Rapidan to the James.The costly but victorious battles of theWilderness, Spottsylvania, North Anna andCold Harbor were fought, more for thepurpose of annihilating Lee than to captureany particular point. In June, 1864, thesiege of Richmond was begun. Sherman,meanwhile, was marching and fighting dailyin Georgia and steadily advancing towardAtlanta ; but Sigel had been defeated in thevalley of Virginia, and was superseded byHunter. Lee sent Early to threaten the Nationalcapital ; whereupon Grant gatheredup a force which lie placed under Sheridan,and that commander rapidly drove Early,in a succession of battles, througli tiicvalleyof Virginia and destroyed his army as anorganized force. The siege of Richmondwent on, and Grant made numerous attacks,but was only partially successful. Thepeople of the North grew impatient, andeven the Government advised him toabandon the attempt to take Richmond orcrush the Confederacy in that way ; but henever wavered. He resolved to " fight itout on that line, if it took all summer."By September Sherman had made hisway to Atlanta, and Grant then sent himon his famous " march to the sea," a routewhich the chief had designed six monthsbefore. He made Sherman's success possible,not only by holding Lee in front ofRichmond, but also by sending reinforcementsto Thomas, who then drew off anddefeated the only army which could haveconfronted Sherman. Thus the latter wasleft unopposed, and, with Thomas and Sheridan,was used in the furtherance of Grant'splans. Each executed his part in the greatdesign and contributedhis share to the resultat which Grant was aiming.Shermanfinally reached Savannah, Schofield beatthe cncmv at Franklin, Thomas at Nashville,and Sheridan wherever he met him;and allthis while General Grant was holdingLee, with the principal Confederatearmy, near Richmond, as it were chainedand helpless. Then Schofield was broughtfrom the West, and Fort Fisher and Wilmingtonwere captured on the sea-coast, soas to aflord him a foothold ; from here hewas sent into the interior of North Carolina,and Sherman was ordered to movenorthward to join him. When all this waseffected, and Sheridan could find no one elseto fight in the Shenandoah Valley, Grantbrought the cavalry leader to the front ofRichmond, and, making a last effort, droveLee from his entrenchments and capturedRichmontl.At tiic beginning of the final campaignLee had collected 73,000 fighting men inthe lines at Richmond, besides the localmilitia and the gunboat crews, amountingto 5,000 more. Including Sheridan's forceGrant had 1 10,000 men in the works beforePetersburg and Richmond. Petersburg fellon the 2d of April, and Richmond on tl-.e3d, and Lee fled in the direction of Lynchburg.Grant pursued with remorseless

;i/LrssES s. (;ra,\t.energy, only stopping to strike fresh blows,and Lee at last found himself not only outfoughtbut also out-marched and out-generaled.Being completely surrounded, hesurrendered on the 9th of April, 1865, atAppomattox Court-House, in the open fiekl,with 27,000 men, all that remained of hisarmy. This act virtually ended tiie war.Thus, in ten days Grant had capturedPetersburg and Richmond, fought, by hissubordinates, the battles of Five Forks andSailor's Creek, besides numerous smallerones, captured 20,000 men in actual battle,and received the surrender of 27,000 moreat Appomattox, absolutely annihilating anarmy of 70,000 soldiers.General Grant returned at once to Washingtonto superintend the disbandment ofthe armies, but this pleasurable work wasscarcely begun when President Lincoln wasassassinated. It had doubtless been intendedto inflict the same fate upon Grantbut he, fortunately, on account of leavingWashington early in the evening, declinedan invitation to accompany the Presidentto the theater where the murder was committed.This event made .Vndrew JohnsonPresident, but left Grant by far the mostconspicuous figure in the public life of thecountry. He became the object of an enthusiasmgreater than had ever been knownin America. Every possible honor washeaped upon him ; the grade of Generalwas created for him by Congress; houseswere presented to him by citizens; townswere illuminated on his entrance into them;and, to cap the climax, when he made histour around the world, "all nations did himhonor" as they had never before honoreda foreigner.The General, as Commander-in-Chief,was placed in an embarrassing position bythe opposition of President Johnson to themeasures of Congress ; but he directly manifestedhis characteristic loyalty by obeyingCongress rather than the disaffected President,although for a short time he hadserved in his cabinet as Secretary of War.Of course, everybody thought of GeneralGrant as the next President of the UnitedStates, and he was accordingly elected assuch in 1868 " by a large majority," andfour years later re-elected by a much largermajority — the most overwhelming evergiven by the people of this country.administration was distinguishedHis firstby a cessationof the strifes which sprang from thewar, by a large retluction of the Nationaldebt, and by a settlement ofthe difficultieswith England which had grown out of thedepredations committed by privateers fittedout in England during the war. Thislast settlement was made by the famous" Geneva arbitration," which saved to thisGovernment $15,000,000, but, more than all,prevented a war with England. "Let ushave peace," was Grant's motto. And thisis the most appropriate place to remarkthat above all Presidents whom this Governmenthas ever had. General Grant wasthe most non-partisan. He regarded theExecutive office as purely and exclusivelyexecutive of the laws of Congress, irrespectiveof " politics." But every great manhas jealous, bitter enemies, a fact Grantwas well aware of.After the close of his Presidency, ourGeneral made his famous tour around theworld, already referred to, and soon afterward,in company with Ferdinand Ward,of New York City, he engaged in bankingand stock brokerage, which business wasmade disastrous to Grant, as well as to himself,by his rascality. By this time an incurablecancer of the tongue developeditself in the person of the afflicted ex-President, which ended his unrequited lifeJuly 23, 1885. Thus passed away fromearth's turmoils the man, the General, whowas as truly the " father of this regeneratedcountry" as was Washington the father ofthe infant nation.

2PRES/DEXTS OF THE UXITED STATES.^^.gkriWPMFmn n i n?" * i'mTt\ mrfi mrrt ^r/^oi>.-^f||**Si^MifilESoljt) t?.jXW.4*|g^JTHERFORD BIRCH-ARD HAYES, thenine-' teenth President of'the United States,i877-'8i, was born inf^sr^#^T^^^' 'i,, Delaware, Ohio, Oc-'^(.m^-'^-^^^ tober 4, .822. Hisshield,ancestry can be traced as farback as 1280, when Hayes andRutherford were two Scottishchieftains fighting side by sidewith Baliol, WilHam Wallaceand Robert Bruce. Both familiesbelonged to the nobility,owned extensive estates and hada large following. The Hayesfamily had, for a coatof-arms, abarred and surmounted by a flyingeagle. There was a circle of stars aboutthe eagle and above the shield, while on ascroll underneath the shield was inscribedthe motto, " Recte." Misfortune overtakingthe family, George Hayes left Scotland in1680, and settled in Windsor, Connecticut.He was an industrious worker in wood andiron, having a mechanical genius and a cultivatedmind. His son George was bornin Windsor and remained there during hislife.Daniel Hayes, son of the latter, marriedSarah Lee, and lived in Simsburv, Connecticut.Ezekiel, son of Daniel, was bornin 1724, and was a manufacturer of scythesat Bradford, Connecticut. RutherfordHayes, son of Ezekiel and grandfather ofPresident Hayes, was born in New Haven,in August, 1756. He was a famous blacksmithand tavern-keeper. He immigrated toVermont at an unknown date, settling inBrattleboro where he established a hotel.Here his son Rutherford, father of PresidentHayes, was born. In September, 1813,he married Sophia Birchard, of Wilmington,Vermont, whose ancestry on the maleside is traced back to 1635, to John Birchard,one of the principal founders of Norwich.Both of her grandfathers weresoldiers in the Revolutionary war.The father of President Hayes was of amechanical turn, and could mend a plow,knit a stocking, or do almost anything thathe might undertake. He was prosperousin business, a member of the church andactive in all the benevolent enterprises ofthe town. After the close of the war of 181he immigrated to Ohio, and purchased afarm near the present town of Delaware.His family then consisted of his wife andtwo children, and an orphan girl whom hehad adopted.It was in 1817 that the family arrived atDelaware. Instead of settling upon his

O .-/LvC^//

RUTHERFORD B. HAYES. 'OSfarm, Mr. Hayes concluded to enter intobusiness in the village. He purchased aninterest in a distillery, a business then as respectableas it was profitable. His capitaland recognized ability assured him thehighest social position in the community.He died July 22, 1822, less than threemonths before the birth of the son that wasdfistined to fill the office of President of theUnited States.Mrs. Hayes at this period was very weak,and the subject of this sketch was so feebleat birth that he was not expected to livebeyond a month or two at most. As themonths went by he grew weaker and weakerso that the neighbors were in the habit ofinquiring from time to time " if Mrs.Hayes's baby died last night." On one occasiona neighbor, who was on friendlyterms with the famiU , after alluding to theboy's big head and the mother's assiduouscare of him, said to her, in a bantering way,"That's right! Stick to him. You havegot him along so far, and I shouldn't wonderif he would really come to somethingyet." " You need not laugh," said Mrs.Hayes, " you wait and see. You can't tellbut I shall make him President of theUnited States yet."The boy lived, in spite of the universaland when,predictions of his speedy death;in 1825, his elder brother was drowned, hebecame, if possible, still dearer to his mother.He was seven years old before he wasplaced in school. His education, however,was not neglected. His sports were almostwholly within doors, his playmates beinghis sister and her associates. These circumstancestended, no doubt, to foster thatgentleness of disposition and that delicateconsideration for the feelings of otherswhicli are marked traits of his character.At school he was ardently devoted to hisstudies, obedient to the teacher, and carefulto avoid the quarrels in which many ofhis schoolmates were involved. He wasalways waiting at the school-house doorwhen it opened in the morning, and neverlate in returning to his seat at recess. Hissister Fannie was his constant companion,and their affection for each other excitedthe admiration of their friends.In 1S38 young Hayes entered KenyonCollege and graduated in 1842. He thenbegan the study of law in the office olThomas Sparrow at Columbus. His healthwas now well established, his figure robust,his mind vigorous and alert. In a shorttime he determined to enter the law schoolat Cambridge, Massachusetts, where fortwo years he pursued his studies with greatdiligence.In 1845 he was admitted to the bar atMarietta, Ohio, and shortly afterward wentinto practice as an attorney-at-law withRalph P. Buckland, of Fremont. Here heremained three years, acquiring but limitedpractice, and apparently unambitious otdistinction in his profession. His bacheloruncle, Sardis Birchard, who had alwaysmanifested great interest in his nephew andrendered him assistance in boyhood, wasnow a wealthy banker, and it was understoodthat the young man would be hisheir. It is possible that this expectationmay have made Mr. Hayes more indifferentto the attainment of wealth than he wouldotherwise have been, but he was led into noextravagance or vices on this account.In 1849 '^^ removed to Cincinnati wherehis ambition found new stimulus. Twoevents occurring at this period had a powerfulinfluence upon his subsequent life.One of them was his marriage to MissLucy Ware Webb, daughter of Dr. JamesWebb, of Cincinnati; the other was hisintroduction to the Cincinnati LiteraryClub, a body embracing such men as ChiefJustice Salmon P. Chase, General JohnPope and Governor Edward F. Noyes.The marriage was a fortunate one as everybodyknows. Not one of all the wives ol

io6 PRESIDENTS OF THE UX/TED STATES.our Presidents was more universally admired,reverenced and beloved than is Mrs.Hayes, and no one has done more than sheto reflect honor upon American womanhood.In 1856 JSIr. Hayes was nominated to theoffice of Judge o( the Court of CommonPleas, but declined to accept tiu' nomination.Two years later he was chosen to theoffice of City Solicitor.In 1861, when the Rebellion broke out,he was eager to take up arms in the defenseof his country. His military life wasbright and illustrious. June 7, 1861, hewas appointed Major of the Twcntv-lhirdOhio Infantry. In July the regiment wassent to Virginia. October 15, 1861, he wasmade Lieutenant-Ccjloncl of his regiment,and in .August, 1862, was promoted Colonelof the Seventy-ninth Ohio Regiment, butrefused to leave his old comrades. He waswounded at the battle of South Mountain,and suffered severely, being unable to enterupon active duty for several weeks. November30, 1862, he rejoined his regiment asits Colonel, having been promoted October1 5.December 25, 1862, he was placed in commandof the Kanawha division, and formeritorious service in several battles waspromoted Brigadier-General. He was alsobrevetted .Major-General fordistinguislicdservices in 1864. He was wounded lourtimes, and five horses were shot fromunder him.-Mr. Hayes was first a Whig in politics,and was among the first to unite with theFree-Soil and Republican parties. In 1864he was elected to Congress from che SecondOhio District, which had always beenDemocratic, receiving a majority of 3,098.In 1866 he was renominated for Congressand was a second time elected. In 1867 hewas elected Governor over Allen G. Thurman,the Democratic candidate, and reelectedin 1869. In 1874 Sardis Bircharddied, leaving his large estate to GeneralHayes.In 1876 he was nominated for the Presidency.His letter of acceptance excitedthe admiration of the whole country. Heresigned the office of Governor and retiredto his home in Fremont to await the resultof the canvass. After a hard, long contesthe was inaugurated March 5, 1877. HisPresidency was characterized by compromiseswith all parties, in order to please asman}- as possible. The close of his Presidentialterm in 1881 was the close of hispublic life, and since then he has remainedat his home in Fremont, Ohio, in Jeffersonianretirement from public notice, in strikingcontrast with most others of the wcjrld'snotables.

yAA/ES A. GARFIELD. 1 09\ '^i^-.K ;l^.''l^;•l^;>l^;'l^7'l^:*l•^>'^'^^%'V^^

Afterward he returned to Hiram as President.PRES/DEXTS OF THE UNITED STATES.In his youthful and therefore zealouspiety, he exercised his talents occasionallyas a preacher of the Gospel. He was aman of strong moral and religious convictions,and as soon as he began to look intopolitics, he saw innumerable points thatcould be improved. He also studied law,and was admitted to the bar in 1859.November 11, i.SjS, Mr. Garfield marriedMiss Lucretia Rudolph, who ever afterwardproved a worthy consort in all thestages of her husband's career. They hadseven children, five of whom are still living.It was in 1859 that Garfield made hisfirst political speeches, in Hiram and theneighboring villages, and three years laterhe began to speak at county mass-meetings,being received everywhere with popularfavor. He was elected to the State Senatethis year, taking his seat in January, 1S60.On the breaking out of the war of theRebellion in 1861, Mr. Garfield resolved tofight as he had talked, and accordingly heenlisted to defend the old flag, receivinghis commission as Lieutenant-Colonel of theFortv-second Regiment of the Ohio VolunteerInfantry, August 14, that year. Hewas iminediatclv thrown into active service,and before he had ever seen a gun fired inaction he was placed in command of fourregiments of infantry and eight companiesof cavalry, charged with the work of drivingthe Confederates, headed by HumphreyMarshall, from his native State, Kentuckv.This task was speedily accomplished, althoughagainst great odds. On account ofhis success, President Lincoln commissionedhim Brigadier-General, January 11, 1862;and, as he had been the youngest man inthe Ohio Senate two years before, so nowhe was the youngest General in the arniv.He was with General Buell's army at Shiloh,also in its operations around Corinthand its march through Alabama. Next, hecourt-martial for the trial of General Fitz-John Porter, and then ordered to report toGeneral Rosecians, when he was assignedto the position of Chief of Staff. His militaryhistory closed with his brilliant servicesat Chickamauga, where he won thestars of Major-General.In the fall of 1862, without any effort onhis part, he was elected as a Representativeto Congress, from that section of Ohiowhich had been represented for si.xty jearsmainly by two men—Elisha Whittlesey andJoshua R. Giddings. Again, he was theyoungest member of that body, and continuedthere by successive re-elections, asRepresentative or Senator, until he waselected President in 1880. During his lifein Congress he compiled and published byhis speeches, there and elsewhere, moreinformation on the issues of the day, especiallyon one side, than any other member.June 8, 1880, at the National RepublicanConvention held in Chicago, General Garfieldwas nominated for the Presidency, inpreference to the old war-horses, Blaineand Grant ; and although many of the Re-[Hiblican party felt sore over the failure oftheir respectiveheroes to obtain the nomination.General Garfield was elected by afair popular majority. He was dul)- inaugurated,but on July 2following, beforehe had fairly got started in his administration,he was fatally shot by a half-dementedassassin.After very painful and protractedsuffering, he died September 19, 1881, lamentedby all the American people. Neverbefore in the history of this country hadanything occurred which so nearly frozethe blood of the Nation, for the moment, asthe awful act of Guiteau, the murderer.He was duly tried, convicted and put todeath on the gallows.The lamented Garfield was succeeded bythe Vice-President, General Arthur, whoseemed to endeavor to carry out the policywas detailed as a member of the general inauguratetl bv his predeccsso!'.

CHESTER A. ARTHUR. "3{gi,f^'>t>-'•!•'tifjiij» -I- t4> •! «j» -T- (a)ac'l^.>l'oal'vi; -i- "«j» -i-

I'4 PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES.moii, of Virginia, to recover the negroes,but he lost the suit. In this case, however,Mr. Arthur was assisted by William M.Evarts, now United States Senator. Soonafterward, in 1856, a respectable coloredwoman was ejected from a street car inNew York City. Mr. .Arthur sued the carcompany in her bclialf and recovered $500damages. Immediatel}' afterward all thecar companies inthe city issued orders totheir employes to admit colored personsupon their cars.Mr. Arthur's political doctrines, as wellas his practice as a lawyer, raised iiim toprominence in the party of freedom; andaccordingly he was sent as a delegate tothe first National Republican Convention.Soon afterward he was appointed JudgeAdvocate for the Second I^rigade of theState of New York, ami then Engineer-in-Chief on Governor .Morgan's staff.In if^6i,the first year of the war, he was made Inspector-General,and next, Quartermaster-General, in both which officeshe renderedgreat service to the Government. Afterthe close of Governor Morgan's term heresumed the practice of law, forming first apartnership with Mr. Ransom, and subsequentlyadding Mr. Phelps to the firm.Each of these gentlemen were able law3'ers.November 21, 1872, General Arthur wasappointed Collector of the Port of NewYork by President Grant, and he lield theoffice until July 20, 1878.The next event of prominence in Genera!Arthur's career was his nomination to tlieV ice-Presidency of the United States, underthe influence of Roscoe Conkling, at theNational Republican Convention held atChicago in June, 1880, when James A. Garfieldwas placed at the head of the ticket.Both the convention and the campaign thatfollowed were noisy and exciting. Thetriends of Grant, constituting nearly halfthe convention, were exceedingly persistent,and were sorely disappomted overtheir defeat. At the head of the Democraticticket was placed a ver}'^ strong andpopular man yet Garfield and Arthur were;elected by a respectable pluraht}' of thepopular vote. The 4th of March following,these gentlemen were accordingly inaugurated; but within four months the assassin'sbullet made a fatal wound in the person ofGeneral Garfield, whose life terminatedSeptember 19, 1881, when General Arthur,ex officio, was obliged to take the chiefreins of government. Some misgivingswere entertained bv many in this event, asMr. Arthur was thought to represent especially the Grant and Conkling wing of theRepublican [jartv ; but President .Vrthurhad both the ability and tlie good sense toallay all fears, and he gave the restless,critical American people as good an administrationas they had ever been blessedwith. Neither selfishness nor low partisanismever characterized any feature ofhis public service.He ever maintained ahigh sense of every individual right as wellas of the Nation's honor.Indeed, he stoodso high that his successor, President Cleveland,though of opposing politics, expresseda wish in his inaugural address that hecould onlv satisfy the people witli as goodan administration.But the day of civil service reform hadcome in so far, and the corresponding reactionagainst " third-termism" had encroachedso far even upon "second-term"service, that the Republican partv saw fitin1884 to nominate another man for President.Only by this means was GeneralArthur's tenure of office closed at Washingtiiii.On bis retirement from the Presidency,March, 18S5, he engaged iii thepractice t)t'law at Kew York City, where hedied -Xovomher l^i, l^^O.

,GROVRR CLEVELAND. 117^i>

ii8 PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES.was for a short time at the academy. Hislather, however, believed that boys shouldbe taught to labor at an early age, and beforehe had completed the course ofstudyat the academy he began to work in thevillage store at S50 for the first year, and thepromise of $100 for the second year. Hiswork was well done and the promised increaseof pay was granted the second year.Meanwhile his father and family hadmoved to Clinton, the seat of HamiltonCollege, where his father acted as agent tothe Presbyterian Board of Home Missions,preaching in the churches of the vicinity.Hither Grover came at his father's requestshortly after the beginning of his secondyear at the Fayetteville store, and resumedhis studies at the Clinton Academy. Afterthree years spent in this town, the Rev.Richard Cleveland was called to the villagechurch of Holland Patent. He hadpreached here only a month when he wassuddenly stricken down and died withoutan hour's warning. The death of the fatherleft the family in straitened circumstances,as Richard Cleveland had spent all hissalary of $1,000 per year, which was notrequired for the necessaryexpenses of living,upon the education of his children, ofwhom there were nine, Grover being thefifth. Grover was hoping to enter HamiltonCollege, but the death of iiis fathermade it necessary for him to earn his ownlivelihood. For the first year (iS53-'4) heacted as assistant teacher and bookkeeper inthe Institution for the Blind in New YorkCity, of which the late Augustus Schell wasfor many )'ears the patron. In the winterof 1854 he returned to Holland Patentwhere the generous people of that place,Fayetteville and Clinton, had purchased ahome for his mother, and in the followingspring, borrowing $25, he set out for theWest to earn his living.Reaching Buffalo he paid a hasty visit toan uncle, Lewis F. Allen, a well-knownstock farmer, living at Black Rock, a fewmiles distant. He communicated his plansto Mr. Allen, who discouraged the idea ofthe West, and finall)- induced the enthusiasticboy of seventeen to remain with himand help him prepare a catalogue of bloodedshort-horn cattle, known as " Allen's AmericanHerd Book," a publication familiar toall breeders of cattle. In August, 1S55, heentered the law office of Rogers, Bowen& Rogers, at Buffalo, and after serving afew months without pav, was paid §4 aweek—an amount barel}' sufficient to meetthe necessary expenses of his board in thefamily of a fellow-student in Buffalo, withwhom he took lodgings. Life at this timewith Grover Cleveland was a stern battlewith the world. He took his breakfast bycandle-light with the drovers, and went atonce to the office where the whole day wasspent in work and stud}-. Usually he returnedagain at night to resume readingwhich had been interrupted by the dutiesof the day. Gradually his cmplovers cameto recognize the ability, trustworthinessand capacit)' for hard work in their youngemploye, and by the time he was admittedto the bar (1859) he stood high in their confidence.A year later he was made confidentialand managing clerk, and in thecourse of three years more his salary hadbeen raised to $1,000. In 1863 he was appointedassistant district attorney of ErieCounty by the district attorney, the Hon.C. C. Torrance.Since his first vote had been cast in 1858he had been a staunch Democrat, and untillie was chosen Governor he always madeit his duty, rain or shine, to stand at thepolls and give out ballots to Democraticvoters. During the first year of his termas assistant district attorney, the Democratsdesired especially to carry the Board of Supervisors.The ofd Second Ward in whichhe lived was Republican- ordinarily by 250majority, but at the urgent request of the

GRO VER CL E VELA ND. 119party Grover Cleveland consented to bethe Democratic candidate for Supervisor,dnd came within thirteen votes of an election.The three years spent in the districtattorney's office were devoted to assiduouslabor and the extension of hisprofessionalattainments. He then formed a law partnershipwith the late Isaac V. Vanderpoel,ex-State Treasurer, under the firm nameof Vanderpoel cSc Cleveland. Here the bulkof the work devolved on Cleveland's shoulders,and he soon won a good standing atthe bar of Erie County. In 1869 Mr.Cleveland formed a partnership with ex-Senator A. P. Laning and ex-AssistantUnited States District Attorney Oscar Folsom,under the firm name of Laning, Cleveland& Folsom. During these years hebegan to earn a moderate professional income;but the larger portion of it was sentto his mother and sisters at Holland Patentto whose support he had contributedeversince i860. He served as sheriff of ErieCounty, i870-'4, and then resumed thepractice of law, associating himself with theHon. Lvman K. Bass and Wilson S. Bissell.The firm was strong and popular, and sooncommanded a large and lucrative practice.Ill health forced the retirement of Mr. Bassin 1879, and the firm became Cleveland &Bissell. In 1881 Mr. George J. Sicard wasadded to the firm.In the autumn election of 1881 he waselected mayor of Buffalo by a majority otover 3,500—the largest majority ever givena candidate for mayor^and the Democraticcity ticket was successful, although theRepublicans carried Buffalo by over 1,000majority for their State ticket. GroverCleveland's administration as mayor fullyjustified the confidence reposed in him bythe people of Buffalo, evidenced by thegreat vote he received.The Democratic State Convention metat Syracuse, September 22, 1882, and nominatedGrover Cleveland for Governoron the third ballot and Cleveland waselected by 192,000 majority. In the (all of1884 he was elected President of the UnitedStates by about 1,000 popular majority,in New York State, and he was accordinglyinaugurated the 4th of March following.

PRESTDEXTS OF THE tW'ITEDSTATES.=/**-*. ^=^-^^.BENJAMIN HAI^I^ISON.liENJAMINHARRISON,the twenty-third Presidentof the United States,1889, was born at NorthBend, Hamilton (bounty,Ohio, in the house of hisgrandfather, "William HenryHarrison (who was theninth J^resident of thiscountry), August 20th,1833. He is a descendantof one of the historicalfamilies of this country, asalso of P^ngland. Thehead of the family was aMajor-(4eneralHarrisonwho was devoted to the cause of OliverCromwell. Jt liecame the duty of this Harrisonto participate in the trial of Charles 1.and afterward to sicrn the death warrant ofthe king, which subsequently cost him hislife. His enemies succeeding to power, hewas condemned and executed October 13th,KitiO. His descendants came to America,and the first mention made in historyof theHarrison family as representative in publicaffairs, is that of Benjamin Harrison, greatgrandfatherof our present President, whowas a member of the Continental Congress,17'''4— 5-0, and one of the original signersofthe Declaration of Independence, and threetimes Governor of Virginia.His son, WilliamHenry Harrison, made a brilliantmilitaryrecord, wasGovernor of the NorthwestTerritory, and the ninth President of theUnited States.Tlie subject of this sketch at an earlyagebecame a student at Farmers College, wherehe remained two years, at the end of whichtime he entered Miami University, at Oxford,Ohio. Upon graduation from said seatof learnin

CK^a^;^^'?^

BENJAMIN' HARRISON.closely to his l)iisinei?, and by perseverance,lionorahle dealing and an upright life, succeededin building up an extensive practice andtook a leading position in the legal profession.In 1S60 be was nominated for the positionof Supreme Court Reporter for the State ofIndiana, and then Ijegan his experience as astump speaker. lie canvassed the Statethoroughly and was elected.In 18r)2 his patriotism caused him toabandon a civilidlico aixl to offer his counti-yhis services in a military capacity. He organizedthe Scventietli Indiana Infantry andwas chosen its ( 'olonel. Althoufjh his I'ccrimentwas composed of raw material, and hepractically void of military schooling, he atonce mastered military t.'ictics and drilled hismen, sothat when he with his regiment wasassigned to Gen. Sherman's command it wasknown as one of the best drilled organizationsof the army. He was especiallydistinguished for bravery at tlie battles ofHesacca and Peach Tree Creek. For hisbraveryand efficiency at the last named battlehe was made a Brigadier-General, GeneralHooker speaking of him in the mostcom pi i me n tary term s.While (ieneral Harrison was actively engagedinthe held (lie Supreme Court declaredthe office of Supreme Court Heportcr vacant,and another person was elected to fill theposition. From the time of leaving Indianawith his regiment for the front,until the fallof ISO-i, General Harrison had taken no leaveof absence. But having been Tiominatedthat year for the same office that he vacatedin order to serve his country where he coulddo the greatest good, he got a thirty-day leaveof absence, and during that time canvassedthe State and was elected for another term asSupreme Court Reporter. He then started'to rejoin his command, then with GeneralSherman iu the South, but was stricken downwith fever and after a very trying siege, madehis way to the front, and participated in theclosing scenes and incidents of the war.In 186'S General Harrison declined a reelectionas Reporter, and applied himself tothe practice of his profession. He was acandidate for Governor of Indiana on theRepublican ticket in Is7(!. Although defeated,the brilliant camj)aign brought himto public notice and gave him a Nationalreputation as an able and formidable debaterand he was much sought in the EasternStates as a public speaker. He took an activepart in the Presidential campaign of1880, .'itid was elected to the United StatesSenate, where he served six years, and wasknown as one of the strongest deliaters, aswell as one of the aljlest men and best lawyers.When his term expired in tlie Senatehe resumed his law practice at Indiana]K>lis,becoming the bead of one of the strongestlaw firms in the State of Indiana.Sometime prior to the opening of thePresidential campaign of 1888, the two greatpolitical parties (Republican and Democratic)drew the line of political l.iattle on the questionof tariff, vvdiich became the leading; issueand the rallyirg watchword during the memorablecami,'..;^-n. The Repul)licans appealedto the people for their voice as to a tariff toprotect home industries, while the Democratswanted a tariff for revenue only. The Repulilicanconvention assembled in Chicago inJune and selected Mr. Harrison as theirstandanl bearer on a jilatform of jrinciples,among other important clauses being that (_d'protection, which he cordially indorsed inaccepting the nomination. November H,1888, after a heated canvass, General Harrisonwas elected, defeating Grover Cleveland,who was ao-ain the nominee of the Democraticparty. He was inaugurated and assumedthe duties of his office March 4, 1889.

4 X -:^^:m^-i/

^/

.^.fJ. :^fi//ro7^ C//Uf''J-

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 125[IMEON MILLS.—Any history, biographicalor otherwise, of the city ofMadison, or in fact of tiie Stateof Wisconsin,would necessarily be incomplete withoutextended mention and illustration of thelife of Simeon Mills, who for over half a centuryhas been a citizen of the State.During thattime he has been in all probability moreclosely identifiedwith the capital city and itsgrowth than any other citizen now living.Since early in 1837, Mr. Mills has been acitizen of Madison, and during all that timehe has occupied a high position in the esteemand honor of his fellow citizens, and todayhe is an object of love and respect to allwho know him.Mr. Mills was born in Norfolk, Litchfieldcounty, Connecticut, February 14, 1810.Heis a son of Martin and Clarissa (Tuttle) Mills.Martin Mills was also a native of Norfolk,Connecticut, and his father, Constantine, sofar as can now be ascertained, was a citizenof the same town, (constantine Mills was asoldier of the Kevolutionary war, and forsuch military services received a pensionfrom the Government during his last years.In 1817 he removed to Ashtabula county,Ohio, where he died. Martin Mills wasreared on a farm in Connecticut, and followedfarming in that State until 1812, when accompaniedby his wife and two children, heremoved to ( )hio, making tlie journey byteam, and taking with him all his possessions.He settled in Ashtabula county, and was oneof the pioneers of Moi'gan township, wherehe purchased a tract of timber land. ICrectinga log house on his land in the wilderness,he clearedhis farm, which he cultivated untilhis death. His wife was the daughter ofClement and Abigail (Uuttonj Tuttle, andwas born in Connecticut. Her jiarents were10also natives of Connecticut, and removed toOhio in 1812, settling in Morgan township.Simeon Mills was less than two years oldwhen his parents removed to Ohio. He grewup in the wilderness, experiencing all thedeprivations and hardships incidental to pioneerlife. In those days there were no railroadsnor convenient markets in the lUickeyeState, and the people lived principally uponthe products of their land, and upon the wildgame, which was abundant in the woods.Hiseducation was acquired in the pioneer schoolstaught in rough log schoolhouses, where thefurniture was of the most primitive kind.When he was seven years of age he went tolive witli his maternal grandparents, withwhom he remained until he reached his majority.At this time he entered a drug housein Ashtabula, where he clerked for some time,and then entered a dry -goods store in Ashtabulaas a clerk, where he remained over ayear, and then engaged in mercantile businessfor himself at Jefferson, Oliio, continuingthere until 1835. During the latteryear he made his first visit to the far West.Taking passage on the steamer Thomas Jefferson,he made the trij) to Chicago, then avillage of about 8U0 people, and while thereattended the first land sales held inthat city.After remaining in Illinois for a short timehe returned to Ohio, but in the followingspring, 1836, again left Ohio for the West,with the intention of making it his futurehome. He made the journey tVom Ohio toChicago on horseback, thence journeyed onto Joliet, and from there, by way ofGalena,to the mining districts of Wisconsin, thenTerritory, and was at Belmont during the firstsession of the Territorial Legislature. Inthe following June he came to Madison, andpermanently settled here, the city at thattime consisting of one small log house. Hea

126 BIOQRAPEIGAL REVIEW OFiiiiiTietliatoly erected a hewn-log house,16 x 16 feet in size, and then, going to Galena,purchased a stock of goods and at once openeda general store. After continuing successfullythe mercantile business for a number ofyears, he turned his attention to real estate,his sound judgment and business sagacity enablinghim to realize and appreciate the greatpossibilities of such investments in the newcountry in which he had cast his lot, andbeing a tirm believer iu the future of thethen town of Madison. He returnt'd in thespring of 1838 to Ohio for his wife, who hadremained behind, and returning to the Westthey reached Madison the following June.Tiie journey was made by water to Milwaukee,and thence across the country by wagon,crossing Rock river at Janesville.then no house between Janesville andThere wasMadison,a distance of forty miles, and no roadnor marks to point the way they should travel,except a few stakes that had been driven intoth(! prairie, and a few trees that had beenblazed by an exploring party the previousfall.In 1837 there was no mail nor mail serviceroute between Madison and Milwaukee, butin the fall of that year Mr. Mills made a contractwith the United States for carrying themail between these j^oint^ until the Istof July,1844. The difficulties of getting the mailthrough twice a week with no houses betweenMadison and Aztalaii, and only at rare intervalsthe remainder of the route, with thestreams and marshes unhridged, and roadsunliuilt, cannot be easily understood or appreciatedby the present generation as theyfly over the country with the speed of thewind, and talk with their friends at the antipodesas with their next door neighbor.The task was however accomplished withoutthe loss of a 8in

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 127Mills and his wife have made Madison theirpennaneTit home, rearini^ here five children,two of whom still survive. Their eldestdaughter, Florence Emeline, became the wifeof Dr. C. Hayes, in 1859, and is now deceased.Their only living son, Arthur Constaiitine,married Helen, daughter of ThomasBennett, of Green Bay, in 1860, and with theyoungest daughter of Mr. Mills, Genevive M.,reside with their parents in Madison. Since1837. Mr. Mills has watched the constantgrowth of this beautiful city of Madisonfrom its infancy with all the pride of a fondparent watching over the growth to manhoodof a promising child.To-day, with one exception,he is the oldest livino; citizen of theplace or county, and to him more than to anyother one man is credit due and given forassistance rendered from year to year in thedevelopment of the capital city from a primitivevillage to one of the largest cities of theState. Though well advanced in years heis still rugged in health,and retains all the mentalvigor which has characterized him throughlife, and which has made him so prominentand conspicuous a tigure among theleadingcitizens of Madison. He has substantiallyaided in the building up of cliurches,and colleges, and inschoolsdeveloping the resourcesof a new country he has encouraged iiis fellow-countrymen,both by precept and example,in the attainment of a higher civilization-In religion he has always claimed to be orthodox,having been early taugl^t to believe thatGod foreordains whatever comes to pass.For many years he was a member ofthe Republicanparty, but of late years has affiliatedwith the Democracy, his views on thetariff question rendering it impossible forhim to support the Republican platforms.Mr. Mills is considered one of the best informedmen in the State, and he has contributedmany articles to the literature of theday, which have appeared from time to timein different works, and these articles haveever stamped him as a writer of more tlianordinary ability.Mks. Mauia Louisa Mills, deceased, wife ofGeneralSimeon Mills, of Madison, Wisconsin,was born in Sandstield, Berkshire county,Massachusetts, on May 21,1815, and was thedaughter of Church Smith. When abouttwelve 3'ears of age her father removed toOhio, locating in Austinburg, Ashtabulacounty, where the family resided at thetimeof her marriage to General Mills, on May 21,1834. With her husband she came to Wisconsin,then a Territory, settling at Madison.At that time the interior of the State wassparsely settled, the entire population ofDane county not exceeding four or five families.The journey from Ohio to Milwaukeewas made by water, then by wagon and onfoot to INIadison, from Janesville to Madison,a distance of forty miles, there were neitherhouses nor roads, and the trip consumedthree days' time, they arriving at the latterplace on June 18, 1838.In speaking of herpioneer life and e.vperience Mrs. Mills said:" I came expecting to make my home inMadison, and not for one moment have I everbeen homesick, or regretted the location wemade."This remark illustrates her strengthof purpose and force of character. Full oflife, animation and enterj)rise to a markeddetrree, she infused the same elements inthecompany in which she mingled. Of excellentmental attainments, her conversationwas ever ready, and interesting. Strictlydomestic, industrious, and frugal, retiring inher ha!)its and disposition, she never madeany pretension to publicity, and, being a firmbeliever in Christianity, ever inculcated inher children a love for the same principles

128 BIOGRAPHICAL RBVIEW OFwhicli formed an attractive feature of herdaily life and character. Her memory is enshrinedin the hearts of her family and largecircle of friends and neighbors. In early lifeshe united with the reliijious denominationknown as the Christian or Church of Christ,better known as Cauipbellites, in which faithshe died, but owing to the absence of anychurch in Madison, of that denomination,she attended the Methodist Episcopal. Herdeath occurred June 10, 1884.fANETTEW. AINSWORTII, nee Clngston,proprietress of the Madison Academyof ]\[n8ic, located at 19-21 S. Pinckneystreet, and established by her in 1870, andwhich she has since managed andwith wonderful success.developedMrs. Ainsworth is a natural teacher, andhas been thus engaged since she was twelveyears of age.When not yet seven years oldher musical al)ility was developed to a wonderfulextent. Her early life was passed atManchester, England, where she was bornand educated, having served an apprenticeshipof si.xyears as a pupil teacher, learningthe science and art of teaching under thegovernment in the public schools of Manchester.For many years Mrs. Ainsworth was theorganist in one of the leading churches ofher native city. When she came to thiscountry and desired to make a permanenthome, she came to Madison, Wisconsin, in1870, and has continuously taught musicsince that time.She makes a specialty of thepiano, of which she is a perfect master, theoreticallyand technicall}', playing with skilland expression, and having the faculty ofimparting some of this facility to lierpupils.She cannot make a musician out of a clod ofearth, hut if there is a spark of the divinetire she will find it and nourish it to its greatestblaze. On account of this perseveranceand hercharming manner, Mrs. Ainsworthcan have no fault to find with the good peopleof Madison, for her success has beensteady from the tirst.To one of the temperment of this accomplishedlady, her music isas meat and drink,and she has scarcely lost a day from herprofessionsince her coming liere, and lias now acomfortable bank account, a good home andparlors where she devotes her time to herclasses. She came of Scotch parentage, beingthe daughter of John and Susan (Mc-Donald) Clugston, who were natives of Argyleshire,Scotland, and botii came of oldScotch families, who have figured for yearsprominently in the history of Argyleshire.Especially isthis true of the McDonald family.Mr. and Mrs. Clugston were uiarriedin Manchester, whither they had gone fromScotland, and there the former establishedhimself as a builderand contractor, and wasthus engaged until 1869, when he broughthis family to the United States and settled inMadison City, and here Mr. Clugston diedApril 27, 1873. He was born in the townof Ayr, Ayrshire, Scotland (the birthplacethe Scottish poet, Robert Burns), August 3,1824.Mr. Clugston hail been reared a Presbyterian,but in England he joined the E])iscopalChurch, and died in that faith. Hiswife is yet living, and makes her homewith her daughter, Mrs. Ainswortii, of thisnotice. She is a well-preserved lady ofsixty-six years, and has taken the full Chautauquacourse, graduating from it in 1890,with thirteen seals, having read everythingconnected with the prescribed course.ofSince

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 129that time she lias earned more seals, and isnow an active and interested student ofGreek; is a lady of mucii intelligence andculture, and shows the result of herapplicationto the delightful course laid down forthose who desire to take it.Mrs. Clugston has been the mother ofseven children, three of whom died whileyoung. The living are: Agnes T., for someyears a siudent in Italy for grand opera, butwho, on account of failing health, after afew years upon the stage in Italy, was obligedto give up her ambitious plans, and is now ateacher of music in Elgin. She is also theorganist and choir mistress of the Kpisco])alchoir there. Annie S., is the wife of L. P.Goodchap, of Sparta, Wisconsin. She hasthe family gift also, and is a prominentteacher of music there. Alex 11., is an employein the watch- works in Elgin, and hiswife was Miss Anna Lewis, of Monroe. Wisconsin.Mrs. Ainsworth, of this notice, isthe eldest of the family, and isthe mother oftwo children, Harry Holroyd, a student inthe College of Physicians and Surgeons ofChicago; and Charles Sydney, at home, astudent in the public schools. Both arebright youths. Both Mrs. Ainsworth andher sons are members of the EpiscopalChurch, where they are highly regardedappreciated^and^SA E. PETTENGILL, one of the citizensof Madison, is the subject of thisnotice. He holds the important officeof Clerk of the Municipal Court ofthe city,having been in that position since January,1875, and has been continually in office since,having served nearly all of his third term ofsix years. He was appointed I)y Judge A.B. Braley and was under him for fourteenyears, and when this Judge died, in 1879,he has served since under Judge Keys. Mr.Pettengill has been a very prominent clerkand has many friends in the city. CominotoMadison City in 1868, he engaged inbusiness for two years, later going to SiouxCity, Iowa, and for sixteen months engagedin the hotel business, opening a new hotel,which he called the Madison House.Our subject now went to Independence,Iowa, and conducted the St. James Hotelthere until 1873, when he sold out tiiere onaccount of the ill health of his wife, returningto the city of Madison, where he spentabout a year in retirement, then being appointedto the position he now holds. Hehas been active in local afRxirs in any wavthat he has thought looking toward thebetteringof the city of his residence. He is aDemocrat and a local worker for his party.Our subject is a Master Mason and has beenso for nearly forty years, and a social beingand has a natural love for good company,having many jolly friends on his list of acquaintances.The birth of our subject took place inSheldon, Vermont, in 1816, March 21, andcame of New England parentage, his father,John, was a native of Salisbury, New Hampshire,and he was the son of Samuel, whowas either born in Scotland or of Scotchparentage, and lived and died in New Hampshirein the old town of Salisbury, beingthen in middle life. He was a farmerby occupation and was a soldier throuo-h theRevolutionary war, and was in many emragements.John Pettengill was yet a youncrman when he lost his father, and he was yetsingle when he went up to Vermont and beganlife as a young farmer and was theremarried to Miss Sarah Stone, a Vermont lady

ISO BIOGRAPHICAL REVIRW OFh\ birth ami voariiiy;. oomiiigf of Now EiisrlaiuistiH'k. Al'tor luarriaijo livinl on a farmin tlio town of SlioUlon for some years. Fora short time Mr. tlohii Pettenur subject is the third son and sixthchild and was reared and educated while athome upon his father's farm, and later attendedan academy at I'enn Yan, Yatescounty. New York. He had learned thetrade of satldler and harnessmaker andworked at it for twelve years. Later he wasa general merchant in Brauchp^^rt, New York,where he remained for a perioil of twelveyears, and then went into the drug and grocerybusiness, i-emaining in it for tive yearsin Naples. (Ontario county. Later he camewest in 1S67 and spent part of one year inN'ernon county, Wisconsin, and then came toMadison in 1868. Histirst presidential votewas cast for Martin Van Buren.Our subject was married December 17,1842, to Miss Mary A. Gamby in Hranchport.New York, who was born in Yatescounty. New \ ork, a few months after herfather had died and she later went with hermother to Massachusetts, whichwas the hitter'sformer home and there the widowedmother was a second timemarried and canieto nraiK'hport. settling on a farm, but laterwent back to Massachusetts, where the husbandand stepfather died. His name wasI miner Hubbard. Mrs. Hubbard afterwanlcame to Vernon county, Wisconsin, and dieilat the home of her son when sixty-six yearsof age.Mr. and Mrs. Tettengill are good 'uul consistentpeople, but not creed followers.They have no children.ILLIAM K. GOl)l>AlU>, a farmerof Dane township, l)ane county,Wisconsin, was born in Shetiieldcounty, Canada, in 1828. a son of WilliamK. Goddaiil, who W!is born in the same placein 1808. The latter's father. Abram Goddard,was a farmer and blacksmith of Vermont.He married a ^Hss Kellogg, a nativeof New Entrland. and they had four sons andtivo daughters who grew to>-ears of maturity.William K., the father of our subject, wasmarried in Canada to Catherine Phillips, alsoa native of New Euirland.In the summer of1848 they came with eight children to Milwaukee.Wisconsin, and later to Walworthcountv, where they farmed on rented landuntil the fall of 1849. In that v^ar the

jJJANI'! COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 131father pnrcliaHed 100 acrcH ol' l;uii| in Ujukjtownsliip, iJiirie county, orcctcJ a log Iiouhc,I20 X 22 feet, one and a half Btories high, andthere ho paBsod the remainder of IiIk dayB,dyiiif^ in February, 1855, at tlie age of fortygixyears, leaving his widow with five sonwand four daughters. She aftcsrward Bold herinterest in the farin, conBisting of forty ufreK,and removed to Warren, .Jo Daviess coNnly,Illinois, where she died, in 1880, agedeeventy-iive years. Mr. and Mrs. (Joddardhad three eons in the late war, Ahrani, whowas discharged on account of nicknesB;Marshall N., who was withSlmrman duringthe Georgia campaign, and served until the !close of the struggle; and George O., whoserved but a short time.William K. (Joddard, our subject, wasearly inured to hard labor, and his educationwas received in a district school three mih^B|from his home.In company with his fatherand brother, he owned the home farm of 100acres, and at his death the father deededsubject eighty acres.ourMr. (Joddard is engagedin farming arirl stock growing, raising oats,corn and wheat, but he gives special attentionto the raising of I'oland (Jhina hogs, ofwhich he sells from twenty to forty headyearly. He also keeps about seven head ofhorses, twenty head of horned cattle, andfrom forty to fifty head of Shropshire sheep.He was married in 1854, at the age oftwenty- six years, to Miss (Jlarissa liabcock,a native of St. Lawrence county, New York,and a daughter of John and (Jatherine(Miller) Babcock, also natives of that State.They came to Wisconsin in a very early day,locating on a farm in Springfield township,Dane county, where the father soon afterwarddied. The mother died at the home of herdaughter about twelve years later. Mr. andMrs. Goddard bad fhrei- children: (Clarenceh., a farmer of western Kansas, and has twosons and two daugliters; Ada May, wife ofGeorge W. lieynolds, a farmer of Spiringfjeldtownshif), Dane county, Wisconsin; oneson and one daughter; and (Jlarissa K., widowof W. Vj. Rice, a resident of Tremjiealeaucounty, Wisconsin, and lias two ilaughtersand one son. 'J'lie mother died eight yearsafter her marriage, at, the age of twetity-sixyears. In December, 18(;;j, Mr. (Jodilardmarried Kate Hull, who was then visitingher uncle in this State, flu;rli Younir. Sheisa daughter of Hiram and Luna (lio-wortlijHull, natives of N(;w York, but reared in(Jhio, where their pan^nts had moved at anearly day. In 1872, .Mr. and .Mrs. Hull removedfrom that State to Nebraska. Themother

132 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFj^ENRY LINLEY, a successfulman of Mazomanie, was born inbusinessBlyth,Nottinghamshire, England, May 24,1824, a son of John and Isabella (Beighton)Linley, also natives of Nottingham. Thefather was acrardener and coachman of England,and the parents moved to Yorkshire,that country, when our subject was eightyears of age.In 1844 they came to America,locating in Iowa county, Wisconsin, wherethe father followed farniintf.Henry Linlc}', the eldest of live children,three sons and one daughter, received only alimited education, and at the age of ten yearsbegan work in a foundry. At the age oftwenty-five years, in 1849, he joined hisparents in the United States, inIowa county,Wisconsin, and was engaged' in fanningthere for thirty-nine years. In 1888 hecame to Mazomanie, where he has partiallyretired from active business life. He stillowns two sorghum mills and a fine farm.He votes with the RepublicaTi party, andwhile in Iowa county, held the office ofTownship Supervisor. Religiously, he is amember of the Congregational Church.Mr. Linley was married in Yorkshire,England, Juno 2, 1840, to Sarah Hagnell,and they have had ten childien, nine now living,viz.: Isabella, William II., Elizabeth,John, Arthur L., Frank, Gertie, Herman andMay.SALTER SCOTT HIDDEN, editorand proprietor of the Countryman, aweekly newspaper published at SunPrairie, is a native of Wisconsin, the son ofJ. E. and Catherine Hidden. Dane county,Bristol township, was the place of his birtliand April 2, 1861, the date. Ills primary educationwas received at the district school, ashe was reared on his father's farm, but in additionto this he had the advantage of twoyears at the State University and a term atthe business college ofBryant & Stratton, atChicago, Illinois. He was seventeen yearsold when he first left home and after finishingat the last nan\ed institution he wentto Ashton, Dakota, where he had charge ofthe Spink County Herald as general manager.In two years' time he had returned to Danecounty and worked in the office of the Countryman,at Sun Prairie for four years. Thepaper was then under the management of C.S. Crosse, but in 1889 Mr. Hidden purchasedthe paper and since that time has had fullcharge. The paper has greatly prospered underhis skillful management. Mr. Hiddenhas added new presses, an engine and othermaterial and now has a first-class job officein connection with his paper. The paper isrun in the interests of the Republican party,although Mr. Hidden istoo just a man to letit become strongly partisan. The little sheetcontains spicy editorials and local news andthe steadily growing circulation indicatesthe appreciation of the people.Our subject comes of an old family and cantrace his ancestry back on his paternal sideto early days inEngland, while the maternalfamily tree runs almost as far back on thematernal side. The father came from Vermontto Lowell. Massachusetts, wherehe wasengaged in merchandit^ing for a number ofyears. He then came to liristol township andbought the farm where our subject was born.This farm consists of eighty acres of unimprovedland, which he has cultivated, until itis now an attractive home. Mr. Hidden, Sr.,made his advent into Wisconsin in 1858.Hehad two children, our subject and a brother,

DANE COUNTT, WISCONSIN. 133Clmrles, on the farm. Mr. Hidden, Sr., wasone of nine children, two of whom are stillliving, the father of our subject and Violet,wife of W. H. Pember, of Craftsbury, Vermont.Our subject is a pleasant, agreeable gentleman,whose object seems to be to pleaseevery one with whom he comes in contact, andwho succeeds, for few men of Sun Prairie haveas many friends as hasof the Countryman.^. 4(@)' ^our friend, the editor^'- ^"^^^EEX, Attorney of Orer'ATI''^^**^']Ah>L\ tion, Dane county, Wisconsin, has£il--4ILL 1^i^^ been a resident of the county since1850, and consequently has a large and extendedacquaintance throughout the State.He was born in Wayne county. New York,November 21, 1S37, son of Samuel and Nancy(Chase) Green, natives of the same State, bornin Washington and Ontario counties, I'espectively.The father of onr subject was bornin the year 1807, being one inafamily of thirteenchildren.Wlien he was seven years oldhis father died and four years later his motlierfollowed her husband, leaving him to the careof an elder brother, with whom he remaineduntil he attained years of discretion, engagedin hard work instead of attending school.When still a young man with a brother-inlawhe emigrated to Lyons, Wayne county,then on the frontier,where he pursued farmingon a tract of land he purchased, and asthe country was unsettled he had plenty ofwork to do in order to clear his land. In 1835here he met and married Nancy Chase, ofOntario county, adaughter of Jenks and Jemiua(Robbins) Chase, natives of Rhode Island,and pioneers of Ontario county, havingsettled in Phelps, when wliite settlers werefew and Indians plenty.After marriage Mr.an

134 BIOaRAPHICAL REVIEW OFSO the natural inference was that he was killedby the savages, a sad ending to so brave alife.Our subject was in his tliirteenth yearwhen he came to Wisconsin and in this Statehe attended district school in the winter andassisted his father on the farm in the summerand ran a tlireshing machine inseason.the threshingDuring his boyiiood he eagerly readall law books he could possibly obtain. In1862 he enlisted in the same regiment thathis brother joined and was mustered intoState service with theTwenty-third WisconsinRegiment in September,but when the regimentwas mustered into the United States'service, he was commissionedrecruiting officerand served in that capacity until 1863,when he purchased horses tor the Government,being associated with John Dalrymple,of Green county, in the business, and in allthey bought 535 iiorses. The partnershipthus formed has since been dissolved, but tlietwo gentlemen continue to be warm friendsand many are the pleasant talks they haveover those exciting days.In 1867 he was associated witli B. F. Nottat Oregon in the clothing trade, but laterwithdrew and went to Cherokee, going overmuch of the western country with a team.He was Justice of the Peace during his stayin (Jregon and did a large business.lie wentto Madison in the fall of 1869, where he attendedlaw school and didthe capacity of Deputylaw school,some collecting inSheriff and attended[n 1873 he returned to Oregon,but the following year spent several monthsin Colorado and other parts of the West. In1876 he was admitted to the bar and has followedthe practice of his profession ever since.Mr. Green was married July 1, 1858, toHnldah C.Bennett, daughter of Egbert Bennett.Mrs. Green was born in Ciienantrocounty. Xew Vork, December 1, 1840. Theyhave two children: George E., born November8, 1861, station agent and grain dealer atDempster, South Dakota, married Miss RubyBoswell, September 27. 1892; and Ilattie M.,wife of Dudley S. Elliott, born March 4, 1866,married December 6, 1885. A little daughterJennie Celestia, was born to Mr. and Mrs.Ellliott, July 22, 1888, at Sioux City, Iowa,who is the pet of her grandparents. Our subject was a Republican until 1888, since whichtime he has been a stanch Democrat, as a thorough study of the tariff question convincedhim that that party was the one which wasin nearest accord with his own convictions,lie is a member of Oregon Lodge, No. 151,A. F. & A. M., of which he is a charter member,lie is also a member of the A. O. IT. W.and in both organizations is

D^\IiE COUNTY, WISCONSIN, 135mother untilOur subject remained with liishe became of age, and then came to Madison.His brother Fritz had died at the oldhome, where the fainily settled after comingto the State, leaving a family. His two sistersare yet living: Minnie, the wife of MikeLindert, a farmer of Wisconsin; and Emily,the widow of Jacob Ileimerl, and now livesin San Francisco. Our subject was theyoungest of the children, still young when hecame to Wisconsin and learned the trade ofblacksmith in the shop ot a brother-in law.Just about the time the war broke out, oursubject attained his majority and he went intothe army, in Company D, Twenty-sixthRegiment, Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry,and fought at Chancellors vi lie, Gettysijurg,Mission Ridge, Buzzard's Roost, Resaca,Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree Creek, Atlantaand Sherman's march to the sea. Agreat many of the brave boys who went outto battle at that time never came back. Oursubject soon won honors and was promoted,becoming First Lieutenant, taking part inthe battle of Gettysimrg. He was woundedinthe left lobe of the lung and from this injurywas confined to the hospital for sometime,only getting back to his regiment justbefore the war closed, and was honorably discharged.He was brevetted Captain of CompanyD for bravery, as he had been in someserious engagements and did his duty withheroism and received other wounds, but none60 serious as the one mentioned.Afterthe war our subject returned to Madisonand for a few years engaged in the manufactureand wholesale cigar trade, and wassuccessful in Imsincss from the beeinnine:.But a cold settled upon his weak lungs andfor two years he suffered, dying at last asmuch a martyr to his country's cause as if hehad fallen on the field in front of a cannon.He was much missed, havintr been one of theleading young Germans of this city. Hetook great interest in all local enterprises.When the Governor's Guards were formedin this city he was made Captain and heldthe ])Ositiou until death. He was in politicsa Republican, and was also a member of theleading German societies, and also belongedto the Masonic order.In Madison, May 28, 1868, he was marriedto Miss Johanna Bans, who was born inKrefeld, near the river Rhine in PrussianGermany, April 21, 1848. She was theilanghter of Richard and Sophia (Hess) Baus,natives of a Rhine province, who there grewup and married, and there their two childrenwere l)orn.In 1851 they came to the UnitedStates in a sailing vessel and landed in NewYork, came to Wisconsin and finally settledin Madison, where Mr. Baus went into thecigar business with his son-in-law, and wasthus engaged until his death. May 8, 1880.He was then fifty-six years of age. Themother of Mrs. Bartsch died in 18(i8, at theaged of sixty-seven years.They were membersof the Lutheran Church. Mrs. Bartschwas the younger of two children. Her l)rotherEdward, who is a cigar manufacturer, marriedAnna Hippeiimeyer, and tiiey have twochildren: Richard and Irma. Mrs. Bartschhas one bright son, Walter E., attendingschool at a German seminary in Milwaukee.He is about of age and has displayed greatintelligence, and isa young man of whom hismother may be justly proud. Since thedeath of her husband, Mrs. Bartsch has managedthe business with skill. She ownssome valuable city property and her home atthe corner of Spaight and Patterson streetsisa very nice one, overlooking beautiful lakeMonona. She is a lady gifted in many ways,and her friends know her to l»e kind, sympa-

136 BIOORAPHICAL REVIEW OFtlietic and oblicrins. The death of Mr.Bartsch opcurred August 17, 1^76, in Denver,Colorado, where he had gone hoping toderivebenefit, but he passed away at the ageof thirty-tive years, after a stay of but threeweeks. lie was much lamented and is stillremembered by the citizens of this city asone of the honest and true-hearted Germancitizens, whose heart was all in the rightplace.^'^IIIARLES POYNOR, asuccessfulfanner of Dane township, Wisconsin,located on section 36, was born inLeicestershire, England, in 1826. His father,Jonah Poynor, a native of the samecounty, was a clock and watch maker bytrade, which occupation he learned during aservice of seven years in the town of Leicester.The grandfather, James Poynor, was amechanic and followed blacksmithing thegreater portion of his life. lie died inLeicester at an advanced age, having rearedthree sons and three daughters. The grandmotherof our subject was a Miss Erewen,who lived some years after her husband, diedat the same place and both rest in tlie samechurchyard. Jonah was the eldest child ofthe family and married Eliza iiiley, adaughter of Richard Kiley, and they came toAmerica in the spring of 1847, having setsail from Liverpool, about the last of May,upon the merchant sailer, Elizabeth Bruce,under Captain Day. They had a pleasantvoyage and landed in August, in New Orleans,came up the Mississippi river to GalenaontheGalenariver,thencalled Fever river.The family consisted of George W., who diedin England, past middle life. By occupationlie was a mechanic and he left a family-Eliza was the next child and is now Mrs.James Slater, of Milwaukee. Iler husbandwas a mechanic, but is now living retired,living on his interest. Charles of thissketch; Thomas, who followed theas a sailor for years and later washigh seasa mate ona Mississippi steamer, where he was accidentall}'killed in the prime of life, leaving adaughter; John Poynor died in London andleft a wife and two sons, still in Loudon.He was apprenticed to one Thomas Cooke,of Cooke & Sons and was Mr. Cooke's secretaryand amanuensis. Mary Ann is now thewife of John D. Placket, a farmer of Viennatownship, Wisconsin, and Richard is also afarmer of Vienna township.After coming to America his family settledon eighty acres of laud. They movedinto a rude log house on this land and herethe parents i-esided until death. The motherdied in 1854, aged about fifty-six years andthe father in 1869, having been born in thefirst of 1800. They were possessed of somemeans when they came here and died leavingan estate of 200 acres, improved.Jonah Poynor was reared on thefarm untilthe age of fourteen and then was apprenticedto his trade. He received a fair amountof schooling and early became connectedwith the Methodist Episcopal Church, inwhich he became an earnest worker in thisand the temperance movement. Ho accomplishedmuch both in this country and inEngland toward the evangelizing of the race.When he left England he received an ovation,a regular publichisfaithfulness.demonstration, testifying toCharles Poynor, of this sketch, served fromhis fourteenth to his twenty-first year inLeicester as an apprentice to the wood andbone turning business. The jirincipal occupationwas that of making ivory spools.For

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 137one month he worked as a journeyman beforecoming to America. Since locatincrhere he has engaged infarming, altliongh liedoes not consider this a congenial occupation.lu 1853 Mr. Poynor was married to AmeliaA. Ford, born in Massachusetts, adaughter of Robert Ford and (Hogan)Ford, both parents from Scotland. Theycame to Wisconsin about 1851. The motherdied at a ripe old age, having celebrated hergolden wedding and the father, stillliving inSpringtield township, Wisconsin, is an octogenarian,having the use of allhis faculities,except his hearing. Mr. and Mrs. Poynorhave two children, George L.,a mechanic inKansas; and Estella I., a school teacher forsome years. Immediately after marriageMr. and Mrs. Poynor settled on their homeplace of eighty acres, of which they havesold forty acres and still live in their primitivelog house. Mr. Poynor was Assessorfor two years and has been School Treasurerand Director for several years. He has beena life-long Democrat and an Odd Fellow fornearly twenty years.Mrs. Poynor is the third child and seconddaughter of her family. She was the tirstchild born at Chicopee Falls, Massachusetts,where the parents moved soon after comingto New York city, in 1834. They madethe journey on a sailing vessel. The father,Robert Ford, was rearedto the weaver tradeand was engaged mostly in the manufactureof damask linens. lie was a mechanical geniusand was the master mechanic in thegingham factory in Thompsonville, Connecticut.For years he was at the head of theprint works at Chicopee Falls. They rearedeight children, of wiiom five are still livingand also the father, aged eighty-five years.His wife died in1883 at the age of seventysix.IDOLPII WAGNER, proprietor of theLake City Bottling Works, located on-iip^ the corner of Spaight and Petersonstreets, is a successful man. He is a manufacturerof that exhilarating l)everage knownas "pop'' and all unintoxicating drinks.This business was established by himself inthespring of 1887, and ever since that timehe has had a satisfactory increase in business,and now employs seven men all of the time.The name of his partner is Mr. Joseph Bollenbeck,who travels constantly, representingthe business on the road in a commercialway.Mr. Wagner came to Madison in 1872 andestablished himself in the business, after afew years of experience as a clerical worker forJoseph Hausman, the extensive brewer ofthis city. Mr. Wagner is a man of energyand is bound to succeed. He was born atCarlsruhe, capital city of P>aden, Germany,March 21, 1848, and came of pure Gormanstock. His parents lived and died in theirnative country, where his father, AdolphWagner, was a prominent manufacturer offurniture.Here the father died, in Carlsruhe,the place of his birth, when sixty-four yearsof age. He was well-known to the people ofthat city, and there he had lost his wife someyears before, when she had reached only middlelife. She was in youth Miss FrederikaSchneider, and was a native of the city, whereshe lived and died, and had become a memberof the German Lutheran Church.Our subject was reared by his parents andobtained a practical education in the publicschools of his native city. While a lad underseventeen years of age he was a dry-goodsclerk, and at the age of seventeen he enlistedin the German army and reniained until hewas twenty-tive. He marched through Francein the Franco- Prussian war and was a mem-

138 BIOGUAPBICAL REVIEW OFber of tlie Fourteenth Army Corps, GeneralWerder coiuiuaudiug, and participated in theactive engagements at Strasburg, Woerth andWeisenburof. and was in al! the battlesthronirh Vosj^es; and tlience down toRelfordand liis army corps, 45,0U0 strong, whippedBonrbacke, with an army of 185,000 men, inAlmost every officer ina three days' battle.the reojinient to which Mr. Wagner belongedwas killed or wounded in the battle nearNuits, December 18, 1870. The same eveninghe was the only sound officer in thebattalion, and as such he marched backfromthe battle to the camp with the small part ofthe survivors. After the war was over heresolved that he would leave the service andcome to the United States. This resolutionhe carried out in the spring of 1872. Sincehe has become a resident of tiie city of Madisonhe has been prominently associated withthe German element, and is an active memberof the German societies, including the Turnerand singint^ associations. He also is a memberof the Masonic order, Madison Lodge,No. 5, and of Monona Lodge, No. 69, A. O.U. W.Mr. Wagner has been City Alderman fromthe Sixth ward for two terms, and is a soundDemocrat in his politics.The marriage of our subject was celebratedin this city, with Miss Albertina Hausman, adaughter of Joseph Ilausman, a prominentGerman citizen of the capital, and one of theleading brewers of the Northwest. Mrs.Wagner was born, reared and educated inthis city, and is a worthy, good wife and themother of three bright children: Meta,Grovcr C. and Paul, all at home.^.^IIILETUS IirilD. ofMay 5,Blooming Grovetownship, Dane county, Wisconsin, wasborn at Ira, Cayuga county. New York,1822, a son of Samuel Hurd, who wasborn at Fort Ann, Washington county. NewYork, and the grandson of Nathan Ilurd, anative, itis thought, of England, and an earlysettler of Fort Ann. The grandfather was avery early settler; removed thence to Cayugacounty, being a pioneer there, making thejourney with o.\ teams, lie let a tract oftimber land in the town of Ira and gave eachof his children a farm. The old gentlemancontinued his residence in Cayuga until hisdeath. His wife, whose maiden name wasEiizal)eth(Cutter) Ilurd, likewise a native ofEngland, died on the old home farm in Ira.Samuel Hurd was but a lad when his parentsremoved to Cayuga.His location wasupon a farm given him by his father, livingfor a long time upon the products of tlie farm,chiefly, as itwas many years before any railroadsor canals reached old Cayuga, andmarkets were too remote to make any eflortto keep one's self supplied with any of theluxuries now obtainable anywhere. The industriousmother carded, wove, and nnideinto garments the homespun clotliinirworn by the children. Elizabeth Ward wasthe maiden name of this jrood woman, daiiirhterof Israel Ward, and the mother of si.\children. She su'-vived her husband manyyears, finally dying at the home of her daughter.Samuel, the father, died in the town ofIra, in the year 1832.Our subject was the third son and fourthchild of the children, the others being intheorder of their naming: Nathan, Silas, Drusilla,Simon and Sarah. Reared and educatedin his native county, at the age of twenty-twohe removed to the Territory of Wisconsin,going by way of Welland canal and the lakes

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 139to Milwaukee, and thence by team to Rockcounty. When be reached the Territory, alari^e portion of its area was owned liy theGovernment and in the trreat forests deer andother wild

:140 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFin 1825, and came to this country with threesisters.Both her parents are now deceased.Our snhjectand wifehad seven children, viz.Nicholas, a farmer of Dakota; Frank, of thesame place; ilargaret, deceased; John, athome; Thelka, of St. Agnes, P'ond du Laccounty, Wisconsin; Albian, a farmer ofthiscounty; Peter, at home. Politically, thefamily are identified with the Democraticparty; and religiously, are members of theSt. Joseph Catholic Church at East Bristol.home she died. The parents were in indigentcircumstances and the dauijliters obtainedbut little schooling, but all werebright, enterprising girls and managed to becomewell informed. The mother of oursubject was unlettered, as in her day the boyshad the most of the education, as publicopinion at that time decided that girls didnot need any. The n^otlier did not comeWest until 1859, when all her girls weremarried. She buried her first husband,James Lee, and then married John Brieley,an Englishman, and this union was blessedwith two daughters and one son, the latterRS. MARY TRUMBULL.— The ladywhose biography claims our attentionis the widow of Salmon Truml>ull.She was born in England, in 1815,and was the daughter of James Lee, a spinnerin a woolen factory in England, and themother of our subject was Bettsy Butterworth.They came to Amei'ica and locatedin Massachusetts, in 1825. and came upon asailer. The journey was in summer timeand the ship was six weeks sailing from Liverpoolto New York, and encountered somesevere storms and the vessel was reportedlost, and on their return to England it waslost, and some lives with it. The ]>arentsresided at Pawtucket, Massachusetts, not farfrom Providence, Rhode Island. They hada family of three children, of which our subjectwas the first born. Her first sister,Alice Lee, is the widow of John Ilershaw,of Westport, and Sarah is the widow of NathanP. Ilicks, of Pawtucket, Rhode Island.The father died in Providence, Rhode Island,in middle age, in 1837, and his wife survivedhim many years, dying in 1872, inhereiglity-f(jiirth year. For eight years priorto her death she was a helpless and sufferingcripple, cared for by Mrs. Trumbull, at whoseof whom died at the age of four.Mrs. Trumbull has been twice married,first to William Perry, of Massachusetts.This occurred in Pawtucket, when our subjectwas twenty-six years old. At the age ofeleven she had entered a cotton factory, whereshe remained eighteen years, and the mostshe received was S3 per week, out of whichshe paid her mother §2 for board. Mrs.Trumbull has but one son, Theodore WilliamPerry, who died some ten years afterhis father, in his twentieth year. Mr. Perrywas a farmer and the lad was reared on thefarm and was a good and promising youngman.The second marriage of our subject was inPawtucket, in 1859. She and her husbandcame west to Madison and settled on aneighty-acre farm left her by Mr. Perry.This was wild land and required hardwork to improve it, and Mr. Trumbull diedin 1872, aged sixty-two. He had been awidower and had had one son and one daughter.Fi-ances J. Trumbull is at home andDennis Trumbull died in his nineteenth year,of consumption.Mrs. Trumbull has rented the land sincethe death of her husband. She was in debt

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 141at that time and has had a liard time to payup. Mrs. Trumbull raises from ten tothirty pigs, keeps eiglit head of horned cattleand one pair of horses. Mrs. Trumbullis a lady much respected in this locality andis a consistent member of the BaptistChurch.fHOMAS DAVIDSON, one of the substantialfarmers of Verona township,W Dane county, Wisconsin, is a native ofthe township in which he lives, the date ofhis birth being June 11, 1847.His father, Adam Davidson, was born nearEdinburg, Scotland, May 2, 1811. Beingpoor and the oldest of a large family, he contributedall his time to the support of thefamily until he was twenty-eight years of age,being employed in whatever he could find toto do. That year he emigrated to Americaand located in Canada, in the vicinity ofHamilton. Two of his lirothers and one sisteralso came to America. They are as follows:George, who was a resident of Danecounty, Wisconsin, is deceased; Thomas, aresident of North Freedom, Wisconsin; andAgnes, who received fatal injuries wliilealighfing from a wagon, died in Primrosetownship, Dane county, Wisconsin. InCanada Mr. Adam Davidson met and marriedMary Ferry, who was born near Belfast,Ireland, in 1813. In 1844, learning of theadvantages of Wisconsin, he moved fromCanada to tliis State, then a Territory, andpurchased a soldier's land warrant for fortyacres, and witli this entered forty acres ofland in what is now section nineteen, Veronatownship, Dane county. His capital at thistime consisted of only $200. He clearedhis land, lived in a Xon cabin, hauled hisgrain to Milwaukee with ox teams, and dur-11ing the early years of his residence here enduredmany hardships and privations. Aftersome years a railroad was built to Madison,and after that he felt he was no longeron the frontier. He worked hard, oljserveddue economy, never went in debt (exceptonce for $50, on which he paid twenty-liveper cent interest), saved his money and whenable to do so purchased more land and madebetter improvements, finally becoming tlieowner of 400 acres of well-improved land.In 1885 he sold his farm to a son and expectedto retire from active life, but at thistime he was persuadedto go to White Lake,South Dakota, where he invested in 160acres of land. He remained there eighteenmonths, lost some n;oney, sold out, and returnedto Wisconsin, settling in Madison.He died in Madison in November 13, 1887.His widow still resides in that city. Hislifewas characterized by simplicity, industryand generosity. He was well known in thisvicinity and was held in the highest esteemby all. He assisted each of his children to astart in life before he died, and to his widowhe left a C(Mnpetency.He was a member ofthe Presbyterian Church. FoUowinij^ arethe names of the six children of this worthycouple: Thomas, the oldest; Neil, who lostan arm wliile operating a feed cutter, diedsoon afterward of blood poison; Sarah, wifeof Thomas Thomas, resides at Dodgeville,Wisconsin; Adam, who lives on tiie oldhomestead; Bridget, wife ofMelville Proud,Madisqn, Wisconsin; and Margaret, wife ofDennis McMann, Emery, South Dakota.Tliomas Davidson, witliwhose name we beginthis article, remained at home until 1877.That year he married Miss Agnes Whyte, whowas born on the farm on which tliey now reside,daughter of Peter Whyte, her parents beingamong the pioneers of the township.Peter

142 BWGIiAI'UICM. UKVIMW OFWhjte was born in Scotland in 1837, andcame to this county in 1842. He bought240 acres in Verona, wliere he resided untilhis death in 18G7. In 1858 he married JessieBlack, who was born in Scotland in 1827and died in Verona in January, 1865.Therewere three children: Agnes, Jane, and John,who died in childhood. J'oth parents werePresbyterians. Left an orphan at an earlyage, Afrnes Whyte was reared in the familyof an uncle. Mr. and Mrs. Davidson havefour children: William, Maggie, Jessie, andBlanche.One year after his marriage, Mr. Davidsonpurchased 280 acres of his j)resent farm,which was the estate of his wife's father.He is now the owner of 360 acres of lineland and is engaged in stock raising and generalfarming.He is independent in his political views.Ileligiously, he isfESSE S.a Bresbyterian.MEYERS, Superintendent ofthe Dane County Asylum and Overseerof the Datie County Boor Barm, is thesubject of the present sketch. It was saidby the State Board of Charities that theUnited States provides the best care for herunfortunate poor and insane than probablyany other nation in tlie world. The sameBjoard claims for Wisconsin the best systemfor the care of her chronic insane of anyState inthe Union, and that the Dane CountyBoor House and Asylum are among themodels of their kind in the State.The farm is located on Section 15, Veronatownship, and for the beautiful and appropriatebuildings, and the careful attentionwhich has made theplace noted, much creditis due the subject of tins sketch. He tookcharge of the farm March 25, 1879, and atthat date the buildings wereold, dilapidatedand inadequate, and lacking in and out ofdoors, needed facilities for providing propercare for th(! inmates.These unfortunate personswere kept in miserable outbuildings, asif their added misfortune was one for whichthey should be punished; in fact the wholeplace presented the appearance of a neglectedold locality to be shunned.Immediately upon taking charge, Mr. andMrs. Meyers set to work clearing up bothliouse and buildings, and ere long all wasremodeled and enlarged. In 1882 an asylumfor the chronic insane was built,and March24, 1883, this large, handsome and convenientlyarranged structure, costing 835,000,was ready to receive inmates.Here 100 personscan be well cared for.For several yearsthis place was well filled by unfortunatesfrom other Wisconsin counties which had nosuitable place in which to (^arc for them, butat present there are 108 inmates, 105 ofwhom belong to Dana county.The poor house has an average of sixtyinmates, and all are comfortably cared for.This whole j)roperty is valued at §75,000.Mr. Meyers is one of those men who arebuilt on a broad gauge, his sympathy andkindness of heart being temiiered with firmnessand good judgment. He has introducedmany reforms in the institution, one of thesebeing the opening of the doors of the asylum(lurinir all hours of the dav, so that theinmates can jiass in and out at will. Manythought that this would not be feasible, buthe has long ago proven to doubters the greatbenefit derived from such liberties, and it isnow done in many institutions of the kind. Mr.Meyers is t^ thorough business man, his booksare carefully kept, and he has always receivedthe highest encomiums from the county

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 143officers and the State Board of Charities.The poor farm contains 331 acres of landwith 120 more of timber lanii. Tlie poorhouse is lieated hy iiot water and tlie asylumby hot air.The subject of this sketch was born inNorthampton county, Pennsylvania, February6, 1848, a son of John and Deborah (t^lick)Meyers, also natives of that county. Tiiefamily came to Wisconsin in 1847, and settledin the township of Verona, where thefather entered 20U acres of land. Here hepursued farmiiicr until a few years prior tohis death, when he removed to Verona village,where he lived a retired life until his death,June 30, 1865, at the age of tifty-eight.The mother is still living in Verona village.They had eleven children, eight of whom attainedmaturity: Aaron, Reuben J., Caroline,Jesse S. (our subject), and Barbara E.,all of whom live in Verona; Lydia, now Mrs.George Pitman, who lives in Madison; Hannetta,now Mrs. GeorgePehle, who lives inLuzerne county, Pennsylvania, and Jolinson,now deceased.Mr. Meyers, of this notice, was only fouryears of age wlien the family came to Wisconsin.He passed his early life on the homefarm, and the first school that he attendedstood on the present site of the poor farm.He attended a disti'ict school and spent ashort time at the State University, but discontinuedhis studies on account of illhealth. He elisted in the late war on August14, 1862, and was mustered into service inCompany I, Twenty-Third Wisconsin Volunteers,with the rank of Sergeant. FromCamp Randall he went South, and participatedin the first attack on Vicksburg, afterwhich followed the battles at Arkansas Post,Port Gibson, Champion Hills, and BlackRiver bridge, the Siege of Vicksburg, andthe engagements at Jackson, Mississipjji, andJacksdn, Louisiana,and Carrion Crow bayuu,interspersed with numerous mai'ches andskirmishes. At the last fight he was takenprisoner, and was held two months at Alexandria,when, in May, 1864, he was exchanged.He then rejoined his command, with whichhe continued until the last fight at SpanishFort and Fort Blakely, Alabama.After the war Mr. Meyers returned to hishome in Verona, after a three years' faithfularmy service, and found that the father whomhe had left mourning the departure of a sonthree years before, had died and been buriedtwo weeks prior to his arrival from the war.Heat once stepped into the place made vacantby his father, until business and other matters,late in progress, were straiglitene(^i up.He then engaged in farming, carpenter work,and teaching, attempting by his etforts togain for himself a university education, inwhich he failed on account of ill health.He was married June 30, 1873, to AdelaideM. Shults, daughter of Daniel andLouisa (Sanford) Shults. His wife wasl)orn near Terre Haute, Indiana, September3, 1850. March 25, 1879, he received hisajipointment as Overseer of the Dane CountyPoor House and Farm, and in the sprint of1883 was also appointed Superintendent ofthe Dane County Asylum.During the timeof service in these institutions Mr. andMrs.Meyers had born to them two children:Jessie Josephine, who died when ten monthsold; and Idella May, now nine years of age.Mr. Meyers has a farm of240 acres, wellimproved,on which he expects to raisehorses.Politically, he is a Prohibitionist, and hasalways been independent. Socially, he is amember of Sylvester Wheeler Post, iN^o. 75,G. A. R. In religion he is a Baptist, and

144 niOOHAPnWAL REVIEW OFhas always been interested in churcli andSiinday-sciiool work, of which latter he hasbeen Superintendent for many years.In all the various walks of life Mr. Meyershas always been characterized by integrity,fidelity, and capability, and justly enjoys thefavorable regard of his fellow-men.^ M.WILLIAMSON, a retired realestatedealer, and avenerable pioneer^* of Wisconsin, was born at Bedford,Westchester county, New York, October 19,1801, son of Garrett, and Elizabeth (Ilaight)Williamson, who were born and reared in thesame county. Garrett Williamson was engagedin agricultural pursuits, and reared hischildren on the farm. Four of these stillsurvive, two sons and two daughters. TheWilliamsons are descended from Holland,and have been residents of America since beforethe Revolution. The mother of oursubject was of Welsh descent, and was agreat-granddaughter of Rev. James Whitmore.His father emigrated to Broomecounty, New York, about* 1804 or 1805, whenthat country was nearly anunbroken wilderness,leaving E. M. with the grandparents,with whom he continued to live until he wasfifteen.county.lie then joined the family in HroomeAlthough his educational advantageswere limited, he made the best of his opportunities,and at an early age was able to meetthe requirements of a teacher of a publicschool. He spent his winters in teachingand his summers in work in the lumbercamps or at milling until he arrived at theage of twenty-five, when lie left his father'shome and engaged in farming.In 1839 Mr. Willianison decided that theWest offered better advantages for a youngman, and accordingly he began to look aboutfor a location. Friends of the family hadcome to Wisconsin, and through their solicitudehe started here in 1839, reaching Danecoutity in the spring of 1840. In accordancewith his life-long motto of "make hay whilethe sun shines," be had so vigorously prosecutedhis studies when young, that he becamea competent surveyor, and did much ot thatwork in New York.After coming West heat once drifted into surveying. He waselected County Surveyor of Dane county,and while in that office did tnuciitoward surveyingand laying out early roads in thecounty. This business he followed officiallyand otherwise, for many years. Wild landin Wisconsin—and at that time there wasnot much except wild land —was largelyowned by non-residents, speculators in theEast.Seeing an opportunity for a profitaldebusiness, Mr. Williamson and his brother-inlaw,Mr. Catlin, formed a partnership for thehandling of real estate. They at once securedthe agency of several large Easternowners, and worked away inthis line of businesstillthey became one of the leading firmsin Wisconsin, as agents fornon-resident parties,their sales running up to many hundredthousand dollars. Mr. Williamson was forthree years Clerk of the Board of CountyCommissioners, under Territorial organization.In 1850, Mr. Williamson married, atRochester, New Yoik, Mrs. Eliza Wallace,7iee Bristol, a lady ofborn in New York cityand educated in Rochester.culture and refinementTliey had three children, two of whomare deceased. Mrs. Williamson departedthis life in 1891, and is interred at Madison.Miss Susan, their only living child, is nowthe comfort of her father in his decliningyears. He has suti'ered the misfortune of

DiilfE CODNTY, WISCONSIN. 145total loss of sight, but he is quite active andis as clear in mind as one of tiiirty, notwithstandinghe is now in his ninety-secondyear.For more than forty years Mr. Williamsonhas lived on the same block, ou east Daytonstreet. On this same lilock he owns andrents a residence, which, years ago, when itAtbuilt, was among the linest in Madison.the time he erected this building, it was difficultto procure the necessary material, so hehad his lumber hauled from Milwaukee andSauk City, and the shingles from northernWisconsin, all of wliich required much timeand great expense.Politically, Mr. Williamson is a Republican.He has never been an ofHce seeker,although at one time he filled the office ofJustice of the Peace, and at another wasDeputy Sheriff of Dane county. He is amember of the Episcopal Church.fSON. RICHARD DOUGLAS FROST,H\ one of the first settlers of Uloomingsubject.Grove, Dane county, Wisconsin, is ourThis well-known resident was l)ornin the town of Schaghticoke, Rensselaercounty, New York, October 9, 1821. Hisfather, Stephen Frost, was born inWashingtoncounty. New York,and his grandfather,Ezra Frost, was born in New England ofScotch ancestry, later removing from Massachusettsto Washington county. New York,and settling at Union village, where he engagedin mercantile life and so continueduntil death. Tiie father of our subject receiveda good education, and wlien lie grewto maturity, he engaged in clerking,later inbookkeeping, and from Union village hewent to Brooklyn, where he continued as anaccountant, and remained until death.The maiden name of the mother of oursubject was Elizabeth Cooper, born nearFort Edward, New York, daughter of Richardand Sarah (Osborne) Cooper. She died ather home in Schaghticoke. The maternalgrandparents of our subject were of Englishancestry. The grandfather, Richard Cooper,was born in New York, May 12, 1771, andspent his entire life in his native State. Hisparents were born in England.His wife wasborn in New York April 2, 1783, and herfather was born in England and came toAmerica in colonial times, dying in NewYork at an advanced age. The mother ofour subject married for her second husl;>and,John Dusenberry, and liy this marriagereared two^children : Joseph and Mary. Oursubject was the only child of the first marriage.Richard was about eleven years of age whenhe lost his father. He grew up in his homeuntil manhood, attending school steadily, andobtaining an excellent education.After marriagehe went to Troy, New York, and assistedin starting a gingham factory, thesecond institution of the kind in America,superintending the operation of that factoryuntil 1850, when illhealth compelled him tochange his business. He had purchased atract of laud in 1848, in the great West, onsection 20, Blooming Grove township, wherehe now resides, and when he knew that hemust change his mode of life he started towardhis western purchase, liy way of railroadhe reached 13uflalo, then by lake to Detroit,then by rail to New Buffalo, thence toMilwaukee, and then by stage to Madison.The pleasant old days of stage coaching havepassed away, only now enjoyedby the votariesof fashion, as tliey make a summer tour,

|146 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFbut in the days of which we write that wasthe only possible way to quicklv cover longdistances, as there were no railroads so far inthe wilderness. At the present time Mr.Frost rents his tine farm, having retired fromactivelabor.jThe marriage of our subject took place|February 4, 1841, to Miss Sarah M. VanAnden, a native of Schaghticoke. New York,and her father. Bernard Van Anden wasborn in the Mohawk valley, and was ofHolland parentage, but married and spenthis last days in New York. The maidenname of the mother of Mrs. Frost, was MissClarissa Robinson, born in Rensselaer county,New York, and her father. Nathaniel Robinsonwas a native of New England, and hadbeen a soldier in the Revolutionary war. liespent his last years in Schaghticoke. Themother of Mrs. Frost came to Dane countyand spent her last years with herdaughter.Mr. and Mrs. Frost reared a family ofthree children; Lewis, Emma E. and SarahM. The latter was born in 1849. and diedin 1S65. Emma married i[. E. Flesh, andresides in Chicago, and has two children.Sarah B. and Linnie. Lewis, the first childand only son, enlisted in 1862, in Company I,Twenty-third Regiment, Wisconsin VolunteerInfantry. Among the many battles inwhich he participated, was that of CarrionCrow, Louisiana, where he was severelywounded. He was mustered in as a private,was promoted to be First Lieutenant,and assuch commanded his company, and was honorablydischarged with it at the close of thewar, and is now in business at Winona. Minnesota.He married Miss Julia Karns, andhas a family of three children: Gertrude B.,Lewis V. and Donald K.Our subject has been a Republican sincethe formation of the party. He has servedas Township Assessor, and for a period oftwelve years he represented the town on theCounty Board of Supervisors, and in 1887was called still higher, being elected to theHon.State Legislature, and cast his vote forPhiletus Sawyer for State Senator. He was,for several years a member of theCommittee ofExecutivethe State Grange, and was alsoDirector of the Northwestern Relief Association,and also Director and Treasurer of theCottage Grove Fire Insurance Company.He is one of the most prominent men of thecounty, progressive and popular, the modelof a good citizen of State and county as wellas ofhis town.EORGE H. FOX, a physician of Stonghton,Wisconsin, was born in Oregontownship, Dane county, this State,Jnne 6, 1846, a son of Joseph G. and Mary(^Lalor) Fox, natives of Ireland. The fatherwas born in Waterfordcounty, and came toAmerica at the age of thirteen years, butlater returned to his native country. Aftercompleting his education he came again toAmerica. The mother is a sister of RichardLalor, now a member of Parliament, and shecame to this country after marriage. Shedied when our subject was only four years ofage, and four years afterward the fatheragain married.George H. Fox remained on a farm andattended select schools until fifteen years ofage, after which he entered the University ofWisconsin. In August, 1S66. he became astudent in the Bellevue Medical Hospital,where he remained two years, but was engagedin the practice of medicine after hisfirst course of lectures. Mr. Fox then followedhis profession in Dayton, Green

{'iicounty, Wisconsin, two years, was in partnershipwith his nncle thirteen years, re-maiued alone four years, ami in 1887 came toStono-hton, where he has ever since remained.Mr. Fox was married Febraany- 5, 1870, toLucy Allen, a native of Buffalo, New York,and a daughter of Kin^ P. Allen, a farmer'.near that place. To this union lias been bornsix children: May, Paul A., Lynn, Anna,William H. and Lucy. Paul has spent thepast three years in the University of Wisconsin,and the remainder of the children areattending the public schools of Stoughton.Mr. Fox affiliates with the Democraticparty, but has never sought public office.|ANIEL G. SHELDON, one of the pioneersof the great city ofa man worthy ofBASE corsTF. wmooNsiy. 147Madison, andmention in every walkof life, is the subject of this sketch.Mr. Sheldon was born inPittsfield, Otsegocounty, New York, August 10, 1823. Hisfather. Gardner Sheldon, was born in RhodeIsland, and his father, Isaac Sheldon, wasborn in the same State. The great-grandfatherof our subject was also named Isaac,and his father was born in England, andcame to America in the seventeenth century,and settled in Rhode Island. He was one ofthree brothers, the others being named Isaac.William and John.The grandfather of our subject wasrearedto agricultural pursuits. He removed fromRhode Island to New York, and lived inSaratoga county a few years, then moved toOtsego county, but spent his last days inSherburne, Chenango county.The father ofour subject went to New York when eighteen,and resided in Saratoga county a few years;from there he went to Pittstield, Otsegocounty, and lived there until 18i3, then withhis family moved to Genesee county, makingthe journey overland with teams.He locatedin that part of Genesee now known as andincluded in Perry. Wyoming county, andpurchased a farm and resided there manyyears. At the time of his death he wasliving retired inBethany, Genesee county.The maiden name of the mother of oursubject was Nancy Gorum, born atBallstonSpa, New York, a daughter of George andSarah (White) Gorum. She spent her lastyears with a daughter in Middlebury. NewYork. Oar subject was ten years old whenhis parents moved to Genesee county. Atthat time the country was but sparsely settledand but little improved.railroad or canal there, andThere was noAlbany was over200 miles distant, and it was the principalmarket and depot for supplies. Wheat atthat time sold as low as 40 cents a bushel.The mother used to card, spin and weave,and dressed her children in homespun.spun and wove the cloth for the firstSheovercoatour subject ever wore, and then made thegarment herself.Farming was conducted ona very different plan from that of the present.All grass was mown with a scythe; all grainwas cut with a cradle and bound by hand.Farm labor was cheap: for ordinary farmwork 50 cents a day was giyen; for haying,60 cents a day; for harvesting, $1 a day.His mother used to cook by a fireplace, andhis earliest recollection is of having no lamps,and even candles were a luxury. Eveningwork was done by the light of the tire.Our subject resided with his parents untilhe was twenty-one. then began life for himself,working on the farm at SIO a month.He remained a resident of New York until18i9. when he came to Wisconsin. He jour-

148 BIOGRAPHIOAL REVIEW OFneyed by team to Buffalo, thence via the laketo Detroit, thence on the lake via Chicacro toMilwaukee, thence with a team to Daneconnty, where his uncle, Daniel Gorum, hadpreviously settled. At that time his entirewealth was S-lOO, and he looked around for aplace to invest his money in a home, and inDecember of that year he purchased eif^htyacres of land, which is included in iiis presenthome. He had no team, and used to changework with his uncle, and in that way got ateam to break a portion of his land, lieworked out by the month, and was tinallyenabled to buy a pair of oxen. With thosehe did his farm work and marketing. Milwaukeewas the principal market for sometime. Wheat would sell for from 35 to 40cents a bushel, and corn at home would sellfor from 10 to 12 cents, and oats from 7 to10 cents. People who in later years haveobtained so much larger prices can realizelittle what struggles he had to go throughwith before he could build and equip hisfarm. He was very industrious, and successcrowned his efforts. He was at one timeowner of 240 acres of land, IGO of which hestill retains. His place has a beautiful location,overlooking the lakes and capital city.On October 8, 1851, our subject was marriedto Miss Adeline Curtiss, who was bornin Middlebury, Wyoming county, New York.Her father, Levi Curtiss, was born in Berkshirecounty, Massachusetts, in 1805, and hisfather. Comfort Curtiss, was born in Massachusetts,of Scotch ancestry. He removedfrom Massachusetts to Genesee county, NewYork, in 1807, and made the removal withteam. He was one of the pioneers in thetown of Middlebury, and bought land fromthe Holland Purchase Company, and erectedthe log house in the wilderness. For someyears bear and wolves were plentiful, and allstock had to be placed in pens at night topreserve them from harm. Here he improveda farm, which he occupied until hisdeath. The maiden name of his wife, thegrandmother of Mrs. Sheldon, was PriscillaWhitney. She was born in Massachusetts,and died on the home farm in Middlebury.The father of Mrs. Sheldon was reared on afarm, bought land adjoining that of hisfather, and resided there for many years.He then moved to Wyoming village, wherehe died one year later.The maiden name of the mother of Mrs.Sheldon was ClimeiiaRoberts, a daughter ofEbenezer and Mary (^Stanhope) Roberts, bothnatives ofMassachusetts, the former born inGreenfield, Franklin county; and the motherdied in 1890, at the home of her son. inSaunders county, Nebraska. Mr. and Mrs.Sheldon have three children living: Levi,May and Bertha. Levi married Miss RoxyBenson, and lives in Chicago and has twodiildren: Cora and Curtiss. May marriedJerome Holt.Mr. Sheldon is independent in politics, andhas oHieiated as a member of the TownshipBoard offOHNSupervisors.higxg).-:^^S«^DUDLEY, one of the early .settlorsand self-made men of the county,was born in Orleans county, Vermont,February 20, 1823. His father, TiTnothy Dudley,was born, as far as known, in New Hampshire,and his father, Stephen, is thought tobe a descendant of three brothers, natives ofEiiirland, who came to America in early colonialtimes.Stephen removed to Barton, Orleanscounty, Vermont, where he followed histrade of blacksmith and spent his last daysthere.

DA^E COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 149The father of our subject was nineteenyears old when he left his native State forVermont, where he was married. A fewyears after marriage he removed to Caledoniacounty and bought a farm, on which he resideda number of years and then returnedto Orleans county, bought afarm in Barton,where he died. He speculated extensivelyin land and raised a good deal of stock. Hisdeath occurred in July, 1890, when he wasin liis ninetieth year. The maiden name ofhis wife was Patience Jackson, bornin New Hampshire, daughter of TiiomasJackson. She died al)out ISfiO, after bearingher husband nine children, tiveof whom are still living, namely: John,George, Levi, Henry, and Diantha.Our subject was reared and educated inhis native county, attending school in thewinter and working on the farm in the summer.He remained with his parents until1844, when he resolved to go West to seekhis fortune, so viateam, Burlington railroad,Lake Champlain and Cham plain canal to Albany,Lake Erie to Buffalo and then to Milwaukee,from which city he secured a ridewith a Green county farmer to Janesville,and from there made his way on foot to thepresent site of Brooklyn. Here he spentfour months with Esquire Graves and assistedhim at cutting and splitting rails.Li July, 1845, he went to Janesville,which was only a small town and the surroundingcountry was but sparsely settled,much of the land being owned by the Governmentand selling for $1.25 per acre.Mr. Dudley found employmentquarrying stone and burning lime andremained three years, during which timehe saved his earnings and at the end of thethree years purchased the place he now owns,consisting of 120 acres, at $3.50 per acre, onwhich there were no buildings nor fence.Atthis time he was a single man and wasobliged to pay for his board, a part of tiietime working for it. At times he workedby the day, at others by the job and whennothing else offered directed his energiesin Janesville,towardimproving his own land, on which hesettled at the time of his marriage.His marriage occurred February, 18, 1852,when he was united to Rhoda Simmons, bornin Shrewsbury, Vermont, September 15, 1823,daughter of William Simmons, a native ofthe same town, and his father John Simmons,was a native of Germany, who came toAmerica during the Revolutionary war as asoldier in the British army.His sympathiesbecame enlisted on the side of the colonists,so he deserted and fought for independence,and became a good and loyal citizen of theUnited States, after the war. He settled inShrewsbury, Vermont, where he pu7-chased afarm and resided on it until his death. Themaiden name of his wife was Roby, born inRliode Island, and died in Shrewsbury.The father of Mrs. Dudley was their onlychild, and was reared and married in his nativeState. In April, 1827, he moved toMendon, Vermont, and bought a farm, wherehe remained a few years. His ne.\t removalwas to Sherburne, Vermont, where he liveduntil 1846, when he came to the Territory ofWisconsin, settled in the town of Fulton,Rock county, bought a farm of forty acres,improved it and resided there a few years,then renioved to Minnesota, settled in Ricecounty, and resided there until bis death,which occurred in 1870, in the eighty-thirdyear of his life. The maidan name of hiswife was Jane Cheney, born in Deerlield,Vermont, daughter of Barnabas and RhodaCheney.Mrs. Simmons died in Rice county,Minnesota, in 1871, aged eighty-three.

150 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFMr. Dudley has been a Republican sincethe formation of the party. His farm is oneof the finest in the county, and on it he hasa set of buildings that surpass almost all inthe county. He and his wife are good,worthy citizens, and highly esteemed by allwho know them.||ETEK W. MATTS, one of the venerableI?pioneers of Dane county, Wisconsin,has been prominently identified withits history, and it is therefore fitting thathonorable mention be made of him in thiswork; indeed, without some biographicalmention of him a history of Dane county,would be iucompk^te.Peter AV. Matts was born in J5ucks county,Pennsylvania, June 20, 1814, son of Johnand Catherine (Hoffman) Matts.His fatherwas born in Philadelphia, March 16, 1786,and his mother inBucks county, same State.April 7, 1786. Grandfather John M. Mattswas born in Bavaria, (Jermanj, where hegrew to manhood and was married. He emigratedto America prior to the Revolutionarywar, and was a resident of Philadelphiaduring that memorable struggle. Being acripple he was unable to serve in the army,but he made shot pouches, and his wife carriedthem on foot or horseback to the frontand distributed them among the soldiers.After the war they settled on a piece ofinlandBucks county, and engaged in the tanningof leather. He died there, September 23,1818; his wife, November 25, 1825. Oftheir nine children only two reached adultyears: Sarah and John. The former wasborn November 7, 1781, became the wife ofJacob Anthony, and died in Northam])toncounty. Pennsylvania, leaving a large famiiy.John Matts, the father of our subject,worked in the tanyard with his father, carryingon an extensive business. In 1808 hemarried Catherine Hoflnian, daughter of Johnand Margaret (Mayer) Hoffman, natives ofGermany. Her father died November 28,1838, aged eighty-two; her mother, August31, 1834, aged seventy -sLx. After his marriageMr. Matts also carried on farming. Hedied January 14, 1875. His wife passedaway in Pennsylvania, May 2, 1887. Theyhad ten children, all of whom grew to maturity,namely: Maria, wife of Joseph Anthony,was born December 5, 1809, and diedin Kansas in 1892; Josiali H. B., born June7, 1812, was a farmer and at the time of hisdeath, in March, 1882, was a resident of Veronatownship, Dane county, Wisconsin;Peter, whose name heads this article; Alexander,J., born October 3, 1816, resides on afarm in Lehigh county, I'ennsylvania; Elias,born July 24, 1818, lives on the old homesteadthat was settled by his grandfather;Delia F., born October 22, 1820. marriedW'illiam Servatus, of Franklin county, Kansas;John M., born August 7, 1822, lives inOregon, Wisconsin; Nicholas M., born October16, 1824, is a resideiit of Franklincounty, Kansas; Jackson F., born March 2,1827, lives in Lehigh county, Pennsylvania;Catherine, born June 28, 18B1, lives withher brother on the old homestead. Theaverage age of the eight living children isover seventy years.The subject of this sketch was reared inhis native county and spent his early lifeworking in the tannery and on the farm, receivingonly a limited education in the conntryschools. At the age of eigliteen he enteredupon an apprenticeship to tiie trade of

DjiNE COUNTY, WI8C01SSIN. 151carpenterand cal>inet-maker, and served twoyears. He then followed his trade in PennsylvaTiia,New Jersey and New York city.In 1837 business almost suspended on accountof the panic, and he returned home.He did not remain long, however, for a desireto see the Western country brought liimout to the frontier. He went by stage toPhiladelphia, then by I'ailroad to within eightmiles of Harrisburg, by stage to Pittsburg,and thence down the Ohio river to Cincinnati.Cincinnati was then only a small village.This was in the summer of 1837. Fromthere he went on foot and alone to Indianapolis,where he found business lively, and atonce obtained employment at fi2.5tl per day.In 1838, in company with Elias Stouthoverand wife, and two yonng men, with a fourhorseteam, he started for Wisconsin, arrivingat Madison in June. Tiie old capitol wasthen being erected and he worked on it twomonths. After that he again started outalone and on foot, going to Galena, Illinois,Dubuque and Potosi, and returning to Wisconsinand again locating in Madison. Therehe worked at his trade and also did contracting,continuing thus employed until 1846.That year he was elected Sheriff of Danecounty. In 18-48 he was again elected to thesame office, and served etficiently in thatcapacity two terms, his tirst term being thelast under Territorial Government, and hislast term, the first after Wisconsin was madea State. In 1848 he moved his family to thepresent site of Paoli, where he purchased asection of land from the Government andbuilt a house. After leaving the sheritPsoffice he improved the water-power at Paoliand built a sawmill and several houses, andalso cultivated his land. He ran the sawmilluntil he sold the water-power to B. M. Minch& Co., about 1867. In the meantime, in1853, he was elected to the State Legislature,and served one term. As the years rolled byand the country became settled, he was oneof the pi-ominent factors in advancing theinterests of this place. He platted Paoli onhis land, and still owns nearly all the unimprovedlots in the town. He finally sold hisfarm, with the exception of forty acres. Fora numiier of years he was Chairman of theTown Board. He has been serving a numberof years as Justice of tlie Peace.Septeml)er 4, 1842, Mr. Matts marriedHelen R. Dickson, who was born in Butternuts,Otsego county. New York, October 7,1824. Her father, Thomas P. Dickson, wasborn in Voluntown, Connecticut, April 1,1780, son of Thomas Dickson, who was bornin the same place, October 27, 1753, and diedJanuary 13, 1803. Thomas P. Dickson wasmarried three times. His first wife, neeHanna Olnistead, died in 1808, leaving twochildren, viz.: Anna, wife of David Hyer,who died in Madison, Wisconsin, in September,1843; and Hannah, who died at the ageof eighteen. May 15, 1809, he married DeborahKichardson, who died March 10, 1825,leaving an only child, the wife of Mr. Matts.His third wife was Esther Richardson, whomhe wedded February 5, 1827. She departedthis life at Galesburg, Illinois, in 1869. Mr.Dickson died at Butternuts, New York, in1829. The only child by his third marriageis David T., who came to Madison, Wisconsin,when a small boy, and was " devil" in thefirst newspaper office in Madison, deliveringthe first papers there. This was in 1838. Heis now a printer in Chicago.Mr. and Mrs. Matts have had seven children,as follows:Eugene W., born November15, 1845, married Calista Andrews and livesin Paoli; Alvernon T., born May 25, 1848,died that same year; Mary, born .lune 22,

Iwere152 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OF1852, married Edwin D. Wood, and her deathoccurred in I'aoli, November 10, 187S; Ella,born March 25, 1855, died January 5, 1878;Orville E., born July 7, 1857, resides athome; Florence, born February 4, 1800, diedOctober 2, 1886; aud Elmer D., bora October1, 1863, resides at Missoula, Montana, alawyer by profession. After fifty years ofhappy married life, Mr. and Mrs. Mattscelebrated their golden wedding in 1892.They are not members of any church, but arebelievers in the faith of the Second Adventists.Politically, Mr. Matts was a Whig in hisearly life. F>om 1854 till 1868, he was aRepublican, then he was independent of partyfor a while, and since 1876 has voted withthe People's party.fOHN0. CRABTKEE, oneof the wealthyand influential farmers of Burke township,was borntifty-tive miles from Liverpool,England, December 8, 1835. Uisfather, Jonathan Crabtree, was, as far as isknown, a native of Lancastershire, althoughhis ancestors were formerly from Yorkshire.The grandfather spent his entire life in Lancastershire,as did his wife, Ann Hudson.The father of our subject learned the trade ofblock printer. This was before machinerywas invented to do printing with. Mr.Crabtree followed liis trade until machinerywas introduced into the mills where heworked, when, in 1846, he came to America,accompaniedby his wife and eight children.They embarked from Liverpool on the sailingvessel Empire, aud landed inNew York June17, after a voyage of twenty-eight days.They went directly to Staten Island, wherethe father found work athis trade, and laterbecame manager of the factory.Here he resideduntil his death, which occurred in 1871.The maiden name of his wife was Mary Hudson,born in the same shire, daughter ofGeorge and Martha (Barcroft) Hudson.Shedied iu 1867, after rearing ten children, viz.:Annie, James, George, John C, Martha, Susannah,Sarah, ^Mary, Isabella and Barcroft.Our subject commenced work in the millat the tender age of seven, and received threeshillings a week for his labor.When he waseight years old he entered the coal minesand received eight shillings a week. Herehe continued until coming to America withhis parents, in his eleventh year. After arrivalin America he commenced work in themill at Staten Island, receiving $6 a monthfor the same work he had only received threeshillings a week for in England. In timehis waives were increased and he reniuiiied inthe mill until 1856, when he went to Pennsylvaniaand engaged in farming and mininguntil 1866, when he emigrated to Wisconsin,selecting Judah, Green county, as his firstlocation. Here he only remained one year,and then bought land in Monroe, where heresided until 1877. At that date he soldthis farm and bought the landand occupies, on section 11,This farm contains ninety-tiveacres of wellimprovedland.he now ownsBurke township.Mr. Crabtree married in Pennsylvania, in1857, Miss Matilda Moughmer, born in Centercounty, Pennsylvania, daughter of Adamand Margaret (Traister) Moughmer. Thefather of Mrs. Crabtree was born in Berkscounty, Pennsylvania, and her mother atSelin's Grove, same State, both parentsof German ancestry. Mr. and Mrs.Crabtree have had nine children, namely: Cyrus,Margaret, Mary, Elmer, Annie, Charles,Albert, Cora, Edward.Cyrus married Jessie

:DANE COUNTT, WISCONSIN. 153Cramptoi) and has four children, namely:Alice, AUiert, Ernia and an infant. Margaretisthe wife of Edward Keelock and hasone child, Arthur. Mary is the wife of FrederickWolf. Elmer married Sarah Roberts,and Annie is the wife of Arthur Hunt. Politically,Mr. Crabtree is independent inpolitics, votincr for the man he considers isbest suited for the office, regardless of partylines.^I^OLON De VALL, of^Stonghton, Wisconsin,was born in Weathersfield,Windsor county, Vermont, January 22,1823, a son of James and Eliza (Gould) DeVail, natives of Lancaster, in Massachusetts.Solon was given a district schooleducation, and began life for himself as afarm laborer in Vermont. In 1853 he purchased200 acres of unimproved land inRutlandtownship, Dane county, AVisconsin,which he improved. lie afterward sold thisplace and purchased another farm, threequartersof a mile nearer Stonghton. wherehe remained from 1872 until 1884. In thespring of 1885 he came to this city, whereboth he and his wife stillreside.Mr. De Vail was married in 1848, toFrancesM. Show, also a luitive ofWeathersfield,Vermont, and they have three living childrenJames D., of Stonghton; Calvin, of CouncilBluffs; and Carrie, wife of A. E. Gurmal,of Gihnore City, Iowa. One child died ininfancy.James D. De Vail was born in Dane county,Wisconsin, February 5, 1854, a son of Solonand Frances M. De Vail. At tlie age oftwenty-one years he began learning the carpenters'trade with Ellis Bros., of Oregon,Wisconsin, at which he worked for the followingsix years.farmed on rented land inand inFor the next four years heRutland township,1884 came to Stonghton, where lie hassince been engaged in the leaf tobaccotrade.At one time he owned the warehouse acrossthe track, at No. 15, but now does businessat No. 16.Mr. De Vail is one of the tobaccodealers in Stonghton.He was married January 12, 1879, toAlice Gurnsey, a native of Dunkirk township,Dane county, and they have two children:Inas M. and Cora A. Politically,Mr. De Vail is identified with the Democraticparty; and socially, is a member of the KetrosaLodse of Freemas(tns, also the Knitrhtsof Pytiiias.1^«|[ILLIAM S. WHEELWRIGHT, M.'WiMM^'—Prominent among the medical[=sffeS profession of Belleville occurs thename of the gentlemen whose name opensthis sketch. He has made this city hishome since the month of June, 1878, whenhe located within its borders. Dr. W^heelwrightwas born in Ohio, Decemlier 18,1851, being a son of David and Jane (Simmons)Wheelwriijht, natives of Englaml. Thefather came to the United States when hewas twenty-one years of age and the motheremigrated to this country with her parentswhen a small child. The father of our subjectlocated in Ohio upon bis arrival in thiscountry, and itwas in this State that he married.In 1854 he removed to Wisconsin,settling in Middleton, Dane county, wherehe remained until 1865, tilling the soil. Atthat date he removed to Vernon county, Wisconsin,where he settledin the town of Frost,remaining until his death. After his demisethe mother came to Belleville and made her

154 BIOGRAPHICAL HE VIEW OFhome with our subject, but died in Iowawiiiie 1)11 ii visit to a daugliter. She hadborne licr hushaud eleven children, of whomnine grew to maturity, namely: Sarah, whomarried Daniel Garlield, resides in Dawescounty, Nebraska; Subject; Hattie, who marriedWilliam T. Markee, resides in Toledo,Iowa; lluth, wbo married James H. Underwood,resides in Nol)raska, but is now attendingmedical college at Iowa City, Iowa;Ella, who married Henry Pepper, resides inElroy, Wisconsin; Daniel W. is a physicianof Lake View, Iowa; Thomas S. is a wagonmakerof Chicago, Illinois; Sidney is a studentof Toledo, Iowa; Nellie is in Omaha,Nebraska.The early life of our subject was passedon the farm, he receiving his early educationin the district schools of the neighborhood.His medical studies were commenced underDr. A. A. Kowley, of Middleton, and laterhe attended Rush Medical College, at Chicago,graduating in the class of 1878. Immediatelyafter graduation he located atBelleville, where he has since remained.the spring of 1878 he married Miss LnlnKowley, daughter of N. C. and Sarah Rowley,l)orn at Verona, Dane county, Wisconsin.Three children have been born to Dr.and Mrs. Wheelwright, namely: E.William Orville and Vivian R.InMaurine,Professionalduties engross the Doctor's attention tosuclian extent that he only takes sufficient interestin political matters to cast his ballot forthe candidates nominated by theRepublicanpai'ty. Socially, he afiiiiates witii BellevilleLodge, No. 74, I. (). O. F., in which be liaspassed all the chairs, and he is also a memberof the A. (). U. W. Both professionallyand socially Dr.Wheelwright is popular, anddeservedly so, for his constant endeavor istofaithfully perform every duty as it is presentedtohim.LEXANDER McMURRAN, an esteemedfarmer, residing in the town oflUirke, Wisconsin, was born inthe homewhere he now resides, September 28, 1859.His father, Marshall McMurran, was one ofthe early settlers of Dane County, and wasborn in Pennsylvania in 1811. The latterwent to Indiana when a young man, and U\huthere removed to AViscotisin, settling on thefarm now occupied by the subject of thissketch. He was accompanied by his wifeand family, and the journey was made overlaTidwith a team. At this time the countywas sparsely settled, and deer and other kindsof game were plentiful. His death occurredAugust 21, 1887. The maiden name of tiiemother of our subject was Mary Knight,who was born in Indiana, and died on thehome farm March 15, 1890. She rearedeight children.Our subject now has a fine farm of 320acres, and is considered one of the bestfarmers in the county. He has been engagedin farming and general stock raising. Forsome years he raised Galway cattle, but notliking them for dairy purposes, changed themfor shorthorns. In politics he is a Republican.||LE S. NORS^[AN, the popular CityClerk of the city of Madison, althoughyet a young man, hasheld a number ofimportant and responsible positions, and is atpresentserving his third term as City Clerk.He is also a member and clerk of the Boardof Education, and director and secretary of the

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN, 155Madison Benevolent Society. He is a manwho enjoys to the fullest extent the confidenceand esteem of his fellow-citizens, and deservedlyso,on account of his unswei'ving fidelityto duty, unquestionetl integrity and accommodatingdisposition.Mr. Norsman was born in the townsliip ofVienna, Dane County, Wisconsin, on the13th day of September, 1851, and his boyhoodlife" was spent on his father's farm, atwork inthe summer, and attending school inwinter. At the age of sixteen he enteredLuther College, Decorah, Iowa, and remaineilthere two years, after which he attended theWisconsin State University a couple of terms.Returning o home he continued working ontothe farm during the summer, and teachingschool in the winter, until the spring of1876, when he came to Madison and accepteda position as Clerk in the office of the Registerof Deeds, under Hon. L. J. Grinde,who was then Register. After one year'sservice as Clerk he was appointed DeputyRegister, which position he held for twoyears. He then, in 1879, accepted a positionas clerk in the office of the Ilekla FireInsurance Company of Madison, and aftera few months he became thecompany's bookkeeper,and continued in its employ untilDecember 31, 1S82. During the last yearof his connection with the company', he wasassistantsecretary thereof.In the fall of 1882 he was oftered and acceptedthe Democratic nomination for theoffice of Register of Deeds. Securing theelection, he assumed the duties of the officeJanuary 1, 1883, and continued as Registeruntil December 31, 1886, having been reelectedin 188-1. In June, 1887, he wasappointed Deputy Collector of Internal Revenueunder General A. C. Parkinson, CollectorSecond District of Wisconsin.This position he held until the expirationof General Parkinson's term, and was alsoreappointed by his Republican successor.General Earl M. Rogers, in July, 1889, butre-igned (Jctolier 1st of the same year. InJanuary, 1890, he was elected to his presentposition as City Clerk, taking the office onthe succeeding tirst day of April, and he hasbeen re-elected annually since.Mr. Norsman was united in marriage, inMadison, on tlie 21st day of June, 1882, toMiss Eleonora Katinka Seemann, who wasIjorn anil reared in Madison, and who is amost faithful and helpful wife and mother.She is of Norwegian birth, her father, JacobSeemann, and her mother, whose maidenname was Johanna Maria IJrunsberg, wereto'both born in Norway, near the city of Christiania.Mr. Seemann came to this countryin 1854, and to Wisconsin in 1855, and Mrs.Seemann came here with her parents, at theage of nine, in 1850. They were married inMadison in Mav, 1857, and having made theCapital City their home ever since, are wellknownand prominent people. Mr. Seemannisa successful attorney, who has held variousimportant official positions. He is an accomplishedmusician, his specialty being theviolin. In politics he a true blue JacksonianDemocrat of the old school.Mr. and Mrs. Norsman are thehappy parentsof three bright and promising children,the eldest a girl, now ten years of age, namedCora Marion Ray; and two boys: JeromeOrton, seven years old; and Edgar, theyoungest, a little over four.Mr. Norsman is also of Norwegian parentage,his father, Ole Svallieim, and his mother,Randi Thomasdatter I'^then, were bothbornin the parish of Sogn, Bergens Stift, Norway.They came to this country, and to Danecounty, in 18-18, the year Wisconsin was ad-

1D6 BIOGIiAPUlCAL REVIEW 'OFinitted as a State. They became acquaintedafter tlieir arrival in this country, and weremarried at Vienna in 1850, settling downimmediately on tiie farm, whicli still constitutesthe family homestead. His fatherdied in 1876, at the age of iifty-six. He wasa man of tiie strictest integrity, a worthy andhighly respected citizen, a good andsuccessfulfarmer, and an active member of theLutheran Church. His mother is still livingon the old homestead, active and in fairlygood health, although over si.xty years of age.She is also a Lutheran in her religious faith,and has tenderly reared a large family ofchildren, of whom ten are now living, twohaving died in infancy.Three sons and two daughters are married.Our subject is the oldest of the family. Hisbrothers are: Thomas, married to BetsyEggiim, and they have three children. Heowns and operates a farm near the old homestead;Peter, married to Nellie Huseboe,lives on the old homestead; Soren, is a hookkeeperin the Stoughton State J'ank, ofStoughton, Wisconsin, and John, the youngestin the family, is bookkeeper in the CapitalCity Mills, at Madison. His sisters are:Emma, married to Ole Gullickson, machinist,residing in Chicago; Julia, married to O. S.Wangsness, a merchant at Minneapolis,Minnesota; Mollie and Carrie, both employetlin Chicago, and Anna, who is a teacher, andlias just completed a full course at the StateNormal School at Whitcnvator, Wisconsin.^•-ir.^f.VKON 13.FRENCH, a businessman,1,Vm? ^^ ^''^ ^''y *'*" Madison, Wisconsin,^^~ and also of Gainesville, Florida, isthe subject of the present sketch. He wasborn in Leno.\ township, Madison county,New York, July 8,1826, and was the son ofLeonard and Mary (Wallace) French. Themother was born in Greenfield, Massachusetts,and the father inVermont, near l'>rattlei)oro.His people were originally from Wales andScotland. By occupation his father was acarpenter and farmer.Mr. and Mrs. French,Sr., became the parents of eight children, ofwhoni our subject is the third in number.The father passed away in 1853, in ALidison,and the mother in 1880. They had come tothe State in 1847, locating in Fitchburgtownship, where the father took npafarm.Our subject received very limited schoolfacilities, leaving school altogether when hewas si.xteen years of age. At this time hebegan work as a carpenter and farmer, althoughhe had done some clerking in a storewhen but fourteen ye^iX^ old, in New York.For two terms our subject taught school inFitchburg township, and then came toMadison,entering the store of Robinson ife Watermanas a clerk. Here he stayed until 1853,when he began keeping a restaurant in thiscity, which he followed until 1855, when heopened a grocery and meat market withJames E. Rhodes. This firm kept the firstmeat market on State street. He followedin this Iiusiness until 1S()6, when he sold outon account of ill health and entered into thereal estate business. Since that time he hasdone nothing else. Since 1882 he has hadan ofKce in Gainesville, Florida, where hespends the winter, and one in Madison, wherehis summers arespent.Tiie marriage of our subject took placeOctober 19, 1853, with Miss Elizai)eth Page,of Bucksport, Maine. The adopted daughterof our subject, Katie B., married Edward W.Hawley, a merchant of this city.Mr. Frenciihas been identified with the real- estate businessin this city, being a pioneer in it, and

h/L aAO~T^i^

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 157has liandledmuch property and possesses tlieconiidence of the business coniniunity. Inpolitics he is a Republican, active in theparty work, and was once a member of theBoard of Supervisors of Dane county. Keligiously,both himself and wife are connectedwith the Methodist Episcopal Church. Socially,he has long been an ardent and usefulmember of the I. O. O. F., and while uponattendance at one of the meetincrs in Florida,he was so unfoi-tunate as to dislocate theknee of his left leg. His name is one wellknownin both States, and he is held in highefateem.^^I^ON. WILLIAM PENN LYON.—TheIffl^ subject of this sketch, one of the Asso-'^M ciate Justices of the Supreme Courtthe State of Wisconsin, is the son of Isaacand Eunice (Coffin) Lyon. He was a nativeof Chatham, Columbia county, New York,born October 28, 1822. His parents weremembers of the religious society of Quakersand he was reared in that faith and stillclings to some of its excellent doctrines.AVilliam attended an ordinary common districtschool until he was eleven years ofofage,when he was placed at the counter as, a clerkin a small store conducted by his father andafter this he had theadvantage of about oneyear at select schools. These were the onlyeducational advantages whiph he enjoyed,but he was bright and ambitious and byclose application he qbtained a fair Englisheducation, inclndii^g a limited knowledgealgebra, geometry and natural philosophy,and gave sqnie time to the Latin language.At the early age of fourteen years hetaught a district school, but this emj)loymentdid not suit his taste and as soon as he couldmanage the matter he took a clerkship in a12ofgrocery store inAlbany and continued thereuntil the age of eighteen. While there hismind ran upon other lines and he spent all ofthe time he could spare from his duties inattendance upon the courts and Legislaturethen in session.In 1841 when he was nineteenyears old he accompanied his father andfamily to Wisconsin and settled at what isnow the town of Lyons, in AValworth county,and here he residetl until 1850.With the exception of two terms of schoolteaching he worked upon a farm until thespring of 1844, when he entered the officethe late Judge Gale as a student of law atElkhorn. He remained a short time withthe Judge, but returned to spend the summerat farm work, and soon after thisofhe wasattacked with an inflammation of the eyes,which prevented him using them for a year.That year he worked on a mill, tlien beingerected in Lyons, for $12 a month andearned §100. In the fall of 1845 heao-ain became a law student, and this timeentered the office of Judge Baker, of Geneva,and in 184(3 was admitted to the bar in Walworthcounty. He was chosen Justice of thePeace of the town of Hudson, now Lyons,ami immediately opened an office for the practiceqf law.His receipts for professional andpulilic services during the first year amountedto $60, the second year the receiptswere $180, the third he had increased it to$400 and the business of the fifth yeaiamounted$500.In 1847 Judge Lyon decided that his incomehad increased sufficiently to admit ofhis marriage and the lady of his choice wasMiss Adelia C, the accomplished daughterof the late Dr. E. E. Duncomb, of St. Thomas,Ontai'io, Canada.In those days the necessitiesof life, as well as the luxuries, did notcost as much as now, and Judge Lyon and

158 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFhis bride found their income ample in thatpart of tlie cduiitry. In 1S50 he removed toEurliiigton, Ilacine county, and tiiere formeda partnership with the late C. P. Barnes andremained at that place until 1855, when heremoved to the city of Racine and continuedthere in active practice until 1861. From1855 to 1858 he was the District Attorney ofRacine county, and in1859 he was chosen asa Representative in the Wisconsin Legislatureand was made Speaker. This was anunusual proceeding, as very seldom does adeliberative body call to the delicate andonerous duties of presiding oliicer, one wliohas not been a member of any previouslegislature,but in the case of Mr. Lyon the choicewasjustiiied by the capable manner inwhichhe discharged his duties. The followingyear he was again elected and again chosenSpeaker and he retired from his secondtermin the Legislature of his State at the age ofthirty-eight, with the warm admiration ofthe members, without distinction as to party,and with an enviable reputation throughoutWisconsin. An honorable and useful careerwas prophesied for him and this prophecy hasbeen fully realized.When the attack upon Fort Sumteraroused the country to arms Mr. Lyon didnot allosv his peaceful religious scruples tointerfere with his patriotic duty. One hundredbrave and determinoil citizens enlistedunder him and he became Captain of Com.panyK, Eighth Wisconsin Infantry, rankingfrom August 7, 1801. The regiment towhich this company was assigned was organizedSeptember 4th, with Robert C.Murphy, of St. Croi.\ Falls, as its colonel.Leaving Madison on the 4th of Octoberthey arrived at St. Louis on the evening ofthe next day. This was the famous " Eagleliegiment," so called from the circumstanceof their having with them an eagle, "OldAbe." They reached Renton barracks 986strong. The very next day after their arrivalthey marched against the enemy. By the20th of October they were in pursuit of"Jefferson Thompson" and on the 21st werenear Greenville, when a desperate tightensued,of which Major Jefferson, of the Eighth wrote:" The battle lasted an hour and a half and Ithink it was one of the most brilliant andcomplete victories we have had during thewar." Captain Lyon took an active j)art inthis, the first conflict engaged inby his regiment.After various duties had been performedby them, on the yth of May theEighth regiment was posted in front, whenthe enemy, with 20,000 men came out toattackGen. Pope. The Eighth was employedas a skirmish line and was intended to tallback when the (Confederates advanced inforce. The regiment withstood the artilleryfire of the foe for an hour without support,as the enemy outnumbered the Federalsand(general Ilalleck did not wish to bring on abattle, the National line retired to the rearand that terminated the action.After otherimportant service the regiment went intosummer quarters at Camp Clear creek, ninemiles south of Corinth. On the 5th of August,while in the hospital at luka, Mississipjii,the Captain was promoted to be Colonelof the Thirteenth Wisconsin. He subsequentlyreturned home for a brief period andafter being mustered out was made Commanderof the regiment just named, joinedit at Fort Henry, Tennessee, in October, 1862.In the last of October they joined the forceof General Ransom, marciieii thence to IIopkinsonvilie,intending to attack the enemyunder General Morgan, but did not come upwith them until the 6th of November. Ashort skirmish took place at Garrettsburg,

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 159and subsequently Colonel J^yon returneil toFort Henry.From tlie 21st of Deeenilier to the endof the year the regiment ])ursued Forrest,but returned to Fort Henry January 1, 18G3.On February 3d, information was receivedthat Fort Donelson was attacked. In halfan liour Colonel Lyon had his rei^iment onthe road, marching tore-enforce the Eightythirdat tiiat point. They arrived in thevicinity of the f(.)rt in the evening, with theloss of one man on the march. Meanwhilethe garrison of Fort Uonelson, assisted bygunboats, had repulsed the Confederates, had,in tact, gained a signal victory.During thespring and summer of 1863 Colonel Lyon'smen were sent out by him on scouting duty,taking many prisoners and preventing theformation of any considerable force ofguerrillas.This duty was perhaps the most difficultthat the soldiers of thewar were calledupon to perform. Participating in the forwardmovement of the Army of the Cumberlandthe Tliirteentli liegiment left Fort Donelsonon the 27tli of August, reachingStephenson, Alabama, on the 14th of September.Colonel Lyon was placed in commandof that post and this was a post ofgreat importance, being the depot of suppliesfor the whole army. The garrison was verysmall, provided with but little artillery andthe place was easily accessible to the cavalryof General Bragg; however, help came at thebeginning of October, with General Hookerin command, from the Army of the Potomac.On the evening of the 26tli of October, 1868,Colonel Lyon left Stephenson with his regimentand joined the brigade and went intowinter quarters at Edgefield, where theywere employed on picket and guard duty.However, three-fourths of their number haviugveteranized,the regiment left for Wisconsinon furlough, where they remained fiveweeks and then returned to Nashville, arrivingon their old camp-grounds on the 25thof March. In the last of April the Tliirteentliregiment was ordered again to Stephensonand Colonel Lyon placed in commandof that post. In the reorganization of thearmy, in 1868 and 1864, Colonel Lyon'sregiment was assigned to the First Brigade,Fourth Division, Twentieth Army Corps.He left Stephenson the 5th of June and fornearly three months had his quarters at Clayville,Alabama, guarding during this timevarious fords and crossings of theTennesseeriver. Late in August he was ordered toHunts ville, where he arrived September 3,and was placed in charge of the railroad fromClaysville to Stephenson, and was responsiblefor the preservation of the posts andlines of communication within his charge.His headquarters were at Huntsville until1865. On the 7th of July all this commandwas ordered into camp at Green Lake, Texas,and here on the lltli of September, 1863,Colonel Lyon was mustered out of service.He was subsequently brevetted Brigadier-General of the United States Volunteers,to date from October 26, 1865. The ThirteenthRegiment was mustered out inNovember, at San Antonia, reached Madisonon Christmas, the men were paid offaiul the Regiment disbanded. AlhoughColonel Lyon and his men were not engagedin any of the great actions of the war theyhave an honorable record for the performanceof arduous duties, holding important positions,guarding trains, watching the movementsof the enemy and contributing invariousways to the success of the battles. BeforeColonel Lyon was mustered out of theservice he was chosen Judge of the FirstJudicial Circuit ot Wisconsin and entered

KiO BIOORAPniCAL REVIEW OFiipon the dnties of tliat poBition December18G5, and ser%"ed with ability until the closeof hie term. July 4, 1866, Judge Lyon wasselected to deliver an address to the Governorand people on behalf of the soldiersthe presentation to tiie State of the battleflags. His oration was a masterly effort,impressive inits eloquencre.onIn 1879 Judge Lyon was the Kopublicaucandidate for Congress in the Fourth District,but was defeated by Alexander Mitchell.The death of Byron Payne January 13, 1871,caused a vacancy on the Supreme J>encii ofthe State, which was filledby Governor Fairchildby the appointment of Judge Lyon onthe 20th of the same month.In the foUowingApril he was elected by the people forthe unexpired term and for the full termsucceeding. He was again elected in 1878and again in 1884, the last time for ten years.He is now the Senior and ex-otiicio ChiefJustice, his term expiring in January, 1894.Without considering whether, if ho desired,he could be re-elected to his present position,.Judge Lyon publicly announced two yearsa. Cassidy.On commencement day, 1872, the Universityof Wisconsin conferred upon him thehonorary degree of LL. D.The published decisions of Judge Lyonsince he has been upon the bench run fromvolume 27 to 82 inclusive,and are characterizedby their brevity, and also sliow a carefulexamination of tlie law appertaining to thecases in liand. Proi)al)ly Judge Lyon wasthe first of the Supreme Court justices tojirepare a statement of the facts in each case,a task usually performed by official reporters.Judge Lyon is distinguished for his plainsimplicity of speech, and while it indicatesthe thoroughness of the lawyer, it also showsthe straightforwardness of the man.JudgeLyon's knowledge of law is thorough and hisinstinct of equity perfect. ~/There are two surviving children of thefamily of Judge Lyon: Clara Isabel, born in1857, the wife of J. O. Hayes, Esq.; andWilliam Penn, Jr., born iu 1861. Both residein California.lis^ON. WILLIAM II. POKTEIi.— Oursubject is a wealthy farmer, miller andLegislator, of Medina township, Danecounty. Wisconsin, whose sterling (jualitiesand manly ways have won for him legions offriends and an enviable reputation far andnear. Mr. Porter is the son of William F.Porter, whose father was Jonathan Porter, anative of Massachusetts, a farmer born in1771 and died in 1829, being the father ofsix children, viz.: Harriet S., John, Tyler,William F., Henry and Edward. The fatherof Jonathan and the great-grandfather of oursubject. Dr. Tyler Porter, was a physician ofWenham, Massachusetts, and a distinguishedcitizen ami patriot during theIvevulutionarywar. Edward is the only one of the sixchildren of Joiuithan Porter who isnow living.William F., the father of our subject,was, as will be seen above, the fourth child.He was born in Essex county, Massachusetts,April 18, 1806; was brought up on the farmand received his education in the publicschools of Massachusetts; left that State inthe spring of 1856 and came to Madison;had been previously married to Clarisa Lummis,.laiiuary 30, 1830, in Massachusetts, and

slie had died at Bradford, Massachusetts,September 23, 1854, leavinir two childrtMi,Martha and William II., our subject. Thefather of the latter after reaching Madisonsettled upon what is now known as Orchardfarm, inthe town of Burke, buying 22-4 acresof unimproved land, mostly prairie, which lie atonce proceeded to improve; erecting upon it agood brick residence, built a barn, outhouses,erected fences, etc.DANE OODNTT, WISCONSIN. 161This farm he sold in thespring of 1859; then removed to Madison,where he began to speculate in the real-estatemarket; for several years he continued to buyand sell and then went to Boston. He spentbis winters in Florida, where he boughtthousands of acres of land; owning a portionof the island of St. George, where he erectedtwo hotels and ran steamers for the accommodationof guests; put out orange groves,graded streets and had three hundred acresin Orange county, which was one of the bestorange groves in the State. He died atJacksonville, Florida, Noveml)er 20, 1878,aged seventy-two years, and was buried inhis native town of Wenham, Massachusetts.He was married to his first wife January 30,1830; and his second wife was ElizabethLane, of Haverhill, Massachusetts, there beingno children by the last marriage. The widowis living at Maiden, Massachusetts.Our subject, William H. Porter, was theonly son of his parents, and was born inEssex county, Massachusetts, Novemi)er 10,1830. He was educated first iu the commonschools, and after in the Lawrence Academy,at Groton, Massachusetts. Accompanyinghis father to Wisconsin, he remained onthe farm in Bnrke with his father until hesold out;when ho prospected for some timegoing through Minnesota, Iowa, Ohio andPennsylvania, looking at oillands in the latterState. Finally he came to Dane county.at Marshall, in 1860, where his father hadproperty—land and a flouring mill— whichinterests he took charge of and lived in Madisonuntil 1865, when he made Marshall hishome. He now owns in Marshall 800 acresand 360 acres in the adjoining town. Atonetime he owned nearly all the townsite andnow owns nearly all the vacant pro|)ertythere. All the land is used by him in fai-ming,he employing the necessary help. Healso owns the flouring mill at Marshall, afifty- barrel water mill on Waterloo creek;also is owner of the creamery building; is adealer in salt, etc., and owns a warehouse atthe depot. His business interests are muchlarger than those of any other man in thetownship and he is adding steadily andlargely to his already great means by shrewdmanagement, clear business ability andeconomic use of his forces. He is a man ofgreat force of character, exact justice, strongwill power, fine sense ofof ])urpose to be fair in allright and possessedthings.Our subject was married April 26, 1870, toElizabeth Bell, of New Brunswick, whosepeople came to Marshall from that provinceand afterward settled at Washburn, where herfather still lives, her mother being dead.One child was born to Mr. Porter by thisunion, William, who died when thirteenmonths old.Aftea the death of his first wifeMr. Porter married December 26, 1876,Nettie Page, of Dunkirk, Dane county Wiseonsin,who was born in Columbia county,Wisconsin. Her people were from NewYork State, and removed to Wisconsin, wherethey were early settlers. Her parents nowlive in Cowley county, Kansas. By the secondmarriage there have been three children,viz.: William F., deceased; James II., athome; and Charles, deceased.Mr. Porter has some valuable property in

163 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFterests in Florida. He was adininistrator ofiiis father's estate, and in that capacity disposedof property to the value of about $40,-000. He has been chairman of his town forabout twelve years; and was Postmaster foreighteen years, beginning witii the administrationof Andrew Johnson; and was treasurerof Marshall Academy. Mr. Porter waselected to the Legislature in November, 1S90,and has proved a most efficient public servant.His election to the Legislature is a high complimentto his merit and his popularity, hebeing a Republican and the district fromwhich he was elected being Democratic.Hissuccess in life, the wealth he has attained,has not lifted him up in pride above his neighbors,but on the contrary, he is a man ofmodest merit, kind to all and a favorite ofall who know him.4^ ^©^ ^fHOMAS O'M ALLEY, residentfornearly one-half a century on his presentfarm in section 13. Westport, Wisconsin,was born in Ireland, January 12, 1815.His father was Michael O'Malley, born incounty Mayo, Ireland, and his father, thegrandfatiior of onr subject, was born inthe same place, and these early settlers ofDane county, Wisconsin, named the town ofWestport for their ohi home of the same name.The name of the grandfather was PatrickO'Malley, and his wife was Mary Stanton, ofthe same neighborhood. Tiiis family hadbeen a family of farmers for generations, andthe occupation of the descendants since hasbeen the same. The grandparents of our subjecthad six sons and four daughters, whomthey reared on their farm in Ireland, andMiciiael was one of the older children.Theseold people died at a venerable age in theircomfortable home in Ireland, he at the age ofeighty-two years, and she after a few yearsdied at about the same age.Patrick O'Malley and some of his sonswere active and efficient in aiding the Frenchin the war between the French and theBritish. The wife of Michael and the motherof our subject, was named Mary O'Neil, thedaughter of Martin and Hannah (Fadden)O'Neil, and they too, were farmers inIrelandand died there, having reared a large family.Our subject and his brother John were theadvance guard of the family to America,sent by their father and with the privilege ofreturning to the old home and sharing in theestate if they did not like the new world. liefnrnished the means for the journey, and theysailed from Westport with four or five hundredother passengers ina sail boat, and aftera pleasant voyage of seven weeks landed inQuebec.From this port they went to St.Catherine,and worked for a farmer until spring. Mr.O'Malley had but SS inharvest time, but nopromise for the winter, and the first boatthat made the passage in the spring to Wisconsincarried our subject to join his brother,who had accompanied their uncle Thomasthere. This uncle had come with the boysto America. These two sons at first bought120 acres on Big Foot Prairie, on which theylived in bachelor style, and then went on theMississippi river to New (Orleans, workingtheir passage and chopped white ash wood at$1 per cord, and lodged on a flat boat on thebayous and small rivers. The country waswild in the extreme and theweirdness of thescene was heightened at night by the howlWhileof panthers, which infested the place.down tiiere they also worked at ditching onsugar plantations, and they celebrated St.Patrick's day by picking blackberries in thewoods.

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 103Wlienour subject came to Dane county, inthe spring of 1843, Lie entered eighty acres forpre-emtion, where hn now lives, and boughteighty acres of the Government adjoining.Here he built a rough lo"; cabin,16 x 20, oneand a half stories, and the steps to the upperroom was a ladder.This house he roofed withstakes, which ho rived and these pins weremade of red oak froma fine large tree on anadjoining piece of land. The old log housewas of the simplest kind, made in the mostprimitive style of architecture. In additiiinto the unskilled labor itrequired I)ut a smalloutlay of money for lumber, hardware andglass to construct those humble log abodes,as the first fioor contained two small windowsand one door, hung on wooden hintres, and agaping fireplace, as stoves were somethingyet unknown. The dwelling was not spaciousnor elegant, but supplied all the needs of acomfortable home for the hardy dwellerswho settled among the hills. This log cabinwas very durable, as it _stood erect until sixyears ago, when it was torn down to makeroom for an orchard. The timbers were hewedby his own hands, and for the remainder ofthe material he hauled logs ten miles to amill to be sawed into lumber.One long summer he lived alone, but heremembered a bright Irish girl from his oldhome that now lived in Milwaukee. She andher parents, I'eter and Bridget (Boland)Walsh came to America one year before theO'Malley's. They also sailed from Westport,landed in Quebec after a voyage of sevenweeks of storm. Their passage to Quebeccost five pounds, but to New York wouldhave been much more. Miss Catherine appreciatedthe lover who would come 100 milesto woo her, and became the wife of our subjectJanuary (3, 1848, the marriage ceremonybeing performed i>y Father McLaughlin.Three years afterthe location of our subjectin America his parents also came to thiscountry. Mr. and Mrs. O'Malley settled atonce inthe little but comfortable house whichhe hail liuilt, and she appreciated his care tohave a home before he asked any one to becomehis wife.Our subject is a man possessed of real immlycourage. To build a home at that time in thatwild, forsaken spot, he also must I)e endowedwith good physical strength and enduranceto withstand the many hardships necessary toremove the heavy forests and convert therough lands into such a fr\iitful farm as maybe gazed ujjon to-day. Mr. and Mrs. O'Malleyare now living in the full enjoyment oftheir hard-earned possession.They performedtheir mission well; and when departing leaveto posterity a good inheritance^ and theirhonored names, homes and deeds that theirchildren of to-day or future generations shouldlong cherish ingrateful remembrance.This is a couple who left kindred 'mid tears,Who quitted the scenes of their earlier years,With hearts full of hope for their fiUine success,Who lal)ored for years amid want and distressIn the depths of a desolate dark wilderness.For the first two years after our worthycouple settled in their wild home the nearestneighbor was three miles distant, which wasthe father of our subject, excepting Indians,there being as many as six camps to be seenabout half a mile away. Mrs. O'Malley, notbeing used to such society was very much afraidof her new associates at first, but in a shortwhile she grew to rather enjoy their companyin her lonely hours, and now takes greatpleasure in relating her dealings with them,and even going to visit them in their camp.Once during Mr. O'Malley's absence fromhome a rail fence took fire through the meansof hunters, ancf had it not been for the faithful-

164 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFness of the Indians in assisting Mrs. O'Malleyto extinguish it, the loss of propertymight have been great, as the flames were fastapproaching tiie barn. Ofttimes the Indianwomen brought pieces of gingham and calicoto swap for meat, potatoes, turnips, etc., andafter making a satisfactory bargain to bothparties, would sit down usually and makethe goods intoaprons for Mrs. O'Malley beforeleaving the liouse.amusing incident;She relates one verywhile slicM'as in the cellarfilling their bill, they helped themselves to acradle (juilt. wliich was over the sleepingbaby.She did not miss it until she discovereda corner of it hanging from nnder one of theirblankets, as they were a short distancefromthe house, she said nothing but with hastenedstep overtook them, and the tiist thing theyknew she gently drew tlie prize away. Theyonly lauglied and seemed to enjoy the joke asmuch as she did. However, this did notlessen her dealings with the Indians or herregard for them, but it certainly was thecause of her doul)ting their honesty, and everafterward kept them well in sight. Wellsand cisterns in those days were unknown inthis part of the world, and two years passedbefore digging a well, during which time forhousehold purposes, water was drawn threequartersof a mile from a lioiling spring, towhich place Mrs. O'Malley often, during the8umm(^r days took the clothes of the familyand did a large washing rather than bringsuch an amount of water as was necessary,80 long a distance. She even boasts of washhwsome of the best butter that was evereaten at the self-same spring.In these early days deer and wolves werevery numerous.Mr. O'Malley often sent hisdog to hunt a large flock of deer from grazingon his tine fieldof winter wheat, and enjoyedthe sport of watching them jump so gracefullyover a high rail fence. (A.11 the fences onhis place in those days were made of rails,split by our industrious subject.) On no rareoccasions were wolves known to come to thedoor of this hnrable dwelling and help themselvesto slaughteredpork or the like, hangingoutside, if not taken indoors by dark.Mrs. O'Malley, on returning from the homeof her father-in-law, where she had beenvisiting, barely escaped with her life from alarge gray wolf, who followed her threequartersof a mile. The first year of Mrs.O'Malley pioneer life, when her husbandwas called from home on business and hadnot returned at nightfall, would take a wrap,go out and crouch in the corner of a fenceclose by to await his return, which ofttimesreached the lonely hours of twelve and oneo'clock, owing to the great incon\eniiMice oftravel, rather than remain in the house, lestthe Indians would happen in find her aloneand kill her. Who now among us in thesedays of pleasure and plenty would willinglyface the privations and many dangers of theseearly pioneers; yet they have lived throughit all, Mr. O'Malley in the seventy-eighth yearof his age, healthy looking, with a constitutionof a school boy, Mrs. O'Malley in her sixtyfifthyear, was a woman of wonderful strengthand endurance, looks well, with an intellectas brifht as a 4rirl of sixteen, deliixhts to relateto her children and grandchildren herexperiences of former years.When Mr. O'Malley first came here hewent thirty miles to the nearest gristmill.Here they lived for some ten happy years.In 1861 onr subject built the present largeand comforta])le home.Trior to building thebarn, Mr. O'Malley proposed a new house,but his wife was practical andproposed thatthe barn should be built first, and this wasdone, and it is still iti good condition. It is

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 16540x60 with a basement for stables. Thebarn looks well now by the side of the newbarn, which was built in 1880, at a cost of$800. In the old oak barn he stored hiswheat and oats for some years, and stacked hishay outside. His first crop of winter wheatremained in the stack for three years, therebeing no market for it and as there were nothreshing machines. He then made a bedand trampled the grain out with oxen; this hehauled to Milwaukee by a slow team of oxen,taking a whole week to go and return.Traveling accommodations being very poor atthat date, he camped out over night on thejourney. He sold his wheat for 60 cents abushel, and in order to make the trip profitable,he would take with him on his returnloads of merchandise for the few storekeepers,who had just opened business in Madison.There were better times in store for our subject,however, and lately, during the Russianwar, he sold his fine cropsof wheat for from$1 to $2 per bushel. Milwaukee was alsotheir nearest place of worship for six years,when a Catholic Church was erected in Madison,i'riests being very few Mass would notsometimes be held oftener than once inthree months. At that time the settlerstraveled fifteen miles to reach Madison, whichis now only nine miles, thei'e being then nobridge across the Cattish stream. In thosedays the priests used to hold Mass in thedifferent farm houses in turns, occasionallyoffering up the Holy Mass, to give the faithfulan opportunity to attend to that all importantpart of their souls' salvation, whichwas appreciated by those God-fearing people.Some years ago they buried one daughter,Bridget, aged nine years, and another namedCatherine, who became a Sister of Charity,bore the name of Sister Felieitia, and was oneof the noble volunteers who became victimsof fever in New Orleans, September 26, 1878,aged only twenty-three years. She was avolunteer from I'altimore in the yellow feverscourge in 1878, and had been a Sister threeand one-half years.All honor to the memoiy(.>f this noble woman! The living childrenare: Mary, who now is a Sister of Charity inBuffalo, New York, where she has been forfour years, and is known as Sister MaryFrancis. She took the veil at the age ofseventeen years at Einmettsburg, and about ayear later was sent to New Orleans, where sheremained for twenty-three years, and in 1867barely escaped with her lifefrom an attack offever. Hannah is the widow of Thomas Welschand resides inMilwaukee, where she removedfrom her farm in Springtield township, inorder to educate her children, of whom shehas six. Martin is a farmer on his 280 acresin this township. His wife was Anna Connor,of Toten Creek, and they have two sons.Michael is a physician in Milwaukee, a graduateof Rush Medical College, and marriedLizzie Sweeney, of Watertown. Annie is thewife of Garret Sullivan, and lives in NewLondon, Wisconsin. Bridget is a maiden athome; Ellen is a teacher at Marinet, Wisconsin.She was received into tlie order of the SchoolSisters de Notre Dame at themother housein Milwaukee August 14, 1887, at the ageof twenty-four, and is known as Sister Laetitia,and is a very accomplished woman. Thomasis a young man at home on the farm; Vincentis the youngest of the family and is nowtwenty-four years of age.Mr. and Mrs. O'Malley and sou Vincent, inJanuary, 1882, took a trip to New Orleans,to see their daughter. Sister Mary Francis,who was at that time nursing the sick inProvidence Retreat Hospital, whom they hadnot seen since her first depai-ture fromhome, in 1866. They also knelt at the vault

16G BIOGRAPUIOAL REVIEW OFwhich contained the dear remains of theirdaughter, Sister Felicitia, and on their returnvisited niatiy friends in Chicago, whom theyhad nut met in years. Mr. O'Malley alwayshad a threat desire to view once more hisnative land, so, after receiving full consent ofhis wife, who preferred remaining on land,set sail for his old home in Ireland, June 14,1882, landed tlie 2l8t, after seven days ofvery enjoyable voyage. While all aroundhim were seasick he boasts of never missinga meal. He was also accompanied by his son,Michael, who was at that time attendingcollege at the Seminary of Our Lady of Angels,Suspension Bridge, New York. Timehad wrought wonderful changes in that oldhome since Mr. O'Malley's boyhood days.Of the companions of his youth few wereleft to greet him now, some dead and othersgone to lands unknown; not a trace of tliehouse inwiiich he was born, but he recognizedtlie very spot where it stood, every hill hehad climbed in youtiiful days, as well as otherplaces of interest wiiicii he had known. Hearrived home in August, after an absence oftwo montiis, fully convinced there was noplace like his American home.Mr. O'Malley now owns nearly 4:00 acres ofland in one body, and has more than half ofit under cultivation, and the balance in timber.He has 150 acres in corn and oats,keeps forty head of cattle, a number of workhorses. He feeds all of his corn to stalledcattle and hogs, and turns out as high as 150hogs aTidfrom fifteen to twenty beeves yearly.In Ids politics Mr. O'Malley is a Democrat,and is one of the most highly respected menin this county.AYDEN H. BEEBE, the efhcient andpopular State agent forWilliam Deering& Company, located at Madison,Wisconsin, was born in Platteville, this State,June 6, 184:9. His parents were Williamand Hannah (Holcomb) Beebe, theformer anative of Perry, New York, and the latter ofSouthwick, Massachusetts. His father, asaddler and harnessniaker bytrade, removedto Ohio when a young man, wliere, on April11, 1838, he was married. In the fall of1843 he made a prospecting tour to Wisconsin,at the time a new and sparsely settledcountry.The journey was made by the wayof the canal and river. In December of thesame year they returned, but as the river wasfrozen they were cou)pelled to walk the 700miles, which they did in eighteen days, arrivingat their destination several days beforethe regular mail. In tlie year of 1845 hereturned to the Badger State with his family,and settled in Platteville, Grant county,where they now reside. They had four children,two sons and two daughters.The subject of this sketch was reared on afarm, and walked three miles to the districtsciiool of his locality. At the age of twentyone,he began to learn the blacksmith, carriageand wagon trade inPlatteville, at whichhe served an apprenticeship of three years.He was shortly afterward oifered an inducementto rejirosent a large retail house, dealingin machinery and implements, whichposition he accepted, remaining with themfour years. About 1882 or 1883 he enteredthe employ of William Deeriug & Company,as expert and canvasser, and afterfour yearsbecame, in 1886, the manager at Plattevillefor the territory of southern Wisconsin andnorthwestern Illinois. In 1889 he came toMadison to assume the management ofsouthern Wisconsin, where he has remained

DANE VOUNTT WISCONSIN. 167ever since. By energy and perseverance hehas succeeded in placing the business of hiscompany at the head of itsline in the State,their present wareliouse being now too smallto accommodate the increased demands oftheir trade. He brings to his position athoroughly practical knowledge of machinei-y,being able to make anything from a hay raketo a traction engine.Mr. Beebe was married in November,1874, to Jennie Iloskings, of Platteville,whose parents were pioneers of the State.In 1892 she died, leaving to his care twochildren: Julius De Lessel and Edithe MayEtte.Socially, Mr. Beebe affiliates with the Masonicfraternity, in which order he has attainedthe Thirty-second degree.As a business man and citizen, Mr. Beebestands deservedly high in his community,being widely and favorably known as a personof unswerving integrity, indefatigableenergy and excellent judgment.EORGE DURKEE, PostmasterDe Forest, Dane county, Wisconsin,was born in Malone, Franklin county,New York, July 17, 1830, a son of MartinK. Durkee, a native of Burlington, Vermont.The latter's father, Harvey Durkee, was amechanic by profession, and also conducted ahotel in Burlington for many years. Hewas twice married, had six sons and threedaughters, and his death occurred in his nativeState in 1860. Martin Durkee, thethird son and fifth child by his fatlier's firstmarriage, was married in New York, to AbigailMiller, a native of that State. He diedat his home in Franklin county, NewofYork, in 1857, at the age of fifty years, leavinghis widow with twelve children, threeof whom died when young. The nine thatgrew to years of maturity are:Laura, widowof A. Huntington, and a resident of CharlesCity, Iowa;Louisa, now wife of David Hoag,a land agent of Charles City, Iowa; Charles,who died in 1878, aged fifty years; George,our subject; Joseph, who was killed duringthe late war; James, deceased at Hastings,Nebraska, when a young man; Harvey, ateacher in a commercial school at CharlesCity, Iowa; Lavina, now Mrs. George W.Furness, of that city; and Ellen, wife ofHenry Church, engaged in the Pension Department,at Washington, District of Columbia.He carries seven scars, received in thelate war. Joseph and James Durkee werealso volunteers in that struggle, serving inCompany G of the Berdan sharpshooters.Joseph was killed at Yorktown while onpicket or scout duty, in March, 1862, in histwenty-ninth year. He left a wife and threechildren. James was taken prisoner at thebattle of the Wilderness, and served as HospitalSteward in the Andersonville prisoneleven months.forGeorge Durkee, the subject of this sketch,came to Wisconsin in the fall of 1851, at theage of twenty-four years, and went immediatelyto the home of his uncle, Cliarles Durkee,a large land owner of Southport. Thelatter served in the Territorial Legislaturefrom MilwaukeeDistrict for four years, wasa member of the Senate in 1855, and afterwardwas appointed Governor of Utah, byLincoln.After workinof at farm labor in thesummer and in the pine woods during thewinter for four years, Mr. Durkee purchasedninety acres of land of his uncle, where heremained until 1871.In that year he boughta store building and opened a general merchandisebusiness in De Forest, where he has

168 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFengaged intrade about five years, and duringthat time also served as Postmaster. Sincetliat time he has given his attenion entirelyto tlie post office, and now has three routes.He served as J ustice of the Peace four yearsin Leeds, Wisconsin, and two years at DeForest, and married four couples during histime in office. While in the former city healso served as Postmater ten years.Mr. Durkee was married in 1859, toLydiaLord, a native of Leeds, Wisconsin, and theyhave had fourteen children, two now deceased.Their living children are: James, atelegraph operator of Jamestown, Dakota;Edgar, of Carpenter, Iowa; Mira, now Mrs.Hiram Smith, of De Forest, Wisconsin; E.M., engaged in railroad work in Iowa; Frank,of Stoughton, Wisconsin; Lulu E., at home;Mabel E., attending the high school inStoughton, Wisconsin;and John C, AlbertJ., Sarah L., Hattie and Geneva, attendingschool. Mr. Durkee is a stanch Republicanin his political views; and religiously is amember of the Second Adventist Church.(OLONEL WILLIAM H. ANGELL, apopular lumber dealer, is a resident ofSun Prairie, Dane county, Wisconsin.His great-grandfather, Henry Angell, wasone of three brothers, who emigrated fromGermany, and became one of the early settlersof Massachusetts, where his son, thegrandfather of subject, Augustus Angell,was born, October 14, 1757. He servedthrough the Revolutionary war, and then settledin Washington county. New York, wherehe married a daughter of Colonel Asa Martin,and afterward removed to Rutland county,Vermont. The father of our subject. CaptainNewel Angell, was born in Washingtoncounty. New York, December 20, 1789,andserved through the war of 1812, with hisfather, grandfather of our subject, and subsequentlyremoved to the eastern part of NewYork.Augustus Angell afterward removed toTiconderoga county. New York, where hedied, at the age of niiiety-si.\ years. His son,father of subject, died iu Wisconsin, March9, 1863, aged seventy-three years. Thefather of our subject was married twice, thefirst time to Charity Blackmail, March 10,1810, and the mother died June 23, 1822. Bythismarriage Captain Angell had six children.April 4, 1823, Captain Angell married MaryHollis Ransom, who died November 5, 1872.By this marriage there were nine children.William Harrison Angell, the subject ofthis sketch, was the second child of the firstmarriage, and was born June 20, 1813, inRutland county, Vermont. His youth wasspent in that State, where he attended thecommon schools of that State in the wintermonths, and in the summer worked on hisgrandfather's farm.He resided with the latterfrom his ninth year, when the death ofhis mother occurred, until he was eighteenyears of age, when he returned tothe State of his nativity, and worked on afarm.Subsequently he learned the carpentertrade and followed it about thirty years. In1842 he came to the territory comprising theState of Wisconsin, and settled in Walworthcounty, but only remained there two years,when he removed to Dane county in 1844,and has since made it his home. At thattime the county was sparsely settled, therenot being more than 500 people in the entirecity of Madison. His work here was on theTerritorial capitol house.As soon as Mr. Angell had accumulatedsufficient money he bought eighty acres ofland from tlic Govern inctit, nuw located

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 1G9within the village ofSun Prairie, paying tenshillings per acre for it. About two yearslater he bought forty acres ffom the Government,which is also witliin the limits of SunPrairie, and upon a portion of it the Chicago,Milwaukee & St. Paul depot is now located.He subsequently sold the eighty acres and aportion of the forty, and at the present timeisthe owner of 160 acres in the vicinity.Mr. Angell has served in several capacitiessince coming to the State, among which werea six years' term of service as Deputy Sheriff,first president of the Village Board of SunPrairie, which position he tilled acceptably aslong as the people could induce him to do so,and twice Chairman of the County Board ofSupervisors. He has always been prominentin all political enterprises and those tendingto benefit the general good, and althouo-heighty years of age stillretains his interest inpolitical matters to a wonderful degree, andnow is and always has been a stanch Democrat.He is very active for his age, and carries onhis business with the aid of his oldest son.He and his wife are the oldest settlers of SunPrairie, and both enjoy the well-earned respectand esteem of the entire community.They have been married fifty-three years.Colonel Angell was married, January 16,1840, to Electa L. Abernethy, at New Haven,Vermont, and they have six children, ofwhom two are still living, namely: WilliamE. and Darwin C. The former was born inVermont, and has always been, as he isnow,engaged in business with his father, exceptingthe interval of army service, which extendedfrom the beginniug till near theclose. He enlisted in the Twentieth Regiment,Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry, andserved about three years, participating invarious battles, commencing with Prairie(^rove. He was honorably discharged on accountof broken healtii and returned home,where lie has since remained. He marriedMaria Ayres, and eight children have beenborn to his wife and him, six of whom arestillliving.Darwin C, the younger son, left home atthe age of twenty-two and went to what isnow South Dakota, remaining two years,when he went to Leavenworth, Ivansas, wherehe is now engaged in business for the LeavenworthCoal Company. He was married toRuth Moak, and two children, both livino-,have been added to the family.When our subject was fifteenyears of age,he chanced to write his name "Angell," andliking the appearance of it spelled it in thisway ever since. At some remote date in thehistory the family changed the spelling from'•Engel," to that of"Angel."— ,ROFESSOR STORM BULL, of theUniversity of Wisconsin, was born inBergen, Norway, October 20, 1856, sonof Jens and Johana (Horugup) Bull. Hisparents were both born and reared inBergen.His father, a Colonel in the regular army,was retired on a pension in the summer of1892. His mother died in 1888. Their fivechildren are still living, and all in P]uropeexcept the subject of this article.Professor Bull received liis preparatoryeducation at Bergen, and spent about sixyears in an engineering anddrawing school,at the same time taking private lessons inmathematics and language. In 1873 he enteredtlie Polytechnic Institute at Zurich,Switzerland, where he graduated with thedegree of M. E. in 1877. He traveled extensi\-elyin Finance, Belgium, Germany andSwitzerland, visiting various shops and insti-

170 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OPtutes, and in the fall of 1877, returned toNorway. Tliere he was for two years headdranghtsinan in shipbuilding in the navalyards.In 1879 he received a call fromthe Boardof Regents of the University of Wisconsin,and through the influence of his uncle, OleBull, his father's oldest brother, came toMadison, Wisconsin. He has since beenconnected with the University. He was instructorin engineering from 1879 to 1885;assistant professor of Mechanical Engineering,1885 to 1886; professor of MechanicalEngineering, 1880 to 1891; and professor ofSteam Engineering since 1891. In the summerof 1892 he returned to Europe andvisited the Polytechnic Institutes of Norway,Germany and France, and the summer beforehe spent incharacter in America.visiting institutions of a likeProfessor Bull was married in Madison,October 8, 1881, to Maria Steineger, a nativeof Bergen. She died October 5, 1883, leavingone son, Eivind. August IS, 1886, hewedded Dina Munster, also of Bergen, Norway.Politically, the Professor is a Democrat;religiously, a member of the UnitarianCliurch. He has made various contributionsto scientific and literary magazines, both inthis country and inNorway, his works showingmarked talent and careful study.He isa mem1)er of the American Society of MechanicalEngineers.JLE NELSON FALK, of Stonghton,Dane county, Wisconsin, was born inAmble, Bergens Stift, Norway, August26, 1841, and emigrated with his parents toWisconsin in 1852 and located in the townof Cottage Grove, Wisconsin, where hisfather died in 1854. In 1858 Mr. Falkmoved to Whitewater, Wisconsin,the public schools there.attendingIn August, 1862, he enlisted as Private inCompany H, Twenty-seventh Regiment ofWisconsin Infantry, and was promoted toOrderly Sergeant, and later, to Secoml andFirst Lieutenant. Was present at the followingengagements: Siege of Vicksburg,Mississippi; Sartartia, Mississippi; Captureof Little Rock, Arkansas; Spanish Fort andBlakely, Alabama, and in many severe andfatiguing marches and countermarches andexpeditions usual in war; was at the surrenderof the Confederate fleet at MacintoshBluflF, Alabama, in May, 1865. In thelatter part of this month he, with the company,was sent across the (iulf ofMexico tothe Rio Grande, under the command of GeneralSheridan and was mustered out atBrownsvillle, Texas, in Septeml)er, 1865, afterserving three years.After returning to Wisconsin our subjectopened a drug store, which business he stillholds. It is now conducted under the nameof Falk Brothers.In 1884, in company withO. M. Turner, Mr. Falk organized the DaneCounty Bank, of which he holds the positionof flrst cashier. The business is carried onwith a banking capital of $60,000.His residenceis situated on one of the most choice locationsin the city and is surrounded bymore than an acre of ground.Mr. Falk was married in the winter of1866, to Mary J. Gjerde, a resident of PleasantSprings, Dane county. They liave si.\children:Clara J., Ilattie Adelle, Nelson II.,Fredrica M., Elmer and liolf. Miss Clarahas made a special study of music, taking acourse at Rockford SemiiiHry, Rockford, Illinois,and in1890 graduated at the celebratedChicago Musical College, receiving the an-

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 171mial Marshal Field diamond medal for excellencein the work. Since that time shehas met with great success in teachingmusic. Hattie Adelle has also made a specialstudy of music, graduating from theteachers' class of the Lyric Schoolof Chicago.Mr. Falk is socially a member of the (1. A.R. Post, and belongs to the Lutheran Church.fUDGEDAVID TAYLOR.—This articleplaces before the public a record ofone of the prominent men of Madison,Wisconsin, who has passed away, having diedat his home April 3, 1891. He was born inCarlisle, Schoharie county, New York,March 11, 1818. He came of Scotch-Irishancestry and was the son of Joseph Taylor,who was born in the north of Ireland andthere was reared and received good educationaladvantages. His family were almostall professional men and so continue in Irelandto this day.Joseph Taylor came to America and settledin the State of New Yoi-k when he wasquite a young man and became a farmer inSchoharie county.Our subject grew up under the good,Christian training of pious people and wasone of a family of eight children, the mostof whom are now dead. He obtained anacademical education in his native countryand graduated from Union College, NewYork, with the class of 1841. He at onceturned his attention to the practice of lawand was in the office of Attorney HenrySmith, of Catskill, New York, and after twoor three years of study, he practiced somethree years in his native place. In 1846 hedecided to try his fortune in the West andcame to Chicago and proceeded to Milwaukee.From there ho made his way on the back ofa pony to Green Bay, Wisconsin, and thustraveled over tlie sparsely settled countrywhere there were but few houses scatteredover the wide prairie. Seeking a locationthat bore the appearance of future growth,our subject selected Slielioygan, as presentingmore signs of greatness than either Chicagoon her muddy swamp, or tiian Milwaukeewith her incipient breweries, and at the littlevillage he entered into partnership withCyrus P. Hiller (since deceased) and thispartnership proved a pleasant and successfulone for fifteen years.While in the city of Sheboygan, JudgeTaylor, in 1863, became a member of theAssembly and in 1855-56 he was made a memberof the Wisconsin Senate.In the contestfor a seat in the United States Senate, in 1857,he was mentioned as one deserving of tliathonor, and in the election of the Legislaturehe received the vote of the venerable WymanSpooner, notwithstanding the choice of theRepublican caucus had fallen upon James R.Doolittle. The following year he was chosenas Judge of the Fourth Circuit and served iuthat position until January 1, 1869.Three times was Judge Taylor a Representativeand twice a Senator; prior to 1853he had been a Circuit Judge, and lie hadtwice revised the State Statutes of Wisconsinand was known as a most competent cudifierand law counselor and the last revision of theState Statutes was started about 1874 and requiredthe close applicationof three revisersfor about four years, sometimes requiringthe assistance of two others.Judge Taylor was elected Circuit Judge in1858 and filled that office for eleven years.He was later elected to the State SupremePencil and held that office from 1878 to hisdeath. He came to Madison in lS7Sandde-

172 BIOORAPHICAL REVIEW OFvoted his whole soul to the work of his profession.He left a host of friends in Wisconsinand was among the well-known men ofthe State and was considered one of thejudges of the State.hestJudge Taylor was no office seeker, but histalents as a scholar and as ajurist could notbe hidden and he was elected to office withoutregard to party lines.In politics he was alwaysa sound Republican and for many yearsa consistent member of the CongregationalChurch.fiiOMAS HEATTIE, a coal merchantof Stoughton, Dane county, Wisconsin,was born in Northumberland county,England, December G, 1830, a sod of Henryand Margaret (Muitt) Reattie, also natives ofthat country. The father was a stonemasonand builder by occupation. Thomas, thesecond child in a family of three sons andtwo dauehters, attended the common schoolsof England until fourteen years of age. Hethen learned the millers' trade, after whichhe followed that occupation with his unclefor years. At the age of nineteen years hecame to America, locating in Wisconsin,but shortly afterward removed to Chicago.In 1850 he came again to this State, and thecountry was then oidyhaving been but a fewsparsely settled, therehomes between Beloitand Janesville. Mr. Reattie was engaged atliis trade at Lockport, Illinois, live years; thenwent to Chicago; next rented a mill atDayton, Green county, this State, twoyears; owned an interest in a steam-mill inGreen county, Wisconsin, one year; andthen rented a mill at Albany, in the sameCDimty.In 18G2 Mr. Reattie enlisted in CompanyR, Thirty-First Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry,of which he was commissioned Lieutenantby Governor Solomon. The regimentleft the State March 1, 1863, landing at(^olumbus, Kentucky, ^farch 8, and was assignedto the Sixth Division, Sixteenth ArmyCorps, and ordered into camp at Fort Halleck.April 14, 1864, the regiment wasassigned to the Fourth Division, TwentiethArmy Corps, and on the 3d of July, wastransferred to the Third Brigade, FirstDivision,Twentieth Army Corps, Joe Hooker'scorps, with which it was identified from thistime until after the grand review at Washington.Lieutenant Thomas Reattie was detailedin June, 1863, as Superintendent ofthe Military Prison atColumbus, Kentucky,in which capacity he served until about thelast of September, when the regiment wasordered to Nashville, Tennessee. Duringthe winter of 1863 and '64, he was in commandof a detachment of mounted Infantry,and scouted in middle Tennessee. On June10, he was again detached and appointedsecond in command ofthe Military Prison atNashville, Tennessee, in which capacity heserved untilApril, 1865, he was then relievedand ordered to report to hisregiment, whichhe did at or near Raleigh, North Carolina,on the day of Johnston's surrender to GeneralSherman. From Raleigh, he marchedwith the regiment to Washington, and tookpart in the grand review, and was musteredout of service with his regiment June 20.1S65.After the war he rented a small mill inGreen county, Wisconsin, but later conductedthe same business at Loveland, nearCouncilBlutls, Iowa. He then rented a mill atDayton, Wisconsin, one year, and in 1867,in company with James Norris, bought theStoughton Mills, which they conducted about

VANE COUNTY, WrsCONJSlN. 173eleven years, under tlje firm mime of Norris& Beattie. In 1878 Mr. I'.eattie sold hisinterest to George Dow, since which time hehas been engaged in selling coal.lie was united in marriage, in New York,in 1858, with Ann Tailor, a native of England.Tiiey have had four children; MargaretAnn, wife of W. Atkinson, of Stoughton;Henry, at home; and two deceased ininfancy. Mr. Beattie is a llepublicaii in hispolitical views, has served as president of thevillage Board for four years,and Mayor oneyear, and in 1879, was elected to representliis district in the Legislature of Wisconsin.4^^|LAUI)IUS ELLI8 was born in Schuylercounty, New York, August 3, 1822.lie was the son of iJenjamin Ellis, anative of Dutchess county. New York, bornabout 177

174 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFwheat crop repaid him his money.The pricethat year was from SI to $1.50, and withinthree years he sold 1,400 bushels at 48 cents.They first bought a farm in Middleton township,and sold it at an advanced price of^1,000, and that was one of the financialbariraiiis ofhis life.Our subject has always done a mixed farming.Their three children were born inSchuyler county, and their names were:B. R. Ellis, now a farmer in Windsor township,and he married Olyette Smith, of NewYork, and they have a son and daughter;E. li. Ellis married Martha Leland, who wasborn in this county, of New England parents.They have four sons and three daughters,and still reside on the farm. Thesesons were in the civil war. The eldest wasthe first to go from theMadison University,at the age of twenty years, and enlisted as aprivate in the cavalry, but was made a Sergeant,and served three years, andwas neverwounded, although he liad two horses fallbeneath him. The one that he brought homehad a iiall through its jaws. The second sonwent into the army the last year of the war,and entered the Second Cavalry as a private.He was with Custer in Te.xas, and camehome sound.Mr. Ellis was chairman of the Board ofSuj)ervisor.s for two years, and served threeyears during the war. He was a Justice ofthe Peace for many years, and has been aDemocrat all his life. The quota of soldiersin this town was filled largely through hisefforts, and he paid out $18,000 in bountyduring lii.s administration, for his town ofWestport.In 1859 Mr. Ellis went to Tike's Peak,and was in that country for two years, prospecting,and he took a ranch near Denver,which he improved by building upon it.[Icowned some village property there.He wentacross the plains with a company of fortyothers, of whom he was the captain. Histeam was two yoke of oxenand one yoke ofcows. The party was three months on theway.Mr. and Mrs. Ellis had but one daughter,Alice, who married David Davis, ofWindsor. They settled on their fine farm inWindsor, and have one son, Robert E., andone daughter, Nettie A. Mrs. Davis diedMay 15, 1889, aged thirty-seven years. Shewas an accomplished teacher, and had taughteighteen terms before marriage. She issadly missed, as her many lovable traitsmade her very dear to husband and children.rfIIIJ. NASETT, of Christiana township,Rockdale post office, Dane county. Wis-•V* cousin, was born in Sogen, Norway, December80, 1833, a son of Johannes andElla J. Nasett. His parents came to Americain1845, locating on section 25, Christianatownship, Dane county. Wisconsin.For thelast ten years of his life his father wastroubled with a diseased leg, which wasafterward amputated, and both he and hiswife are now dead. They had seven eliildren,four daughters and three sons, of whomour subject was the fifth in order of birth.He came to this country at the age oftwelve years, where he received a limitededucation, and has always been engaged infarmintr. He still resides on the old homesteadof 160 acres, where he makes aspecialty of raising tobacco. Mr. Nasett isa Democrat in his political views, and hasheld many of the minor offices of liis township.Religiously he is a member of theNorwegian Evangelical Lutheran congregatiunof Dane county, Wisconsin, belonging

DANE COUNTT, WTSCONkTN. 175to the society called the JSorwegian LutheranSynod ofAmerica.Mr. Nasett was united in marriage, November13, 1855, to Anne S. Larson, then ofChristiana township, Dane county, Wisconsin,hut who came from Norway, her nativeState, to America, in 1843. Tliey had sixchildren, of whom five are now living:Lars,now a general merchant at Robbinsdale,Minnesota, of the firm of Nasett & Linde;Gustav, a farmer at Utica, Wisconsin ; Adolpli,a farmer; Hannah, now the wife of NeisEUingson, a farmer at Utica, Wisconsin; andJosephine, who resides at home. The devotedwife and mother died September 8,1875, leaving many to mourn her loss. August2, 1879, Mr. Nasett married MariaJohnson, who left Norway for America May6, 1878. They have six children: Abel,John, Otto, Ella, Anna (deceased) and Anna.^^ILLIAM B.ATKINSON, a farmerof Dane county, Wisconsin, was born^^^^ ill the city of Leeds, i orkshire, England,May 30, 1839, a son of John and SarahAtkinson, the former a native of Leeds, andthe latter of Yarmouth, England. The parentswere married in their native country, andreared a family of nine children, six boys andtiiree girls. They came to America whenour subject was nine years of age, locating inMilwaukee, Wisconsin, the following yearwent to Rock county, and the next year cameto Dane county.William B. Atkinson attended school inEngland, also in I)unn township, Wisconsin,and was a student at the Stoughton Academyone year. In the fall of 1862 he enlisted inCompany K, Thirty-third Wisconsin Infantry,under J. B. More, in the SeventeenthArmy Corps. He served in the Army of theWest, was one and a half years under Shermanand Grant, and participated in all thebattles and skirmishes of his regiment. Hisbrother, E. J., was killed near a spring betweenJackson and Vicksburg, by a stroke oflightning. Mr. Atkinson was mustered outof service at Madison, in 1805, after whichhe remained at his father's home inPleasantSprings township until thirty-three years ofage. In 1873 his father gave him his farm,160 acres on section 31, where he has sincebeen engaged in general tanning, making aspecialty of the raising of tobacco. In 1887Mr. Atkinson erected a tine two-story brickresidence, one of the best in the county.Politically he affiliates with the Republicanparty, has served as Supervisor of PleasantSprings township, and a member of theBoard several terms. Socially he has lieena member of the Philo C Buckman Post,No. 153, of Stoughton, for the past five years.Mr. Atkinson was united in marriage, in1875, with Lncretia E. Devoe, a native ofOakland, Jefferson county. They have hadfive children, namely: George E., Willie W.,deceased, atthe age of four years nine monthsand nine days; Forest A., Lorenzo D., andClare J. II Atkinson.LA A. SOLHEIM, the able superintendentof the Martin Luther Orphans'Home of Madison, Wisconsin, was bornin the parish of Foerde in Soendfjord, Norway,October 19, 1858. His parents wereNels O. and Oleana J. Solheim. His fatherwas a farmer who emigrated with his wifeand children to America in 1870, and wentto Grand Haven, Michigan. Here the fatherimmediately secured employment on a rail-

170 mOORAPHWAl. HE VIEW OFroad then under construction, but died withintwo inontlis time, leaving his family destitute.The subject of this sketch was about twelveyears of age when his parents emigrated tothis country, his previous lite having beenpassed on his father's farm, during whichtime he was able to attend school only eightweeks annually, beginning with the ninthyear.Arriving in Grand Haven ho found employmentin a shingle mill.After his father'sdeath the support of the family, for sometime, devolved on himself and a nineteenyear old brother, who had come to this countryfour years previously. lUit it was notlong before his strong andenergetic mother,always anxious to give lier childi-en the bestpossible opportunities for advancement, bythe hard and assiduous toil of her hands, wasenabled to contribute cotisiderable towardmaintaining the family, until she, from theearly spring of 1874, became the sole supporterof herself and the three youngest children.In 1S75 the family removed to Leecounty, Illinois.Having by this time become imbued withan ambitionfor an education, young Ola wasnot long in finding a way to attain the desiredobject. Soon after going to Illinois heentered Luther (college atwhich he graduated inDecorah, Iowa, at1881, with the degreeof A. B. He continued there one year asinstructor in music, and then entered theLutheran Theological Seminary at Madison,Wisconsin. This school then occupied thebuildings now used by the Norwegian Synod,as an or])hans' iiome. From here Mr. Solheimwent toWillmar, jMinnesota, where hefor two years was connected with the WillmarSeminary, the first year as a teacher andthe second year as a traveling agent. Wenext find liini in Norway as a student oftheology at the University of Christiania,where he remained two years and a half.1888 he returned to America and, since thefall of 1889 has held his present ])osition atthe head ot tlio 0,N. WILLETTS. MAIN, DeputyUnited States iMarshal for the westerndistrict of Wisconsin, was burn in Edmeston,Otsego county. New York, August15, 1828. His father, Alfred Main, was bor^in North Stonington, Connecticut, and hisfather, Laban Main, was born in the sameplace. Tile great-grandfather of our subjectwas also a native of the same place, but theIn

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 177great, great-grandfather was a native of Englandand came to America inThe grandfather of uur subjectcolonial times.emigrated toOtsego county in 1814, and followed agriculturalpursuits there for many years. lie thenremoved to Allegany county, where he spentthe remainder of his days. The maiden nameof his wife was I'olly Brown. The father ofour subjectwas nine years old when his parentsremoved to Otsego county. There hewas married at tlie age of eiirhteen, his wifebeing in her fifteenth year.In 1833, with hiswife and three children, Mr. Main emigratedto Allegany county.They made the removalwith teams, taking all their earthly possessionswith tiiem. He purchased a tract oftimber land and at once began to improve afarm. There was water power on the placeand Mr. Main utilized it by building a sawmill,which he operated in addition to hisfarming interests until 1846, when he soldand came toWisconsin, making the renjovalby team to liSuffalo, thence by lake to Milwaukee,thence with a team to Waukesha,where he remained until April, 1847, andthen came to Madison.In 1850 he was electedSheriff of Dane county, and served two years.During the war he was Clerk in the Quartermaster'sDepartment, and after the war wasover settled on his farm, four miles from thecity, where he resided untilhis death, whichoccurred when he was seventy-seven years ofage. The maiden name of his wife was SemanthaStillman, born in Otsego county. NewYork, daughter ot llev. Willett and Soviah(Noyes) Stillman.She died on the home farm,at the age of sixty-nine, after rearing fivechildren as follows: Alexander H., WillettS., Amelia A., Fannie and Annie.Our subject was seventeen vears of agewhen he came to AVisconsin with his parents,in February, 1847, became to Madison, makinghis advent into the city on foot. At thattime the capital city was a small village ofabout 500 people. He soon found employmentof various kinds, most of the time clerking,until January 1, 1851, when he was appointedUnder Sheriff' and served in that capacityfor two years. In 1852 he was electedShei'itF, and alsoserved two years in that position.At the expiration of his term of officehe and his brother engaged in mercantile pursuitsand continued in the same until 1860,when he was againappointed Under Sheriff,and served two years, ami in 1862 was electedSheriff in which capacity he sei'ved two years.The next two years he served as Under Sheriff"when again, in 1866, he was elected Sherifffor the third time. At the end of his termof office he was again made under Sheriff" andon January 1, 1871, he was appointed ChiefDeputy United States Marshal, in which positionhe served sixteen years. He then retiredto his farm, where he engaged in agriculturalpursuits. But he was not permittedto remain in obscurity, for in 189t) he wasagain called into public life to fillthe positionhe had held four years before, that of DeputyUnited States Marshal, which position he stillholds. Mr. Main has been a Republican sincethe formation of the party. He has served asa delegate to the different county, districtState conventions, and was elected to theandStateSenate, in 1888, representing Dane countyfor a period of four years. He is now presidentof the Monona Lake Assembly.

178 BIOGRAPHIOAL REVIEW OFiarus. Mr. Main has two sons by bis firstmarriage: riaiiiiiton W. and Frank J., whoare engaged in business in Hastings, Nebraska.By the second marriage there arefour children: Susie, Annie, John and Lois.Mr. Main has been a member of the BaptistChurch since he was twenty-one and has beena Trustee since 1852.SAJORCHAKLES GEORGE MAY-ERS, a popular citizen of Madison,Wisconsin, was born in Manchester,England, August 31, 1826, and grewnp there and received iiis education in bisnative place at both public and private schools.lie served his articles of apprenticeship in anaccountant's office^ which was also the office ofthe secretary of the Royal Institution ofAlanchester. AV^hile there he attended all ofthe lectures of the Institution. He then decidt!(ito come to this country, and took passageearly in the spring of 1848 from Liverpoolon the sailing ship Ivanlio, which landedhim after some weeks' voyage in New York,and from there he came on up toAlbany andthen came across to the city of Buffalo andthen around the lakes to Milwaukee. HecanK^ thence overland in prairie schoonerstyle and settled on eighty acres of land nearWaunakee, inDane county, a tract which hohad bought in England for twenty poundswithout ever seeing it. He spent two yearson this place and then came to what was thenbut a small village, but has now grown to thegreat metropolis. Soon after tliis he becamethe State Librarian and made the first catalogueof the library. Later he was made assistantsuperintendent of Public Instructionof Wisconsin, and afterward Assistant Secretaryof State under Charles D. Robinson.Later he became interested in buying andselling land and in 1857 he was elected CityClerk and held that office until 1861, when heenlisted in the Union army. He becameLieutenant and Quartermaster of the EleventhWisconsin Regiment Volunteer Infantry anddid service for some time, being on the staffof General Canby. Ho was thus connectedat the close of the war and was retained inthat department until September 30, 1865,having been breveted Captain and MajorMarch 24, 1865. Hisservice was in the Armyof the Tennessee.Major Mayers witnessed many of the seriousengagements of the war, as Port Gibson,Vicksburg, Black River Bridge, ChampionHills and many others. He was neither hurtnor imprisone

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 179the promoters of the Shakesperean club offOSEPHC. CANNON, of DunkirkMadison. He has been Assessor of the city township, Dane county, Wisconsin, wasof Madison for seventeen years and has been "1^ born in Delaware township, Tompkinsin the insurance and real-estate business for county, New York, December 12, 1828, a sonthe same length of time. Mr. Mayers is a of Joseph and Rachel (Huyck) Cannon, themember of a numl)er of orders, was one of former a native of Connecticut, and the latterwas born on the banks of the Susque-the organizers of the G. A. R. Post here,which was the first post organized in the hanna river. When our subject was sevenUnited States, the date being June, 1866. years of age, the parents came West, firstHe is Past Commander of the post, known locating in Chicago, in July, 1836, but remainedthere only a short time. In February,now as C C Washburn, No. 11. lie is amember of the Wisconsin Commandery, 1837, they removed to Racine county, Wisconsin,and in the fall of 1843 Mr. CannonLoyal Legion and is the oldest member andthe oldest Past Master of the Madison Lodge, and his brother came to Dane county, the remainderof the family coming the followingNo. 5, A. F. & A. M. He has been for someyears, and is at present Eminent Commander year. They settled on section 24, Dunkirkof the Commandery, Knights Templars, and is township,while Wisconsin was yet a Territory.a sound Democrat in his politics.The father died September 28, 1850, and theMr. Mayers was married, in Manchester, mother July 23, 1846. They were the parentsof seven children, of whom three areEngland, to Miss Catherine Fitzgerald, a ladywho has proven a true helpmate to him. The livincf: Mrs. E. E. Roberts, E. D. Cannon, afamily residence is on Jenifer street, in view farmer now living in Cherokee!, Cherokeeof Lake Monona. He attends the Unitarian county, Iowa; and the subject of this sketch,Church. Six children have been added to the who was the youngest child.family, as follows: Maggie, who was educated Joseph C. Cannon was reared to farm life,in the University is the principal of the Sixth and received only a limited education. HeWard school; Andrew A. is a grocery merchantat Madison; Emily A. was educated first load of books to the capital when thecame to this county in early life, took thein the university, and is an artist, married; State was organized, and only a few of theJulia F. is a well educated lady, married; settlers still survive who were then in theMinnie, married and lives in Minneapolis; county. He immediately began improvingand Charles is in the Hartford Insurance a farm, and in February, 1859, went overlandbusiness, with office in Chicago.to California. He returned to this State theMajor Mayers has been many years commodoreof the Yacht Club. He is a member and now owns two farms, (me of 238 acres,following year, resumingagricultural pursuits,of the executive committee of the State Historicalsociety and is one of the oldest mem-on sections 26 and 23. In his political views,on sections 23 and 24, and ninety-eight acres,bers of the far-famed Madison Literary Club. Mr. Cannon affiliates with the RepublicanHe is a companionable gentleman and one party, and his first vote was cast for Lincoln.whom his friends delight to honor.He has held the office of Supervisor one year,-^^lyi/UO- ~ q/irm^^ was elected Postmaster of Hanerville, in1876, and has held other offices.

180 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFMr. Cannon was married March 9, 1856,to Hannah M. Dickson, who was born inFranlvlin county, Oliio,February 25, 1832. adaugliter of Hiram and Elizabeth M. (Hayward)Dickson. Mrs. Cannon came to Wisconsinin June, 18-45. To this ntiion hasbeen born five children, viz.: Charles H., ofLos Angeles, California; Joseph H., of Dunntownship, Dane county, Wisconsin; Alice E.and Mary E., both married and reside inChicago; and Eva M., at home. Mrs. Cannonis a member of the Methodist EpiscopalChurch.(NDREW S.BROWN, is .Sheriff of Danecounty, Wisconsin, where lie is widelyand favorably known, having been bornin Verona township, that county, April 3,1855. His parents were Alexander andMargaret (Smith) Brown, both natives ofFifeshire, Scotland, where they were married.His father was a rope- maker by trade, andemigrated with his family to America, in1842, making the voyage in a sailing vessel,which was eleven weeks on the way. Sixmonths after their arrival in New York city,his father became superintendent of a ropemakingestablishment, which position he retainedsix years. In 1848 the family removedto Wisconsin, then the extreme frontier, andsettled in Verona township, Dane county,where his father commenced farming. Byindustry and perseverance, he acquired a competencefor his family, and enjoyed the esteemof his community, because of histhorough integrity and uniform good nature.The subject of this sketch was reared onthe home farm and attended the commonschools of his locality. At the age of eighteenhe came toMadison, where he was employedfor some time by Mr. John La Mont, in sellingfarming machinery. After this, he washead salesman ten years, for Mr. S. L. Sheldon.In January, 1892, he entered the employof the Fuller cfe Johnson ManufacturingCompany, for whom he has continued to sellgoods ever since. September 21, 1892, hewas nominated Sheriff on the Democraticticket, and was elected by a very large majority,emphasizing most thoroughly his popularityamong his fellow-citizens.Mr. Brown was marrieii November 13,1877, to Katharine Mausbach, an intelligentlady and a native of Madison. They havethree daughters:Iva, Agnes Edna and MargaretAlexandra. They reside in their attractiveand comfortable home at the cornerof east Johnson and Fen streets, where theyare the center ofa large circle of friends.Possessing intelligence and enterprise,thoroughly upright and holding the welfareof the community at heart, there is everyreason to believe that Mr. Brown will makean efficient sheriff, discharging his dutieswith exemplary fidelity and judgment.EliMANN PFUND, a lawyer of Madison,Wisconsin, was liorn in llallau,canton Schaffhausen, Switzerland, October28, 1842.His parents were Conrad andMargaret (Berger) Pfund, also natives ofHallau, where the father was for several yearsprincipal of the public school, thereafter occui)yingthe same position at Schleitheimfrom 1843 to 1857. In March, 1857, thisfamily left the latter place and emigrated toAmerica. They came to La Crosse, AVisconsin,near which place the father bought a farm,which he sold several years afterward, andremoved to La Crosse, where he took up his

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 181former vocation again and coiitiaiied teachingthere until his death, Novenber 11, 1891, theworthy wife and mother still living there.They had thirteen children, seven boys andsix girls, of whom four sons and two daughtersdied ininfancy, and adult son dying severalyears ago.Hermann Pfund was thefourth cliild, andpassed the tirst fourteen years of his life inhis native land.He attended the elementaryschools there, until he was eleven years ofage, after which he entered the high school,where he remained three years longer, duringwliich time he had private instructors inLatin and English, in addition to his otherstudies. He accompanied his parents to LaCrosse, and worlied on the home farm duringhis minority.Being sufficiently well versed inthe English language lie then secured a positionas teacher in the county schools. Heafterward conducted a school at Nauvoo, Illinois,wheie he went in 1866, remaining therethree years, when, on account of ill health,he returned to his home in La Crosse. In1869 he was called to take charge, as principal,of the schools at Alma, Uuflalo county,Wisconsin, where he continued teaching forfive years, when his health again failed, andafter a short rest, he commenced, in the springof 1875, the study of law inEau Claire, withJudge Ellis. In 1876 he entered the lawdepartment of the State University, at whichhe graduated the following year, 1877.Mr.Pfund shortly afterward, at Madison, Wisconsin,formed a partnership with F. E. Parkinson,in the practice of law. Sometimelater this union was dissolved, and H. M.Lewis, then UnitedStates District Attorney,became Mr. Pfund's partner, both continuingas partners about live years, when, in thespring of 1891, this partnership was also dissolvedl)y mutual consent, and ]\[r. Pfundnow practices alone. He enjoys a good lawpractice, and is the only attorney in Danecounty who attends to the settlement of estatesand collection of claims in Germanspeaking countries, as he is equally wellversed in English and German. His businessis divided between this and local practice.Mr. Pfund was married P'ebruary 23, 1879,to Annie Scheibel, an intelligent lady, theonly child of FredScheibel, of Madison, Wisconsin.The father died in the spring of1892, while the mother died when Mrs. Pfundwas still in her girlhood. To this union havebeen born live children: August Herman,Helen, Adolf, Carl and Annie.Politically, Mr. Pfund has usually affiliatedwith the Republican party.In 1886 he wasappointed Circuit Court Commissioner byJudge Alva Stewart, which office he stillholds, having been reappointed by Judge Siebeckerupon the death of Judge Stewart.Religiously he is a member of the GermanLutheran Church, and is one of the Trustees(_>fthe congregation at Madison.fOHNA. ROSS, one of the pioneers of1845, is one of the prominent and substantialfarmers of Montrose township,residing on section 32. He was born in thetown of Jerusalem, Yates county, ISew York,June 8, 1818, a son of John and ChristieAnn Ross. The father was born in Edinboro,Scotland, and his parents were Hugh andThe family came toMargaret (Allen) Ross.the United States in 1700 and settled in Hebron,Washington county, New York. Mr.Ross had been a merchant in Edinboro, therebecame wealthy and came to the UnitedStates in order to purchase farms for his sons.

182 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFWith tliis idea in view lie purchased considerableland in Wa.-^hington county. NewVork, although he himself removed to Galway,Saratoga county, New York, where bothhe and his wife died at the age of sixty-six.The grandparents of our sulyect had six children,as follows: James, a farmer, who diedat Covington, New York; John, father ofour subject; William, a merchant of NewYork city, who died at that place; Charles,engaged in farming on the old homestead inSaratoga, until the last years of his life,when he went to Illinois and died near Spoonriver; Euphemia. married Gilbert Mitcheland resided in Johnstown, Montgomerycounty. New York, until her death; andMargaret, who married John McMillan, amerchant of New York city,where she died.All of the above reared families of their ownand were in comfortable circumstances. Thefather of our subj'ect was born on New Year'sday, 1769, a few months before the familycame to the United States. He was rearedon a farm and like his brothers was given agood education, and when he grew to manhoodhis father presented him with a goodfarm in Saratoga county. New York. Hewas married in 1806, to ("hristie Ann Mitchel,a daughter of James and Mary Mitchel, bornin Albany, New York, although her parentswere natives of Scotland and had come to theUnited Slates on the same ship as Mr.Mr. Mitchel was also a wealthyRoss.merchant ofScotland and came to the United States toinvest in land.The father of our subject, tenyears after marriage, sold his property inSaratoga county and purchased 356 acres ofland in Yates county, where he cleared 100acres of heavy timber. He was a hard workingman, very economical, and as time wenton had one of the best farms in the township.It is locateil five miles froni Prnii Yan,atthefoot of Crooked lake, and to-day is valued at§300 an acre. He sold his farm in 1825,andimproved a farm in Chautauqua county,but ten years later removed to Livingstoncounty. New York, whence, in 1845, becamewest and died at Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Atthis time he was seventy-six years of age.The mother of our subject died in Danecounty, October 17, 1871, aged ninety-two.The whole family were taken sick with shipfever on the journey to Wisconsin from NewYork, and it was from this disease that thefather died in Milwaukee. The family consistedof six children, as follows: Margaret,married John Webb and resided in Danecounty, but died in Minnesota; Charles, wasa farmer of Dane county until his death;Daniel, became quite a traveler and finallydied in Caliiornia; James, was a boot andshoe merchant in York, Livingston county.New York, and finally died there; our subject;William, died young; and Elizabeth,died in early life,soon after the family cameWest. The parents of our subject were membersof the Reformed Presbyterian Church.Our subject resided with his parents untilhe grew to manhood, and then engaged inthe boot and shoe business with his brotherJames before coming West, and there madeconsiderable money. After coming to Wisconsinhe improved a good farm in Veronatownship. In 1858 he was married to MissCatherine Martin, a daughter of Peter andJanette (Davidson) Martin. She was bornin Perthshire, Scotland, November 1, 1832.The family came to the United States in1841 and settled on a fai-m in Dane county,where Mr. Martin purchased 240 acres ofland and carried on farming as he had donein Scotland.Both Mr. and Mrs. Martin diedin Dane county, aged seventy-six and sixtyyears, respectively. They had a family of

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 183three children, namely: Catherine; Jessie A.,who died in early lite; and Patrick, who wasa farmer of Verona township, where he died.In religion they were all Presliyterians.Aftermarriage onr subject continued to resideinVerona township until 1859, when hetraded for the property where he now resides.He owns 500 acres of land and engages instock-raising, also deals in live-stock, keepingup a superior grade. lie erected astone residence and several good barns, andhis beautiful erounds are tilled with ornamentaltrees. He has made of this place noonly an excellent stock farm, but one of themost attractive homes in Dane county. Mr.and Mrs. Ross have had seven children, asfollows: John M., who died in chihlhood;AVilliam L., a traveling salesman; James,Henry, Emily and Cora, at home; and Edwin,who is working on a farm in Minnesota.In religion, Mr. Ross still clings to theviews of the Covenanter. He was reared inthe Reformed Presbyterian Church, and onaccount of these views he has not united withthe General Assembly Church, but as somemembers of his family are Presbyterians he isa liberal supporter of the church at Belleville,nad was the principal contributortoward thechurch edifice. Mrs. Ross is a member of thePresbyterian Church, and is a lady of taste andrefinement, most highly esteemed in thecommunity. Probably on her account Mr.Ross has taken such a prominent part inassisting the church at Belleville, although, asabove stated, he cannot consistently unitewith it. He is an honest, upright man, buthas never been willing to accept public office,ashe felt that he could not bear blame whenhe knew that he was doing right. For thisreason, although his party, the Republican,has elected him to local office, he has neverconsented to qualify.fORGRIM OLSON, one' of themerchants of Madison, islea.linglocated at No.23 South Pickney street, under the firmname of ( )lson & Veerhusen and carries on alarge and flourishing business. This firmdeals in gentlemen's furnishing goo«ls, hats,caps and also do a general tailoring business.Mr. Olson has been a resident of the capitalcity since 1861 and has made his way up froma bench tailor to his present position. Afterhis arrival in Madison Mr. Olson was engagedat his trade until 18(55, when at that time lieengaged in business for himself, unartnerMadison,remaining with him for eighteen months,when Messrs. Olson, Winden & Co. boughtthe business of Mr. Friend, and have sincebeen interested together, the company beingVeerhusen, and for seventeen years the firmhas been one of the leading tailoring establishmentsof the entire city. They have establisheda reputation for good work and theirtrade is so large that a couple of clerks andtwo cutters are needed all the time.Our subject was born near Christiania,Norway, January 9, 1838. He lost his motherwhen ten years of age and grew to manhoodin his native place without her tender care.Mr. Olson was not the first of the family tocross the ocean, as a brother,Knudt, crossedthe water in the early '50s. He is now asuccessful farmer in Minnesota. Mr. Olson,our subject, early learned the trade that wasto prove of so much benefit to him, and wishedto have a broader field to exercise it in, sowhen his father, brotiier and sister decided to

184 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFjoin the brotlier in tiie new world, Torgrimcame along and the family landeil on tlie St.Lawrence, sixty-one miles from Quebec, fromwhich place they made their way to Wisconsin.Knudt had settled in Vermont, Dane county,Wisconsin, and with this son the father madehis home for many years and then came toMadison, where he remained with our subjectuntil his death, which occurred November,1892, when he was aged eighty-four. Hebore the name of Ole Torgriinson and was agood and worthy pioneer of Wisconsin. Heand his wife were life-long members of theLutheran Church. The other two children,Ole and Mary, who came to the United Stateswitii the father, are yet living and both arefarmers of Griggs county. North Dakota.Our subject was married in Madison toMiss Karen Hendrickson, born in Norway.Her parents died when she was young andshe was brought to this country with a sisterand brother, theyoung people coming directto Dane county, Wisconsin. The l)rutlier laterdied in Mitchell county, Iowa, where thesister still resides, being married and surroundedby a family. Mr. and Mrs. Olsonare among the leading people of their countyand city. For many years they have l)eenfirm members of the Lutheran Church.Mr.Olson is a sound Republican in jjolitics, butdoes not lower his political intluence in seekingfor office. He and his wife are the parentsof two children, both now deceased,Henry dying when fifteen years of age, abright, promising lad and Gijda was takenaway by death when only four years of age.kROF. JULIUS E. OLSON.—luliusEmil Olson was born in Cambridge,Dane county, AVisconsin, November 9,1858. His parents are Norwegians, whocame to Cambridge, August 12, 1852. Hisfather, Hans Olson, was born on a farm inthe parish of Norby, a few miles south ofChristiania, Norway, on the 20th of March,1817. Both of the latter's parents were bornin the same jiarish. During his youth thefather worked on a farm and at intervalslearned the shoemakers' trade, in which heperfected himself in Christiania. On the 3dof November, he married Karen MikkelsdatterFjeld, who was born February 2, 181(5,in the East Liniii annex of the parish land,near the head of the Rauds Fjord, about 100miles northwest of Christiania. Her fatherwas a country tailor. When about eighteenyears of age she went to Christiania to serve,where she found a pleasant and comfortablehome with the widow of a university professor.Madam Steenersen. This lady spenther summers on a large estate (Orager)nearthe city, which had once belonged to thefamous Count Wedel Jarlsberg.This estatewas worked by Professor Olson's grandfather,and it was here that his parents first met.On this estate they lived the first two and uhalf years of their married life. After thisthey lived on various farms in the vicinityof Christiania, until in the spring of 1852,when they sold their small stock of cattle andhousehold goods and prepared to emigrate toAmerica, the land of promise, whither thousandsof their countrymen had gone before.They had six children and the undertakingwas no small one. They left Christianiaabout May 10, on a sailing vessel,landing inQuebec after a voyage of fifty-three days.From Quebec they proceeded to Milwaukee,where they engaged a team and wagon totake them to Cam bridge, at which placethefather soon obtained work as a shoemaker.He was an excellent workman and in thecourse of a few months began business for

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN, 185himself. He was very successful, but in1874 he was forced to give np his work onaccount of ill iiealth. At this time his tenchildren were all ahle to provide for themselves.In 1881 his health was completelyrestored and he is now (1892) enjoying thefruits of his days of toil. On the 5th of OctoberProf. Olson's parents celelirated theirgolden weddincr, on which occasion the tenchildren were present.Prof. Olson has eitrhtsisters and one brother, whose names are asfollows: Mina, the widow of John Hanson,stillresides in Cambridge; Olina, the wife ofSever Rasmusson, of Stougiiton,Wisconsin;Cecilia, the wife of Rev. M. F. Wiese, ofUtica, Wisconsin; Bertha Karina, the wifeof Prof. Rasums B. Anderson, of Madison,Wisconsin; Herman V., of Rushford, Minnesota;Annette, the wife of Rev. E. P. Jensen,of Spring Grove, Minnesota: Mary, tliewife of Rev. Abel Anderson, ofMontevideo,Minnesota; Clara, the wife of Ur. Albert C.Amundson, of Cambridge, Wisconsin; andTilla Josephine, who lives at home withparents.Before his fourteenth year Prof. Olsonherattendedschool regularly, working on a farmdurintr the harvest season.Duriiic thesunimerof 1873 he worked in the drug store ofMr. Thomas C. Siagg, of Cambridge. Thefollowing fall and winter was spent at thevillage school, and in preparing for his confirmationin the Norwegian Lutheran Church,which took place May 22, 1873.Prof. Olson's father had given him alltiieadvantages that the public and private schoolsof Cambridge offered, but he could not affordto give him a college education, and so theyoung man started out to make iiis own waythrough college, having been encouraged todo so by his brother-in-law. Professor Anderson,who was at that time an instructor inthe University of Wisconsin. I?ut somefuTids were necessary, and so he left homeinAugust, 1873, having obtained a situationin the general store of Isham & Hale, ofStoughton, Wisconsin, where he spent tenmonths, saving about $100 of his earnings.On September 7, 1874, he entered the MadisonHigh School, where he continued untilNoveml)er 8, 1875, when he began teachinga district school near Madison. He spentthe following spring termat the high school,and in the fall term of 187(3 he was admittedto the second year of the preparatory departmentof the (Jniversity of Wisconsin. Fivemonths of this school year were spent teachingin the country, during which time healso kept u|) his university studies. In thefall of 1877 he entered the Freshman class,modern classical course, of thesame institution.i\fter having completed his Freshmanyear he was principal of the school of liisnative village for three years, at the end ofwhich time he returned to the Universityand graduated with honors in 1884.Durinohissenior year, after the resignation of Prof.Rasmus B. Anderson, he taught a class inOld Norse. The same year he studied OldNorse with a native Icelandic scholar.Wliilea student in the high school and in theuniversity. Prof. Olson lived with Prof.Anderson, enjoying the advantages of hisexcellent Scandinavian library and the literaryatmosphere of his home. Here he iiadlearned to love Scandinavian literature, andwhile in college he lost no op|»ortiinity tospeak to his fellow-studentson Scandinaviansubjects. In June, 1884, upon the recommendationof President John Bascom, lie wasappointed instructor in the Scandinavianlanifuages and German. In 1887 he wasniade assistant professor, and in .lune. 1892,the Board of liegents elected him professor

186 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFof Scandinavian languages and literature.For liis profession as a teacher Mr. Olson ispeculiarly well equipped. lie possesses athorough knowledge of his suliject and presentsit to his students with enthusiasm andclearness. His zeal is itispiring and he alsohas the faculty of giving all necessary attentionto details. His own devotion and industrybegets a similar spirit among his students.From the very outset ho took rankas one of the successful teachers in the university.Prof. Olson has also done a great deal ofvaluable literary work, particularly in hischosen field of Scandinavian literature. Besidesa number of valuable original essays,written for the press and for literary societies,he is known throughout the country forhis excellent translation of Lauridsen's Historyof Vitus Bering and his great geographicalexpedition, a book which has alreadytaken rank as the standard work on the discovererof Bering strait.As a speaker and lecturer Prof. Olson isclear, entertaining, instructive and forcible.In his university extension lectures he hasdiscussed early Scandinavian subjects andgiven particular attention to the question ofthe original home of the Aryan race, showingby an array of scientific arguments that itmust be looked for on the shores of thei>altic. rather than in Asia. His lecturesin Milwaukee during the winter of 1891-'92were especially successful. His orations onthe 4th of July and 17th of May arc brilliantand he speaks with equal fluency in Englishand in Norse. As a teacher, writer amie])eaker he has already achieved aof which older men ought to bereputationproud.^ENRY D. HANSON, editor of theOregon Observer, at Oregon, Wisconsin,was born in Dunkirk township,Dane county, Wisconsin, April 18,I8t)2, sonof Henry D. and Sarah (P^illinghani) Hanson,residents of the town of Dunkirk. Oursubject was reared on the farm and receivedhis education in the district schools and MiltonCollege.At the age of twenty-one he leftthe farm and engaged in clerkirj;; in a store inStoughton until March, 188-i, when he cameto Oregon and purchased an interest in theOregon Observer, and learned the businessfrom " devil " to editor. In July, 1885,he became sole proprietor of the paper, sinceconducting it as an independent paper devotedto the interests of Oregon and vicinity. Itis an eight-column folio, and is now in thetwelfth year of its existence. The office iswell equipped with good presses and steampower. He is a member of the M. W. A.and I. O. O. F., being an active member ofeach. In politics he is a Republican, and isactively interested in the welfare of theparty. He has served as clerk of the VillageBoard, and is now Treasurer of that samebody.Our subject comes of a good stock, hisfather being a native of Lincolnshire, England,where he was born, May 21, 1830.Hewas reared a farmer, and remained at liomeuntil he attained his majority, when he startedfor the United States, landing in New Yorkupon the day he was twenty-one.From thatcity he proceeded to Buffalo, New York,where he was joined by his parents, Richardand Sophie Hanson, and the followingbrothers and sisters, eight in numiier: John,who died in Chicago; Phcebe, wife of JohnBarnum, died in New York; William, whoresides inWellington, Ohio; Joseph, who residesin Dane county; Eliza, wife of George

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 187Spike, of Dane county;Richard, who residesat Fort Wayne, Indiana; Edward, who residesin Cliicago, and Elizabetli, who residesin Chicago, having married a Mr. Sanners.Tlie grandfather of our subject died in Buffalo,New York, of cholera. In 1852 thefather of our subject came to Wisconsin,settling in Beloit, where he married MissSarah Fillingham, who was born in Cambridgeshire,England, May 11, 1834. Theyresided near Beloit until about 1856, and thensettled inthe town of Dunkirk, Dane county,where he is still engaged in farming, beingreckoned as one of the old settlers. Theparents of our subject had eight children:Helen, wife of Jewett Sherman, of Lyle,Minnesota; Eliza, married Frank Walker,and died inFulton, Kock county, Wisconsin;Belle, married L. D. Webb, and resides nearStoughton; Sarah, wife of Edward Stanley,of Lyle, Minnesota; Emma, Edward andWilliam. The parents of our subject aremembers of the Methodist Episcopal Church.Mr. Hanson is a live business man, fullyalive to the interests of his town, where heenjoys the respect and esteem of all whoknow him. He is a good editorial writerand local reporter, and his little sheet isnewsy and entertaining, and its circulationis steadily increasing.|||ALPH C. VERNON, of Madison, Wisconsin,was born in Middleton, Danecounty, this State, January 3(.), 1859.His parents were Daniel and Mary Ann(Goodwin) Vernon, natives, respectively, ofLancashire and Derbyshire, England. Thefather died before the subject of this sketchwas twenty years of age, l>nt the devotednlother still resides in Madison where she igan object of tender solicitude by her survivingchildren. This worthy couple were the parentsof fourteen children, ten sons and fourdaughters, two of the former being now deceased.Ralph C. Vernon was the eighth child, andreceived a limited education, he and his brotherJoseph attending school only during eachalternate vvinter. This meager foundationwas supplemented by a term inbusiness collegeat Madison when he was seventeen vearsof age; and further augmented by twoterms in the high school in 1877.Wliile yet under twenty years of age, he engagedin buying live stock, in which businesshe has been more oi" less extensively engagedever since. He was for a long time alone,but inMarch, 1879, he formed a partnershipwith Richard Green, with whom he was successfullyand largely engaged. In 1883 Mr.Vernon formed a partnership with M. F. VanNorman, of Middleton township, with whomhe continued until December, 1886, duringwhich time he probably bought and sold moielive stock than any other person in hisvicinity.It was then that his public career commenced,being appointed Deputy Sheriff byHon. John M. Estes, in 1887, which positionhe lield one term. In 1888 he was electedSheriff by the Republican party, at whichtime he received a majority of 917 votes,that being 500 ahead of his ticket. He dischargedthe duties of this position for oneterm, and since that time has been engagedin the real-estate business; at tirst alone, butin 1891 he formed a partnership with Hon.II. C. Adams, with whom he has since continued.Mr. Vernon was, and still is, a memberof the Drainage Commission, havingcharge of the draining of the lakes aroundMadison. Socially he belongs to tlie An-

188 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFdent Order of United 'Workmen, of the Redmen,the Woodmen, and iswith theFreemasons.actively identifiedHe was married February 5, 1880, toEmma E. Gordon, an estimable lady, bornand reared in Middleton township, Danecounty, this State, and daughter of James O.Gordon, a well-known citizen of Madison.They have one child, Jennie E., aged sevenyears. The devoted wife and mother departedthis life November 16, 1890, leavingan aching void which time can never repair.t,()N. WILLAKD II. CHANDLEK.—The subject of the present sketch isone of the most prominent men in thispart of the State of Wisconsin. He is nowa resident of Burke township, where he hasrepeatedly served his fellow-citizens in officesof responsibility and trust.Mr. Chandler was born in Brattleboro,Vermont, November 1, 1830. His father,Kayn)ond Chandler, was born in New England.(See genealogy of the Chandler family.)The father ofour subject learned the tradeof carpenter, and followed that trade andalso that of cabinet-maker in Brattleboro,where he resided until 1862. At that datelie came to Wisconsin, and died at the homeof our subject. The maiden name of themother ofour subject was Harriet Wellman.She was born in Hinsdale, New Hainjishire,and spent her last years at the home of Mr.Chandler.Our subject was reared and educated inhis native city, where he attended the firstgraded school started in that State. In hisfifteenth year he entered the office of theVermont PIulmux, and learned the art preeervative,where he served anapprentice.siiipfor four years. He filled every position inthat office from printer's -'devil " to editor,and remained there, with the exception of ashort interval when he was in ill health,until 1854, when he came to Wisconsin. Hestopped near Delavan for the space of oneyear, then came to Dane county, and ])urchaseda tract of wild land in the town ofWindsor, and at once began the task of improvingthe farm. xVt this place he resideduntil1868, when he sold out and removed toSun I'rairie, and resided there until 1880,when he removed to the farm where he nowresides, inBurke township.The marriage of our subject took placeFebruary 14, 1854, to Miss Lucinda J. Wellman.She was born in Hinsdale, NewHampshire, and was the daughter of Harryand Betsey Wellman, and they have onedaughter, Frances A., who is the wife ofGeorge E. Thomjison.Mr. Chandler has filled with honor, manyoffices of trust; has sei'ved as Supervisor andTown Superintendent of Schools, and heserved five years as County Superintendentof Schools. For twenty-two years he was amember of the Board of Regents of thenormal school. In 1860 he was elected amember of the Assembly, re-elected in 1861,elected to the Senate in 1862-'64, re-elected totiie Senate for 1865-'66, and was Presidentpro ten) of that body for the last two yearsmentioned; ami to the Assembly again in1870. As a member of the House he votedfor two United States Senators, Howe andDoolittle.the office of AssistantFor nine years, 1882-'91, he heldState Superintendent,and in 1892 was the candidate of his partytor State Superintendent, but was defeatedwith the general ticket.He is a man of real force of character, andhas the confidence of the entire people.

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. IHOBoth he and his wife are consistent membersof tlie Congregational Chnrch, liighly et;-teemed by thecommunity.Mr. Chandler has not yet finished his publiccareer. The people of his section cannotafford to part with such a useful and ablerepresentative.ALLE STEENSLAND is one of theforemost representatives in this countryof the Norse citizens who ha\'eplayed such a conspicuous part in theupbuilding of the noble commonwealth ofWisconsin. He has been for many years one ofthe leading business men of the capital city,and has contributed largely to its materialprosperity by his energy and financialMr. Steensland was born June 4,ability.1832, hisbirthplace being Sandeid, near Stavanger,Norway. His father, Halle H. Steensland,was a farmer, and served as a non-commissionedofficer in the regular army of thatcountry for more than a quarter of a century.He died in the land of his nativity, when pastsixty years of age. His mother's name wasIngeborg Knudsdatter, who came ofa longlivedfamily, one of her sisters is now (1892)living at the age of ninety-nine years. Shecame to this country after her husband'sdeath, together with lier two other andyounger sons, Knud and Thor, and had herhome most of the time with her son Halle,until her death some twenty years ago.The means of his parents being quitelimited,Mr. Steensland left the parental roofwhen about twelve years of age to shift forhimself, and earned his living at first by farmwork, but being averse to that kind of occupationand tiiere being but little promise ofbetterment, he obtained a situation as clerkfor a tnerchant in Stavanger. Ambitious^however, to make something of his life, hewisely thought that the great Republic acrossthe sea, whose waves beat against the shoresof his native land, offered him a widerfield of action than his own country, and hedetermined to brave the unknown trials andhardships of emigration that he might findfor himself a home in the United States ofAmerica. Accordingly in 1854, when a littlepast his majority, he set sail for the landof promise, and arrived in Chicago withlessthan ten dollars in his pocket, the remainderof a gift from his last employer in Norway.He came to Wisconsin in the fall of 1854and has been a resident of Madison sincethespring of 1855. After clerking in a storefor some years he, with a partner, engaged inbusiness for himself. After five years hebecame sole owner and continued in mercantilebusiness until 1871, when he waginduced to enter upon a new enterprise, theorganization of the Hekla Fire Insurance Co.He was elected its first secretary and actedin that capacity for over ten years. He wasalso treasurer of the concern during thewhole period of over eighteen years that hewas connected with it, and was its presidentfor the last few years. The company wasstarted with a nominal paid-up capital of$25,000, and its affairs were so well managedby Mr. Steensland, and his fellow-officerstliEit in 1889 the con^pany's assests amountedto nearly half a million dollars, but on accountof sijme differences of opinion, as to itsfuture management, it was transferred toother parties at a good jireniium.Immediately after this transfer of the"Hekla," Mr. Steensland organized the SavingsLoan and Trust Company of Mailison,with a paid-up capital of $100,000, and inless than three years the assests have increased

1!)0 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFto over $375,000. Mr. Steensland is presidentand treasurer, liissecretary, and X. 13.son, E. B. Steensland,Van Slyke, pre.sident oftiie First National Bank, is the company'svice-president.Mr. Steensland brought to his new ])Ositiona splendid ei^uipnient as a trained businessman of clear brain and keen foresight,of wide experience in finances and of markedexecutive ability, and under his guiding handtlie company is doing a large and constantlyincreasing business, and occupies a high i)lacein monetary circles, its reputation for stabilityand sound conservative businessmethods making it a potent factor in developingthe interests of the city andStateMr. Steensland was married in Madisonto Miss Soj)hia Halvorsdater in 1857, andtheirs is one of the attractive homes of thecity, wherein are found true comfort anda gracious, never-failing hospitality. Mrs.Steensland was born in tlie central part ofNorway anut has built up for liimself a reputationas a business man second to none.As a busine.-s man his brusqueness maywhosometimes be misunderstood, but thoseknow him best and gain his confidence findin him a true friend and valuable coimselor.

DA^E COLTNTT, WISCONSIN. 191!REDERIC KING CONOVER, son0. M. Conover and Julia (Darst) Conover,was born in Madison, Wisconsin,Feliruary 17, 1857. The fatlier was a professorin the university at tliat time, and aswas then the custom, lived with his family inthat one of the university buildings whichis now known as South Hall, so that the sonhad the advantage ofofentering the world anduniversity at tlie same time. After receivinghis preliminary training in both the publicand private schools of the city, he again enteredthe university and was graduated inthe class of 1878, with the degree of A. B.He won at that time the Lewis prize for thebest commencement oration. He was ofJ'eredthe position of instructor in Latin in theuniversity, but declined it liecause he wishedto begin at once his professional studies. Heentered the law ofHce of Judge J. H. Carpenter,in Madison, and was employed upon thework of the publication of the Revised Statutesof 1878. In the autumn of that yearhe entered the law department of the university,from wliich he was gi'aduated in 1880with the degree of LL.B. He had previously,in November, 1879, been admitted to the bar,upon examination. From 1880 to 1884 Mr.Conover jiracticeil law in Madison. Duringthe absence of his father, in Europe, beginningin September, 1882, and untilthe deathof the latter in London, in 1884, he performedthe duties ofSupreme Court Reporter, editingvolumes 55 to 58, inclusive, of the WisconsinReports.In April, 1884, he was appointed SupremeCourt Reporter, and has held that officeeversince. Since his appointment volumes 59to 82, inclusive, have appeared, and it issaid by competent judges, that in completeness,accuracy and promptness of issue,the Wisconsin Reports are unexcelled.Since 1885Mr. Conover has been one of tliedirectors of the Madison free library, whichcontains 13,000 volumes and has an annualcirculation of about 40,000. He is a lifemeinl>erof the StateHistorical Society; wasone of the incorporators, and afterward, atdifferent times secretary and vice-presidentof the Madison Club, now called the MadisonBusiness Club; has been treasurer of theMadison Civil Service Reform Associationsince its organization in 1882, and is a memberofthe Madison Literary Club, which hasmonthly meetings, and also of other localorganizations. He is Counselor of theAmerican Institute ofof the Holland Society ofCivics, and a memberNew York, whichis composed of direct descendants in the nialeline of Dutchmen, who were natives or residentsof the American colonies, prior to theyear 1675.Mr. Conover was married, in June 1891,to Miss C race Clark, daughter of Darwin andFrances (Adams) Clark.Mrs. Coiiover graduatedfrom the university in 1885, and from1885 to 1888, and again from 1890 to 1891,after a year of study inthe College de France,Faris, was Instructoress of French in theuniversity. Mr. and Mrs. Conover have oneson, Frederic Lo Roy, born in July, 1892.f(3HN^^LAPPLEY, one of the leadingfarmers of Dane county, Wisconsin, wasborn in Germany in1825, a son of Lawrenceand Ileinreika (Shrade) Lappley, nativesalso of that country. The father followedthe shoemakers' trade all his life inGermany, where he died A])ril 22, 188S, atthe age of eighty-eight years. The motheralso died there in her seventy-fourth year.They were the parents of fourteen children,

192 BWGRAPniCAL REVIEW OFfour of whom grew to years of maturity, oneson and three daughters.The paternal grandfatherof our subject,Melchior Lappley. wasalso a native of Germany, a baker by trade,was twice married and the father of sevensons and five daughters. He lived to the ageof eighty years, and at his death left a fineestate.John J^appley, the subject of this sketch,received a eood education in his native country.From the age of twenty-one to twentysevenyears he was in the employ of the Germanservice, receiving three cents per day, andthree centsfor rations. During this six years hewas three years at home, witiiout pay, andthis was compulsory by the German law. Inthe spring of 1852, at the age of twenty-sevenyears, he sailed from flavre, France, on theSt. Georire, landinsj in New York after avoyage of thirty-four days, and with eightFrench dollars. He soon found eni])loynientat his trade, for $4 per month, but failed toreceive his wages, and afterward beganworkat $9 per month. After spending one yearin New York, Mr. Lappley worked in thelumber regions ofTioga county, Pennsylvania,three months; was employed in the pineriesfourteen months, at $16 per month, andthen worked at his trade in New York cityfor A 12 per month. He was a tine workman,and could make one pair of boots a day, oftenworking sixteen hours per day. In April,1855, he came to Wisconsin, where he wasemployed in the construction of a railroad inMadison a sliort time, farmed on the Indianreservation in Roxbury township ten years,erected a log house,which was ilestroyed byfire one mdiitli afterward, with all their householdeffects, and no insurance. He thenerected anotlierdwelling, and purchased eightyacres of land, fifty acres of which was cultivated..Mr. l.appley then had $200 in moneyand his stock, and out of this he was obligedto pay §100 court expenses, which was a rolibingscheme. He next rented sixty acres ofland in Berry township, one year, then purchased100 acres, for which he paid $1,500,a few years later added twenty acres more,paying §190 for the latter, and still laterbought forty acres more for $450, makinghim 160 acres of land. In 1881 he sold thatplace and purchased his present home of 340acres, paying $3,500.In 1885 he erected hisline large barn, 40x62 feet, with twentyfourfoot posts, and a basement of solid stonemasonry, where he can stable forty head ofcattle and fourteen horses. This buildingwas erected at a cost of $1,200, and inwhichcan be stored more than 150 tons of hay.Mr. Lappley is engaged in general farmingand stock-growing. He keeps from twentyto forty head of horned cattle, about twelvehorses, and a small flock ofsheep, and raisesabout forty hogs.He was married in New York city, .lune15, 1854, to Miss Anna M. S. Schmidt, whocame from Germany, her native land, toAmerica the same year. They have ten livingchildren, as follows: Louisa, wife ofGeorge W. Hall, a miiierof California; John,a mechanic of ^liddleton, Wisconsin;Henry,a jeweler and watchmaker of Mazomanie;aviary, wife of James H. Froggart, a farmerof this township, and they have one daughter;William, at home; Charles, a eontra(!ti>rand builder ot South Milwaukee; Christian,aged twenty-five years, works on the homefarm; Caroline, at home; Frederick at home;and Alice, who resides with her sister, Mrs.Froggart. One daughter, Annie, died May26, 1873, at the age of eight montiis. .Mr.Laj)pley is a Republican in his politicalviews, and religiously the family are membersof the Lutheran Church.

DANE CUUNTT, W1.SGVNS1N. 193ir^f-C. LUTHER.—During the past twentysixyears our subject has been in the^® employ of the Chicago & NorthwesternRailroad, and for twenty-two years of thattime has tilledthat most responsible and toolittle appreciated position of engineer of passengertrains. In this period he has liornetens and tens of thousands of people in safetyon their journeys to and fro; scarcely onethinking of him or knowing his name, yetupon him has been the burden of them all.Those who do know him feel secure when onhis train, knowing how skilled, careful andconscientious he is. Yet he has had somenarrow escapes since the beginning of hisservice as fireman, that being his first positionwith the company, two of which are memorable,namely: that of July 30, 1878, and theone of May 8, 1883, being a serious collisionnear Wales, and the former between Oregon,Wisconsin, and Brooklyn, Wisconsin.Thesewere among the most serious accidents of thesystem; yet in neither of these was Mr. Luthercensured, nor has he ever been reprimandedfor any cause by the company. Onthe contrary, he enjoys their fullest confidenceand is generally selected to draw prominentotiicials and distinguished men over the road,among those who have been under his carebeing ex- President Hayes, President Clevelandand many others, including the lateCommodore Vanderbilt, who oncepresentedhim with a ^'10 bill as a testimonial to hisskill, accompanied witli words of confidence.The esteem and confidence of the company isshown in the manner named. He is an iionoredmember of the Brotherhood of RailroadEngineers, Division No. 176, of Baraboo,Wisconsin, and has served upon a number ofitsimportant committees.Mr. Luther was born in Franklin county,New York, June 30, 1843, grew up there.where he received a common school education,and from which he enlisted in 18G2,when but eighteen years old; l)ut his latherrefused to assent, and he was compelled towait until August 27, 1863, when he joinedCompany I, Sixteenth New York VolunteerInfantry, Colonel Seaver commanding, thereginiLMit forming part of the Army of thePotomac; remained with it until the expirationof the two years' term of enlistment ofthe regiment; then later, Mr. Luther withmany others, was transferred to Company I,Twenty-first New York Volunteer Infantry,Captain Kidder incomntand of the company.Mr. Luther remained with this company andregiment untilthe close of the war, when hewas honorably discharged. He took part inthe battle of Gettysburg, as a detached memberofthe regiment, and also participated inthe terrible battle of the Wilderness and inthe many conflicts around Petersburg, yet hewas never taken prisoner and was woundedbut once, and then but slightly. Our subjectmeets his old comrades frequently and revivesthose days of peril, in the Grand Armymeetings, he being a member of CadwalladerC. Washburn Post, No. 11. He is a memberof the lodge of Master Masons and ofthe chapter of Royal Arch Masons, both atMadison.Our subject was married at Kenosha, Wisconsin,to Miss Jessie Nelson, a native ofPhiladelphia, who came to that place whenquite young with her parents;was educatedat Kenosha, and afterward was a teacher inits public schools for eight years. She is ofScotch parentage, being the daughter ofThomas and Rosaline (Cook) Nelson, whowere married in Scotland, and after theiremigration to this country, Mr. Nelsonworked at his trade of designer and engraverfor calico prints at Philadelphia. Mr. Nel-

194 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OF8011 came West with his family in 1856, settlinu;at the work of gold and silver engravingat Kenosiia; also, being a skilled machinist,did clock and watch work. He was a justand upright man, being a devout member ofthe Presbyterian Church, and lived at peacewith the whole world, respected by all whoknew him. Death came to him at Racine,at the home of his daughter, Mrs. MargaretRalyea, November 21, 1882, at the age ofeighty-two, he having been born in 1800.His wife died at Kenosha, March 17, 1878,at the age of seventy-five. She was a mostestimable Christian woman, descended fromHer brother, Georgeworthy Scottish stock.Cook was for many years a leading merchantof Glasgow, and her father, Captain RobertCook, was the captain of a merchant vessel.During the war between France and GreatBritain he was captured on the high seas andheld a prisoner of war in France for manyyears;but was finally restored to his family,who supposed him dead. Mrs. Luther, thewife of our subject, is one of ten children,eight of whom are living and all of themmarried.The parents of our subject were Charles S.and Betsy J. (Ellis) Luther, both born in1811, natives of North Adams, Franklincounty, New York; were married there, spenttheir days and finally died there, the fatherMay 28, 1886, and the mother December 4,1884. Charles S. Luther was a man of sterlingcharacter, well-read and well-informed,who had many warm friends, including anumber of distinguished men, among whomwas the late Vice-Fresident William A.Wheeler, a close and intimate friend. Hewas a devoted Christian, liberal towardothers, considerate and unselfish. The BaptistChurch best reflected his views, and helived and died in that faith. His wife, themother of our subject, was a member of theMethodist Church, whose gentle nature unselfishlyand uncomplainingly took on thepain of lingering consumption;no words ofcomplaint or repining fell from her lips in allthe long days of her illness; and from her bedof sickness was the light of a redeemed saint,whose rays still point others to the lovingChrist.Mr. and Mrs. Luther have no children; butthey have adopted Florence E. Wellaud, abright, sweet miss of fourteen, now attendingschool.They are consistent members of theCongregational Church, and prominent in thesocial life of that church as well, as in Madisongenerally.->^v^->>i^^i:^:7^^r'f ILLIAMWALLACE CROCKER1 of section 30, Montrose townshipfamilies who settled in'~^S'^~~*- is a member of one of the pioneerDane county, December1(5,1842, at which date the family settledon a claim of 820 acres of land in section 30.Josiah Crocker was born in liarnstable, Massachusettsand married Sarah Toby who wasalso i)orn in Barnstable, of English ancestry.The Crocker famil}- originated in Americafrom three brothers, who came from Englandin 1630 and settled in Massachusetts andthe descendants still live at Barnstable. Thegrandfather of our subject was a farmer andalso a shoemoker by trade. He w*8 an industriousman and he worked on the farm byday and at his trade at night. He cleared upa large farm. He removed to Pawlet, Vermont,in 1789 and while passing through NewYork city witnessed the inauguration of Washington.The family settled at Fawlet in Rutlandcounty, Vermont, and there the grandfatherpassed his remaining years.Five of his

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 195children crrew to maturity: Jjenjainiii, thefathei'of our .subject; James liecame a lawyerin Buffalo, New York, where he died, atrustee of the city; Ezra moved to Ohio atan early day and the family lost sight of him ;Sarah married Robert Wilson and settled atNew Ripon, in Wisconsin; and Thomas is aresident at the old home in Vermont.The father of our subject, Benjamin Crocker,was born in Pawlet, Vermont, July 5,1789, was reared on the farm and like hisfather learned the trade of shoemaker, lie wasfirst married in Rutland county and afterthe death of his tirst wife be removed to Salem,Washington county. New York, whereMay 12, 1819, he married Rebecca Estee, adaughter of Stephen and Altigail Estee. Shewas of English descent, her progenitor, AsaEstee, coming to America in the Mayflower.The parents of our subject resided at Salem,New York, until 1842, then started to find ahome in the far West. The journey was madeover the Erie canal to Buffalo, thence by thegreat steamer, the Great Western, to Milwaukee,which steamer on its return trip wasburned on Lake Erie. The family hired teamsto bring them to Dane county, where theytook up a claim. They lived in Greencounty, until a log cabin could be built ontheir claim, where they lived and the parentsdied, the father January 30, 1848, and themother October 30, 1845. They had had afamily of live children, three of whom grewto maturity: these were: Russell, bornOctober 3, 1820, married Jane Lister andresided in Montrose township after 1842, hisdeath takingplace at Alexandria, Minnesota,June 28, 1892, while visiting a daughter;HoUis was the next and our snl)ject thethird.The latter was born in Salem, Washingtoncounty. New I'ork, June 6, 1831. lie wasonly eleven years of age when the familycaine to Wisconsin. On account of theaccumulation of farm work at this time hehad only tifteen days of schooling aftercoming to this State.After the death of hisfather he engaged to work as a farm hand,receiving from six to eleven dollars permonth, excepting the two months of harvestinone year, when he received thirteen dollars.He was married, July 20, 1854, to MissMary Ann Sharman, daughter of Richardand Ann (Limb) Sharman. She was born inDerbyshire, England, October 26, 1884. Thefamily came to the United States in 1849,settling in the town of Albion, Dane county.The Sharman family lived on an estate inEngland, which had been in the family for431 years. They settled on a farm in Danecounty and there the parents of Mrs. Sharmanpassed their declining years, the father,who was born April 2, 1808, died December13, 1867) his death resulting from an accidentfrom a runaway team. The mother was bornNovember 28, 1812, and died May 7, 1857.They had a family of five children, thesebeing as follows:inWilliam, a farmer who diedCrawford county, near Seneca; Mary Ann,wife of subject; Amy, married James Jallingsand resides in Fillmore county, Minnesota;Isaac, resides in Montrose township; andEliza,married William W. Morse and residesin Gage county, Nebraska. After marriageour subject settled on the farm, wliere he nowresides, having previously purchased eightyacres and built a home on the same. He hasmade many im])rovements on the farm, wherehe now owns 150 acres. Li all these yearstlie country has changed very much and itseems dilBcult to believe that at the time ofthe settlement of the family here our subject'sbrother, Ilollis, had to drive 117 miles in(irder to obtain flour for family use.Mr. and

'school-196 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFMrs. Crocker have liad nine children, asfollows: Amy, born November 28, 1856,died January 26, 1856; Eliza, born December6, 1856, married Andrew Elder andresides in Montrose township; Isaac, bornSeptember 19, 1858, died Jnne 0, 1875;Abraham, born July 16, 1860, died July 3,186d; Abraham, the second, born August 17,1863, resides at homo; Richard, born July29, 1865, died May 28, 1875; Wallace, bornMay 5, 1868; Benjamin, born April 3, 1870,died July 5, 1872 and Minnie, born October26, 1873. Mr. and Mrs Crocker and theirchildren are prominent member of the MethodistEpiscopal Church. In politics he is aProhibitionist although formerly he was aRepublican, but since 1884, he has beenidentified with the former party. He is astockholder in the Montrose cheese factoryNo. 1, which was the first factory of its kindin the township. Mr. Crocker has interestedhimself ineverything that has tended towardthe improvement and growth of his sectionof country and is a man much esteemed by all.ilLLIAM J. SMITH, one of the leadingcitizens of Westport township,[*-^?T5 was born in Canada in 1832. Hisfather was Hugh iSmith, of Onondaga county.New York, a mechanic, carpenter and joinerby trade, which he followed to the age ofthirty-two years. He married MargaretJohnson, of the same county, and theymoved to Smith Falls, Canada, on the liideaucanal, about thirty-two miles west from Ottawa.At this place he bought a farm, andlived and died there. He was the father ofeight children, four sons and four daughters,of whom two daughters, Mary and Nancy,and one son, James, are now dead. .Fames,the third child, died at the age of twentyfouryears, and Mary, the second child, attheage of twelve. Nancy, the fifth child, diedat the age of twenty-seven. Our subject isthe fourth child and third son of his parents.The mother died in 1872, at the age of sixtyseven,and the father survived her someeight years, and died in his eighty-seventhyear, and he was strong, both mentally andphysically, up to near his end.Our subject was reared on a farm and tofarm labor, and received a good commoneducation for ihose times. lie lefthis home at the age of twenty-one yetjrs,andwent to Baldwinsville, Onondaga county.New York, where he remained for threeyears. He worked on a farm for two years,by the month, at from §14 to 818 per month,and at the carpenters' trade for §14 a month.In the spring of 1857 he came to Uurand,Winnebago county, Illinois, and there workedat his trade, and at this place he met his fatein the person of Miss Louisa Huff, to whomhe was joined in wedlock. She was thedauifhtcr of James R. Huff and his wife,Lydia Austin, both of whom were natives ofLyons, Wayne county. New York. Theywere early settlers of Rierpont, Ashtabulacounty, Ohio, where Mrs. Smith was born in1840. She has two brothers and six sisters.The brothers were named Moses A. and Lysander(i. Huff, and the former was a residentofLyons, where he was Postmaster anda well-known and liberal man. The latter isa resident of Union county, Ohio, and servedthree years in the late Union army and wasseverely wounded at Gettysburg. The motherof this family of nine children died in Ohio,at the age of thirty-seven, but the fatherlived to a ripe old age, dying at the age ofseventy-four years, in 1875.Mr. and Mrs. Smith came from Durango,

DANE C0UNT7, WISGONSli',. 197Illinois, in 1859, and in the spring to Wisconsin,to the hospital there, whicli was incourse of construction, and he worked uponthis grand structure some thirty-two years,until September, 1891. They lived in ahouse near the Mendota depot.farm of 130 acres, four miles north ofThey have aMadison,which they bought in 1880. They havenever lived upon the place, but have rentedit. Mr. Smith has been the Postmaster ofMendota for seventeen years, receiving hisfirst commission from President Grant, July20, 1875. He has been Notary Public forsi.xteenyears.Mr. and Mrs. Smith buried one little son,John Moffatt Smith, at the age of sixteenmonths, and they have live children: JeromeW. Smith; Emma M., who became the wifeof Oliver Hale, of Oraig, Nebraska; JamesR. ; Clara L., married Joseph Speckner, andnow resides at Brooklyn, Wisconsin, whohave one daughter, Muriel E. ; and Isabel, ayoung lady, at home. Jerome W. marriedAmanda Gran, and they reside at St. Paul,Minnesota. He is the traveling auditor ofthe Great Northern Railroad, a positionwhich he has held for the past three years onthis road, and for three years prior on theOmaha Railroad. He has one son, RaymondR. The other son holds a like positionwith the same railroad. The latter marriedRasha Walters, of Eyota, Minnesota, andthey live at Sioux Falls, South Dakota.Mr.and Mrs. Smith have given their childrengood educational advantages at Madison.Their daughter Em ma. now Mrs. Hale, has beena teacher for the past twelve years, and is nowprincipal of a graded school at Craig, Nebraska,at a salary of |60 per month.Isabelis a young lady, who has developed musicaltaste and talent, and has a class in music.For twenty years Mr. Smith has been aKnight Templar and a loyal Republican.They belong to no church, i)nt their leaningis toward the Methodist Episcopal denomination.HAIR G. LAMONT, a resident farmerof Vienna township for twenty-threeyears, is a resident of section 7. Hewas born in Schoharie county. New York,in 1827, and his father was Benjamin Lament,born in the same county in 1797, andin turn his father was William Lamont ofthe same section. He was a life- long farmer,who died in Chautauqua county, New York,an octogenarian, and has been the father ofsome ten children, two daughters and eightsons, all of whom came to mature years andbecame heads of families.Benjamin Lamont married Sallie Howe, ofNew York, whose father had died before shewas born, and she had one brother who diedyoung. Our subject is the sixth child ofeleven children, and the fourth son. Theparents were farmers, and l)rought their childrenup to hal)its of industry and economy.The fatlier died in Livingston county, NewYork, September, 1847, inthe prime of life,leaving his widow and this large family withno property.Our subject was married in Livingstoncounty at the age of twenty-nine years toMiss Julia Ann Cook, of that county. Theycame west in September, 1865, coming toDane county where they remained one year,and then went to I^odifor one year, at whichtime they settled upon their place of nearly300 acres for which he paid $40 per acre,paying one-half down, and iiad time on thebalance. After fourteen years he sold thisand bought 140 acres, his present farm for

198 BIOORAPHIOAL REVIEW OF$30 per acre. Tliis farm had been clearedand tilled, but was in very poor repair, having;neither biiildiiiijs nor fences. He soonbuilt and settled upon it, and now lias a linewell-tilled farm, being a neat agriculturalist,growing the ordinary crops of this section,e.xcept tobacco, although he lias the best ofland for this crop. Our subject has fortyacres of timlier, 100 acres of land under theplow.Mr. Lamont has taken a prominent positioninthe township, having served as Supervisorfor two terms. In his politics he is aDemocrat.Mr.Laniont buried his first wife in March,186f), at the age of twenty-tive years. Sheleft him two sons and one daughter as follows:Byron, a resident of Aberdeen, Dakota,where he is a lawyer, has a wife and son;AVilliam is a farmer upon a place adjoininghis father; Liiella, is the wife of (ieorgeAyer, ofand one liaughter.Verona, Wisconsin, and has one sonMr. Lamont was marrieda second time, his choice being Miss Susie,the daughter of Silas and Adeline (Boynton)Bunker, of the State of Maine, who settledin Lodi, Wisconsin, in 1850. By this niarriasetwo children have been born: lluch T.now in his twenty-second year, a schoolteacher, and Lillian, a young lady of nineteenyears, bright and pleasing. All of thechiMren of our subject have received goodeducations, and all have proven good teachers,and are highly esteemed.Mr. Lamont has taken a great interest inschool matters, having been a member of theSchool Board for twenty-two years, and toliis duties on the Board, he has given muchattention, so that the school of his districthas the reputation of being one of the bestin the State. The mother of Mr. Lamont isresiding in Lodi with her son Alfred. She isninety-one years of age and is still active forone of her years, and has her mental faculties.She was married at the age of fourteenyears, bore eleven children, toiled liardall of her life, and still lives to see her great,great-grandchildren beloved and cared for byall. Of her children there are six still living:Louisa is the wife of John Wilkins, ofLodi, Wisconsin; Albert, resides in Lodi,where he is a retired farmer; our subject;Benjamin, resides at Ogden, Utah, where heis a farmer; Harriet is Mrs. Linford Narregang,ofSouth Dakota.Mrs. Lamont lost her father when she wasbut three years old, in 1852, at the age oftwenty-eight years, leaving two children anda comfortable home. His wife married againand is still living at Lodi, Mrs. Adaline Dowden,the widow of T. J. Dowden, who died inthe civilfOllNwar.C. LCJl'LU, a farmer of Danecounty, Wisconsin, was born in Mecklenburg,Germany, in 1840, a son of FredLoper, a native of the same place, and a weaverby trade. He came with his wife and threesons to America in 1852, and, on account ofa severe storm, was shxtydays on the ocean,having been in great danger of being lost.They located in Rochester, New York, wherethe father found employment at $13 permonth during the summer months, and engagedin cutting cord wood for thirt^'-sixcents per cord during the winters. In 1855the family came to Dane county, Wisconsin,and their cash capital then consisted of $10.ilr. Loper worked by the day for the firstyear, and then bought sixty-eight acres ofwild land, for which he paid SllO, havingborrowed the money.Their dug-out, covered

;DANE COUNTY, WISGOl^SIN 199with king grass from themarsh, was burnedone year later, with no insurance, and in whichthey lost good clotliing brought from Germany.In the winter of 1857, with the assistanceof his neighbors, Mr. Loper erected alog cabin, 14 x 18 feet. John C, our subject,was then eleven years of age, and wasworking at farm labor for $3 per month, andhis father was receiving fifty cents per day.The latter added to his original purchaseuntil at the time of his death, which occurredin 1862, at the age of sixty-tive years, heowned 160 acres. lie left four sons and fourdaughters, seven of whom still survive:Charles, our subject; Fred, a farmer ofLodi;William, a farmer of West Point; Carrie,wife of Frank Thompson, a farmer of Roxburytownship, Dane county; Louise, wife ofFred Lorch, a cigar manufacturer of Madison;August, a farmer on the old homestead inRoxbury township, who is also ruiming a largecreamery; and Minnie, wife of HamiltonPadley, a farmer of West Point; Amelia,deceased, was formerly the wife of HamiltonPadley, and they had one son and a daugliter.John C. Loper received but few educationaladvantages, and at tlie age of fifteen yearsenlisted in the Second Wisconsin Infantry.He received a gunshot wound in the arm atGainesville, in August, 1862, which cutthe nerve passing through the arm, fromwhich he was disabled about nine months.He was also again accidentally wounded inthe left hand. After marriage Mr. Loperpurchased eighty acres of land from his fatherin Roxbury township, where they remainedten years, and during this time he erected agood log house and cleared about fifty-sixacres. He sold this land to his mother for$1,200, then bought 106 acres of his presentfarm, and four years afterward 120 acresmore, making his presentfarm of 226 acres.and for which he paid .$6,000. lie has 173acres of his place under a fine state of cultivation,is engaged in general farming and stockraising,and makes a specialty in the raisingof hogs, of which he keeps from forty to sixtyhead.Mr. Loper has always taken an activeinterest in the growth of his county, and hasserved as school clerk.He was married at the age of twenty-fouryears, to Catherine Loetfler, a daughter ofHenry and Catherine (Lumbartey) LoetHer,tiie former a native of Heilbronn, (Tcrmany,and the latter of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania.The father was a weaver of laces in Germany,and came with his brother to this countrywhen a young man, with no capital. Mr.and Mrs. Loetfler came to AVisconsin in a veryearly day, where they v;ere afterward married.The father is still living in this State, in hiseightieth year, and the mother died in Waukesha,Wisconsin, September 24, 1848, in theprime of life. She left seven children : Charles,a farmer of Montana; Henry, an engineer ofNevada; Harriet, deceased ;Louisa, deceased;Catherine, wife of our subject; Mary, deceasedand Clara, deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Loperhave buried one son, Irvin H., aged five years.They have seven living children, namely:Orren E., aged twenty years; Abbey, whowas educated at the State Normal, will soonteach the district school near her home; ErnestR., aged seventeen, is engaged in farming onthe home place; Viola, aged fifteen years;Earl, twelve years; Walter, six years; andAmy, two years. Mr. Loper is a Republicanin his political views; and religiously thefamily are members of the Methodist Church.

300 BIorrfiAI'iriCAL REVIEW OFtTTO C. H. AND CARL L.of the firm of Sclieler JJrothers,SCHELERdealersand packers of all kinds of fresh andsalt meats, are located at No. 24 Jenisen street,the place inwhich they began business, January 1, 1891, and have developed a goodtrade. They both grew up to the businessin their father's market, located at No. 621,University avenue, where he still carries onthe business that was established by him morethan twenty-five years ago.The two brothers of this notice were bornin Madison, and here reared and educated.Otto C. 11. was born August 6, 1868, andCarl L., was born January 30, 1871. Theyare practical workmen, and after doing businesswith their father until January 1, 1891,they succeeded the business of J. L. Miller,now deceased. The parents of these brotherswere old inhabitants of Madison, havinglived here for many years. The father, Henry,was born in the province of Saxony, Germany,and came to the United States when a youn;^man.After spending some years in differentplaces he made his way toMadison, andestablished himself as a meat dealer inthis city. He has been very successful inall his enterprises, and is yet carrying on anactive business. He is now about iifty- sevenyears of age, and has always been an upright,enterprising citizen ail his life. Mr. Schelercame of good old German stock, and all hislife has adhered to the German MethodistChurch. lie has been twice n)arried. thefirst time to Miss Sofia Schmidt, born inGermany, and came to the United States, locatingin Wisconsin when a young woman.She died at her home when in middle life,leaving four sons and a daughter, namely:Otto C. H., of this notice; Carl L., of thisnotice; George F., now attending the publicschool; Rose E., at home, after havinglearned the trade of seamstress; and AmeadA., at home, attending private school. Mr.Scheler was married a second time, to Mrs.Rolof}', nee Schmideman.She also was bornin Germany, but her first marriage occurredin this country. Uer first husband is nowdeceased.has no issue.By this last marriage Mr. SchelerThe two brothers of this notice are stillsingle young men, and areamong the enterprisingmerchants of the city.Their pleasant,genial manners have made them manyfriends. They are connected in a social waywith the local orders of the German faith.Both the boys and their father are Democratsin their political opinions.J.ARK B. WlLLSEY,of Windsor, Danecounty, Wisconsin, was born in Royaltontownship, Niagara county. NewYork, October 16, 1828, a son of Jacob Willsey,a native of Cattaraugus county, that State.He was there married to Martha Crandall,also a native of New York, and in 1833,with their eleven children, they moved toDe.xter, Washtenaw county, Michigan, purchased160 acres of Government land, anderected a log cabin as a temporary dwelling.They went by canal and the lakes to Detroit,Michigan, and then by teams to Dexter, adistance of fifty-five miles. The father addedto his original purchase until at the time ofdeath he owned 220 acres, with good framebuildings, and other improvements. Therethe parents spent the remainder of their days,the mother dvingr first, at about the age ofsixty years, leaving nine children.Clark B. Willsey was reared to farm life,and received but few educational advantages.At the age of seventeen years he left iiome

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 201for Indiana, where he worked in a sawmillone year, for $20 per moiitli. In tlie fall of1846, and in company witli his employer, hecame with teams toBaraboo, Wisconsin, andwas engrag'ed at work in a sawmill the firstwinter. After serving as an apprentice atthe blacksmiths'' trade in that city threeyears, he opened a shc>p of his own. In December,1861, Mr. Willsey left the shop andanvil for the battle-field, joining the TliirdWisconsin Cavalry, Company F, under CaptainD. S. Vittnm, was first sent to St. Louis,and then to Kansas, wliere he was underGeneral Blount. In the spring of 18G2, hewas appointed Second Lieutenant of hiscompany, and the following fall was promotedto First Lieutenant.After two yearsand nine months of service he was taken sickwith camp dysentery, and returned home.On account of exposure in the army, Mr.Willsey has suffered with rheumatism formore than twenty years. After the close ofthe strucrgle in 1869, he again opened hisshop in Baraboo, where he remained untilthe spring of 186'J.a shop atIn that year he openedHudson, Dane county, Wisconsin,two years later opened the first blacksmithshop in Windsor, also purchased a lot onwhich he erected liis comfortable home, andin 1884 rented his shop and retired frombusiness, his health having become impaired.In 1884, by Grover Cleveland, he was appointedPostmaster ofWindsor, which positionhe still fills. Ml-. Willsey's first presidentialvote was cast for S. A. Douglas, thenext for Lincoln, and sincethat time has alwaysvoted the Republican ticket.He was married in June, 1851, to II. J.Haines, a native of New York, ami who hadalso lived in Michigan, l)ut they met for thefirst time in Baraboo, Wisconsin, where theywere married. They buried two sons in infancy,and also William, who was killed inthe pinery of Chippewa, by a falling tree,lie left a widow and two children.Mrs. Willsey have five living children:Mr. andDaniel,Jolui, Clara, Blanche, and Clark. Allare at home except Blanche, the wife of BentonF. Woodford, a merchant of Morrisonville,and they have one son and a daughter.Clara is the widow of Verdine Dorinan, andis engaged in teaching in this county. Shewas educated at the State Normal and highschool of Madison, and lias one son. Mr.Willsey is a member of no cluirch or organization.fll() MAS G. TAYLOR, a fanner ofDane county, Wisconsin, was burn inChautauqua county. New York, May20, 1830, a son of Israel and Eliza M. (Webb)Taylor, the former a native of Massachusetts,and the latter of Connecticut. They werethe parents of three children, the eldest ofwhom is the subject of our sketch, and hehas one brother in Kansas. In 1842 theyremoved toPorter, Rock county, Wiscunsin,and in 1847 purchased 160 acres in section32, Dunkirk township, Dane county, Wisconsin.Both the father and mother are nowdeceased.Thomas G. Taylor attended school daringthe winter months, and after reaching a suitableage purchased the

202 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFtownship, to Miss Lucy D. Upton, who washorn and educated in New Salem, Franklincounty, Massachusetts.They have had sevenchiidi-en, five now living: J. Everett, WilliamG., Edward A., Carrie L., and Nellie E.Taylor Ilawley. The daughters are all married.fOHNM. HIBBARD, Postmaster ofStoughton, Dane county, was born inLa Fayette, Walworth county, Wisconsin, January I'J, 18-49, a son of Kichard M.and Mary (iMason) Ilibbard, the former a nativeof Uadley, Massachusetts, and the latterof Porupey, Onondaga county, New York.The paternal grandfather came to Wisconsinwhen it was remarkably new, and was inMilwaukee when that city had only two orthree houses. His eon, now deceased, thefather of our subject, accompanied him, andwas ever afterward identified witii Walworthcounty. In i^arly life he followed farming,but later was engaged as a merchant at Troy,Wisconsin. The maternal grandfatlier ofour subject now resides in Waukesha county,tills state, a

VANE COONTY, WIsaONl^lN. 203and settled inthe New York line,Rutland county, Vermont, nearwiiere he rL'are'50to])ay for a forty acre tract (jf laml which heentered. In 1849 he purchased a land warrantfrom a soldier of the Mexican war, andthus became the owner of 160 acres of land.For one year he worked as a farm hand inorder to earn money with which to l)ny ateam.In 1850 our subject marricMJ Miss CarolineEasterday, born at (iratiot, Wisconsin,being the first white child born in La Fayettecounty, the date of her birthbeing duly16, 1828. H(!r parents came from Swil/.erland,and were Dr. Lewis and Barbara (Rinderbacker)Easterday. Tiiey came to Americawith the Manitoba colony, nuiking theirway to the Red river country by way ofHudson's Bay, and resided tliere until thegreat flood in 1827, when they went to Galena,Illinois, near the lead region, whvve theyresided until 1832, when they removed toSt. Louis, where Dr. Easterday diedtliat year.His wife, the mother of Mrs. Crocker, marrierlagain, and iIIcmI in Wisconsin.()nr subject and wife were v(!ry poor inthis world's goods at the time of marriao-e.They lived in a log cabin, and for two yearsthey had not even a chair, but their liajipiuess

204 BIOORAPHIGAL REVIEW OPdid not consist in these things.They workedwith willing hands, determined to conquer circumstances,and they did. Mr. Crocker hasnow 200 acres of land, and is a man of meansand in ver}- comfortable circumstances. Theyhave liad eleven children, nine of wliom areliving, as follows: Margaret, who resides atliome; Charles, who resides in Modenacounty, Minnesota; Rebecca, deceased, whomarried James Fritz, and died in Ilolton,Jackson county, Kansas; Mary, marriedSamuel Sharman, and resides in Greencounty; Matilda, married William Sharmanof Belleville; Sarah, married Charles Cronnof Green county; Emma, who is at home;Peter, born February 14, 1867, who residesat home; Thomas, who died young; Barbara,who is at home, and John Fremont Crocker,named after the great pathfinder, was bornOctober 21, 1850, also at home.At an early da}' Mr. Crocker was a memberof tlie Freewill Baptist Clmrch, but thatorganization did not flourish in tliis neighborhood,and he tlien joined tlie MethodistEpiscopal Church, and of this he is still amember. Since 1804 he has been a ClassLeader, and always a liberal supporter ofthecliurch, and also a worker in the Sabbathschool. In politics iiis first vote was given toAVinfielil Scott, and voted tlic Ivepublicanticket until 1881, since which time he hasbeen a Prohibitionist, but has never desiredan office. As may be inferred, he is astanch temperance man, and mucli of hissuccess in life may be attri!)uted to iiis temperanceprinciples.The sketch of our subject lias been necessarilybrief, but tiie history of Green county,AVisconsiii, as well as the history of Danecounty, Wisconsin, will give much interestingmatter concernin

BANE COUNTY, WLSOONSIN. 205proved a good farm and later sold the oldhome and retired to the village of Hartford,and died there in 1884. He had been bornin 1800, vpas a hardworkino; and successfulfarmer and a substantial citizen. He was au'ember of the llonian Catholic Church andhad always been a consistent Christianand a good neighbor. In liis political life hehad been a Democrat.The mother of our subject had died ontheold farm, in 1856. She had been born in1797, was fifty-nine years of age when shedied, a good wife, a kind mother, neighborand friend, and was a member of the samereligious denomination as her husband. Hermaiden name was Susan Wilhelm, and shehad been the mother of three children, whogrew to maturity and are still living. Al»rother of our subject, Quiren, is a blacksmithforeman in the shops of the Chicago,Alton & St. Louis Railroad, at Chicago. Heis married and pleasantly located. The sisterof Mr. Sendt is Mrs. Lena Schmidt, thewidow of Mr. Rinewold, who was killed bythe premature explosion of a cannon on July4, 1854 or '55, and also of Jacob Schmidt,who died twenty years ago. She now livesin Kenosha, Wisconsin.The marriage of our subject took place inChicago, Hlinois, December 9, 1859, to MissMary Hoffman, born in Bavaria, Germany,March 29, 1837, a daughter of William andLena (Engel) Hoffman, natives of Bavaria,who came to America after the bii-tli of alltheir children.Mrs. Sendt had come to Chicagoall alone in1859, and the parents joinedher in Madison, in 1868. Until her marriageshe had lived in Chicago, and her agedparents are now living in comfort in Middleton,the father aged eighty-seven and themother eightv-tive, the father beino; a memberof the Congregational Church and the16mother of the Catholic. Mrs. Sendt is oneof tlii-ee sisters, the others being, IJarbara,the widow of Peter Hedler, who died afterhis return from the war, from some armytrouble. The younger sister, Catherine, isnow the wife of William Hoffman, a millerof Middleton, Dane county, Wisconsin.Mr. and Mrs. Sendt are the parents of twochildren: Lena, who is at home; and Anna,who is the wife of James Cavenaugh, a railroadpassenger conductor on the St. Paul,who resides in Madison, and she has twochililren,Leslie P. and .James.1^^-'yl^EOBGE THEIN, Postmaster and gen-'"''^ merciiant of East Bristol,'uW Dane^S^county, was born in this township, June,1848, a son of George Thein, a native of I5avaria,Germany. The latter was a son ofAndrew and Elizabeth Thein, who lived anddied iii that country. George Thein, Sr.,came to this country in 1847, having beenthe first of his family to make the journey.Lie was thenunmarried, but brought his inteniledbride with him. After a voyage ofseveral weeks they landed in Quebec, Canada,but soon afterwardwent to Milwaukee, Wisconsin,and thence to Dane county, wherethey were married. The father took np Governmentland on section13, Bristol township,where he remained until his death, in 1875,at the age of sixty-throe years. Politicallyhe was identified with theand religiouslyDemocratic party,was a member of the Catholie Church. The mother is still living, andmakes her home with her son, our suiject,aged eighty-three years. They were the parentsof two sons and two daughters, of whomGeorge was the eldest child. The daughtersdied when young, and the son, John, is a farm-

20(i BIOORAPUICAL REVIEW OFer of section 36, Bristol township, Danecounty.George Thein, the subject of tliis sketch,was eiif^agcd in farming after reacliing hismajority until 18S8. In tliat year he embarkedin tiic general mercantile trade in tliistown with liif brother, John, with whom hecontinued three years. Since November 1,1886, he has conducted the business alone,lie affiliates with the Democratic party, andis a member of tlieCatholic Church.iNDREW TUSCHEN, deceased, wasborn in Germany, in 1825, a son ofJohn Tuschen, whose death occurred inthis country. Andrew Tuschen received afair education in Germany, where lie alsolearned and worked at tiie masons' trade. Atthe age of sixteen years lie came by sail vesselto America, landing in New York after avoyage of forty-two days, and was then a poorboy. He worked at his trade in that city fora time, and then settled in Bristol towii.sliip,Columbia county, Wisconsin, where he wasamong the pioneer settlers. After rentingland there four years he bought the farm ol123 acres his family still own of John Nelson,for which he paid $3,000. The placethen contained a log liouse, and forty acresunder cultivation. Mr. Tuschen afterwardimproved the place, and his death occurredthere March 5, 1882.In 1802 he married Josephine Frifjch, anative of Germany, who came with herparents to tliis country at the age of fifteenyears, settling in Bristol township, Danecounty, Wisconsin. Her mother died in 1870,and the father in 1877, both having beenmembers of the Catholic Church. Mr. andMrs. Tuschen had eleven children, viz.: John,who died at the age of eightyears and eightmonths, was buried in the Catholic cemeteryin North Bristol; Annie, wife of John Kessler,of North Bristol; Joseph, deceased ininfancy; Mary now Mrs. Michael Schroud;Andrew, and Frank; Henry and Barbara(twins); Carolina; Catherine and William athome. With the assistance other sons .Urs.Tuschen has continued the management ofthe farm since her husband's death, has erecteda good frame residence, fine barns, and manyother necessary improvements. Mr. Tuschenwas a man of strong convictions, but was kindof heart, and greatly beloved.fAM E S F>. S T O N E, one of Fitchburgtownship's most influential citizens, wasborn on the Isle of Wight, March 27,1826. His father, Jonathan Stone, was anative of the same place, where he was reared,married and resided until 1851, when he emigratedto the States, remaining in NewYork for a short time, but finally emigrating toWisconsin, where he located in Fitchburgtownship. Here the good man spent the remainderof his days in jjcace and comfort.The maiden i\ame of his wife was HarrietDore, also a native of the Isle of AVight.Shedied in Fitchburg township, after rearing afamily of eight children, namely:Maria, Jacob,Charlotte, Eliza,James, Ann, John andGeorge.Our subject was reared on a farmand remainedwith his parents until his sixteenthyear, when he resolved to leave the land ofhis birth and .

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 207ill a strange land. He made iifs way to Ontariocounty, and there hired out on a farmfor $20 for six moiitlis, but his employercheated him out of the most of his wages.Pie remained in Ontario county, nearly a year,and then went to Seneca, where he was einployedin a soap and candle factory in thevillage of Waterloo. He remained there until1846 and then went to Wisconsin, goingvia railroad to Rochester, via lakes to Racineand then engaged on a farm for the summerand chopped wood in winter, remaining inRacine until 1852, when he removed to Danecounty. He had made preparations for locatingthere by buying fortyacres of land andremained there until February, 1853, when hewent to Fitchburg township, where he boughtsi.xty acres of land, which is included in hispresent farm. This was university land andhe paid §7 an acre for it. He immediatelybegan iinproving it, built a house, has sincebought other land, and now has 237 acres,twelve of which is in timber.In 1859 he was married to Miss EininaDore, a native of New Haven, Connecticut,a daughter of David Dore, a native of the Isleof Wight. To this union two children havebeen born, Homer A. and James D. Mr.Stone is independent inpolitics.^DWARD FARRELL RILEY, awellknownand popular citizenof Madison,Wisconsin, was born at Livonia, Livingstoncounty, New York, (October 3, 1847.His father. Rev. B. G. Riley (Presbyterian),was born in Otsego county. New York, in1810, and graduated at Williams College in183-4, and at Union Theological Seminary in1837. He married Anna Farrell, born in Detroit,Michigan, and they had five children:Laura E., Mary F., Ellen G., Edward F. andCharles P. In 1857 the parents removedto Wisconsin, then on the frontier of civilization,and settled in Lodi, Columbia county.E. F. Riley passed his boyhood until theage of sixteen in Lodi, at which age he enlistedin Company C, Forty-second Regiment,Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry (Captain,George M. Humphrey, Colonel, Ezra T.Sprague), being a Corporal in that company.He served until the close of the war and wasmustered out in the spring of 1865, at theage of about seventeen and a half years.Hereturned to Lodi, pursuing studies in theacademy therefor some time, after which heentered a store in the village as clerk.March 1, 1869, he removed to Sun Prairie,Dane county, where he acted as clerk andbookkeeper for Henry Gilman and DexterCurtis.Mr. Riley was married at Sun Prairie April29, 1873, to Miss Eliza C. LaBore, born atSun Praire, July 4, 1850. Three sons havebeen born to them, viz.:G., and Frank M.George C, CharlesIn 1874 Mr. Riley removed to Madison,Wisconsin, at which place he has residedsince,being engaged in the mercantile business,for some years associated with E. F.Riley & Company, (L. P.IIinde8),and Riley &Bowen (W. H. Bowen), and for some timeproprietor of the Hickory Hill dairy farm.In 1881 Mr. Riley entered the employ ofMr.AYayne Ramsay, cashier First National Bank,as secretary in his private business and in thecare of the estate of Dr. J. B. Bowen, deceased,and in looking after lands in whichMr. Ramsay had interests. Mr. Riley remainedin the enipk)y of these land associationsuntil January 1, 1888, at which timehe was elected secretary ofthe Board of Re-.gents of the University of Wisconsin, whichposition he still holds, January 1, 1893.

208 BIOGRAPniCAL REVIEW OFMr. Itiley joined the Masonic fraternitysoen after his majority and united with theFirst Presbyterian Churcli of Madison, uponprofession of faith, May 3, 1875.iENRY SCHELER, of Madison, Wisconsin,the successful proprietor oftheUniversity Meat Marivet, located at621 University avenue, established his businessthere in 1866. Ever since he started intliis locality Mr. Scheler has been very successfuland his market has become one of thebest kept and arranged markets, as well asone of the best known in tlic entire city.Ever since coming to Madison, in1858, Mr.Scheler has been engaged in his life work,that of butchering,lie can)e to this city directfrom New York, where lie had settledupon coming to America from Germany, in1852. Wiiile in New York he pursuedfarming in Montgomery county.Our subject was born in Saxony, Germany,September 7, 1836. lie comes of a good oldGerman family, of healtiiy rugged ancestors,who were long-lived. His father, Paul Scheler,was a native of Saxony, where the fatherof subject grew to manhood and spent his activelife engaged in following his trade ofbutcher, until his death, which occurredwhen he was seventy-eiglit years of age, havinglived all his life in the province that gavehim birth. lie married a Saxon woman,Elizabeth Meyer, who died at about the sameace as her husband. In religion the familywere old Protestants.Mr. Scheler. our subject, was the youngestof thirteen ciiihlren and grew to manhood underhis father's instruction, where lielearnedhis useful trade of butcher. He was thethird one of the family to leave the

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 209ward L. is the other son, and he is alsosisting his stepfather in his market.married Amelia Zo])her, of Middletown.Mr. and Mrs.as-II eSchelcr have no children bytheir marriage. They, with all their children,are members of the Uerinan Lutheran Ciiurch.Although our suliject and his sons are nowstrong Democrats they were formerlystrongRepublicans. Mr. Sclieler is a member ofthe C. C. Wa8hl)nni Post, CI. A. R., No. 11.When the war broke out our subject becameinterested in the cause of his adopted countryand enlisted, August 14, 1862, in CompanyD, Twenty-thirdWisconsin VolunteerInfantry and served in his company as aprivate until the close of the war, being dischargedJuly 4, 1865. During his term ofservice he saw some iuird fighting, withoutbeing in many engagements with his regiment.He participated in the battle ofArkansas Rost, Greenville, Mississippi, atVicksburg and Champion Hills and Blackriver. He also went through the Red Rivercampaign, where he was captured, but succeededin making his escape and joined hisregiment, after which he participated in thebattles of I'ort Morgan, Fort Spanish andFort Blakely. In all these engagements hepassed without receivinga wound, although hiscomrades fell all around him. He was, also,detailed as regimental baker when in camp,and did much good service for his regimentin this department. He was a favorite withall his comrades and officers. His popularitythen acquired has justly continued, and henow enjoys the favorable regard of all whoknow him.—•"•"^ SuS ' S """PILLIAM F. riERSTORFF, engagedin the luinlier business in Middleton,Dane county, was born in Fenewitttownship, Germany, June 30, 1848, a sonofCarl and Catherine (Bramer) Pierstorff. Thefather was born in Bridenbuck, Germany,August 36, 1810, was a blacksmith andfarmer l)y trade, and came to the UnitedStates in 1857, on the sailing vessel Humboldt.He remained in New York about twoweeks, where he lost a son, and then purchasedforty acres of improved laiul in Dane county,Wisconsin. Five years later he sold thatplace, bought forty acres in Spring Dale,this county, five years after sold that landand purchased 150 acres in Verona township,but two years ago retired from active laborand ^settledwhere our suliject now lives, andwhere he died October 0, 1889. He was aprominent politician, and voted tiie Republicanticket since Lincoln's nomination. Hisfather, Carl Pierstorff,was engaged in blacksmithingall his life, and his death occurredat the age of seventy-seven years. The motherof our subject was born inthe same place asher husband, in October, 1810, and died inSpring Dale, Dane county, Fel)ruary 3, 1857.Her parents were born in tiie same localityin Germany, and the father was a miller byoccupation.The mother died at about the ageot fifty-two years, and the father in the sameyear.Mr. and Mrs. Pierstorff reared a familyof fourteen children, eight of whom stillsurvive, three sous and five daughters, andthe former are nearly all engaged in mercantilepursuits. One son, August, was a soldierin the late war, a memlier of Company B,Eleventh Wisconsin Regiment, for which henow draws a pension.William F.,the subject of this sketch, wasreared to farm life, and educated in the districtschools, and also six weeks in a selectschool. At the age of twenty-two years hewent to Montana, where, September 10,1871, he engaged in a gristmill with hisbrother. One and a half years later he fol-

210 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFlowed raining one season; went toSalt Lakeon horseback, a distance of 800 miles, incompany with six others; from there went toToelle city, enf);aged in mining; and in 1874returned as far as Nebraska, where he clerkedfor his brother-in-law in Kiverton, and alsoworked inthe hay fields during the summer.In 1875 Mr. fierstorff returned to Paoli,Dane county, Wisconsin, where he foundemployment in a gristmill, and the followini'year rented his father's farm. He nextpurchased a hotel and saloon in Verona,which ho conducted five years, and whilethere served as Town Clerk and Justice ofthe I'eace, also conducted a general store.In the spring of 1884 he sold all his property;the following fall was elected to the positionof Sheriff, in the spring of 1887 bought 200acres of fine land in Middleton, and alsobought the lumber business of KuptkeBrothers, which he has since conducted.Since his residence in this city Mr. Pierstorffhas been chosen Chairman of the TownshipEoard, Justice ofthe Peace, treasurer of theSchool Board, and as treasurer of the MiddletonFire & Lightning Insurance Company.In his social relations, he is Senior Wardenof the Masonic order. No. 80, andof the I. O. O. F., LodgeNo. 158.TreasurerSeptember 29, 1876, our subject wasunited in marriage with Miss ]\[ary Prien, anative of this county, and a daughter of JohnPrien. To this union has been born thefollowing children: William H., born inVerona, December 22, 1877; George B.,March 30, 1880; and Frank L., June 20,1888. Mr. and Mrs. Pierstorff are activemembers of the Lutheran Church.TT-rT.MlREN GAMMONS, a farmer of\\ \l' '*ane county, Wisconsin, was born'^^"j in Middleborough, Massachusetts,October 27, 1822, a son of Jairus and Mary(Tillotson) Gammons, natives also of thatcounty. The grandfather of our subject,Ebenezer Gammons, was an old Revolutionarysoldier, and his death occurred inMiddleborough,Massachusetts. The maternal grandfatherwas also an old Revolutionarysoldier.Jairus Gammons was a forgeman and farmerby occupation, and he died at his okl homeMarch 13, 1840. Ilis wife, the mother ofour subject, died when the latter was an infant.The parents had a family of fourteenchildren, twelve of whom lived to be overfifty years of age, and three stillsurvive.Warren Gammons, the subject of oursketch, remained at home until twenty-oneyears of age, engaged as a sailor and farmer,then followed the puddlers' trade five years.In 1849 he came with his wife and onechild to Wisconsin, going by railroad toFall River, Massachusetts, by boat to NewYork, up the river to Albany, by lakes toMilwaukee, and were then i)rought by afarmer to within one and one-half miles ofwhere they now reside.Mr. (jammons purchased160 acres of wild land, erected a framehouse in the western part of Dane county,18 x20 feet, and twelve years later built theirpresent fine dwelling. He has always votedthe Democratic ticket, his first presidentialvote havinfj been cast for James K. Polk.He has served as Chairman of the TownBoard eight years. Township Clerk a numl)erof years, as Town Superintendent of Schools,and as Justice of the Peace several years.his social relations tie is a member of theMasonic order, A. F. & A. M.Mr. Gammons was married September 15,1846, to Miss Sarah (Turney, who was bornIn

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 311at Rochester, Massachnsetts, June 5, 1824, adaugliter of Samuel and Sarah (Shurtlelf)Gurney, also natives of that State. Thefather followed the sea many years, and alsoowned a very large farm.in his native State,His death occurredFebruary 23, 1862, at theage of seventy-seven years. Mr. and Mi's.Gammons had live children, namely: Emily,born May 20, 1848, is the wife of E. A.Mann, of Michigan; Lucinda, born Octolier23, 1850, married Dr. James Coolidf^e, ofCharles City, Iowa; Leonard W., an attorneyof Minneapolis, married Miss F. M. Barr,and has two children;Bridgewater,Albert E., a farmer ofSouth Dakota, married MinnieScott, and has one daughter; and Frank A.The wife and mother died in Middleton,Dane county, Wisconsin. May 23, 1877.September 15,1878, Mr. Gammons marriedMrs. Ellen S. (Keene) Allen, who was bornin Plymouth county, Massachusetts, December14, 1837, a daughter of George H.and Mahala (Cahoon) Keene. The fatherwas also born in Massachusetts, March 15,1812, a son of Abraham Keene, who was relatedto the first Governor of Plymouth Colony.George II., the father of Mrs. Gammons,followed the sea from early boyhooduntil his sixteenth year, and rose from theposition of cabin boy to captain of merchantand passenger steamers. He died in Middleborough,Massachusetts, August 30, 1874.His wife was born March 24, 181G, a daughterof Stephen A. and Phoebe (Kendrick)Cahoon, natives also of Massachusetts. Thefather was born October 17, 1779, and diedDecember 26, 1842; and the mother, bornAugust 8, 1775, died October 11, 1848. Thegreat-grandparents of Mrs. Gammons wereMoses and Cynthia (Swift) Keene. Mrs.Gammons was tirst married to Peleg P.Allen, who was born in the town of Marion,then called Sepikan, Massachusetts, a son ofJoseph and Polly (Briggs) Allen, albO nativesof that State. They spent their entire livesthere, dying at a very old age. P. P. Allenwas engaged as superintendent of tiie AtlanticGuano Company, and was drowned atAtwood's Key, Bahama Islands, at the age ofthirty-two years. Mrs. Gammons' eldestbrother, George M., was a member of thatcompany, and he died in Cuba, at the age oftwenty-live years and nine days. Mrs. Gammonsis a member of the CongregationalChurch.IHROF. RICHARD T.ELY, prominentin educational an

212 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFlie passed his freshman year. Thence, hewent to Columbia College, at which liegraduated in 1876, and then, as holder ofthe Fellowship ofhe continued his studies inLetters of that institution,the German universities,receiving the degree of Doctor ofPhilosophy from Heidelberg, in 1879.Whilea student in Berlin he prepared for UnitedStates Department of State a paper on Germanrailroads, which was widely noticed inthis country.On his return to America lie deliveredcourses of lectures at Cornell and other institutions,but was soon called to the JohnsHopkins University, wdiere he occupied theciiair of Political Economy until 1892, whenhe accepted a call to the University of Wisconsin.In June, 1892, the degree of LL.D.was conferred on him by Hobart College.His life has been that of the man of affairs,as well as that of the scholar, and in allthings he is eminently practical. lie was amember of the City Tax Commission of Baltimorefor a year, and for two years served asa member of the Maryland State Tax Commission,inwhich manner he came into contactwith practical politics. The experiencegained in those capacities caused him to formulateideas, which have crystallized into hispresent views. He enjoys, to an unusualdegree, the confidence of the laboring classes.On the other hand, he has many relatives andintimate friends who are connected withgreat corporations, and the numerous invitationsluihas to aildress various organizations,is stifBcient evidence of the esteem in whichhe is held by business men throughout thecountry. His address before tlie BostonMerchants' Association has especially beenfavorably commented on.As secretary of the American Economic Associationlie had the management of itsaffairs, from its foundation in 1885 until1892, and although its business is not large,yet liehas succeeded where many would havefailed. He has lectured at Chautauqua forseveral years, and is the director of itsSchoolof Political Economy. He is also secretaryof the Christian Social Union.He has contributed largely to leadingperiodicals and written many books on socialand economic science, nearly all of his workshaving gone through several large editions:" French and German Socialism," " Past andPresent of Political Economy," " LaborMovement in America," '• Taxation in AmericanStates and Cities," " Problems of Today,"" Political Economy" (of which over30,000 copies have i)een sold), and " SocialAs])ects of Christianity." There is a Japanesetranslation of " The Past and PresentPolitical Economy," and the " PoliticalEconomy."fGEORGE SOFLCH.—Among the successfulbusiness ventures of the city of" Madison, and one which has been appreciatedby the citizens, is that of themeat market conducted by the gentleman,whose well-known name opens this sketch.This place of business was opened in 1853,and it was for years known by the name ofthe Old City Meat Market.ofMr. Soelch tookpossession of it in I860, and is now the oldestdealer of the kind in the city who has beencontinually in the business.The birth of our subjecttook place in Bavaria,Germany, March, 26, 1836, and therehe grew up and was educated in the sameplace and was the first of his family to cometo the United States. He took passage inthe spring of 1853, from Bremer Havre, on

DANE COUNTY, WISCONtilN. 213a sailer called the Ocean, and finally landedin New York city, after a passage of thirtyfourdays. He came thence to Chicago. Thefather of our subject was a most worthy merchantin the meat line in Bavaria, and therehe died in 1889, at the age of eighty-sixyears. At the same time he conducted ahotel in his nacive place, and when he diedhe was mourned by all, as he had been a goodand consistent member of the LutheranChurch. The motlier of our subject is yetliving in Bavaria. Iler maiden name wasMiss Barbara Keaste.Our subject has a brother, Philip, and asister, Mrs. Caroline iiaithel, who are yetliving in their native country of Germany,the former the owner and conductor of hisfather's business.Another brother, Charles,is living in Madison and is in the employ ofhisbrother, our subject.Mr. Soelcli was joined in matrimoy, toMiss Henrietta Keastner, who was born nearher husband's birthplace in Germany, andcame to this country in 1871, and settled inMadison. She is the only one of the familyliving in this country. Three l)rothers whocame are now deceased. Her i)arents livedand died in Germany, and were good andworthy members of theMr. and Mrs. Soelch of thisparents of no children ofLutheran Church.notice are thetheir own. but thathas not prevented their kind hearts from goingout to a nephew, whom they have madetheir own. This is the son of a brother of thewife of our suliject, and his name is John F.,a bright and promising young man, who isengaged with Mr. Soelch in the business.They are members of the German LutheranChurch, to which Mr. Soelch has been aliberal supporter, and both he and his nepheware sound inDemocratic principles.Mr. Soelch deals in live stock to some extentalso. He came t6 this city in 1857, andhas been a resident here ever since. He learnedthe trade in Chicago, where he spent the fouryears after coming to the United States.Heis a n)an who has won many friends by hishonest business methods.tOUlSA-^ ^(S)' ^M. (BRAYTON) SAWIN, thefirst teacher in Madison, now residingwith her son-in-law, G. W. Bird, ofMadison, was born in the town of Wilna,Jefferson county, New York, May 3, 1816.Her father, Jeremiah Brayton, was born inOtsego county, New York, and his father wasThomas Brayton, who settled in Wilna,bought land, engaged in farming, kept apuidic house and filled various ofticial positions.He spent his last years in Wilna.The maiden name of his wife was KubyJohnson. The father of Mrs. Sawin was rearedon a farm, in Wilna, remained there until1835, then with his wife and four children,he removed to Ohio, traveling with a team toSackett's Harbor and then, via lakes andWelland canal to Cleveland, and lived thereuntil 1837, when became to the Territory ofAViscousin, via lakes to Milwaukee, and thenwith ox teams to Aztalan, Jetierson county.At that time Wisconsin was very sparselysettled, and the greater part of the land wasowned by the Go\-ernnient. Mr. Braytonclaimed one quarter section of the Governmentland, on Crawfish river and erected a loghonseon the banks. This was really a log house,as no sawed lumber entered intoits construction.The boards to cover the roof were rivedby hand and the boards for the doors andfioor were hewn out. For years there wasno road through that section, and Milwaukeewas the principal market for grain and stock.

214 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFMr. Brayton resided oti this farm until liisdeatli, April 19, 18G9, aged seventy-five years.The maiden name of the mother of our subjectwas Maria Manville, born in New YorkState, and died at the home of Mrs. Sawin, inJefferson county, June 20, 1882, aged eightythreeyears.Mrs. Sawin received a good education inher eastern home, and her services weresought as a teaclier, and in 1839 she was employedby Mr. A. A. Bird to come to Madison,and in the spring of 1839 slie commencedthe first school ever taught here. It was heldin a log building, which had been erected]fora dwelling, and the furniture was of tiie mostprimitive kind. The seats were made ofslabs, with underpins for legs. Holes werebored in the logs and pins inserted and aslab laid in served as a desk for the largerpupils to write on. Mrs. Sawin did not becomea millionaire from her salary, as it wasonly 82 a week, and she paid $1 of it forboard. Later she taught at^Jefferson. Thereher sclioolhousewas one side and her boardingplace on the otlier side of the river, andshe journeyed back and forth in a canoe.She was married .lanuary 25, 1843, toGeorge Sawin, a native of New York State,a builder by trade, and at the time of hismarriagehe was engaged in business in Laporte,where he continued until 1847, when hemoved to Watertown, and continued his businessthere until his death, in 1852. Afterhis death Mrs. Sawin returned to her father'shome and resumed teaching. This laily wasengaged in the occupation of teaching untilfifty years of age, but now resides with herdaughter, Mrs. J5ird. Mrs. Sawin has twochildren, namely: Albert and Maria. Theformer died in the late war in Company l'\Twenty-ninth Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry.^^ANLEY S. ROWLEY, prominentVHuiong the real-estate brokers and a"^.*iv=" man who has been closely associatedwitii the interests of Madison is the subject ofthis biographical sketch. In March, 1890, hebecame interested in his present business.His early associations of Madison date backto 1870. at which date he established agentlemen'sfurnisliing house, including hats,caps andready made clothing, and was thusengaged continously for twelve years, whenhe sold out and engaged as a commercialtraveler with the well-known hatters, ClarkBrothers of New York city, continuing withthem until 1890. Most of his life has beenspent as an active business man. Just previousto his coining to Madison he spentfive years as a clothing merchant in Ossian,Winneshiek county, Iowa.This was immediatelyafter the close of the war, andhe had come to Iowa from Niles, Berriencounty, Michigan, that being the scene of hisearly life and boyhood days, although t)

DANE COUNTY WISCONSIN. 215without leaving tlie field he was liiially coinpelleilto resign, and receiving iiis honoral.)ledisciiarge came back to Michigan.After liis retnrn home he engaged in Lisold occupation in JN'iies for some time beforehe decided to try his fortune in the far West.Since he came to Madison he liasbeen indentifiedto some extent with the local politicsof the city, having held the office of CityTreasurer. He is a decided Republican andlooks after the best interests of his party inthe city. Mr. Rowley is a member of the C.C. Washburn Rost, G. A. R., No. 17; is aMaster Mason and affiliates with the KnightsTemplars inIowa.At the bride's home, in the capital city, hewas married to Julia M. Brooks, one of theworthy daughters of this city, who was born,reared and educated within its borders, andthe daughter of one of the well-respected andold citizens of this place, Abiel E. Brooks,who had lived here for over forty years, andwhose death occurred July, 1891, at theadvanced age of ninety-one years. He wasprominently known here as the pro|3rietor ofthe Brook's Addition to the city of Madison,a valuable piece of property. Mr. Brooks hadbeen active in localmatters, having held theoffice of City Alderman, being a stanchRepublican in politics. He was born in thelittle State of Rhode Island in 1800,whence he removed to New Yoi-k, when thatState was in its early development, figuringconspicuously in the building of differentGovernment works there, finally being thecontractor in the construction of the canal inCanada. Later he removed toMichigan, beingone of the early and prominent citizens ofNiles, which he aided in developing. In1847 he removed to Madison and two yearslater, in1849, helped organize a company, ofwhich he was made captain, to n\ake anoverland trip to California. After searchingfor the glitteringwithdust for about three years,some success, he made the trip back toMadison, via the Isthmus ofPanama, acrossthe gulf, up the Mississippi river and thenceto Madison. Here he invested the money hehad gathered from Mother Earth invaluablereal estate tliat in due time brough him richreturns.^^/^'^4:^?/^/^^^OIIN NADER, architect and civil engi-"i;jneer, is one of the oldest and most profi-•^Txi cient of his profession in the city ofMadison. He came to Wisconsin in 1869,locating in Milwaukee, while engaged onUnited States lighthouse duty on Lake MichiganandGreen bay for one year; he was thenemployed by the city totake the charge of thesewerage department, which he conducted until,in 1871, he was appointed Assistant UnitedStates Engineer in charge of the Wisconsinriver improvement, with headquarters at Portage,where he established a shipyard, builthis outfit and conducted the improvementwith success until1876, when the funds gaveout. [n 1873 he moved headquarters toMadison in order to expedite his work. Hethen established an office in the city and waselected City Engineer by the Common Council,which office he held until 1883. Duringthis time Mr. Nader pursued the calling ofarchitect in addition to that of engineer. Henow has a considerable practice in all kindsof architectural work in the city and aboutthe StateIn 1885 he was again elected City Engineerand designed and superintended the buildingof the present system of sewerage of the cityof Madison, which when completed accordingto his plans, will be ecjual to any in the country.

216 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFPrior to coming to Wisconsin, Mr.Xaderoccupied positions o( prominence in the UnitedStates Corps of Engineers as superintendentof Forts Hamilton, Tompkins, Wadswortliand fort at Sandy Hook, under GeneralsDelatield and Xewton. Colonels Primeand Roberts of the Engineer Corps. It wasour subject who made the preliminary surveysof a portion of flellgate. New York city, inlS(3t3. from which the subsequent improvementswere planned by General Newton.Laterhe built an actual section of sea coastbattery at West Point for the instruction ofthe cjidets. While engaged in New Yorkharbor fortitications Mr. Nader made somesubmarine borings around Fort Lafayette andestablisheil the theory of subsidence of Mr.Lewis, geologist of the Long Island HistoricalSociety, by finding an ancient meadowtifty-three feet below the bed of the bay. Inall Mr. Nader spent over ten years in mostuseful work, and while young in years whenhe came to Wisconsin, he was old in e.xperienceof a useful nature.Owintr to the failureof his health, Mr. Nader spent from 18S7 to1S92 in the State of Virginia, there planningand laying out the towns of Big Stone Gapand Damascus, and a large addition to Bristol.Virginia, on the Tennessee line. AVhilethere he made many local improvements instreets, bridges and buildings. He designedand superintended a fine opera house andmany fine stores and private residences.While in Madison Mr. Nader designed theDane county and Sauk county asylums, Bavtieldcourlhouse, St. Patrick's Church, M.^dison,and churches at Oregon, Muscoda andRoxbury and many other tine public and privatebuildings. The past season he designeda fine county house for St. Joseph's county.Michigan. Our subject was born December31, 1S3S, in Westchester county. State ofNew York. He received his education in thecommon schools of his native county and hisacademic course at Brooklyn, New York. Headopted his profession early in life, in fact,while he was yet a student and before he waseigliteen years of age he occupied the positionof master mechanic at Fort Delaware, andfrom that time on he became proficient inhis profession until heheld the hijihest civilassistant position under the United StatesEngineer Corps. He had special charge oferecting the first fifteen-inch gun at FortTompkins in 1S()2. and the first twenty-inchgun at Fort Hamilton in 1865, and on accountof proficiency has reached a position almost atthe head of hiscallinor.Mr. Nader is a member of the WisconsinAcademy of Sciences, Arts and Letters, andhas been vice-president of the department ofArts for several terms. He has been an activecontributor to this institution at theirsemi-annual meetings.In 1876 he contributed a paper on theocean tides, the work of several years, andwith itproduced a new co-tidal chart, possessingsome entirely new and interesting features.He has always been in favor of all measurestending to the development and improvementof both city and county and has always endeavoredto contribute to the progress of thegooii and the useful.In religion he is an active member of theCatholic Church and expects topreserve hisstanding for the remainder of his days. In]>olitics he is a Democrat and loyally supportsall reasonable measures of tliat organization.He has twice in his life held office;once as School Commissioner of Kings county,New York, and once as Supervisor of theFourth Ward of Madison.

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 217fOIlNTHOMAS KLUBEKTANZ. deceased,was horn in HaiDpden, Columbiacounty, Wisconsin, March 17, 1847, ason of John S. Kluliertanz. The latter cameby sailing vessel from Bayern to America,and after landing in New Yor]

218 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFinterest, and conducted the business alone twoyears. After his father's death he and hisbrother Henry l)OUght out the heirs of theold homestead, consisting of 160 acres, wherehe has since been engaged in fanning.Politicallyhe affiliates with the Kepublicanparty, and has been twiceelected Supervisorof Albion township, lie is a member ofthe Lutheran Church, andduring the litigation,which divided the congregation, he wasone of the few to take a leadinjr part. Hesucceeded in saving forhis party the churchproperty, and winning a victory in the SupremeCourt of^.Wisconsin.irgpjBILLIAM M. FORESMAN, general\/\;'fig*^'"^ f*"' the passenger and freighti'^^ji^'^j ',)usiness of the Chicago it NorthWestern Railroad, atMadison, Wisconsin, isthe subject of this sketch, lie was born inCircleville, Pickaway county, Ohio. March28, 1849, a son of C. M. and Susan M.(Nash) Foresman, the latter born in Rochester,New York, in June, 1828, and marriedin Granville, Ohio. The father was born inCircleville, and later moved to Lafayette, Indiana,where he remained for a period of fiveyears. When our subject was ten years of agethe family removed to Milwaukee, Wisconsin,tlien went on to Madison, reaching there in1801. Notwithstanding these changes theeducation of the family of seven childrenhad not been neglected, our subject attendingschool steadily, wherever the family happenedto be.At ^Lvlison William entered first thehigh school, later the university, but didnotentirely finish the course at the latter institution.After leaving school he gratitied hislove of variety by traveling, visiting relativesmuch scattered, making trips to Utah andColorado, and also to the South. After hisreturn he went into business with the MadisonFire Insurance Company, at Madison,and spent two years at that business. In1872 he entered the employ of the Chicagoct Northwestern Railroad, starting in thefreight house, and since that time has beenworking his way steadily upward until henow is the general agent, an office of highresponsibility.This position was given himMarch, 1882, and he has tilled it to the satisfactionof his employers.The marriage of Mr. F^iresman took placeDecember 21, 1880, to Miss Ella Crane, ofPortland, Michigan.She was born at GreatBarrington, Massachusetts. The mother ofour subject was removed by death at Madison,in IST-t. Both himself and wife are nn'inbersofGrace Episcopal Church of this city.Socially he is a member of the Masonicfraternity, and also belongs to other ordersin the city. In his political feelings he is aRepublican, voting always with that party.He is well and favorably known throughthis city and vicinity.SREDW. DUFRENNE, of Dane countywas born in Madison, Wisconsin, MayIt), 1864, a son of Fred W. and Adelaide(Nelles) Dufrenne. The father was born inSotommelen, Germany, February 28, 1835,a son of Remme and Anna Dufrenne. Remmewas a native of France, a soldier of theFrench war,and his death occurred at a veryold age. The father of our subject was employedas a mail carrier in Germany, when ayoung man, and at the age of eighteen yearshe began to learnthe shoemakers' trade withJohn Bushman, with whom ho remaineti

DANE COUNTY, WISCONHIN. 319tliree years. In 1856 he caine to the UnitedStates, on tlie steainei' Biirussia, and afterlanding in New York, went iminediately toChicago, where he followed his trade twomonths; followed the same occupation at IjaCrosse, Wisconsin, about seven months;waswith F. A. Stoltz, of Madison, Wisconsin,for a time; was clerk and manager of a generalstore at Black Earth, from 1867 to 1869,and in the latter year opened a store inMiddleton,with S. Shuringer. Four years laterMr. Dufrenne bought the entire store, latersold a half interest to D. Lyle, and they continuedfor many years under the firm nameof Dufrenne & J^ylfe- Durinjj the late warhe served in Company I, Battery D, foreleven months, and was a Democrat in idspolitical views, although his first presidentialvote was cast for A. Lincoln. Religiously,he was a member of the Catholic Church.The mother of our subject was born in thesame place as her husband, April 8, 1835, adaughter of Henry and Anna (Pesoh) Nelles,also natives of Germany. The mother diedin her native place at the age of forty-twoyears. The father was born in 1807, was amarket gardener and farmer by occupation,and came to the United States in 1857, incompany with his seven children. After avoyage of sixteen days he landed in NewYork and then came to La Crosse, Wisconsin.A short time afterward he purchased 120acres of partly improverl land in Cross Plainstownship, r)ane county, where he remaineduntil about 1872, and in that year went toChicago and retired from active labor. Hedied at the home of his son, Winnand, inthat city, at the age of sixty-nine years. Mr.and Mrs. F. W. Dufrenne were married inMadison, Wisconsin, July 23, 1858, andreared a family of nine children, five now living,namely: Anna, born June 28, 1859,married Philip Snyder, and they have onechild, Willie; Fred W., onr subject; Martin,boiMi October 4, 1866; Lizzie, born January2, 1869; and Lena, born February 14, 1876,isat home.Fred W. Dufrenne, the subject of thissketch, is now at the head of iiis deceased father'sstore, with Mr. Lyle. He is a Democratin his political views and hie first votewas cast for Cleveland. In 1889 he wasunited in marriage with Emma Schroeder,who was born in Yerona, Wisconsin, April17, 1870, a daughter of Jacob and Salome(Minch) Schroeder. The father was born inGermany, September 29, 1841, and died October31, 1875. He was a son of Casper andMargaret Schroeder. Casper was engagedin a paper mill until 1851, when he came toAmerica, with a wife and five children, andfirst rented land in Verona, Dane county,Wisconsin. He then pui'chased 160 acres ofunimproved land, erected a small lious_e andother necessary improvements, and laterbought and moved to another home offortyacres. There the father spent the remainderof his life, dying at about the age ofsixty- two years. His widow then moved toMadison, Wisconsin, whert she died at thehome of her daughter, also at about sixty-fiveyears of age. Jacob, the father of Mrs Dufrenne,remained at home until twenty-oneyears of age, and then enlisted in the Twentythii'dWisconsin Volunteer Infantry, CompanyI, but after two years of service, onaccount of sickness, was discharged from theMarine Hospital, at New Orleans. He thenremained on his father's farm until November12, 1868, when he was united in marriagewith Miss Salome Minch, who wasborn in Rliine province, Germany, December7, 1842 a daughter of Bernard and Frances(Fisher) Minch, who were born in that pro-

220 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFvince in 1815. The mother was a daughterof John and Lizzie Fifilier, both of whomdied ill Germany. Bernard Mineli was employedin a vineyard in his native countryuntil in May, 1853, when he and liis wifesailed from Uavre, landing in New York aftera voyage of tifty-fonr days. Then theycame by canal and lakes to Milwaukee, purchased200 acres of wild land in Montrose,Dane county, and erected a log house, 16 x 20feet. Previous to this, four families livedin one log house covered with straw. Soonafterward Mr. Minch built a stone house,then considered a very fine dwelling, and inwhich the parents of Mrs. Dufrenne and alsoone married daughter stillreside.After marriage, Jacob Schroeder purchaseda hotel inVerona, which he conducted threeyears, and then, in company with a l)rotherin-law,bought a general store and hotel inI'aoli.After his death Mrs. Schroeder conductedthe hotel and store about three years,then sold her interest in the store and movedto Madison for the purpose of educatingherchildren. In 1884 she removed to Middleton,AVisconsin, where, in 1888, she was apjHiintedPostmistress, also opened a confectionerystore, and has been engaged in bothoccupations since that time. She had twochildren, cmly one now living, the wile ofour subject. Mr. and Mrs. Dufrenne hadone son, Willie, born in this county. May 24,1890, and died September 17, 181)2.Tp.AUUV W. LOVEJOY. -Among thenames of those old settlers who havelieen prominently connected with theearly history ofMadison occurs the name ofthe subject of this brief biographicalsketch.For many years he was the efficient messengerand waiting clerk ofthe State Executiveofficer, serving nearly twenty-six yearsin all, during which time he became wellknown as a good and capable servant of thepeople, as well as a loyal and public-spiritedcitizen. lie was born in Hudson, NewYork, February 18, 1827, but was chieflyreared and educated near Sandusky, Ohio.When the trouble with Mexico arose oursubject was one of the flrst to engage in servicewith the Fourth Ohio Volunteer Kegiment,under Colonel Charles Brougli, engagingat the battle of Atlixco del Rio orBroken Bridge, where the United Statestroops crossed the river by wading after theMexicans had blown up the bridge. In thisway the American soldiers were enabled tosurprise the Mexicans, capture many of them,besides sixteen pieces of artillery. Later hewas in the battle of Pueblo, under GeneralIlurlbert commanding. Tlie Fourth OhioRegiment did not do any more service, butwas discharged after two years of service.During the entire time Mr. Lovejoy onlysuffered one slight wound, in the left leg. Sobrave a soldier could not remain quietly athome while so mighty a struggle was convulsingthe nation, in 1861, so he enlistedin Company K, Thirty-second WisconsinVolunteer Infantry, Captain John E. Grout,and Colonel James II. Howe commanding atthe tinie of his entering the service. Aftera short time spent inthe State the regimentwent South, joining the Army of the Tennesseeunder General Sherman, and marchedwith him through Georgia, participating inthe many engagements of that memorablecampaign. While before Atlanta, after nighthad come on, it was found necessary tostrengthen the fortifications. Mr. Lovejoy,with others volunteered to set up pickets ofchevavx defrise, thecommand being given

9G ^//."^r^rJ/ou/.

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 2-21to our subject by General Howard. Afterconducting the work with skill and energy,during which time he never flinched, althoughit was a task wliich required a great amountof bravery to accomplish, Mr. Lovejoy wasabout to retire, when he was struck by asharpshooter's ball, which entered his heada little back and below the eyes and passedentirely through! The great marvel wasthat he escaped with his lite, as he wasshot so many times, in the bright moonlight,by sharpshooters. So bailly was hewounded, on this 19tli of August, 1864, thathe was thrown for dead in the dead house;but upon further examination it was foundthat life was not quite extinct; so he 'wastaken to a hospital and carefully nursed backto health, in the city of Madison. After hisrecovery he was discharged from the hospitaland the service May 27, 1865, with therank of brevet Captain and was given a commission.After the war was over, in 1866, hecameto Madison, Wisconsin, where he has sincecontinued to reside. The Captain was marriedin Madison, Lake county, Ohio, in 1852,to Miss Helen M. Fox, l)orn, reared and educatedin that county and State, dying at herhome in Madison, Wisconsin, August D,1871, at the age of forty. She was the motherof four children,—all dead but Frank H;Jennie,married Frank B. Salmon, and died inCalifornia, without issue. Frank H. is a yardmasterat Stevens Point for the WisconsinCentral Ivailroad, and married Miss MattieMartin, of Peoria, Illitiois. Our subject wasmarried a second time, in Madison, to MissLucy Miles, born, reared and partly educatedin Chautauqua county, New Yoi-k, but has residedill Madison and Dane county for fortyyears. She is the mother of no children.Mr. and Mrs. Lovejoy are members of theit>ConKreeationalChurch, of which the formeris janitor. During his sixty-five years oflife our subject has ])assed through som«stirring events, and entjagcd in some verysevere battles, yet notwithstanding his agehe is still very active and possesses morebodily strength than many a younger man.He is a stanch Republican and is a memberof C. C. Washburn Post, G. A. R., No. 11.By his genial, pleasant manner he lias mademany friends wlierever he has been, both iqprivate andtOBERTpublic capacity.McKEE BASHFORD, the sonof Samuel Morris and Mary Ann Bashford,was born at Fayette, La Fayettecounty, Wisconsin, December 31, 1845.Samuel Morris Bashford was born in NewYork city, and at twelve years of age hisfather, who was there engafjed in commercialpursuits, having die

;BIOGRAPHICALREVIEW OFordained Deacon and Local Preacher, which,togetlier with iiis pursuits as a fanner, madehim a most useful citizen in the community.While holding religious services in WillowSprings, a few miles from his home, on June16, 1850, he was stricken with apoplexy anddied, aii;ed thirty-six years.The mother of our subject was a native ofKentucky, the daughter of llobort McKee,and in childhood removed with her parentsto Edwardsville, Illinois. There she wasfirst married, when but eighteen years old,and soon after with her husband, who was notmuch older, removed to the Territory ofWisconsin, traveling overland with teams,and settled in Fayette, then known as Parkinson'ssettlement, in the sj)ring of 1839,upon the same tract of land where she hasever since continued to live. After the deathof her second husband she married, in 1852,William P. Trousdale, with whom sheliveduntil his death in 1890. She bore nine children,seven of whom reached majority andsix of whom still survive. She has done herpart with other noblepioneer women towardthe upbuilding of a great State in the wildernessof the Northwest.Robert M. l>asliford spent his boyhood onthe farm, attending public and private schoolsportions of each year, until the fall of 18G3,when he entered the preparatory departmentof the State University, and graduated inthecourse of ancient classics in June, 1870.During his college course he was obligedteach to supply the means oftohis own education,as two other brothers were attendingtlie university during parts of the same period.Before his graduation he had taughtas principal of the schools at Linden, Poynetteand Darlington in iiis native State, andhad received Haltering offers to continue inthatwork.He had, however, decided to practice law,and in the fall of 1870 entered the law schoolof the State University, and at the same timetiie law office of Smith & Lamb, then one ofthe leading firms in the State, located atMadison. He graduated in the law coursein1871, and was then prevailed upon to enterinto copartnership with Messrs. John V>. andA. C. Parkinson and George liaynier. forthe purchase of the Madison Daily andWeekly Democrat. He continued as one ofthe editors and proprietors of the paper fromApril, 1871, to April, 1876, during whichtime new presses anil material were purchasedthe paper was enlarged and thedaily editionchanged from an evening to a morning p:iper,and it was placed upon a solid foundation asthe leading Democratic newspaper in theState. Mr. Rashford was always liberal andprogressive in his views upon political subjectsand courageous in the expressionof hisconvictions. For this reason lie frequentlyencountered the opposition of the Bourbonelement of his party. In 1871 he favoredthe nomination of Hon. James R. Doolittlefor Governor by the Democratic State Convention,although Mr. Doolittle had butrecently separatedfrom his Republicaii associationsin the United States Senate. Thenomination was made, though bitterly opposedby the old-line Democrats, and Mr.Bashford served as Secretary of the DemocraticState Central Committee. He herereceived his first lessons in practical politics,and from a leader of large experience, whowas thoroughly skilled in all the honorablemethods of party warfare.served twelve years inMr. Doolittle hadthe United States Senateduring the period of the war and reconstruction,and as the confidential friend ofAbraham Lincoln during his presidency. Hehad a knowledge of pul)lic men and a fa-

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 223miliarity with public affairs during this periodtliat gave his words the weight of liistory.He was tiien in the full maturity of powers,a man of fine presence and great pifts as anorator, and he made the canvass of Wisconsinin 1871 with the expectation, if successful, ofbeitig the standard-bearer of the J democracyand liberal Republicans for President in 1872.He was defeated, and was content to presideover the National Convention at I5altimore,which indorsedHorace Greeley as such candidate.The nomination ofHorace Greeley by theLiberal Republicans at Cincinnati, in 1872,was a disappointment to the friends of themovement, but Mr. Bashford considered itbe the true course for the Democracy to indorsehis candidacy. His associates on thepaper were absent at the time, but he tookthe responsibility of hoisting the names ofthe candidates and committing the paper totheir support. This was in advance of theDemocratic National Convention which assembledin .July, and many of tlie leadingDemocrats of the State were outspoken intheir opposition to the indorsement of theLiberal candidates. The delegates chosenfrom Wisconsin, however, were unanimouslyin favor of indorsement, as were the dele

224 jnOGRAPHWAL REVIEW OFlaw throughout Wisconsin and adjoiningStates. In 1885 Mr. Bashford opened anoffice with Mr. Tenney, under the same firmname, in the city of Chicago, where lie wasespecially engaged in commercial law andcorporation cases.This firm enjoyed a largepractice, but Mr. Bashford did not feel physicallyable to endure the continual pressureand daily drudgery of the court room, and in1889 severed his connection with the firm inChicago and returned to Madison to resumethe practice of his profession among his oldfriends and clients. He then formed a copartnershipwith Hon. James L. O'Connor,the present Attorney-General, which stillcontinues under the firm name of Bashford,O'Connor & PoUeys, the latter having morerecently become a member of the firm.Mr. Baahfbrd's professional engagements havecalled him before the different courts of Wisconsinand Illinois, and occasionally beforethe courts of Iowa, TS'ebraska, Michigan atidMinnesota, and he has thereby become widelyknown as a lawyer throughout the Northwest.He has the reputation of being athorough, all-round lawyer, of understandinglegal remedies and how to apply tliem promptlyand efficiently in any given case, To himthe la>v as a science, when applied to humanaffairs, commands right motives, propermethods and just ends. He has been connectedwith many leading cases inthe courtsof Illinois and Wisconsin during the last tenyears, but has won his widest distinction as alawyc^r inthe prosecution of the suits againstthe former State Treasurers of Wisconsin torecover interest paid by the banks upon thedeposit of pulilic funds. He was employedas special counsel inthose suits by GovernorPeck, and. in connection with Attorney GeneralO'Connor and Senator Vilas, prosecutedthem to a successful conclusion in the ('ircuitand Supreme Courts of the State.By reasonof the large amounts involved and the prominenceof the ex-treasurers and their bondsmen,and their party affiliations, these easesattracted great attention throughout thecountry. The ground to be covered by thesuits to recover the interestmoney was, in ameasure, untrodden, and the details of theirmanagement required accurate legal knowledgeand great skill and diligence in theapj)lication of summary methods to accomplishthe highest results; and it is much tothe credit of the counsel for the State thatthey never lost a single point in any proceedingfrom the beginnin

like committees to secure legislation and toaward contracts and supervise the constructionof the works. He served as City Attorneyfrom 1881 to 1886, when he resigned,having seen, during theDANE COUNTY, WISUONSIN. 225period for which heserved, the water-works and sewers constructedand put into successful operation.He also served as a member of the Board ofWater Commissioners and as a member ofthe Board of Education for a period, untilhe resigned from each place.In the spring of 1890 Mr. Bashford waselected Mayor of the city, and was calledupon to administer affairs under rather embarrassing conditions. Tiie finances werenot sufficient to defray current expenses forthe ensuing year; and at the firstmeeting ofthe Common Council a resolution was adoptedappointing a committee, of which theMayor was named as chairman, to investigatecharges of corruption upon the part of twoof the aldermen and the chief of the fire department,in connection with the purchase ofhose for the city, during the preceding term.The investigation resulted in the expulsion ofthe two aldermen and the removal of thechief of the tire department. This was amost unpleasant task for the new Mayor, asthe delinquent officers had for a long timeenjoyed the confidence of the people, and twoof them had been his personal and politicalfriends, and every influence was brought tobear to prevent rigorous punishment. ButMayor Bashford took the ground in his reportthat " in dealing with malfeasance inoffice there can be no compromise; no halfwaymeasures can remove the evil and rootout corruption entrenched in high places."The Common Council stood as a unit in hissupport, as did also the press and people ofthe city, regardless of party.The WisconsinState Journal ofMay 27, 1890, in referringto the subject, said: " It is unfortunate thatthe necessity arose for the expulsion fromoffice of two Madison aldermen and the removalfrom his position of the chief of tliefire departmant, but all good citizens willunite in commending the Mayorand CommonCouncil for the vigor with which they haveperformed their work and for their unwaveringlabors along the line of public dnty.While deep regret must be felt that thoseclothed with official trust have l)etrayed theconfidence reposed inthem by the public, noone can be justified for any reason in winkingat corruption on the part of our public officials,no matter how well or how long theyhave served the municipality.Boodling hasbecome far too common a crime. * * *It cannot be dealt with too severely, and, asMayor Bashford has said, ' there can be nocompromise' with it. Boodling is a doublecrime, for, with the criminal act of takingmonev in payment for a corrupt

220 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFhave given a bright example for other municipalitiesto t'ollow."i^otwithstaniling the condition of thefinances of the city, Mayor Bashtbrd was enabled,by disposing of certain city lots, to purchasea stone (juai-ryfor the city and a steamroad roller, and thus provide the means for theanccessfiil prosecution of street work. Thenecessary legislation was secured to enablethe city to issue bonds for building streetcrossings, when the remainder of the workwas paid for by special assessments and athorough system of street improvements wasthen inaugurated. Work for the ensuingyear was laid out and ordered, and adequatefunds were provided anlic. He has always aimed at permanentresults, and has not sought to attaintemporary advantages by the sacrifice ofhigher but more remote ends.While devoting his attention assiduouslyto the practice of law, Mr. Basiiford couldnot avoid participating more or less in pui)-lic alfairs of a political character. He hasalways had decidedconvictions and was everready to labor for the success of his party.He has served on the city, county and Statecentral committees from time to tinu>; hasbeen a delegate to the city, county and StateConventions, and in 1884 was chosen a delegateto theNational Democratic Conventionat Chicago. It was a singular fact that hoand his colleagues and their alternates in thatconvention were all natives of the districtwhich they represented.Mr. Bashford, in 1892, was elected to theState Senate from the districtembracing thecity of Madison and the larger portion ofDane county, for a term of four years. Heentered upon the discharge of the duties ofthe office January 11, 1893, and was immediatelyappointed upon important committeesof that body. He has introduced andadvocated measures for the advancement ofthe educational and material interests of theState. In his first messaije to the CommonCouncil, Mr. Bashford stated the rule whichhe always aitns to follow,—that '• the publicwelfare isthe only safe guide for official conduct."Mr. Bashford was first married on November27, 187H, toMiss Florence E. Taylor, thedaughter of Hon. William II. Taylor, ofCottage Grove, Dane county, Wisconsin, thenGovernor-elect. She was born in that townand was then in her nineteenth year, and amember of the senior class of the State University,with which she graduated in June,1874. She departed this life August 16,1880, having boon for some years jjrior toher death a confirmed invalid. A daughter,Florence, survives. On February 7, 1889,Mr. 13ashford was united in marriage toMissSarah Amelia F'uUer. of Madison, the youngest(laughter of Morris E. F'uUer, Esq.. one ofthe loading business men and best knowncitizens of Wisconsin.Their home, celebratedfor its hospitality, is the center of a largecircle of friends who here always find a cordialwelcome and congenial associations.^^KHIAEL O'DWVER, amerchant ofI )ane, Wisconsin, was born in Tomaline,county Limerick, Ireland, in1838, a son of Thomas ()T)wyer, a native of

D^IHE WUNTY, WI,SV0NS1N. 227the same place, and a farmer and miller byoccupation. The latter married Ellen Eutlei',also a native of county Limerick, and adaughter of George and Mary (Kilbride)Butler, of the same county. They werewell-to-do farmers, and reared six sons andlive daughters. One of the sons, Georj^eButler, became a Bishop of Limerick, and aleading Nationalist. P^our of the sons,Daniel, Dennis, Patrick and William, cameto America in 1848, and three located inVienna township, Dane county, Wisconsin.William remained in this country about liveyears, and then returned to Ireland. Of theremaining three, Dennis is the only one nowliving, and who is engaged as a miner inIdaho. Mr. and Mrs. Butler departed thislife in 1880. Thomas O'Dwyer was twicemarried, and l)y the first union, with themother of our subject, reared five children,viz.: Mary Ann, who resides with our subject;Michael, whose name heads this sketch;Catherine, employed in the store with herbrother; John, a di-uggist of Omaha; andGeorge, deceased in Ireland, at the age oftwenty-five years. The father died at theage of forty-four years, and the mother atthirty-sixyears.Michael O'Dwyer, in company with histwo sisters, Mary Ann and Catherine, leftLimerick, Ireland, August 22, 1853, forAmerica, and arrived in Vienna township,Dane county, Wisconsin, November 10, ofthe same year.They sailed on the Americancraft Indus, and were sixty-three days on theocean. After landing they came by rail toDunkirk, by boat to Detroit, Michigan,thence to Chicago, by the lake to Milwaukee,and then by team to Hundred-MileGrove, Dane county. Our subject was thenfifteen years of age, and his cash capital consistedof $300. He was engaged at farmlabor with his uncles, the Butler Bros., untilISCil. Ill 1858 he purchased eighty acres ofthe capital laud, paying $2.25 per acre, andthree years afterward sold the same for $15per acre. He next bought a quarter sectionof land of his uncle for $20 per acre, goingin debt for the entire tract, and he still ownsthis land, which is now worth aljout $60 anacre. In 1874 Mr. O'Dwyer began the mercantilebusiness with his brother John, whocame to Wisconsin from Australia in 1870.The latter had been engaged in teaching inthat country for eight years. This partnershipcontinued one year, when John marriedand began the drug luisiness in Elroy, thisState.His wife soon afterward died, and hethen sold out and began the same business inOmaha. Our subject has served as TownClerk for live years, and as Postmaster sincethe administration of Hayes, with the exceptionof two years during Cleveland'sreign. He is a Republican in his politicalviews, and the family are members of theCatholic Church.May 18, 1865, by Rev. Etchmond, Mr.O'Dwyer was united in marriage with EllenDillon, a native of county Kildare, Ireland,but who came to America with her parentsin 1848. She is a daughter of William andMaria (Lalor) Dillon. The father was abrewer in Athy, Ireland, came to Americawith ample means, and lived a retired life inMadison, Wisconsin, until his death, whichoccurred in 1863, at the age of seventy-fiveyears. His wife died in 1862. Mrs. O'Dwyerhas one brother, George Dillon, in California,and two, Joseph and Jerome, in Tennessee.Oiir subject and wife have had eight children,namely: Maria, who died at the age ofeight years; Ellen, wife of M. J. Roland, ofMilwaukee; George, in the pharmacy classat the State University; Thomas, telegraph

228 BIOGRAPHIGAL REVIEW OFoperator for the Chicago & Western Railroad;Josepli, stiulying telegraphj ;Michael, Williamand Charles.fAMESBONNER,' a farmer of Danecounty, Wiscopsin, was born in Leicestershire,England, September 11, 1831,a son of James and Catherine (Hastings)Bonner, natives of the same place.When ayoung man the father was engaged in thehosiery trade, and later was a tavern and tollgatekee])er for many years. His deathoccurred in his native country at the age offorty-tive years, and the mother died in thesame place at the age of fifty-three years.They were the parents of seven children,three of whom stillsurvive.James Bonner, our subject, remained athome until his father's death, after which heworked by the month for several years. In1848 be came to America, on the Tuscora,having been seven weeks in the voyage fromLiverpool to I'hiladelphia. lie remained inthe latter city and Rhode Island for three orfour years,engaged as a carriage driver duringthe summer months, after which he purchased100 acres of land in Cross Plainstownship, Dane county, Wisconsin. Mr.Bonner has added to this purchase until henow owns 347 acres.He was married in February 5, 1857, toMiss Sarah Tatlow, a native ofPhiladelphia,Pennsylvania. Her parents came to thiscountry from England, and the father died inPhiladelphia at the age of about seventyyears. The mother still resides in that city.Mr. and Mrs. Bonner have had twelve children,six of whom still survive: Robert, married,and has one child;Henry, married, andhas three children; James, also married;Emma, the mother of two children; andDavid and Anna, at home. Our subjectvotes with the Republicanparty, and servedas Supervisor thirty-five years and Assessorfifteen years ago.an active interest^-sr.,miCHAEL F.Both he and his wife takein church work.VAN NORMAN, onel ^^ ^^^^ representative business men ofI'lt'^^^T^ Dane county, Wisconsin, was born inLuzerne county, Pennsylvania, September 19,1835, a son of Jacob and Mary (Parks) VanNorman. The father was born near Philadelphia,Pennsylvania, on the Mohawk river,in 1802, a son of Samuel and Phrebe VanNorman, natives of Holland. They came tothe United States with their parents whenvery small children, settling in Pennsylvania,and they died near Scranton, that State, thefather aged ninety-five years, and the mother,ninety years. Samuel was a farmer andminer by occupation. The father of our subject,Jacob Van Norman, was engaged in thelumber business until forty-five years of age,and then purchased 220 acres of partly improvedland in Chemung county, New York,where he remained until 1854. In that yearhe sold his land and houirht 320 acres in Iowacounty, Wisconsin, andthere remained imtilhis death, at tlie age of seventy-eight years.In his politicalrelations, he was a Democratup to the late war, when he voted for Lincoln'ssecond term. He was a prominent man, andheld many local otfices. The mother of oursubject was born in Pennsylvania, a daughterof Joseph and Rebecca Parks, who came fromNewfoundland to the United States. Theylocated first in Luzerne county, Pennsylvania,where the father died at about the age of 100years, and the mother twenty seven years

DAIfE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 239younger.The grandfather Parks was a soldierin the war of 1812, for which he afterwarddrew a pension. The family were notedfor their longevity. The mother of our subject(lied near Sioux City, Iowa, at the homeof her son, Jacob, aged eighty-four years.Mr. and Mrs. Van Norman were members ofthe Methodist Church for many years, ofwhich the former served as Class Leader, andalso took an active part in the Sunday-school.They were the parents of nine children, sevennow living, of whom two are engaged infarming, one in the ministry, and the remainderin the stock business. Two of thesons, beside our subject, were soldiers in thelate war. Peter served in the EighteenthWisconsin Infantry, Company P), remainedfrom the outbreak until its close, and cameout without a scratch. G. B., a member ofCompany H, Eighth Wisconsin Regiment,also served until the close, and was slightlywounded.. Michael F., the subject of this sketch, remainedat home until twenty-one years ofage, attending thedistrict school in the winter,and working on his father's farm duringthe summer, also studying at home to gratifyhs8 ambition for learning. He was thenemployed in teaching in the winters, andattended the Evans ville College one term.In his twenty-third year he left home, onaccount of his health, went to Kansas, andengaged in teaming forCompany.Pike's Peak ExpressWhile there he drove four mulesthat hauled a coach containing Horace Greeley,from Manhattan to Fort Riley, on thatgentleman's overland trip to California. In1860 Mr. Van Norman returned to Iowacounty, Wisconsin, rented a farm, and wasobliged to go in debt for everything hebought, on account of the failure of the StateBanks with the money saved up for his occasionmore than being worth from 10 to 40cents onthe dollar.lie remained there until the outbreak ofliie late war, when, in July, 1862, he joinedCompany E, Thirty-first Wisconsin VolunteerInfantry, under Captain -I. B. Mason,who died a short time afterward at Nashville,Tennessee. He served until the close ofhostilities, was mustered out at Louisville,Kentucky, and discharged at Madison, Wisconsin.At Atlanta, July 24, 1864, he waswounded, and remained in the hospital fourdays, when he secured transportation homeand returned to his regiment in thirty days.He was in the Division Commissary Departmentand on detached service at SmokySwamp, South Carolina, and marched throughto Washington by way of Richmond with theTwentieth Army Corps.After the close of the war Mr. Van Normanreturned home, rented a farm of 330 acres forsix years, then bought 100 acres of land inDane county, and five years later rented hisplace and moved tothe village of Middleton,where he has since been engaged in shippinghorses, cattle, etc. He is a lireeder of finehorses, and has as tine a standard l>redstallionas can be found in Wisconsin. Mr. VanNorman is doing much to improve the stockof this section, is breeding both draft andspeed horses, and has offsprings from hisstallion, which is exciting the comment andadmiration of horsemen throughout the country.In addition to his stock and town property,he also owns 216 acres of land in Danecounty, and property in Dakota. In hispolitical relations he has been a Republicansince Lincoln's second term, but usually votesfor the best man. Socially he has been amember of the G. A. R.. L. T. Park Post, atBlack Earth, for three years, and has also

230 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFbeen a member of the I.O. O. F., of Middleton,for many years.In 1860, in Iowa county, Wisconsin, Mr.Van Norman was united in marriage withCatherine Dean, who was born in Bradfordcounty, Pennsylvania, July 31, 1837, a daui^hterof Henry II. and Elizabeth (Ettlenian)Dean, also natives of that State. The fatherdied at the old home in Iowa county, Wisconsin,aifedforty fnur years, and the motherdeparted this life at Piano, Illinois, at the ageof sixty. Both families were of Germandescent.Our subject and wife have four livingchildren: Etta M.. born in February,1869, married Henry H. Whaleii, engagedwith his father-in-law in the stock business;and they have one

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 231ber of the Capital City Hook and LadderCompany, the first company ever organizedinofMadison.ifilOMAS REGAN, a citizen of Madison,Wisconsin, was born in countyW^ Sligo, Ireland, February 15, 1840, sonPatrick and Catherine (Dyer) Regan, bothborn and reared in county Sligo, where thefather was occupied as a farmer and civilengineer. Patrick Regan, the lather, hadbeen well educated at Limerick, Irelanil.He has one living brother, John, a farmer,residing in Adams county, Nebraska. Bothof the parents of our subject died in Ireland.Thomas was reared in his native country,receiving a primary education at the parishschools, but at the age of eleven years heemigrated to America. Sevei'al years werepassed at Boston, Massachusetts, but about1855 he came to Madison, Wisconsin. AtMadison he entered tlie business of plumbingand gastitting, later went to Chicago,where he completed his education in thatline. For the three following years he remainedin Cliicago, successfully engaged inhis trade. He then returned to Madison,and went into business for himself, in 1864.Mr. Regan conducted his business alone,never having a partner. Later he sold out,but after two years he bought it back again,and continued in it until Jatuiary 1, 1891, atwhich time he sold it again.At present Mr. Regan is not engaged inhis trade, as he is fully occupied in lookingalter his farmincj interests. He has been asuccessful business man, and is much respectedthroughout the city.The marriage of our subject took placeSeptember 24, 1866, inMadison, Wisconsin,to Miss Susie Pierce, a lady who was rearedat Pierceville, Wisconsin, at which placeherparents were early settlers. Mr. and Mrs.Regan have five living children, as follows:Kate M., who married Albert G. Schraedeman,of Madison; Alice S., Susie P., AnnieII. and Arthur T. Miss Susie is attendingthe university; Miss Annie the high school,and Arthur the ward school. The death ofMrs. Regan occurred Novemljer 7, 1888, atthe age of forty-eight years.Mr. Regan iiasnever desired nor held othce, being too absorbedwith lousiness cares.fENSJ. NASET, a contractor and;builderof Dane county, Wisconsin, was born inBergen, Norway, April 13, 1828, a sonof Johannes and Alan (Bardal) Naset, nativesalso of the same place. The father was afarmer and mechanic by occupation.J. J. Naset, the subject of this sketch,came with his parents to America, at the ageof seventeen years, in 1845, locating inChristiana township, Dane county, Wisconsin.For five years he worke

232 BIOGRAPniGAL REVIEW OFhad then, as he still has, an interest in thewagon factory. In 1882 a stock companywas formed, Mr. Naset was electeil vice-presidentand superintendent, which position hekept for two years.Thereafter Mr. Naset engaged in contractingand building. Among the buildingserected by him are theNorwegian LutheranSeminary, in Minneapolis; the East Churchand parsonage, on Koshkonoiig;the LutheranSeminary, in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, andmany other church buildings. He superintendedthe construction of the NorwegianLutheran College imilding in Decorah, Iowa,which cost SIOO.OOO.Mr. Naset is a Democrat in his politicalviews. He has served as Supervisor ofChristiana township for six years.In Stoughtonhe has served on the School Board, and forsix years has beenCity Treasurer.Religiously, Mr. Naset isa l^utheran, anda member of the Norwegian LutheranSynod ofAmerica, having for more than thelast tliirty years Ijeena member of its generalcouncil, and for more than nine yearsits Trustees.one ofMr. Naset, after liaving lived eighteenyears in America, made a trip to Europe,where he visited his mother country, aswellas Sweden, Denmark, Germany, and otherparts ofthe old world.Mr. and Mrs. Naset have no children oftheir own, but they liave adopted two daughters,one of whom, Ingebjorg, is the wife ofMr. O. O. Melafas, druggist in Stoughtoii;and the other, Karen, is married to Mr. OleFrederikson, a farmer inMinnesota.n ARLES M. FORESMAN, our subject,was born in Pickaway county, Ohio,September 17, 1822, and was a son ofWilliam and Mary (CruU) Foresman. Thefather was born in 1770, in Northamptoncounty, Pennsylvania, and the mother in LittleYork, Pennsylvania. Py occupation hisfather was a miller, and his father had beenthe same. He was the parent of live children,three of whom grew to maturity.Thefather emigrated from Ohio to Pennsylvaniain 1812, and there erected a mill, where oursubject learned the trade of a miller. Hehad very poor school advantages.Charles Foresman worked at the trade ofmilling until 1854, when he removed to Indianaand located near Lafayette. At thatplace he purchased a mill, but in 1859 hesold it and came to Madison, "Wisconsin, butone year later went to Milwaukee, again returningto the city of Madison, where he enteredthe land office, and remained there untilMarch, 1891.The marriage of our subject took placeDecember 14, 1847, to Miss Susan M. Nash,of Newark, Ohio, and he has afamily of fivechildren, as follows: William M., Harry A.,Addie B., Mary E. and George N. He wasbereft of his wife in November, 1874. He isa well-known man in this city, and muchrespected.fAMESCONKLIN, an enterprising businessman of Madison, was born in Burlington,Vermont, June 12, 1831. Hisfather, John Conklin, was born in countyTipperary, Ireland, and his father, MathewConklin, was also born there and spent his entirelife in his native country, but two of hissons, John and M;\thew, came to the United

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 233States and lioth settled iti Vermont. JohnConklin was reared in liisnative country andlearned the trade of blacksmith from hisfather and came to America in1829, accompaniedby his wife and one child.Tliey settledin Burlington, Vermont, and very soonMr. Conklin was appointed janitor of theVermont State University. In 1849 becametoMadison and secured the position of janitorin the Wisconsin State University, where heremained until his death, which occurred in1867. The maiden name of his second wife,mother of our subject, was Catherine O'Donnell,of the same county as her husband. Herdeath occurred in1880, after she reared fourchildren, namely: James, Edward, Margaretand John.Our subject received his education in thepublic schools of his native town, and removedto Wisconsin with his parents in 1849.There were no railroads in Wisconsin at thattime, and they catne via Lake Champlain toWhite Hall, on Champlain canal to Troy,from there on the Erie canal to Buffalo,thence by lake to Detroit, where he took thetrain for New Buffalo. From there he wentby lake to Milwaukee, whence heproceededby team to Madison. For two years he carriedthe mail from Madison to Prairie duSac, and from Madison to Monroe. He wasthen employed in teaming for one year. In1854, as he had been very industrious andsaved his earnings, he was able to purchase ateam and begin active business for himself.In that same year he began to buy wheat andsell coal. In 1864 Neeley Gray took him asa partner and they continued the businessuntil the death of Mr. Gray, in 1867, whenMr. Gray'a sons succeeded to their father'sinterest inthe business, which was continueduntil 1881, when Mr. Conklin and his sonassumed charge, and have continued to runthe establishment ever since.In addition to his above mentioned luisinessMr. Conklin isinterested in other enterprises.In 1873 he bought and retained fortwo years an interest in the ice business. In1882 he purchased the plant. The ice-houseson Lake Mendota have a capacity of 5,000tons, and another housea capacity of 1,000 tons.on Monona lake hasMl-, (lonklin married in 1S54, Miss MaryEgan, liornin Canada, dauo;liter of Jolm Eagan,a native of Ireland.Mr. and Mrs. Conklinhave five children, namely: James IC.,Mathew H., Margaret E., Mary B. and JohnW. The family are all members of St.Hapliael's Church.In politics our subject is a prominentDemocrat, and has served six years as a memberof the City Council, representing theFirst Ward. He also served several years asa member of the Board of Education, fourterms as Mayor, and in 1884 was elected tothe State Senate, where he served on severalimportant committees, one ofwhich was theCommittee on Claims. During his term ofservice as Mayor the present fine system ofwater-works was introduced, and much creditis due him for his able manner in which hesuperintended the enterprise.4^^ANIEL W. TOMPKINS, one of theearly settlers of the county, residing inBlooming Grove township, was born inNew Bedford, Massachusetts, January 14,1832. His father, Joseph Tompkins, wasl)orn on the line between the States of Massachusettsand Rhode Island and his father,Gideon Tompkins was, as far as is known, anative of the same locality, where he owned

234 BIOORAPniCAL REVIEW OFa farm on l)oth sides of the State line andliere it was that he spent his last years. Thefather of our sul)ject learned the trade ofpainter and in 1834 he removed tolSew YorkState, where he followed his trade someyears. lie then removed to Newport, RhodeIi-huid, and there spent his last years. Themaiden name of the mother of our subjectwas .\nn F. lii'own, born in Massachusetts,died iti New York.Oui- subject attended tiie public school ofhis section, remaining with his parentsuntil1848, when lie started for Wisconsin, viarailroad to Ijullak), lakes to Milwaukee, fromwhich city Madison was reached by stage.The •• capital city '' was but a small place atthat time and the surrounding country wasbut little improved and deer and other kindsof wild game roamed unrestrained. Mr.Tompkins soon found employment as a farmlal)orer and alter a few years ofworking forOthers, he settled on the farm he still ownsand occupies. This is a fine tract of hind,170 acres in extent, well improved.Mr. Tompkins married, November 17,1S54. I'jiuline Kegina Kohn. born in Wittenburg.Germany. Her father, John Kohn,was born in the same locality and by professionwas a physician, having early turned hisattention to the study of medicine, and graduatif.gas a physician and surgeon. lie])rii(:ti('ed his calling in Wittenburg until1851, when lie set sail from Havre, May 18,1851, on the " William Tell," for America.This vessel held 730 passengers and landedtliein in New York, June 13, 1851. Dr.Kohn located in Sauk City, Wisconsin,wluMH! he bought six lots. Here he practiceduntil his death. The maiden name of hiswife, mother of Mrs. Tompkins was ChristianaC. Ijaumaan, born in the same locality asher husband. After his death Mrs. Kohnwent to Kansas and spent the remainder ofher lifein that State with a daughter.Mr. and Mrs. Tompkins have eight children,namely: Jo.seph B., Emily B., CharlotteC. C, Ann F.. Julius E., Robert F.,Marian O. and Lucy E. Mr. and Mrs.Tomj)kins are members of the MethodistEpiscopal Church and Mr. Tompkins is aRepublican in politics. Our subject and hisgood wife are leading members of the localsociety and are highly respected by all whoknow them.t^ ^^f.T^ILLIAM MINCII, a prominent mer-X*lWk\J| chant of J*aoli, dates his residence in["SIstS Dane county, Wisconsin, from 1854.He was born in Rlieiii Pfalz, l!a\aria, June22, 1845. being a son of Hernani and FranciskaMinch, who were born respectively,January 23, and October 24, 1815. Thefather of our subject was a farmer and carriedon an agricultural life in his native landuntil 1854, when he came to the UnitedStates. The family landed in New Yorkcity in April, and at once started for Wisconsin.They wore able to come as far asStoughton, Wisconsin by rail, and then tookwagons to Madison. At once Mr. Minch])iin'liast'(l eighty acres of land in Montrosetownship. \\ this time the laixl here wasalla wilderness, the land entirely unimprovedand covereii with timber. As quickly aspossible a log cabin was erected for the protectionof the family and Mr. Mincli beganthe improvement of his farm. He hailabout $S00 in money and his family did notendure as many hardships as did those whocame entirely without means. He continuedtilling the soil until 1876, when he retiredfrom active labor, but still resides on the

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 335farm, which now consists of 180 acres of wellimproved land. He is an adherent of theDemocratic party, but only takes enough interestin it to vote. Both parents were membersof the Roman Catholic Church. Theyreared a family of five girls and one boy, asfollows: Catherine, married to Frank Meng,and resides in Mazomanie, Wisconsin; Salome,married Jacob Schroeder and residesin Middleton, where she is Postmistress; Barbaramarried Jacol) Strieker and resides inMiddleton; Elizabeth married Fred Sanerand resides on the old home.stcad, and Gertrudemarried Anthony Schillinger and residesin Mazomanie.Our subject was the only son of the familyand third in order of birth. He was onlynine nears of age when the family came tothe United States, was reai'ed on tlie farmand was taught in the district school. Atthe age of twenty-three years he married BarbaraFischer, a daughter of John andCatherineFischer.She was also born in Bavaria,in the same town as her husband and camewith her parents to America on the same vesselwith theMinch family. They also settledin Montrose township, where they havepassed their remaining years. After marriageresided nearly two years on the farmwith his parents, and then established a generalmercantile business. In this he wasassociated with Jacob Schroeder, as partner,and the firm name was Mincli & Schroeder.The business was carried on until the deathof Mr. Schroeder in1875, but Mrs. Schroederretained an interest in the business until1879, at which time our subject became soleproprietor and is now one of the successfulmerchants of the county, carrying a generaland excellent stock of 2oods. Mr. and Mrs.Minch have three sons and two daughtersliving, one daughter, Lena, having died atthe age of thirteen years.Tlie names of theliving children are: Carl, Jacob, Salome,Lizzie and William. In politics Mr. Minchis a Democi-at, Imt would not willingly acceptpublic office. All his life he has beenactively occupied in business, for five yearsconducting a hotel at Faoli. lie receivedfrom his father §1,000, and by good judgmentincreased this by successful investment.Being upright and industrious he has succeededin whatever he has undertaken.^HrREDERICK STICKNEY. P( stmas.er of1^1 Mazomanie, was born in Lancaster,"3^ New Hampshire, January 8, 1836, ason of Jacob E. and Martha (Goss) Stickney.The Stickney family trace their ancestry bydirect descent from the family of Normanswho crossed the British ciuinnel with Williamthe Conqueror, when he subjugated theBritish Isles. The Normans spelled thename De Stickney, but of late generationsthe prefix has been dropped. The city ofStickney in England is named in honor ofthe early members of this family.They firstcame to the United States in 1(520, locatingin Rowley, Massachusetts. The faujily havealways l)een patriotic, and one member, JohnStickney, was with General Warren in thefamous battle of Blinker Hill. They havealso taken part in allother wars of our country.The father of our subject, the late Dr.Stickney, was born in Brownsfield, Massachusetts,April 5, 1797, was one of twelvechildren, and was educated at Bowdoin College,atBrunswick, Maine.Frederick Stickney, the subject of thissketch, came to Wisconsin in 1853, and entrainedwith his brother in the mercantilebusiness at Fall River. One year later he

236 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFfound employment with Iloton's ExpressCompany, afterward merged into the AmericanExpress Company, in Milwaukee, andthe following year began work in the railroadoftice in Mazomaiiie, under his brother, J.B., also engaged in buying wheat. In August,1862, Mr. Stickney enlisted inthe latewar, in Company F, Twenty-fourth WisconsinInfantry, and served with the Army ofthe Cumberland until the close of thestruggle,and took part inall the engagements andmarches in which that great army figured.He was mustered out of service in June,1865. In 1868 he was appointed postalclerk on the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paulrailroad, serving inconsecutive years.this capacity for eigliteenIn 1889 he was appointedPostmaster of Mazomanie, under Harrison,and still holds this position. Mr. Stickneyalso owns a small farm in the vicinity ofMazomanie, which is cultivated by his eldest80D.December 25, 1866, our subject was unitedin marriage witii Sarah Campbell, a native ofHellevue, Ohio, and who came to Wisconsinwlien 3'oung. They have live children,namely: Percy, born in 1870; Mal)e] W., in1871; Martiia G., in 1872; and Lucile, in1885. Mr. Stickney affiliates with the Republicanparty, has taken an active part inmany campaigns, hut has never sought publicoffice.[EORGE BUNKER, one of the oldestsettlers of the Territory of Wisconsin,secretary of the Kreuz Curtis ShoeCompany, was born in the town of De liuyter,Madison county, New York. His father,Gorliam Hunker, was, it is thought, born infather of our subject was a sea captain, in thewhaling business, and served many years.He and his wife were Quakers, and rearedtheir children in the same faith. The fatherof our subject learned the trade of blacksmithand molder. In the spring of 1837he came to the Territory of Wisconsin tosearch out a location. He claimed a tract ofGovernment land, in what is now the townof East Troy, Walworth county, and thereerected a log building. Then he went toChicago and followed his trade until the fall,at which time he went back to New York forhis family, returning to Chicago tiiat samefall, making the removal by the most convenientand expeditious way, which was viathe canal to Biiffallo, thence by lake to Toledo,and by team to Chicago. The latter wasthen but a small place and here the familyremained until the spring of 1838, and thenstartedby team to their future home, followingan Indian trail up Fox river. The familymoved into the log cabin that the father hadbuilt and this served as their first home inWisconsin. It was from necessity that thefather followed his trade of blacksmith, andthe people came from niany miles away toget work done. In later years he devotedColaml)ia county, New York. Tiie grand- Deer and other kinds of wild animals were1hisentire time to his farm and resided thereuntil his death. The maiden name of themother of our subject was Rachel Russell,born in New York of Quaker parents. Siiespent her last years in Walworth county, onthe old home place, where she reared sevenchildren, as follows: ^lary, George, Henry,Harriet, Jane, William and Clarissa.Our sul)ject was thirteen years old whenhe came AYest with his parents. At thattime the Territory of Wisconsin was jiracticallyunsettled, save by the Indians, and tiieland was all owned by tlie Government.

l)A^E GOUNTF, WISCONSIN. 237plentiful, and roved at will.Our suliject attendedthe pioneer school, and the first ofthese were taught in the log schoolhouse.He assisted on the farm and resided with hisparents until twentj-one jears of age, whenhe went to Milwaukee and was engaged in alumber yard for about one year. The followingtliree years he was engaged in farming inWalworth county, except in the winter seasons,whicli lie spent in the lumber regions ofMichigan. Following that he went toChicago and eni^aired in the wholesale lumbertrade one year, then to White Water, Wisconsin,where he engaged in the lumber businessuntil 18G8; then came to Madison andconducted a business here for about twenty-•five years, when he sold out and has sincelived practicallyOctober 11,retired.1819, he married Miss FannieHulbert, a native of New \^ork, and a daughterof Levi Uulljert. Mr. and Mrs. Bunkerhave three children, namely: Charles HMary and Laura. Mr. Bunker is a prominentDemocrat of the county and severalterms has served as a member of the CityCouncil from theHM.Fourth Ward.TUFtNER, president of theDaneCounty Bank, was born in Chautau-® qua county. New York, January 4,1838, a son of (Tcorge H. and Mary (Watson)Turner, both Itorn and reared in Massachusetts.Tiie father was a physician byprofession, and he and his \yifehad only oneson, our snbject. When the latter was onlyeighteen months old the mother died, afterwhich the i'ather renuirrieil, and l)y the lastunion there were three childi-en.O. M. Turner came to Wisconsin at tiieage of nine years, where he remained on a17farm in Dunkirk township until sixteen yearsold. He was given a good common schooleducation, also attending the Albion and MiltonAcademies about three years.In April,1861, he enlisted for the late war, in CompanyK, First Wisconsin Infantry, underCaptain L. Fairchild, of Madison, and servedwith Patterson. After the battle of FallingWater Mr. Turner was mustered out ofservice, and returned to Wisconsin. Fortwenty-nine years he was einployed as agentfur the St. Paul company at McGregor, Milwaukeeand Stoughton, and was also engagedin the tobacco and lumber trade in Stoughton.In 1871 he embarked in the real-estatebusiness in this city, later in Minnesota andCalifornia; in 1877 organized the StoughtonState Bank, where he remained until 1881,and in that year organized the Dane CountyBank. He was elected its first president,and the bank now has a capital of $60,000.Mr. Turner is also president of the StoughtonMilling Company. He votes with theProhibition party.Our subject was married May 16, 1865, toSarah E. Stoughton, a daughter of Luke S.and Eliza (Paige) Stoughton. The fatherwas the founder of the city of Stoughton,Mr. and Mrs. Turner have had five children:Mary Ada; Luke Lynn, deceased at the ageof nine years; Giles McClure, Roy S. andPaul Boynton. Giles is a student in theUniversity offUDSONWisconsin.FRANCIS, a well-known residentof Blooming Grove, was born inRoyalton, (.'uyahoga county, Ohio, June8, 1855. His father, Daniel, was born inthe same place, and his grandfather, ThomasFrancis, was a native of Massachusetts, mar-

3:i-S BIOGHAPUWAL HEVIEW OFrieilHetsey Davis and removed to Oliio withan ox team, becoming one of tlie first settlersof lioyalton. Their daughter Rhoda was thefirst white child born there. He bought atract of Government land, alltimber, built alog house in the wilderness, and commencedat once to improve his farm. There wereneither railroads nor canals for many years,and Cleveland, then a small place, was themarket for supplies. Deer and other kindsof game were plentiful. He cleared a farmand resided there until his death.The fatherof our subject was reared nn a farm, whichlie cultivated, and also raised stock. Hensed to buy in Michigan, and market inOhio. His home for his entire life was inhis native county, where he died in 1889, inhis si.Kty-ninth year. The maiden name ofthe mother of our subject was Maria Burrington,born in the same town as her husband,daughter of Jonathan Burrington, anddied in 18G3. Nine of her children grewtomaturity.Our subject was reared in his native town,residing on the home farm until his twentythirdyear, when he entered the employ ofthe Standard Oil Company. In 1S82 hecame to Dane county, where he has been aresident ever since, locating in 1889 on hisfather-in-law's farm, where he now resides.Ho was married in 1885, to Miss HelenVanlioesen, born in Fitchburg, Dane county,"Wisconsin. Her father, Daniel L., was bornin Augusta, Oneida county. New York, .1 uly11, 1818, and his father and grandfatherwere born in Kinderhook, New York, ofearly Holland ancestry. The maiden nameof the grandmother of Mrs. Francis wasMary Wessells, of New York. Tiie fatherof Mrs. Francis resided in New York until1854, then came to Wisconsin, buying afarm in the town of Fitchburg, resided theremany years, later bought the farm where thesubject now resides, in Blooming Grove.This is one of the best improved farms in thecounty, and here Mr. Van Hoesen resideduntil his death, in 1891. The maiden nameof his wife, mother of Mrs. Francis, wasFrances Darling, born in New York, daughterof Chester and Lucy (Root) Darling.She died in May, 1892. Mr. Van Hoesenwas prominent in public afl'airs, and servedas Assessor and Supervisor; was successfulas a farmer, and acquired a handsome competency.Mr. and Mrs. Francis have twochildren, Harley B. and Ray G. In hispolitical views he is a Republican.AVID D. LOGAN, a merchant ofBlack Earth, Wisconsin, was born inOnondaga county. New York, August29, 1832, a son of John and Ann (Emmerson)Logan. The mother was born in Bristol,England, and came to America in 1817. Thefather first saw the light of day in Ireland,where his father, an officer in the Britisharmy, was temporarily located on duty. Hisancestors were from England and Scotland.He began life for himself as a tailor, but followedthis occupation only a short time.Theparents came to Wisconsin in 1840, locatingin liacine county, where the father engagedin the hotel business. They reared a familyof si.xchildren, four sons and two daughters,and those now living are:Thoitias E., a merchantof Boise City, Idaho: David D., oursubject;and Enima, now ^Irs. Carpenter.David D. Logan received only a limitededucation, ami at the age of seventeen yearshe engaged in general merchandising in Walworthcounty, Wisconsin. He next followedthe hotel tuisiness at Little I'rairie, same

DANE COONTY, \YIt

240 BIOQRAPniCAL REVIEW OFtown Board of Supervisors, and member ofCounty Board, three terms as Assessor, representedhis district in tiie Centennial Legislaturein 187G; was Assistant Sergeant-at-Arms in 1878, a member of the State Conventioneight different times, and attendedthe last one atMilwaukee, which nominatedJohn C. Spooner as Governor of Wisconsin.He is now serving his seventh term as Justiceof the Peace, and isTownship and County Board.also Chairman of theMr. Seamonson was married November 1,1865, to Handy Christopher, who was bornin Norway, December 4, 1839. She cameto America in 1850, locating on section IC,this township. They have one child living,Charles S., assisting his father on the farm.They lost two children by death, CorneliaChristine, deceased in 1874, at the age ofeight years; and one who died in infancy.The mother departed this life in December.1873, and October 22, 1876, Mr. Seamonsonmarried Isabelle T. Gullikson, of PleasantSpring township, and a daughter of TostonGullikson, born April 28, 1854. To thisunion has been born six children, viz.: KandyC, born January 17, 1878; Thomas A., August1, 1879; William A., September 6,1881; Matilda G.. August 22, 1883; SimonO., born December 22, 1885, died the followingday; Belle Ida. born September 30,1887; and Nellie J., August 14, 1890. Socially,Mr. Seamonson is a member of theG. A. R., Stoughton Post, and religiously,affiliates with tlie-^y\/\fLfir-Lutheran Church.-q/l/lyxy^a.EXANDEIi M(:(.'AUGirN, a farmer of\\^\ Dane town.'^liip, Dane countj.was born^^ in county Antrim, Ireland, July 12,1822, a son of Charles and Sarah (Christy)McCaughn, natives also of that conntry.Thefather followed the blacksmiths* trade duringhis entire life, and his death occurred in Irelandin 1837, at the age of si.xty years. Themother survived her husband many years,dying in Delaware county. New York, at theage of about eighty years. They were theparents of live sons and three daughteas, ofwhom our subject is the j'oungest child.The latter came to America in the springof 1841, at the age of nineteen years. liecame on the sail vessel Francis D. Paul, anAmerican three-master in the cotton trade,and they were six weeks from Liverpool toNew York city, having been driven out oftheir course by a heavy storm of three weeks.Mr. McCaughn immediately joined his brotherWilliam in Delaware county, who had cometo this country twofound work in the hay fields.years previous, and soonlie spent fourteenyears in that county, and thirteen yearsof that time was employed by one man, for-!nerly a sailor. lie succeeded in saving $1,000from his monthly earnings, but afterward lostS200. In the fall of 1855 he purchased 120acres ot land in West Point township, Columbiacounty, Wisconsin, for which he jiaid$800. Two years afterward he sold thatplace for $1,700, to be paid for in wheat atseventy-five cents per bushel, and at tlierateof $200 a year. This was considered a wildliargain, but he sold his wheat at $2 to S2.75per bushel. After selling his land Mr. Mc-Caughn immediately came to this place andbought 120 acres of his sister-in-law, forwhich he paid $2,000. He bought the placefor timber land, but the timber had beenmostly stolen. He was obliged to go iti ilebtfor this place, paying seven percent interest,and the first year he borrowed the money topay the interest, paying ten per cent on thethe latter. Our subject now owns 2Q0 acres

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 241of fine land, but for the past year lie hasrented his entire place. When he came tothis State there were no regiilai' laid roads,and his dwelling was a small tVame cabin.He erected his present frame house in 1861,at the beginning of the late war. AlthoughMr. McCaughn took no part in that struggle,he aided materially with his means. Politically,he affiliates with the Republican party.In 1856 our subject was united in marriagewitli Margaret Steele, a native ofDelaware county, New York, and a daughterof Robert Steele, a farmer by occupation.She departed this life in 1874, at the age offifty years, and three years afterward Mr.McCaughn married Miss Mahala Steele, a nativeof Baraboo, and a daughter of SamuelSteele, who was born in Delaware county.New York. The latter was a brother of Mr.McCaughn's first wife. To this union hasbeen born five sons: Charles, deceased ininfancy; William A., aged fourteen years;Kolla, twelve years; Emery, nine years; andHoward, five years.fOSEPHFINGER, deceased, was born inPrussia, Germany, in 1816. He wasreared to farm life, received a goodconimoD school education, and remained athome with his parents until 1854. In thatyear he came on a sailing vessel toAmerica,landing in New Y'ork after a voyage of twomonths, with comparatively little means. Ashort time afterward he bought eighty acresof land in Bristol township, Dane county,Wisconsin, for which he paid $900. Thirtyacres of the land was cleared, and on whichwas a small log house, where they liegaii theirpioneer life.Mr. Finger added to his originalpurchase until he owned 100 acres,erected a good residence, barns, etc., and remainedthere until his death, August 2, 18S5.He was buried in the Catholic cemetery atEast Bristol.In 1884 he was united in marriage withAgatha Dreps. They reared a family ofeight children, viz.:Mary, of La Crosse, Wisconsin;Catherine, wife of Fred Krich, ofAppleton, this State; Ferdinand, of CampDouglas; Henry, of North Leeds; Joseph, ofMadison; Agatha, of Albany, Minnesota;Anton, of Hampden, Columbia count}', Wisconsin;and Theresia, at home. For a shorttime after the father's death the farm wasconducted by a son, but since that time, incomjiany with her daughter, Mrs. Finger hasmanaged the entire place. The children haveall receiveda good education, and the familyare members of the Catholic Church.U^,^'^OLONEL AUGUSTUS A.BIRD, oneof the first and most noted settlers ofMadison, paid the debt of Nature, February25, 1870. He was born April 1, 1802,in Thetford, Vermont, and was a son of SamuelH. and Tabitha Bird, and a grandson ofIra Bird, whose father emigrated from Englandbefore 1730, and settled in Virginia.His mother was a daughter of Dr. Burgoyne,a nephew of General Burgoyne, and a Majorin the British army. When our subjectwas only three years of age the father movedwith his family to Madison county. NewYork.In April, 1824, he was married in thetown of Westmoreland, New York, to MissCharity Le Clair, a daughter of Louis LeClair, a Frenchman. In 1826, Mr. Birdmoved with his family to Ann Arbor, Michigan,where he remained a little over two

242 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFyears, and then moved back to Madisoncount}', New York. In 1836, lie moved toMilwaukee, Wis^consin, and there engagedenergetically in the business of building, asbe had early acquired the profession of builderand architect, and long and successfullyfollowed it at Utica, New York. In Milwaukeehe was appointed one of the threecommissioners for the erection of the Territorialcapitol, at Madison, and was the activeand efticient man on the board. OnJune 1, 1837, Colonel Bird, at the head ofabout forty workmen and a train of fourwagons, loaded with provisions, tools andother articles, started fortlie Fonr Lakes, thepresent site of Madison. There was then noroad and the party was obligedto make onefor themselves. They had an old map and acompass, and by perseverance and energyColonel Bird and his party were (Miabled topursue their route, chopping their waythrough the forest, building long corduroyroads over swamps, and fording orbridgingstreams. They forded Bock river at Johnsonrapids, near where Watertown now standsand forded the Crawfish, at Milford. Formany uncomfortable days and nights theypushed onward, cheered by the luxuriance ofnature by day, the music of the wolves bynight, and sustained by an unconquerablespirit.There has since sprung up along thisroute the flourishing villages of Summit,Watertown, Milford, Hanchettville and SunPrairie, anirdlaid out the city of the Four Lakes withthis small nucleus. He was always an enthusiasticadmirer of Wisconsin, and wasvery instrumental in Imilding up ^ladisonand Milwaukee. IJe was an arcliitect andbuilder, and among the monuments of hisskill were the old capitol building, the oldMadison House, the American Hotel, thefirst courthouse, the south building of theuniversity, and the first dejxit.Colonel Bird was frequently honoredpositions of trust, and inwith1837-'38 he was apartner in a mercantile firm in Madison, with

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 243Governor Doty, James Morrison and JohnF. U'Neil, the settlement of the affairs ofwhicli involved a litigation of aliunt twentyyears. In 1851, and in 1856, he was chosento represent the Madison district in the Legislature,served the city asone of the earliestMayors, was the first Sheriff of Dane county,and became well known to the pi-ominentmen of the Territory and State. In theprime of life he was a man of much energyof character, and was well fittedby his hardihoodof character for a pioneer. lie passedthrough many hardships and privations.Colonel Bird left a wife, and several children,who have reached maturity and areengagedin different walks of life. Three ofhis sons are connected with newspapers inthis State and elsewhere, and are now in positionsof usefulness and prominence. ColonelBird was possessed of a warm nature,generous to a fault, kind to the poor, andhonest and upright in his dealings. He wasa prominent member of the Masonic order.His death occurred very suddenly, at theresidence of his son-in-law, Mr. J. Starkweather,at Green 13ay, Wisconsin, where hebad been making a visit. He is supposed tohave died from the effect of cancers of vvhiclihe had several near his heart. In his deathWisconsin lost one ofher noted and influentialpioneers.< -m^ ^|STES WILSON, interested in gold andand silver mining in Colorado for manyyears, our subject passed a busy life,hut is now retired from active business. In1882 Mr. Wilson was made the first presidentof the Badger State Mining and MillingCompany. The mines which this companyoperated hadbeen known as the Badger Statemines, and are located near Red Cliffs,Eaglecounty, Colorado, and are considered veryvaluable, having been worked for considerabletime. The climate of Colorado did notagree with Mr. Wilson, and he was obligedto return to his home at Madison. He hadfirst located in Madison, March 16, 1854,since which time he has engaged occasionallyin farming.Mr. Wilson was born in Belchertown,Hampshire county, Massachusetts, January30, 1820. He grew up as a farmer boy, andlater took charge of a large brick manufactoryat Springfield, Massachusetts, where he wasengaged some ten years. This businessproved very profitable, and with the moneywhich he realized from it became to Madison,Wisconsin, and invested in land. December6, 1850, he left New York city on a vesselfor San Francisco^ via Isthmus ofPanama,andi after landing in California, engaged inplacer and river mining at Mud and DiamondSpi'ing, California. After one year he wasforced to return on account of the fever,taking passage on the Vanderbilt line. Onhis return trip he passed through all the interestingincidents of such a passage, andobtained a very good idea of the country atthat time.Three brothers, Jolm, Jacob and J osephcame to this country prior to theMr. Wilson came of an old English family.Revolutionarywar, and settled in Massachusetts, fromwhicli state their descendants have scatteredover the Union. The family has been prominentwherever it is found. The father, EstesWilson, Sr., was the son of Nathan Wilson,who lived and died in Hampshire county,Massachusetts. The death of the latter occurred from an accident. He fell from liiswagon and ran a sjJinter into his foot,whichcaused gangrene, and death resulted. His

244 BIOGRAPHICAL HE VIEW OFson, tlie father of our subject, was born,reared and lived in Hampshire county until1870, when he came to Illinois and located atFarmer City, dying atthe house of a daughter,Mrs. Baggs, aged seventy-six years. Inhis religious belief he was a Methodist; inpolitics he was formerly a Whig, and thenbecame a Republican. The mother of oursubject was named Sarah Currier, who wasborn, reared and married in Hampshire county,Massachusetts, of which state her parentswere natives. She died at the home of herdaughter in De Witt county, Illinois, in1878, when over seventy-two years of age.She had been a woman of noble character,and was a member of the Metiiodist EpiscopalChurch. Our subject is one of a largefamily, of whom six children are yet living.He is the oldest son, but a sister is still older,and is yet living. AVhile living in Springfield,Massachusetts, he was married to JaneM. Ingalls, a native of New Hampshire, whowas reared in Vermont until young womanhood,and then came toMassachusetts, whereshe met and married Mr. Wilson. She wasa talented young lady, and after graduatingfrom an institution of learning in Boston,Massachusetts, she became a medical student,and graduated from a medical college inBoston, and began to practice in the oldhusband, and began to practice inschool. She came West in 1854, with herthe Homeopathicschool. She has had much successand a very large practice, both in the cityand vicinity. She has become quite wellknown and although now well along in life,she has not ceased her labors for the Ijenefitof those about her. She has made a successof the profession in which she had few companionsat the time she entei-edMr. and Mrs. Wilson have many friends inthis county, and Mrs. Wilson is a member ofit.of the Congregational Church of Madi-^on.They are the parents of one daughter, MaryJ., who is the wife of Mr. Earl De Moe, andlives in Chicago. He is now in the UnitedStates mail service, with which he has beenconnected for nearly twenty years. He andhis wife have one son. Earl Wilson, a youngman of twenty- two years of age.Mr. Wilson has been a member of theCity Council for some years. He is a Republicanin politics, and is a Master Mason, belongingto Hiram Lodge, No. 50. Mr. Wilsonhas an interest as a stockholder in a valblegold mine in Colorado. This mine isone of the largest and deepest inthe State ofColorado, being over a third of a mile indepth, and is worked night and das- the yearround by a large forceof men.Mr. Wilson has recently retired to Chicago,and makes his home atNo. 23 Best avenue.There is a family Bible possessed by Mr.and Mrs. Wilson, and is valued as a relic,being fully 150 years old. It was broughtfrom England by the brothers who first cameto thiscountry, one of whom, Joseph, in 1775,returned to Enj'land.LEXANDER FINDLAY, one of theleading grocery men of the city ofMadison is the subject of this sketch.His business amounts to many thousands ofdollars and the value of his stock, includinggroceries, baker supplies and illuminatingoils would surprise those who do not lookinto those matters.His sales aggregate from§85,000 to 11100,000 annually.The subject was born in Scotlaml in 1S3Sand his parents, most respectable andintelligentpeople, resided in KincardineshireScotland, and lived and died there. For

DANE COUNTY, WISCONfilN. 345years Louis Findlay, the father, was a fishcnrer and dealer and was prominent in tiiebusiness in his home town. Tlie Ijusinesswliich lie established is still conducted by hisson William.The first one of the Findlay family tobreak away from home ties was a brother ofour subject, Roliert Findlay. He came toAmerica it 1856 and a few years later hemoved to Montana and died there in 1868 inthe prime of life. He had met with successin his undertakinffs and one of his descendantsnow lives in Kansas.AVhen our subjectchose an occupation he decided to be anapothecary and served his time in that inGlasgow, Scotland. Later he became engagedin managing an American produce businessin Scotland, and for seven years before cominghere he conducted it.In 1863 our subject came to this countryand located in Madison, where he has sinceshown himself one of her best and mostreliable citizens. One of the causes whichbrought Mr. Findlay to America was theloss sustained on a cargo of Grain from NewYork to Glasgow, Scotland. This was duringthe civil war. The vessel which containedthis grain was the Crenshaw, a ship that hadmade itself famous as a blockade runner pastCharleston, South Carolina.a clearance paper from the BritishAlthough it hadconsul, theAlabama sunk it, cargo and all. Captain Semmesclaiming that the "Yankees were gettingtoo smart!" After Mr. Findlay reachedMadison, in 1863, he joined his brotherRobert as a drug andgrocery merchant andhas increased his business facilities from timeto time until in 1881 he found it necessary toerect the large Findlay block on King street.This large and convenient buildingis occupiedalmost entirely by Mr. Findlay himself, ashe is the lai'gest dealer in his line in thecity.Our subject was mari-ied in Scotland toMiss Catherine P^lint, of Glasgow, Scotlandwho was a young lady of excellent family. Mr.and Mrs.F'indlay are the parents of the followingfour children: Paul, who conducts hisfather's business since Mr. Findlay has somewhatwithdrawn from active life, marriedMiss Bodenstein; Margaret D. is at home;Esther is married, and Mary is still at home.fllARLESSTDAPtT SHELDON, A.M., M. I)., Madison. Wisconsin.—Thesubject of this sketch was born at NewYork Mills, Oneida county. New York,January14, 1842, the son of Stephen Smithand Lemira (Harris) Sheldon. His parentswere married at Rupert, Vermont, andremoved first to eastern Massachusetts andsubsequently to New York Mills, where hisfather was secretary of the New York MillsManufacturing Company. Mr. Siieldon'shealth failing he purchased a farm nearBrockport,New York, where he removed withhis family when the subject of this sketchwas three years old.After reaching a suitable age, Charlesassisted in the work on the farm during thesummer months and attended school duringthe winters, so continuing until he graduatedfrom the Brockport Collegiate Institute in1858. In the fall of the same year he beganhis studies at Phillips Academy, Andover,Massachusetts, then under the care of thateminent scholar. Dr. Samuel H. Taylor andgraduated in the following; summer. In thefallof 1859, with a majority of his Andoverclassmates, he entered the classical departmentof Yale ('ollege, at which he graduated

246 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFin 1863.This class was the largest that hadever tjradnated from Yale and containedmany who are now widely known for theirusefnlness and ability.Among them may bementioned, lion. William C. Whitney, ex-Secretary of the Navy, and Professor WilliamG. Sumner of Yale College. Our subjectreceived the degree of A. M. in 1866.After graduation, our subjectremoved toMadison, Wisconsin, where his parents hadpreviously gone, and in the fall of 1863accepted tlie position of principal of tiieFirst Ward (Trainniar School, where he taiightuntil the following June. At tiiat time hebecame the principal of the State lieformSchool at Waukesha, Wisconsin, where heremained until January, 1865. He thenbegan the study of medicine at Buffalo, NewYork, in the medical department of theBuffalo University. He attended three coursesof lecture.s and graduated in February, 1867,with the degree of M. D.Daring the periodof his studies at Buffalo he acted in the capacityof resident physician to the BuffaloGeneral Hospital, remaining until the fall1867, when he went to New York city forthe purpose of attending a course of lecturesat the College of Physicians and Surgeons,and inthe spring of 1868 he graduated fromthat institution, receiving an ad-eundein,deifree of M. U.Our subject's first choice of location forthe practice of his profession was at Winona,Minnesota, where he removed soon aftergraduating at New York. He here spentthree years, gaining many warm friends andsucceeding admirably in his practice. InJanuary, 1872, he left Winona and removedwith his family to Greenville, Michigan, andhere formed a partnership for the practiceof medicine with Dr. John Avery, for manyyears past president of the Michigan StateofBoard of Health and at present a member ofCongress from the Greenville district. Heremained in Greenville for thirteen years,building up a large practice and activelyengaging in the alfairs of the place.twelve years of his residence inDuringthis place liewas Superintendent of the CongregationalSunday-school.In March, 1885, Dr. Sheldon removed toMadison where he has since practiced his professionmost successfully. He has been secretaryof the Central Wisconsin Medical Societyfor the past six years, and secretary of theState Medical Society for the past three years.He is the medical nominator of the EquitableLife Assurance Society of New York forSouthern Wisconsin and is a menber of theCouncil of the American Academy of Medicine.He also served on the Board of Examinersfor pensions at Madison from January1, 1889 until June 14 of the same year. Hefinds time among the engrossing cares of asuccessful practice to be an occasional contributorto the medical journals.Politically the doctor is a Republican, buthe has never sought politicalhas never held office.prominence andDr. Sheldon was marriedat Buffalo, New York, October 30, 1868,to Miss Emma L. Hodge, of thatplace, nieceof William Hodge of that place, one of theearly settlers of Buffalo.Mrs. Sheldon gra

DANE VOUNTT, WISCONSIN. 247and Helen Miriam, born Deceinl)er 3, 1884.earnestly sympathized with his desire, itwasDr. and Mrs. Slieldon areineinberfi of theCongregational Church and are both activelyeumicred in the work. The Doctor is one ofthe Deacons of the ciiurch and was for liveyears Superintendent of the Sunday-school.He is known for his public spirit and is deeplyinterested and actively engaged in temperanceand all other movements, which have fortheir object the benefit ofthe community atimpossible for them to render him any assistance.In the summer of 1S56, when alittle more than twenty-one years of age, hedecided to prepare for college. The princi-]3al of the Denmark Academy, Mr. II. K.Edson, encouraged him to believe that thiscould be done in two years. At the holidaysit was decided to make the attempt to completethe work in one. He began the studylarge.of Latin and Greek inSeptember, and in thefollowing May had completed all the required-«^ s-KQwork.His devotion to his studies, however,IHARLES KENDALL ADAMS, presiWfviii*^^"*- of the University of Wisconsin,Madison, was born January 24, 1835,at Derby, Vermont, a direct descendant inthe seventh generation from William Adams,who settled in Cambridge, Massachusetts, in1636. His father moved to Vermont in1845, from New Ipswich, New Hampshire.His early education was in the commoncountry school, and at the age of sixteen hebegan teachinur and tau();ht four successivewinters in his native town. Two terms hewent to Derby Academy, having acquired, beforehe was nineteen, such an education inmathematics as was necessary to become asurveyor.In the summer of 1855 it was decided byIn theautnmnhis parents to move to Iowa.the subject of this sketch, after visiting somerelatives in Boston, New Jersey and Ohio,reached Denmark, Iowa, where some relativeshad been for several years established. Hisfather and mother and his only sister followedin the spring. For several years ithad been his great desire to acquire a collegiateeducation, but owing to the financialcondition of the family it had not been practicable.Though his father and mother veryduring this period had been so arduous thathe was attacked with brain fever, which madeitfor a time doulitful wiiether he would ever1)6 able to resume his studies. The rest fromJune to September, however, insured completerestoration, and at the ojiening of theuniversity year, in September, 1857, he wasadmitted, under heavy conditions, to thefreshman class in the University of Michigan.When he started out for college hehad $140 with which to go through his collegecourse. The financial disasters of 1857made it impos8il)le for his father to renderhim any assistance. The first two years hesupported himself partly by teaching.Duringthe vacation between the freshman andsophomore years he taught a private school,which yielded him about $70. With thissum and his private endeavors he completedthe sophomore year. At the beginning ofthe third year he was appointed an assistantin the university library, a position whichyielded him that year |100. This positionhe held until his graduation, in 1861. Hewas induced to remain for post-graduatestudies, partly by the fact that the post of assistantlibrarianwas made more desirable byan increase of salary to $200, and partly bythe encouragement received from Prof. An-

248 BIOGRAPHICAL HE VIEW OFdrew D. White, in whose work he liad becomespecially interested. Near tlie close ofthe year he took one of President White'sclasses, and at the end of the year was appointedinstrnctor inLatin and history.In 1863 he was advanced to the rank ofassistant professor, a position which he heldnntil1867, when, on the resicjnation of PresidentWhite to go to Cornell University aspresident, Mr. Adams was appointed professorof history and given leave of absencefor somewhat more than a year for stndy andtravel in Europe. During his period of absencehis object was to so increase his knowledgeof German, French and Italian as toenable him to use them readily to make theacquaintances of the educational methods ofGermany and F'rance particularly, and tovisit as many places of historical interest aspracticable. Instead of settling for continuousstudy at any one university, he spentabout three months at Bonn, a month atHeidelberg, two months at Leipzig, a monthat Berlin and a month at Munich. Abouttwo months in Italy, and from two to threemonths in Lausanne, Geneva and Paris.Soon after his return, in1868, he establisheda historical seminary in the University ofMichigan, modeled after the methods pursuedin Germany. On the establishment ofa school of political science in Michigan,Mr. Adams was appointed its dean, at thesame time he was also appointed non-residentlecturer on history at Cornell University.This position took him for three weeks toCornell at about the middle of each year.In 1885 he was elected to the presidencyof Cornell University, and during the sevenyears of his incumbency of that position thenumber of students was increased from 560to more than 1,500. The endowment of tlieuniversity was increased by $2,000,000.In1879 he received the degree of Doctor ofLaws in the University of Chicago, and in1886 the same degree was conferred by HarvardUniversity. In 1892 President Adamsresigned the presidency of Cornell Universitywith the purpose of devoting his lifehenceforth to the writing of history; but inthe course of the summer he received severalinvitations to resume educational work, andfinally accepted the presidency of theUniversityofInWisconsin.1872 Mr. Adams published his volumeentitled " Democracy and Monarchy inFrance," a book which attracted the attentionand favorable criticism of scholars. In1882 he published a memoir of historicalliterature, a work which is designed for theuse of students, librarians and general readers.This work was the result of ten yearsof arduous application, and isvery generallyused by historical students in Europe as wellas in America. A third edition of the work,much enlarged and improved, appeared in1889. In 1882 he published three volumesentitled >• British Orations, with Historicaland CriticalNotes," designed to be of assistanceto chose who are studying the representativeorations of British orators. In 1892he issued a small volume on "ChristopherColumbus, His Life and Works," the resultof careful and critical study of the originalauthorities. He has been a frequent contributorto European and American reviews,including the Contemporary Review, TheForum and the North American. He hasalso published numerous monographs, anda memlter and fellow of a large number ofleai-ned societies. In 1890 he was electedpresident of the American Historical Association.is

DANE GOUNTT, WISCONSIN. 249iLFRED MERRILL, now livingretiredI05.1K in Madison, was born in Binfjhainton,New York, January 17, 1824. Hisfatiier,Myron Merrill, was born in New Hartford,Connecticut, where he learned the tradeof hatter.After his marriage he removed toSherburne, Chenango county, and from thereto Binghamton, where he established a hatfactory and was very successful in the business. He was one of the orcranizers of theBroome County Bank, of which he was thevice-president for many years. He dealtlargely in real estate and at one time ownedseveral thousand acres of timber and coal lamlsin Pennsylvania. He died in I-Jinghamton,in 1873, aged eighty-three years.The maiden name ot his wife was Rhoda B.Robinson, born in Pembroke, New Hampshire,and died in Binghamton, in1887, agedeighty-seven. She reared two children:Amelia, who married Louis S. Abbott and isstillliving in Binghamton.Our subject received his early education inthe publicschools of Binghamton and underprivate tutorage at Troy, New York, afterwhich he engaged in the dry-goods and groeery business in I'inghamton, until 1853,when he came to Madison. After his arrivalhe bought a farm, four miles out of Madison,on the west bank of Lake Mendota, on whichhe resided for twenty-five years. Since thattime he has resided in Madison. On his farmis located Merrill's Rock Spring. It is aspring of mineral water, an analysis of whichshows it to be superior to any other mineralwater yet discovered. He has platted a portionof his farm, which is known as Merriii'.spark, and it occupies one of the most beautifullocations in this mostpicturesque region.Mr. Merrill married, in 1854, Miss Olive A.Collier, born in Bingiiamton, New York, anddied October, 1889. In politics he is a Democratand cast his first vote for Franklin Pierce,and has not voted since 1876, because a DemocraticCongress agreed to arbitrate, and hencethe reason that Samuel J. Tildenwas not inaugurated.^j GROVE, one of the leading Germanll^ citizens of Madison, a wholesale dealer"^if in wines and li(piors, also vinegar anda manufacturer of cigars, is the gentlemanwhose name opens this sketch.Our subject was born in the city of Hanover,Germany, October 13, 1822, and grewup and was educated in his native country.All youths receive a good education in theland of the German Emperor, but our subjectwas so thoroughly taught that he was madeclerk in a Government Collector's office. Laterhe engaged infarming, and then boughta restaurant in Hanover for $5,000, and conductedthis for five years. At the end (if thattime hesold this business for $7,200, and inMay, 1857, he left Germany for the UnitedStates, taking passage on a steamer. The Indiana,out from Bremer-Haven, and in twentyonedays landed in New York city, tiiencame to Chicago and then to Freeport andthere, with a Mr. Fred Bues, established a vinegarfactory and were wholesale li()Uor deiilers.In this venture our subject put the most of hismoney, but in two years the firm was overtakenwith niistortuue and Mr. Grove lost hiscapital and had but $190 and six vinegargenerators when he came to Madison, Wisconsin,to take a new start.The date of the coming of Mr. Grove toMadison was 1859, in the month of March,and with but small capital he opened ui)as a manufacturer of vinegar andfirstafter someyears so eidarged his business as to include

250 BIOORAPIllCAL JiEVI£W OFtrade in wines and liquors.In 1875 our subjectbougiit out the cigar manufactory ofLantz ct Kevser and increased the businessfrom tlie employment of eight men to thatof tiiirty, which he needs a part of the timenow. The firm now does business under thename of 11. (irove it Sons, and tlie cigar factorylias a capacity of about 100,000 cigarsper month. The goods are represented uponthe road by one of the sons generally. Thefirm occupies Nos. 109 to113 South Webstersti-eet.Few Germans who came here poor havedone as well as Mr. Grove. He is now feelingthe advance of years and is not very activelyengaged any more in the business andhas given the care over to his sons, who arecajiable and energetic young men, and areable to carry on the business as their fatherbegan it. Mr. Grove has been interested ineverything which has served to build up thecity and has been recognized as one of thereliable German citizens. lie has gonethrough the many experiences of those menwho have crossed the ocean to make a homein this country. He came of German parents,who died when he was in cliildhood, and waseducated by an uncle with whom he lived forsome years, his uncle being a successfulteacher. ^Ir. (-rrove was the only son of thefamily to come to the United States, and heliad two sisters who died in Germany, whowere married to prominent men there.Mr. Grove was the lirst married in his nativeprovince, to a lady of his own town, andshe died in the prime of life after the birthof two children, AVilliam and Louis, the formera liquor dealer in Madison and the lattera harness dealer in Sacramento, California.Mr. Grove was asecond time married, at hisol

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 251Northwest, and the mother's brothers werealso raili-oadcontractors.William W. (Jill attended tliepiihlic schoolsof this city until seventeen years of afre, andthen began the stock business and freightingover the west and northwest of Texas.Threeyears later he returned to this State, and in1881 entered the University of Wisconsin,where he remained one and a lialf years.liewas then in the Rush Medical College, Chicago,until his gra

253 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFcircles than tlie subject of this sketch, whobrings to his position the ripe knowledge ofyears of experience and study.^ON. KOMANZO BUNN, United StatesDistrict Judge for the Western Districtof Wisconsin, and at present lectureron Federal Jurisprudence in the Evanston(Illinois) College, is the subject of this sketch.Searching the streets of Athens with a lantern,Diogenes illuiiiine

j: cm y-tnc'f.

DANE COUNTY, WlSGONblN. IViill the then comparatively new town of Galesville,Wisconsin, and where young Ennnsignified liis willingness to conduct the legalaffairs of the people of the town. Here beganhis career. At first his prospects werenot very inviting, but honest integrity wonhim friends and brought him business. Alwaysprompt and universally polite, he possessedthose qualities which help any man tosuccess. After si.x years of industrious laborin Galesville, he was induced to locate atSparta, which was the seat of justice ofMonroe count}', where he soon became aprominent member ofthe bar, and his careeras a jurist began. In 1800, before he hadleft Trempealeau county, Mr. I'linn representedthe jieople of his district in the Assemblyof tliat year. From 18G1 he was inactive practice as an attorneyat Sparta, withgood success. In 1868 he was elected CircuitJudge for the Sixth Circuit of Wisconsin,and was re-elected in 1874, and held theoffice until October, 1877, when he was appointedl)y President Hayes to tht^ office ofUnited States Judge for the western districtofWisconsin, and has to his own credit, andwith great distinction for his wise and honorabledecisions served tiiis district continuously.The law reviews and the workcalled " Bench and Bar,'' make honorable andcomplimentary mention of him as an ableand honest jurist. He hi\s not been gres^tlyinterested in local or St^te politics,but affiliateswith the Kepublican party. Judge andMrs. Bunn attend the Congregational Cliurch,although tl^ey are not; members of it.Nothing shows the good qualities of theJudge better than his honest, open and happycouqtenance, andhis pleasant and approachabjeiqanner,treating rich and poor, acquaintancesand strangers witii a like courtesy. TheJudge's family history dates back some generationsand seems to have been an admixtureof New England, New York and Hollandstock. His father, Peter Bunn, born in tlieEmpire State, grew up a farmer, fnUowed hiscalling diligently, held some of the localoffices, and died of a fever in Cattarauguscounty, at the age of fifty-four years. Althoughhe came of long-lived, hearty stock,he was thus cut down in the prime of life.The mother of our subject was named PollyA. .lackson, and after the death of her husbandshe came to Wisconsin, spent her lastye^rs among her children, and died at theage of seventy-one years. She had been akind, good wife, an affectionate mother, andbotii she and her husband had been membersof the Methodist ('hurcli.Judge P)unn and his estimable wife are thehappy parents of five children, of whomCharles W. and George L. are prominent andprospering young attorneys '\n St. Paul; JohnM. is employed in a bank in Tacoma, andMary and Fannie remain at home. For sevenyears Judge Bunn was a lecturer in the lawclass of the Wisconsin State University, andthe Evanston College is to be congratulatedthat it has secured for tlie important subjectof Federal Jurisprudence so good a lawyeras the subject offAMESthis sketch.L. O'CONNOR is a native ofthe State of Wisconsin, being born atHartford, Washington county, June 3,1859. Flis parents are natives of Ii-eland,and are farmers by occupation. They stillreside on the old homestead, where they havereared a family often children, five sons andfive daughters.He began his education in the commonschool; afterward spent a term at the Hart-

a254 BIOORAPUICAL REVIEW OFford liigii school; was then engaged inteaching, laboring on the farm, and at sncliother occupation as he could lind. lie enteredthe University of AYiscoosin in 1876,and remained in the nniversity proper for aperiod of three years, lie then entered thelaw school of the State University of Wiscoiiriin,from which he graduated in 1880. In1881 he formed a partnership with CharlesN. Brown, and began the practice of law atthe city of Madison nnder the firm name ofBrown »& O'Connor. This partnership lastedseveral years. In 1884 he was elected DistrictAttorney for Dane county.His successas Prosecuting Attorney is well attested by thefactthat he was again re-elected in 1886, beingthe only man elected on the Democraticticket that year. In 1888 he formed a partiiershipwith Robert M. Bashford. Thisi)artnership still continues. He was electedAttorney General of the State of Wisconsinin 1890, his opponent being James O'Neill,of Clark county. His administration of theaffairs of the office has been a noted one inWisconsin. In pursuance of a pledge of hisparty, he brought suits against the ex-StateTreasurers for the recovery of interest receivedby them on public funds, and recoveredjudgment against them in the Circuit andSupreme Courts, in the sum of $700,000.Mr. O'Connorwas renominated for the officeof Attorney General, and was again re-electedover his old opponent, James O'Neill. Hehas always been identitied with, and interestedin the success of the Democ^ratic party.Mr. O'Connor was married December 25,1889, to Miss Anna L. Wood, of Madison,Wisconsin. They have one son, ArthurJames.ILLIAM T. FISH, our subject, isA/:,\l) one of the substantial men who have^-%^ made the city of Madison what it is.He was born in Kent, England, January 10,1833, a son of Charles William Henry Fishand Sarah (Hancock) Fish, natives of Kent,where, for four generations, his ancestorshave lived. By occupation his father was asailor, following the sea for many years,andwhen the war of 1812 broke out he respondedto his country's call and was with CaptainHarris in the frigate llussa, until hostilitiesceased, and on his return was given a comfortableberth by the Trinity House inLondon,where the lightships and lighthousesare managed, and after a service of twentyyears, lost his life at the locating of BullockSafety Beacon on the Goodwin Sands, —dangerous part of the British channel. Sixchildren were born to this family, but onljoursubject and one sisterhave ever come toAmerica. His brother, Charles Edward,however, has made a record that should beas dear to America as to his native England.He belonged to the life-saving service, andduring the years of hard and faithful toilbuiltup a record second to none in the world,having .saved 846 lives in twenty-six years.He was retired January 1, 1892, with a mosthonorable presentation of medals and theU8\uil pension ac-cordud brave officers by theEnglish Governnii'iit.In one of the charity schools of Englandour subject received his education, and whentwelve years of age he lost his father, andwas thus thrown upon his own resources.Atfirst he entered an office as page, but hesensibly changed this life for that of an apprenticeto a stonecutter, at which businesshe continued for nearly seven years. In 1852he came to the United States, locating inthevicinity of New York city, where he re

JJANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 255mained a couple of years. He then made avisit to England, but returned to the UnitedStates, this time locating in Illinois, where heoeugaffed in work as a luason and stonecutter.He was one of the builders of the courthouseat Woodstock, Hlinois.In 1856 our subject came to Madison andfound work immediately at liis trade. In1859 he was selected as foreman for the workon the eastern wing of the capitol at Madisonand manacred this part of the work until1861. His skill soon became known, and thework he has done testifies to his ability toperform. He has built many of the finestbuildings in and about the city and was thebuilder and contractor selected by GovernorRusk to complete " Science Hall " of theuniversity.Also he was the main contractorof the insane asylum located at Elgin, Illinois,a building which cost a quarter of amillion of dollars, and was the contractor ofthe asylum at Oshkosh, Wisconsin. Formany years he was engaged on public buildingsin the capital of the State, one largecommission being the building of the rotundaof the State capitol. He also erected theCongregational church, an elegant structure.Wingra Park is one of the most Iteauliful ofthe suburbs of the city of Madison, and oursubject was the originator of the plan for layingit out, and has erected beautiful residencesout there. He owns property there and theresidences are commanding high ju'ices.The marriage of our subject took place inthis city, l)y Rev. Mr. Britain, January 1,1854, to Miss Harriet J. Wharmby, a nativeof England, who came to this country whenshe was four years of acre. Ten childrenhave been born into the family of Mr. Fish,but four of them have )>assed away, the livingones being, Isabelle, William, Harriet, Jane,Victoria and Paul Wellington. Mrs. Fish stillremains to direct the home of our subject,William is a merchant inMonroe, Wiscun>in;Victoria is in the high school and several ofthe family are married. Mr. Fish is no politician.He belongs to the Masonic fraternityin Madison, also the Odd Fellows amiKnights of Pythias.Mr. Fish is president of the Madison Landand Improvement Company, andvice-presidentof the Northwestern Building and LoanAssociation and also holds other offices ofhonor and trust. For eleven years he wasconnected with the tire department of thiscity; for two years he was chief engineer andtwo years more assistant chief. For fouryears he served inthe City Council, and duringfour months, when the late Mayor Smithwas ill and absent, he sei'ved in the place ofhisHonor.Financially, our subject is classed with thesolid men of Madison, and socially he is esteemedby the whole community.ENERAL HENRY HARNDEN, theprosperous proprietor of the Hickory'i fai-m, where he has become noted forhis success in breedintr fine Jersey cattle, isthe subject of this notice. He is the ^on ofJonathan and Rhoda Ilarnden, and was iiurnMarch 4, 1823, at Wilmington, Massachusetts.His ancestors were of Puritanstock, who came to America about 1860, withthe early pilgrims, and settled at Andover,Massachusetts. They were prominent inthe early history of the colonies, especiallythat of Massachusetts bay colony. YoungHarnden had grown up, as many another Massachusettsboy, among the hills of his nativeState. Many of his ancestors on his mother'sside were seafaring men, and from often

256 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFhearins bis uncles relate their wild adventnresand hairbreadth escapes by sea he earlyinherited a passion for a sailor's life. Afterleaving school at the age of eighteen he wasgiven an opportunity to make a voyage, onwhich he visited the coast of Africa, doubledcape Horn, stopped at many of the islands ofthe Pacific ocean, and coasted along the westshores ofSouth America, from cape Horn toMexico, returnino; after an absence of fiveyears to his father's homo at Wilmington.Afterward he made several voyages to theWest Indies and the southern ports, was inMexico in the first summer of the Mexicanwar and witnessed the dobarking of a partGeneral Taylor's army at I'razos, Santiago,and also assisted in bringing back thewounded of Palo Alto to New Orleans.Losing his health that summer he decided tomake a change in this life, believing that heneeded less exposure, and therefore engagedIn the spring ofof1850 he went overland toCalifornia and engaged in gold mining.While crossing the plains the party hadin clerking in a store in Lowell, Massachusetts.severalencounters with the hidians, who wereat that time quite troublesome on the frontier.Not meeting with expected success in mininghe came back to Boston, via cape Horn, hisformer experience being of great use in obtaininga position for him on the vessel athigh wages. In 1852 he removed to Wisconsinand settled in the town of Sullivan,Jetiersoncounty, when the country was verynew, and for a time engaged infarming andlumbering. Here he owned and operated asawmill until the breaking out of thellebellioii.Our subject had come of lightingstock and those who were opposed to humanslavery.In politics, he was first an Abolitionist,later a Free-soiler, and finally a Republican.At the breaking out of the war he calledhis mill hands, quite a large numl)er, andtold them that the mill must stop, as he wasgoing to enlist, and he advised them to dothe same, which they did to a man. At thefirst assembling of the First Wisconsin Cavalry,at Ripley, he enlisted as a private, butwas soon promoted to be Sergeant, and thenCaptain of Company L, which rank he heldwhen the regiment left the State. ColonelEdward Daniels was in command. The regimentwas first sent to Benton barracks,Missouri.In 1862 the regiment was sent tocape Girardeau, Missouri, and later theypushed into the interior to Bloomfield and toSt. Frances river, and then to Arkansas,bringing up at Helena so decimated by sicknessand death, that at one time but threeofficers and sixty men were able to rideon ascouting expedition, Captian Ilarnden beingone, and in command. While in the Departmentof Missouri ami Arkansas tlie Captainparticipated in quite a number of engagementswith the enemy. At one time, whenon a scouting expedition witli 100 men, liesuddenly came upon a party of about liiO ofthe enemy. In the charge which resultedthe enemy fied with great loss, but not a manwas lost of the Wisconsin squad.In April,1863, the regiment was transferred to theArmy of the Cumberland, with GeneralRosecranz, and from that time until the closeof the war they were identified with the armyand participated in all the battles andmarches. In May, 1864, Captain Harndenwas promoted to be Major, and then Lieutenant(/olonel, but all further promotion waspreventedby the Colonel being confined in arebel prison; the Lieutenant-Colonel commandeduntil the close of the war. March

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 25715, 1865, he was commissioned brevet Coloneland Brigadier-General. He participatedin some thirty actions, was twice wounded inbattle,and was once severely injured by hishorse falling upon him. His first woundwas received while leading a ^cavalry chargenear Dallas, Georgia, while he was servingunder General Sherman. This was a verysevere wound, as by ithis shoulder was shattered,the ball being fired at him when onlythree feet away. This was in May, 1864,and after several weeks in the hospital atChattanooga, he was able to be moved tohisnorthern home. After recovery he rejoinedhis regiment and was placed under Major-General Wilson, in pursuit of Hood, and waswith General Wilson at Nashville, SelmaandMontgomery, Georgia. The First WisconsinCavalry helped capture F. Tyler, at WestPoint, and here General Harnden was woundedin the thigh by a riHe ball. While at Macon,Georgia, in 1865, he was selected byGeneral Wilson to take a detachment andcross the country toward Savannah andofEheadJeff Davis, who was reported to be makinghis way south through South Carolina intoGeorgia.The duty was so well performedthat it resulted in the capture of the rebelchief, at Irviugville, south Georgia.At thecapture of Davis an unfortunate affair happened,which was afterward the cause of somecontroversy between the General and Lieutetiant-ColonelPritchard of a Michigan cavalryregiment, but this was finally settledby Congressdividing the reward for Davis equallybetween the two parties. Congress exoneratedGeneral Harnden from all blame in thecollision in the two regiments, in which twomen in the Michigan regiment were killedand severalwounded, and also several of theWisconsin men were wounded. The close ofthe war found General Harnden in commandof a regiment at Edgefield, Tennessee, wherethe regiment was mustered out.Immediately following his discharge andreturn to Wisconsin, he was elected in thefall of 1865 to the Assembly from the thirddistrict of Jefferson county.In the Legislaturehe was Chairman of the Committee onMilitary Affairs and did gooil service. In18(57 he was appointed by Governor Fairchildas one of the trustees of the Orphan'shome, and was made financial agent of theinstitution by the Board of Trustees, and assuch he did himself credit.Later he resignedto take the office of Assessor ami Collector ofthe Second Collection District ofWisconsin,and held this office for years, wlien the lawchanged the office, and in May, 1873, he wasappointed United States Collector of InternalRevenue, and tliis office he held until a fewyears ago.Our subject has been an active member ofC. C. Washburn Post, G. A. K, No. 11, andis a member of the Loyal Legion of tiie Departmentat Milwaukee, and is a Master Mason.General Harnden is justly proud of hismilitary record.His foi'efathers were Revolutionarysoldiers; his grandfather was aLieutenantand his brother was a Captain inthe Continental army, and one of his uncleswas wounded in the great sea fight betweenthe man-of-war Hornet and the British shipPeacock, and two of the General's brothersand thirteen of his nephews were in theUnited States service, military and naval, inthe war of the Rebellion.In December, 1848, General Harnden wasmarried to Miss Mary A. Lightner, thedaughter of John Lightner, Esq., of Boston,Massachusetts, and four daughters have beenborn of this union.E'er three years our subject has been in theo-rocery liusiness on West State street in

258 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFMadsion, and between that and his fanningand breeding intei'ests, the General forgetsthe horrors of war, remembering only thehonors that have come to him and the peacewhich his country enjoys through the valorof suclias ho.pSIUAM N. MOULTON, a well-knownIW)c'fizen ofthe city of Madison, Wiseon-^&i sin, holiis the position of State Carpenter,having been appointed to this office byGovernor Peck for the past two years. Hehas held several important positions in thecity prior to this, having been its Mayor forone term in 1885, and Alderman of the Thirdand Fourth Wards for several years. Ue alsohas been a leader in a local way, and is nowone of the prominent residents ofthe place;has hosts of friends, being the kind of personwho knows, not only how to make, but alsoto keep them. He has always taken an activeinterest in school, being a member of theBoard several years, and performs his partin all that concerns the advancement of theplace.Mr. Moulton came to this city in 1854,and since that time has been closely connectedwith the building interests here, iiaving beenthe contractor for very many of the publicand also the private buildings of Madison.He liad the carpimter contract for the northwing of the State capitol, and has built manyof the stately and beautiful homes of thiscity. In his business enterprises he hasshown much good judgment, has been eminentlysuccessful, and has made money. Atone time he owned a good farm in Burketownship, residing there nine years, at leasthis family did, as he did business inthe city,but now Iiis residence is a beautiful one atthe corner of Jenifer and Spaight streets,overl(K)kinirlake Monona, where he has beenlocated for the past nine years.The birth of Mr. Moulton took place inEast Hartford, Connecticut, August 1-1, 1818,and was reared and educated there, learninghis trade in East Hartford, doing business onhis own account before coming to Madison.His ancestry was good, of New England parentage.His father, Spencer Moulton, wasborn in New Jersey, and spent the most of hisactive life in Hartford as a paper-maker,but died in West Springfield, Massachusetts,at the age of sixty-eight years.The mother of our subject survived himtwo years, dying at the same place and atabout the same age. Her maiden name wasChloa Williston, and her birth occurred nearthe same place where she died in WestSpringfield.Formerly she had been an EpiscojjalMethodist, but in later years embracedthe Wesleyan Methodist faith, as did her husband.Onr subject is one of twelve children,being the eldest, and two sons and two daughtersare deceased, and three sons and fivedaughters are yet living, averaging over sixtyyears of age. One brother, Abertus, is aresident of Oakdale, California; anotiier livesin l''aulkton. South Dakota, a fai'Mier there.The five sisters are all married and scatteredover the country, inIowa, New Jersey, andthree in Massachusetts.The marriage of our subject took place inMadison, Wisconsin, with Mrs. Ellen Cook,a native of Lyndon, Vermont. She was bornand educated there, came West a youngwoman with her parents in the early fifties,and has since Iier marriage been a true andtrusty helpmate to iier husband. She is awoman of many charms of character, and hasa host of friends in \\w city. Her kindness

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 259and generosity are well known. She is thecheerful, happy mother of two children: Nellie,the wife of Charles Robbins, now livingin the city of Madison, a bookkeeper for theWestern agency for steel plows; and Fred N.a mechanic. Mrs. Moulton was the daughterof Daniel and Mehetible (Cass) Bowman,who now are both deceased, having passedaway some dozen years since in advancedage. They were natives of Vermont, spendingsome of their latter years in Massachnsetts,before their removal to Madison.^fOHN M. OLIN.of Madison, Wisconsin,"M, one of the most prominent and snccess-^K, fnl members of the Dane county bar,was born in Lexington, Richland county,Ohio, Jnly 10, 1851. His parents wereNathaniel G. and Phtebe II. (Roberts) Olin,the father being a native of Shaftsbury, andthe mother of Manchester, Vermont.Rearedon a farm in < )hio, his primary educationwas secured by attending the neighborhoodschools three months of the year, and workingon the farm the remaii'.der of the time.Afterreaching his fourteenth year he attended theBelleville liigh schooltwo years, and followingthat, attended the private academy ofthe Rev. Daiiey, at Lexington, Ohio, forsix months. He next spent two years atOberlin College, Ohio, and in 1878 graduatedat Williamson College, with honors, having assignedhim oncommencementone of the philosophicalorations,and was chosen by the facultyof the college as a member of the Phi BetaKappa Society.Following his graduation he held the positionof principal of the Belleville highschool, which was followed by a term asprinci)>al of the Mansfield schools. In theFall of 1874 Mr. Olin came to Madison, andtook a position as instructor in the departmentof Rhetoric and Oratory, inthe schoolsof the city. In the fall of 1878 he took acourse in the law department of the Universityof Wisconsin, and graduated in 1879,with the degree of A. M., in a class of seventysixstudents. After his admission to thebar he opened an office in Madison, and beganthe practice with a partner.His partnershipcontinued during two years, since which timehe has practiced alone, until January 1, 1892,when he associated with him, Harry L. I]utter.On June 14, 1880, Mr. Olin was marriedto Miss Helen Remington, of Baraboo, Wisconsin,the daughter of Cyrus C. Remington,a well-known attorney of that place. Mrs.Olin graduated at the University of Wisconsin,class of 1870, taking first honors.The success of Mi'.'Olin at the bar has been inmany points remarkable. In a comparativelybrief time he has risen from the point of abeginner to the position of one of the leadingmembers of an able bar; and that, too, unaided.Coming into the field as a youngand inexperienced practitioner, at a timewhen the Madison bar was consiilered an exceptionallystrong and brilliant one, he encounteredcontemporaries, who were not oidyhi.?seniors in years and experience, but weregentlemen who had for years enjoyedstrongreputations, and were resting secure in thelaurels already won, while he had neithername nor position. But he diligently appliedhimself to his work, and step by step haswon his way up to a professional reputationfor ability, integrity, and learning of thehighest order, and has secured a conspicuousplace in the front ranks of the leading membersof the bar, of not only Madison, but ofWisconsin. During his brief professional

260 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFcareer Mr. Olin has achieved an elevated positionas a learned and profound lawyer, andmost successful advocate, and iu legal argumentsfew lawyers among his contemporarieshave proved themselves his equal in clearnessof statement, logicalreasoning, and impressivediction, and few surpass him in hisability as an orator. With the eminent successalready achieved while still young, it iseasy to understand the hopes of his friendsand admirers in foreshadowing and predictinifa l)rilliant future for Mr. Olin in thelegal |)rofeS8ioii.Personally, Mr. Olin is a most congenialand agreeable character. Of a mannerrather quiet and retiring, he yet possesses apower back of this tliat is comprehensive,clean-cut and vigorous. Ilis time is givento his profession, to the exclusion of politicalambition, though in 1886 he was the candidateof the Wisconsin Prohibition party forGovernor.[AMUEL IIIGHAM, vice-president ofthe Fuller & Johnson ManufacturingCompany of the city of Madison, Wisconsin,a very prominent citizen, is the subjectof the following sketch.Mr. Iligham was born in Geneva, Ontariocounty. New York, September 23, 1847, ason of Henry and iSarah (Roberts) Iligham.These parents were both born and brought upin Stockport, England, and his father was engagedin tlie manufacture of cottongoods inhis native country. About 1842 Mr. Iligham,Sr., came to the United States, first settlingin Geneva, New York, and followingthe occupation of farmer, moving to Madison,Wisconsin in 1850. He is now livingwith his wife, after a married life of fiftythreeyears, at the age of seventy-eight years.Seven children were born to them, five sonsand two daughter, as follows: Mary Ann,who married Mr. Joshua Smith; Elijah, aresident of Oakland, California; Sarah E.,who married Mr. Tillotson and resides atBaraboo, Wisconsin; John, who resides inOakland, California; William Henry, whoresides in Grand Forks, North Dakota, andGeorge C, who is a resident of the sameplace.Mr. Iligham was a resident of New Yorkwhen our subject was born and the latter wastwo and one-half years of age when the familyremoved to Madison, Wisconsin, in iSSOandlocated in Madison township, in Dane county,on a new farm, but later removed to section6 in Fitchbnrg township, in 1854. Our subjectwas given a public school education inthe district schools of Madison and Fitchbnrgtownships, working on the farm in the summerand attending school in winter, and wasprepared to enter the University ofWisconsinin 1865, passing some three years in thatinstitution. In 1868, he left school and wentto Hudson, Wisconsin, and there engaged inmilling and manufacturing lumber, and atthis place he remained in business some fiveyears.Following this lifein northern Wisconsin,our subject went to Cannon Falls, Minnesota,and then toRod Wing, Minnesota, and thereengaged in the sale of huuber and agriculturalimplements. In souie of these enterpriseshis brother, William II.,was a partner.Until 1883 he remained there andthen sold out as he saw greater opportunitiesin Madison for his abilities to becomeknown. He purchased an interest in theFuller & Johnson Manufacturing Company,manufacturers of plows, cultivators, cornplanters,mowing machinery, hay rakes,harrows,etc. His experience and training so

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 2«1well fitting him for the management ofthisline of busines, he was at once chosen vicepresidentof the company, which office he hasheld ever since. This company is one of thelargest and best known in the Northwest.To this prosperons and growing business Mr.llighani devotes all his time, but he is alsolargely interested in other enterprises, amongthem the Higham Brothers' Hardware Companyof Grand Forks, North Dakota, beingthe president of the company, Init the businessbeing carried on by his brothers, who residethere.These large corporations requiretheir ofHcers to be shrewd, farseeing businessmen. Such is our subject.In Minnesota Mr. Ilicrham was calledupon to serve his fellow-citizens in many officialposition, but since his residence inWisconsinhis personal business has claimed thegreater part of his time.His marriage tookplace in September, 1873, with Miss ClaraJames, of Wellsville, New York, who wasborn inWarren, Pennsylvania, and was thereeducated. She is still living, but the onedaughter, Gertrude O., born in 1880, wastaken away by death April 2, 1891. Thefamily have been active members of the CongregationalChurch and to this denominationMr. Higham has been liberal and attentive,doing his whole duty as a Christian and goodcitizen.IROF. STEPHEN MOULTON BAB-COCK, wlio occupies the chair of AgriculturalChemistry in the University ofWisconsin, is a native of Bridgewater township,Oneida county. New York, born October22, 1843. His parents, Peleg B. andCornelia (Scott) Babcock, were both bornand reared in (^noida county, and his fatherwas by occupation a farmer. His grandfatherBabcock was born in Connecticut andearly in life niove., thelatter being now engaged in the mercantilebusiness in St. Louis, Missouri. Their fatherdied in New York in 1857, and their venerablemother is a resident of Madison, Wisconsin.Professor Babcock's education was begunin the common schools of his native county.He spent two years at Clinton Liberal Listitute,Clinton, New York, and then enteredTufts College, College Hill, Massachusetts,four miles from Boston, where he took aclassical course and graduated in 1866 withthe degree of B. A. After workint; threeyears upon his farm in Bridgewater he removedto Ithaca, New York, and took a postgraduatecourse of four or live years in CornellUniversity. At the end of that time hewas made instructor in cliemistry, andoccupiedthat position in the university during1876-'77. after which he resigned, went toGermany and for two years devoted himselfto the study of his chosen science—chemistry—inthe University of Gottingen, returniuijto America in 1879. Again he was aninstructor in Cornell University one year.In 1882 he was appointed chemist at theNew York Agricultural Experiment Stationat Geneva, which position he occupied fiveconsecutive years.He was called by the Board of Regents ofthe University of Wisconsin, in 1888, to thechair of Agricultural Chemistry, and is nowin his fifth year in the work. He has writtena number of papers which have appearedthe reports of the Agricultural ExperimentStations of New York and Wisconsin, and,in connection with Dr. Caldwell, of Cornell,in

.263 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFhe published a work on Chemical QualitativeAnalysis. Dr. Babeock is best known as theinventor of the milk test, which bears hisname; this test being atthe present time extensivelyused in this country by milk inspectorsand by factory men to determine thequality of milk, lie is a member of theAmerican Association f(jr the Advancementof Science, and of the Society for the Promotionof Agricultural Science.Professor Babcock isfUDGEHARLO S.unmarried.ORTON, AssociateJustice of the Supreme Court of Wisconsin,and one of the most highlyhonoredcitizens of the capital city, is a native of theold Empire State, having been liorn in Niagaracounty, New York, on November 23,1817. Ilis parents, Ilarlo N. and Grace(Marsh) Orton, were natives of Vermont andConnecticut, respectively, and both were ofthat good old New England stock whoseworthy characteristics are so indeliblystamped upon their descendants.The grandfathersof our subject, as wellas his paternalgreat-grandfather, were ministers of the BaptistChurch, and both great-grandfathersfought in the American army in the Revolutionarywar. Three sons and two daughterswere l)ornto our subject's parents, but of theentire family only himself and one sister, Mrs.H. Mason, of Iowa, survive, all having passedaway at different periods. The maternalgrandmother lived to an extreme old age, dyingas late as 1884.The boyhood days of our subject were spentupon the farm in helping with the work inseason and'attending the neighboring commonschool in winter. At the age of thirteenyears he went to Madison, New York, wherehe attended Hamilton Academy and the MadisonUniversity, taking a (ioinplete course ineach institution and graduating from the latterin 1837, when twenty years of age. Theyoung graduate next came West toBourboncounty, Kentncky, where for one year he hadcharge of the Paris Academy. Ilere he continuedhis law studies begun in HamiltonAcademy. In search of a location he went toLa Porte county, Indiana, in the fall of 1838,making the entire journey on horsebackthrough the primeval woods. Locating inthat county he continued his preparations forthe legal profession and in the followingspring he was admitted to the bar. That summerthe young and ambitious law fledgling decidedto locate in I'orter county, Indiana, andbefore the autumn leaves were falling he waspracticing law in Valparaiso, and enjoying thedistinction of being the only lawyer in thecounty at that time. In 1843 he was appointedProbate Judge of Porter county byGovernor Samuel Bigger, and he continuedto discharge the iluties of that oflice until184:7 conducting quite an extensive law practiceat the same timeIn 1847 Judge Orton removed to Milwaukee,while Wisconsin was yet a Territory, andin that city he practiced law until the electionof the second Governor of the State (GovernorFarewell), when he came to Madison asthe private secretary of the Governor. Heremained onthe Governor's staff for two yearsefhciently discharging the many importantduties of his position. In 1849 he w-as admittedto the bar of the Supreme Co\irt ofWisconsin, since which time he has beenpresent at every term of that court, first asa lawyer and for the past fourteen years as anhonored judge of the court.In 1854 Jmlge Orton was elected to theState Lcirislature and was re-elected in 185!>

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 2G3and 1871, serving three terms in all in tliatbody with distinction and much usefulness tohis constituents and the entire State. In1859 he was unaminously elected Judge ofthe Circuit Court, and was re-elected to thesame officewitliout a dissenting voice, servingin that capacity until 1866, when he resigned.From that time on Judge Orton devotedliitnself to his practice, which was in all thedifferent courts, and met with success in ahigh degree his name lieconiing one of thebest known in the legal profession in theState, and thus was established a reputationwhich led to his election in 1878 to the SupremeBench, which election was unanimousand was followed in 1888 by re-election.Judge Orton was one of the organizers of tiieState Historical Society, and introduced thebill authorizing the formation of the samewhile a member of the JjCgislature. Since1884 he has been the society's vice-president.Judge Orton was married in July, 1839,to Elizabeth C. Cheney, who was born inMaryland, and is the daughter of WilliamCheney, a prosperous planter of that State,now deceased. Six children have been bornto their union, of whom three sons and onedaughter are now living. They are: O. B.Orton, an able lawyerof Indianapolis, Indiana;().II. Orton, aprominent citizen of Beloit,Wisconsin; llarlo N., a practicing physicianof Minneapolis, Minnesota; and O. C, nowthe wife of Henry Coe, of Indianapolis.In years Judge Orton is the oldest AssociateJustice of the Wisconsin Supreme Courtand in length of service is the junior of ChiefJustice Lyon by only a short time. His careeron the bench has been marked by a displayof ability second to none and he has madea name which will always live inthe judicialannals of his State. He has all his lite lieuna close student, and being possessed of a discriminatingmind his decisions have alwaysbeen clear and pointed, and seldom, if ever,reversed by a higher court.Quick to see thepoints of a case he is always ready to giveprompt decisions with superior judgment.As an attorney. Judge Orton was able andforcible and successful and durin

264 BIOGRAPHICAL HE VIEW OFin 1881, and since November, 1883, has beenvice-president and acting president of theCapital City Bank. In December, 1887, hewas elected by the Common Council amemberof the Board of Education, taking hisplace in January, 1888. lie was re-elected amember of tlie Board in December, 1890.He was elected Mayor of tlie city in April1888, receiving a majority of more tliaii 600.In 1889 he was the candidate of all partiesand was re-elected without opposition.At an open meeting of C. C. WashburnPost, Monday evening October 6, 1890, Mr.Doyon presented this memorial volume tothe post.John Doyon, the father of M. RansomDoyon, was born iv. Montreal, in 1817. Heremoved to P'ranklin, Vermont, in 1833.He was a carpenter and farmer. Enlisted asa private in Company F, Tenth Regiment,Vermont Volunteer Infantry, August 18,1862, and was mustered out September 1,foUowini;. This rei'iment was assigned tothe Third Army Corps and sent from Washingtonto re-enforce McClellan's army atAntietam. Later the Third corps became apart of the Sixth corps.For a time it lay atthe mouth of Monocacy, where a fort wasbuilt. It was ordered to join Burnside atFredericksburg. In the battle that followedMr. Doyon was wounded in a finger. Hewas in the battle of Chanceliorsville. AtGettysburg his cotntnaml was stationed onLittle Round Top, where he looked on theadvance of Pickett's division. In 1864 hewas engaged in the movements of the Armyof the Potomac, from the wilderness to theJames river. The Sixth corps was afterwardtransferred to the Shenandoah valley, andMr. Doyon was engaged in the battles ofWiiiciiester and Fisher's Hill, September 19,and 22, and inthe expedition to Staunton.The Army of Sheridan returned to thelower valley. The Si.xth corps was afterwardtransferred to the James River and took partin the capture of Richmond and of Lee'sarmy.It was stationed for a time in the vicinityof Danville,Virginia, but marched toWasliiiigton and took part in the grand review.The Tenth Vermont Regiment remainedin the vicinity of Washington untilJune 24, when itwas mustered out of service.Mr. Doyon was with his command attherailroad depot for transportation to his home,but was too ill to go, and was taken to thehospital, where he died befo re midnight,June 24, 1865. He was buried at Arlington.The number of his grave is 12,224.fEREMlAIIRICHARDS, a prominentand influential lumber dealer of Madison,Wisconsin, was born inExeter township,Penobscot county, Maine, July 4, 1826,son of Jeremiah and^Bloomy F. (Wing) Richards.His parents were born, reared andmarried in Kennebec county, Maine, theirancestors being of English descent, and amongthe early settlers of New England. TheRichardsfamily were identlied with the agriculturalinterests of Maine, while the Wingswere lumbermen. When a boy, the subjectof our sketch decided to be a lumberman.He spent his summers working in mills, anddnrinrr flie winter months attended the dietrictschools, until be readied his majority.His whole life has been devoted to his chosenoccupation. He has lived in various Statesof the Union, has met and overcome misfortune,and now, as age advances, is still activelyidentified with business interests, andis one of the wealthy men of the city inwhich he lives.

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 2G5III the spring of 1848, Mr. Richards wentto Georgia, whei'e he was for threeyears engagedin the milling husiness. and fromthere, in 1851, went to Florida, remaining inthat State until 1861. He spent eight yearsnear Tallahassee, and was afterward atJacksonville.On account of the war and theloss of property by fire, he returned to hisnative State, landing there with only $10.This money was used for doctor bill andmedicine for his sick wife, and he soon foundhimself in debt.There he obtained employmentin a sawmill at §16 per month, runningthe same saw he began at when a boy. Heremained in Maine and Massachusetts twoyears. In 1868 he came West; lived atLyons, Iowa, one year; in Dixon, Illinois,one year, having charge of a lumber yard;and in Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin, one year,where he boUijht a mill and was inbusinessfor himself. In 1866 he acjain went to Florida,and at Cedar Keys built a mill for anotherparty, remaining there one year. Nextwe find him at Galveston, Texas, where heestablished a lumber yard, and while therehad an attack of yellow fever. Again comingNorth, he spent one year inMaine, one yearin Lyons, Iowa, and from there came toDane county, Wisconsin. He purchased alumber yard in Oregon, Wisconsin, in 1870,resided there until JNovember, 1881, and thencame to Madison, where he has since madehis home. Now in ])artnei'ship with A. P.Lovejoy, of Janesville, Wisconsin, underthelirm name of Lovejoy & Richards, he haslumber yards in nine different towns, and atanother place has an interest in a yard, thefirm being Lovejoy, Richards & Ringham.Mr. Richards has the personal supervision ofthese ten yards, which are situated at thefollowing named places:Argyle, Blanchardville,Jquesdale, Dodgeville, I3arneveld, BlueMounds, Mount Horeb, Stoughton, NewGlarus and Brooklyn. He sold his yard atOregon in May, 1891, after having operateditfor twenty-one years.Mr. Richards was married August 20,18-49, to MaryE. Hartt, of Savannah, Georgia.Mrs. Richards was born in New Yorkcity, but was reared in Georgia from iiersixth year. They have had tiiree children.One daughter died in infancy, and anotlier,Florenco, at the age of eigiit years. Theironly son, Walter C, is a resident of SanDiego county, California, engaged inlemons.raisingMr. and Mrs. Richards have a pleasanthome on Jenefer street, where they are surroundedwith all the comforts and luxuriesof life. They are attendants at the UnitarianChurch, and he is a Freemason.^ON. JOHN B.'iitil)CASSODAY, Associate''^"*^'''''''' *^'^ '^'^ Supreme Court of Wisvdconsin, was born in Herkimer county.New York, July 7, 1830. About three yearsafter his birth his father died, and he witiihis mother moved with her parents to Tiotracounty, Pennsylvania. He began life as pooras the poorest of boys, but the same industry,good judgment and well-directed ambition,which made him one of the foremostlawyers of AVisconsin, carrietl him throughhis early struggles. Besides occasionally attendingdistrict schools for a few months andworking for his board he attended one termof the village school at Tioga, and one termat Wellsborough Academy, before he wasseventeen years old.For the next four yearshe was engaged in various kinds of manuallabor in order to gain a livelihood, occasionallyteaching school in winter. Afterward

266 BIOOBAPHWAL HE VIEW OFhe attended two terms at the Knoxville,Pennsylvania. Academy, and tlien two yearsat the Alfred Academy, Xew York, fromwhich he irraduated. He then went to theMichii^an [Jniversity, where he took a selectcoarse, wiiich was snpplemented by a shortterm at the Albany Law School andreadingin a law otiice at Wellsborough, Pennsylvania.Uesirinfr to find a wider held, hewent West in 1857, and settled in Janesville,Wisconsin, whore he entered the law otficeJudge Conger, who was a prominent locallegal light, and pursued his law studies thereuntil1858, when he became a member of thefirm of Bennett, Cassoday & Gibbs, whichcontinued for over seven years, during whichtime he served as circuit judge of theTwelfth Judicial District. From 1865 to1867 he was alone in his practice, when thefirm of Cassoday & Merrill was formed,which lasted five years. That firm was succeededby Cassoday & Carpenter, the lateSenator, now deceased, and continued untilJudge Cassoday was promoted to the SupremeBench.Prior to this election he had been somewhatprominent and active in local andnational politics. He had been a Republicanever since the party was organized. In1864 he was a delegate to the Baltimoreconvention which renominated Lincoln, andwas placed upon what was that year themost important committee, that of credentials.In 1864 he was elected to the Assembly,and during that session served withcredit on the Judiciary and Railroad committees;and again in 1876 he was elected tothe General Assembly from his district. Hewas then chosen Speaker of tliat body, withouta dissenting vote from iiis party, and inthis place he displayed his native ability,serving with decided distinction. In 1879ofhe stumped the State for the Republicancampaign, making many forcible andtellingspeeches for his party, and the same year waschairman of the Republican State Convention.In 1880 he was a delegate at large tothe convention at Chicago, and was chairmanof the delegation. He presented to the conventionthe name of the late E. B. Washburneas a candidate for President, in aspeech that was worthy the man and theoccasion, and later, after supporting hisfavorite candidate as long as there was anyhope, he announced the vote of the Wisconsindelegation for James A. (Tarfieid, which brokethe dead-lock and resulted in the nominationof that gentleman. lie took an active partin the campaign, making speeches over theState, as he had up to that time in almostevery presidential election since the organizationof the Republican party.On November11, 1880, he was appointed AssociateJustice on the Supreme Bench to till thevacancy caused by the promotion of ChiefJustice Cole to the office made vacant by thedeath of Chief Justice Ryan. Judges Coleand Cassoday were elected by the calls of thebar and the people, without regard to party,and excepting a few scattering ballots receivedthe entire vote of the State, JudgeCole having 177.522. and Judge Cassoday177,553. In 1889 lie was re-elected withtluf entire vote of tiie State, receiving thelargest ever eiven in tiie State to one man.In the American Law Review, of July, 1892,we find the followinij: "The law school ofthe University of Wisconsin is in many respectsvery favorably situated. The universityis located at the capital of the State,where the Supreme Court, the courts of theUnited States, and also the State courts ofnisi prius for Dane county, hold their sessions.The Legislature also meets there, and

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 2G7the presence of these courts has enabled theregents to attach to the faculty several eminentjudges, among whom may be mc-utionedMr. Justice Oassodaj, of the SupremeCourt of Wisconsin, whose opinions havebeen long distinguished for soundness, andwhose conclusions for the thoroughness oftheir search." Mention is made in the samework that the decisions of the Supreme Benchof the State have placed it third among itssisters in value, and the standing of its decisionsis ranked next to New York andMassachusetts.The Chicago Legal News publishes manylegal extracts of the judges of this court.As a lawyer, Judge Cassoday was one oftliebrightest and most successful in the State.From the outset of his career he showed aclear, analytical mind, well balanced, cooland cautious, but the success he obtainedcould only come from downright iiard studyand work. While in practice he was devotedto his profession, thorough and methodicalin the preparation of his cases, andskilled and judicious in their management.Always true to his client, and equally true tohimself and the court, intensely anxious tosucceed, but always just and courteous to hisopponents. lie took luitUing for granted,but went to the bottom of every (juestion,and the members of the bar who attemptedto rake after him found but scant gleaning.In his arraignments, his clever manner ofpresenting each particular case, and his completemastery of the questions involved, gavehim a rare power, and caused him to belistened to by court, jury and bar, with theutmost attention and respect.While makinghis profession a general practice, he wasespecially interested and successful in wills,patents and trademarks. As a politician hewas sagacious and unflinching in his fidelityto the interests of thepeople and the fundamentalprinciples of the Republican party.He is an American and a liepublican of thebest sort, coupled with a thorough comprehensionof all the great fundamental questionsof the times, which combine to makehim a clear, accurate thinker, most effectivein argument. Since 1886 Judge Cassodayhas been a law lecturer in the law school ofthe university, and his present theme is willsand constitutional laws, of which he is completemaster.His lecture to the law class oflSS4r portrayed his idea of the true lawyer,and was a masterpiece.As a man Judge Cassoday is exemplary inall walks of private and public life. Heis a Ciiristian gentleman and an honest man.He has an educated conscience, a large heartand a ])ractical sympathy, a tender regard foryoung men who are struggling for an educationand a higher life. He is an attractiveman personally, his somewhat deep-set, sharpand steady eye, firm lips, strong chin, andhigh, well-proportioned forehead, allare outwardsigns of this rare man, and with hisuntiring industry and a continuation of hispresent good health, must exercise amarkedinfluence in molding and building up thejurisprudence of the State.fRANK A.TURNER, a telegraph operatorof Stoughton, was born in Bran-.f don, Vermont, September 23, 1832, ason of Solomon and Rhoda (Westcott) Turner,also natives of that State. The fatherwas a boot and shoe maker by occupation.When our subject was aliout eleven years ofage the parents removed to Washingtoncounty, New York, and in 1855 came to

268 BIOOHAPUICAL REVIEW OFDane county. The mother is deceased, andthe father now resides inStoughton.Frank A., the eldest of four children, attendedthe conimou schools in both Vermontand New York, also a select school in theformer State one year. After completinghis education he began farming in Danecounty, Wisconsin, and later embarked in thegrocery business inStoughton, which he conductedalone with the exception of two years.Mr. Turner then began the study of telegraphyin the city, under O. M. Turner and11. H. Giles, remaining with the former tenyears, and with the latter only a few months.He was then engaged in the grocery businessthree years, and in July, 1881. was employedas agent for the Chicago, Milwaukee it St.Paul Railroad, where he has ever since remained.Mr. Turner was married May 16, 1865, toMary H. Westcott, of Dunn township, Danecounty, and a daugliter of John S. Westcott,a farmer by occupation. Mr. Turneratbliates with the Democratic party, hasserved as president of the Village Board, andas Supervisor of Dunkirk township.Socially,he is a member of the Masonic order, KegonsaLodge, No. 73.lALPlI L. J3ABC0CK. a farmer ofDane county, Wisconsin, was born inMadison county. New York, August10, 1859, a son of Ilaraden R. and AdeliaI)..nnet (Beebe) Babcock, both born andreared in that county, where they still reside.Tlie I'amily are retnarkahle for their longevity,the paternal grandmother having lived tothe age of ninety years, dying in 1891. Theparents of our sul)ject reared a family of threechildren, two daughters and oue son. Nettie,the eldest daughter, is married, andresides in Attica. New York; Lois is thewife of Professor Longworthy, a professorof the Colgate University at Hamilton, thatState.Dalph \j. the only son, was reared on hisfather's farm, and was given a common schooleducation, also attending the Colgate Academyand Colgate University. In 1880 heleft his native State and came West,locatingin Albion township, Dane county, Wisconsin,which he has made his permanent abode.Mr. Babcock has been a popular, progressiveand successful farmer, and has in his charge212 acres of the fertile loam so characteristicof his adopted township. lie raises a varietyof crops and also live stock. He is a believerin the McKinley high tariff, is Chairmanof tiie township Board of Supervisors,and has been Side Supervisor for the pastseven years in succession.Mr. Babcock was married November 1,1880, soon after his arrival in Albion township,to one of its fairest daughters. MissMartha L. Longworthy, who was born andreared in this township, and was given a collegiateeducation at AUiion, Wisconsin, andRockford, Illinois. To this union has beengiven one son, Harrold H., born November14, 1884.I^RA«|^^^--11. GERARD, a lumberman ofii. Dane county, Wisconsin, was born inSparta, Middlesex county, Canada,March 9. 1850, a son of Norman and Jane L.(Brown) tierard, natives of Vermont andNew York, respectively. When our subjectwas si.x months old, the parents removed toWinnebago county, Wisconsin, where thefather engaged in lumbering. The mother

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 200died in 18(11, and tiie father now resides atCentralia, tiiis State.Era H. Gerard attended the conmionschools, and after completing his educationbegan work in a shingle mill at Appleton,Wisconsin. Two years later he was employedin his father's general store at Omro; twoyears afterward took charge of his father'sshingle mill; and in 1872 began the lumberbusiness inWood county, haviini; erected twomills while there. In 1880 Mr. Gerard beganbusiness independent of his father, openinga retail lumber trade in Wel)ster City,Jowa; in 1881 sold out and went to Austin,Minnesota; three years afterward embarkedin the same business in Centralia, Wisconsin,anil in 1886 came to Stouirhton. He nowconducts a general sash, door, blind and lumbertrade.Mr. Gerard was married, April 28, 1872,to Harriet M. Grout, then of Omro, Wisconsin,but a native of Canada. She is a daughterof E. P. Grout, engaged in the mercantilebusiness. Our subject and wife have twochildren: Ora B., aged seventeen 3'ears; andMilo C, aged si.\ years. Mr. Gerard is aKepublican in his political views, but hasnever sought office. Sucially, he is Secretaryof Ketronsa Lodcfe of Stoutrhton.I^EVEK H.SEVERSON, of Stoughton,Dane county, was born in Grimsrud,Tillemarken, Norway, November 2,1840, a son of H'elge Sigiirdson and BirgitOlsdatter, also natives of that country. Theycame to America iii 1842, locating in Racinecounty, Wisconsi '1, where the father wasengaged in farming two years They thenwent to the settlement of Koshkonong, Danecounty.19Sever H., the eldest of three children, whogrew to years of maturity, spfiit his earlylife on a farm, and attended school aboutthree months in each lantjuaee. At the a^eof seventeen years he left home and wasemployed as a clerk in a Mr. Blackman'sstore at Stoughton. Two years later heengaged in the same business with A. Peterson,but one year later, in 1860, sold hisinterest to James G. Baker and went toPike's Peak, Colorado. He was engaced inmining there six years, after which, in 1866,he came again to Stoughton, entering thelumber business in the spring of 1867, and twoyears afterward he entered into partnershipwith C. A. Bronson & Co.Mr. Severson subsecpientlybought his partners' interests andcontinued the business alone for the followinirnineteen years, havinir had the largestlumber trade in Stoughton. In the spring of1886 he sold out to Lovejoy & Richards, andthen entered the leaf tobacco business, andwas also employed in collecting old accounts;in IS'JO embarked in the grocery and tobaccotrade; was later engaged in collecting oldaccounts; and in the spring of 1891 openeda sample room in tiiis city. Owing to thevillage having passedan ordinance prohibitingthe sale of liquor he discontinued thebusiness after one year. In the spring of1892 Mr. Severson engaged in the marblebusiness. He is at present publishing a seriesof articles of his experience at Pike's Peak,and his book will be finished in about twomonths.May 24, 1866, our subject was united inmarriage with Gurine Peterson, and theyhad four cliildren: Ilattie P>elle. Henry ('.,Abraham Lincoln, and Theo Benjamin. Themother died November 4, 1884, and January1, 1866, Mr. Severson married Rari Peterson.He affiliates with the Republican party.

;o BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFhas held the office of Trustee of Stonghton,ami has also refused many offices. Religiously,he is a member of the Lutheran Cliurcli.fAMESE. FISHER, the oldest furnituredealer of Madison, was lx)rn inNottingham, England, Octol)er 2,1836. Uis father Edward Fisher was bornin Wales and was there reared. When avouuf man he moved to Nottingham toengage in the manufacture of lace, in wliichhe became very successful andcontinued hisbusiness until 1845, when he came to Americaand located at Madison. About 1847 hereturned to Nottingham, England, and remainedtwo years, when he again made thejourney to America, accompanied by hisfamily, consisting of a wife and three children.They embarked from Liverpool on thesailing vessel Plymouth Rock and landed atBoston thirty-five days later. From that citythe little family made their way, via railwayto Buffalo and thence on the lakes to Milwaukeeand from there by teams to Madison.At this time Madison was a very smallvillage and not a line of railroad was in theState of Wisconsin. The greater part of theState was uninhabited except by the Indians.There were no convenient markets and producewas very cheap, consequently money,scarce. Teams sold for twenty-live dollars ifgood security was given. Mr. Fisher hadmoney of his own, so engaged in the profitablebusiness of loaning money to those lessfortunate and continued it until his death,which occurred in 1852. The maiden nameof his wife was Charlotte Dutton, of the samecity as her husband. She died in 1885 afterrearing the following children: Angelina,Anna and James E.Our subject was the only son and receivedhis earlv tdncatiou in the schools of Nottinirliamand after cominjj to Madisonattended the public school for some time;After his father's death, he left school tolearn the trade of cabinet-maker and servedthree years' apprenticeship, after which heworked for a year, until 1857, when heengaged in business for himself and hascontinued to carry on business in the sameblock ever since.. He has been in the mercantilebusiness for a period of thirty-fiveyears, a longer business career than any otherman in Madison, Philo Dunning excepted.lie has erected a tine new brickblock, threestories high, on his old site in which hecarries on a flourishing business.Our subject was married in 1885, to MaryG. Rundle, born in Saratoga, New York, andshe has borne him one chikl, Edward Jan)e9.Mr. Fisher is a member of the EpiscopalChurcli, in which he is an influential person.In politics he is a stanch Republican, l)uthas never sought for political distinction oroffice, prefering to use his influence as aprivate citizen.-|^«^^-OLONELGEORGEW. BIRD.—Among the most prominent and successf\ilmembers of the Madison bar isColonel George W. Bird, who was born inMilwaukee, Wisconsin, on July 28, 1837, theson of Colonel A. A. and Charity (Le Claire)Bird. The family came to Madison duringthe same year of our subject's birth, and inthis city he was reared to manhood. liegraduated from the University of Wisconsinin June, 1800, having taken the ancientclassical course. As one of a committeewith Senator William F. Vilas, he revised

D.INE VOUKTY, WISCONSIN. 2.1the constitution and by-laws of the HesperianSociety, one of the leading literary societiesof the university, of which both wereineiubers. He was also chairman of thecommittee ofthat society that conducted thecontroversy with the Athenian Society in1860, well remembered liy the older students,as ittime.excited much interest on the Hill at theHe preserves in careful keeping manyinteresting mementoes of the university'searly daj's; among others, the original draftof a poem written by the first graduate,Charles T. Wakeley, and famous in collegecircles at the time; the students' originaladdress of regrets to Chancellor Lathrop onliis retiring from the institution. The hitteris in the handwriting of Colonel Vilas andsigned by nearly allthe students, but becameso worn in passing from hand to hand forsignature that it was discarded and one onparchment more carefullyand elegantly preparedwas presented to the chancellor, andthis one preserved by the Colonel. He hasalso copies of the mock and other commencementschemes of early days.He commenced the study of the law intheoffice of Smith, Keyes & Gay, July 5, 1860,and after two years' study, was admitted to thebar of the Circuit Court of Dane county, thenpresided over by Judge Harlo S. Urton,now an honored justice of the SupremeCourt. Subsequently lie was admitted topractice in the Supreme Court and the FederalCourts, including the Supreme Court ofthe United States. 4'Tio'ig the noted caseswith rt'hichhe has been connected as leadingcounsel and attorney may be mentioned thefollowing: The Watertown Bond Litigation,which involved something over $3,000,000,and continued some fifteen years. It wasprosecuted through allthe State Courts, Circuitand Supreme, and also the Federal Courts,District, (Jircuit and Supreme of the UnitedStates. Colonel Bird eonducteil the defensefor the city, and was entirely successful atevery step, thus finally relieving the city ofan immense and crushing debt. The ablestlegal talent of the C(_)unti-y was arrayed againsthim in the progress of the litigation, amongotliers Senator Matthew H. Carpenter, SenatorWilliam F. Vilas, Senator Edmunds of Vermont,G. A. Jenks of Pennsylvania, ami Jenkins,Winkler and Flanders of this State.The defense of the Jefferson and WaterlooBond Litigatiitn was also intrust(M_l to (!olonelBird, and resulted successfidly for thosemunicipalities.In the Curranmurder case, originating inPortage and tried in Waupaca county, hewas employed by the county to assist thedistrict attorney. The case excited greatinterest throuorhoiit tlie State. The Curranbrothers, Henry and Jolin, prominent capitalistsat Stevens' Point, were charged withthe murder of W. W. Haseltine, a leadinglawyer of that city. John Curran shot andinstantly killedthe latter on one of the mainstreets of the city in the forenoon of townmeetingday, 1888, and Henry Curran wasclaimed to have aided and assisted in theshooting. The defendants admitted the shooting,but claimed that it was done in selfdefense.The trial lasted upward of twoweeks and involved the relation of the partiesand their conduct toward each other reachingover a period of ten to twelve years. A verystrong case of self-defense was made out bythe proofs and an acquittal on that grouinlfollowed.Colonel Pird was also associated witii ColonelJohn C. Spooner and General C. E.Estabrook in the Wisconsin gerrymandercases, in which was settled the importantprinciple tliat courts are properly clothed

272 BIOORAPHIGAL REVIEW OF* witli jiirisclictioi) to pass upon the constitntioDiilityof Mpportioninent laws. Tliat decisionis considered of vital importance to tliecontinued existence of free popular government.The Colonel made extemled researchand e.xamination into tlie principles of lawinvolved, and his arguments were pronouncedby the court, it is said, among the ablest evermade before it.He was also the attorney for X. S. andWalter S. Greene, the owners of the MilfordWater Power, in the defense of the milldamlitigation against them. It was the mostimportant litigation of the kind ever institutedin the State. More than a dozen suitswere pending at one time in the differentcourts, State and National, anil involved intheir trial the condition of the country forthirty miles about the mill power since 1837.The defense was entirely successful in everycase, the right to maintain and use the damas it was being maintained and used beingfully estaljlishod by the judgment of thecourt. Colonel Bird was also the attorneyfor the det'endants in the Watertown, Jefferson,Ixonia and other important milldamlitigations.He resided at Madison until 1863 when heremoved to Jefferson, Jefferson county, andcontinued in the practice of his professionthere until December, 1886, when he movedback to Madison, where he still resides. InMay, 1864, he enlisted in Company D, FortiethWisconsin Volunteer Infantry, and wasSecond Lieutenant of that company. He wasmarried October 2, 1864, by Rev. N. E.Cliapin at Aztalan, Wisconsin, to Miss MariaS. Sawin, who was born July 12, 1845, at LaPorte, Indiana, and wliose mother taught theiirst school in the city of Madison. Fourchildren, all l

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 273Ohio, wliere they reuniined until 1829 or1830 and finally s^t^ttled at Lawi'enceburwh,Indiana, from which place Mr. Spooner cameto Madison, June 1, 1859.September 11, 1839, he was married toMiss Lydia Lord Coit, a daughter of theHon. Roger Coit, of Plaintield, Connecticut,"A fit companion for such a man" as has beenelsewhere recorded of her, and they had sevenchildren, four of whom survive their honoredfathei-, namely: John C, of Hudson, Wisconsin,who for six years so ably representedhis State in the United States Senate; PhilipL., Jr., firstInsurance Commissioner of Wisconsin,an office held l)y him for nine years,also a Mayor of the capitol city; lioger C,Assistant Insurance Commissioner and twiceelected Chairman of the Dane county Republicancommittee; and Mary C, wife ofDr. J. W. Vance, who was through all theyears of her father's failing eyesight, as anotherhas so beautifully and truthfully said,"Like unto the daughter of the immortalMilton," in her loyalty and devotion. Themother and wife died August 28, 1881.On the death of Mr. Spooner interestingand appropriate proceedings were held inCircuit Court for Dane county, inthethe IhiitedStates District Court and in the SupremeCourt of the State, in which his brethrenof the legal profession, united in sincereencomiums upon his sterling traits of character,as a man and citizen and his eminentability as a lawyer. The panegyrics ofthese gentlemen, who knew him so well aslawyer, and loved and respected him soasincerelyas a citizen, are placed upon the recordsof the courts, in which he and theypracticed together, and are enduring memorialsof his life and service, an exemplar forthe coming generation of lawyers and anopen record to all. No better and truer accountof Mr. Spooner's citizenship and of theestimation in v^liich he was held by his colaborersin the profession could be obtained,than by transcribing some extracts fromthespontaneous and heartfelt tributes of hismemory, the voluntary offerings of thosewho best knew his personal virtues and exaltedlegal attainments.The late Judge A. J5. Braley said of him:"As a lawyer he possessed immense strengthand exhibited consummate ability. He waslogical, critical and clear. He was alwayscool, calm and collected, never aiming at ornament,but went straitiht to the center.The ample resources of his intellect were alwaysat his command. Words and sentencesflowed from his lips withwonderful deliberation.He was slow in his utterances, buthis language was marked with that carefulprecision, wdiich indicated thought and preparation.The fabi-ic of his arguments wasalways erected upon solid masonry. He laidhis foundations deep, and then built layerafter layer, until when he had tinished yousaw before you a beautiful superstructure,systematic, and logical in all its proportions.He never seemed to pause to catch a word,but every sentence he uttered w'as formedand constructed before it came to his lips,and when it was spoken it often surprisedyou with its emphasis. Judge Spooner'smind was essentially and exceptionally pure,and the habits, actions andmanifestations ofhis life were marked by that same purity.He was not only a very able man, but an exceptionallygood one. No acts of dishonor,no questionable habits, no words even of impuritycan be conjured up to his long life tocast a single blemish u])on his noble memory.Wliat a proud fame he has left as arich hei'itage for his children! Far betterthan goods or lauds, money or bank stock,

274 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFfor these things will pei-ish aiui fade away,while a pure and honest name remains forever.It is pleasant to be able to say suchthings of the dead."The late Hon. Alva Stewart, Judge of theCircuit Court for Dane county, said fromthe bench: "As a lawyer I had known Mr.Spooner for about a (quarter of a century,and almost from the time he made this cityhis home. What I say of him will relateonly to him after he came here. I rememberwell the tirst time 1 ever saw him. 1then heard him argue a ease in the SupremeCourt. 1 was sitting by the side of ChaunceyAbbott, now dead, but then one of themost prominent lawyers ofthe Madison bar,then, as now, amons; the ablest bars in theState— and ho said to me, as Judge Spoonerarose, and commenced addressingthe court:'Listen to him and see with what wonderfulclearness he will present his case.' I did soandfound that the prediction of Mr. Abbottwas correct."Hon. J. 11. Carpenter, Judge of theCounty Court of Dane county, and presidentof the Bar Association of that connty, said:that, " as a lawyer, in some respects he waswithout a peer. The legal points in a cause,as represented by thefacts never escaped hisattention. Ih; was so constituted that hecould examine with patience allthe facts for,and against his client in a cause, and protectthe client's interest as few lawyers are ableto do. llis life was an exemplification of aChristain character worthy oF our admiration.He could state a legal proposition with remarkableaccuracy and precision, and couldfortify his proposition with logic as nearlyinexorable as human intellect ispermitted tomake it. As a citizen he was quiet and unobtrusive,but here also he acted well hispart. To the claims of charity he gavefreely of his substance.In his home he waschief, loved and revered. Judge Spoonerprepared for the end of this life and the beginningof the next."Plon. I. C. Sloan, a member of the lawfaculty of the State University gave thishigh testimony: "In my judgment JudgeSpooner was a remarkable man, and one possessedof extraordinary courage. lie illustratesas well the great merit and strengththat exists in repose of character or that resultsfrom a well-balanced mind,—facultiesharmniously arranged in rehition to each other.He settled here in early days and from thattime his reputation ever grew. Perhaps hisstrides of advancement were not as rapid asother men, but withal his gi-cat mind grewas time went on. Judge Spooner possessedwhat is called a legal mind,—a mind thatleads to the front ranks in the profession oflaw. He possessed the reasoning faculty ina high degree and thereby he was cotnpletelyenabled to compare, measure and weighquestions and solve legal problems. Theword of censure I have never heard spokenof Judge Spooner, but as a man he was reveredand honored. In the legal professionhe stood in the front ranks, not only of theState, but of the country. No client's rightssuffered that were intiiisted to the hands ofJudge Spooner and as an example for youngmen of the legal profession to follow he waspre-eminent and without a peer."Gen. E. E. Bryant, dean of the law department,said: "He had the first requisiteof a great lawyer, a character above reproach,above suspicion, free from tiie frailties thatsometimes mar great talents. As the trueChristian exemplifies his religion, so Mr.Spooner in his life and his intercourse anddealings with his fellow-men illustrated thathigh sense of duty, that Imnor. justice, con-

DANE COUNTY,WISCONSIN.sideration of the rights of others, whicli arethe essence and sjjirit of tlie hiw. To himtlie law was the rule of conduct, and to irsmandates he conformed his life in the spiritof true obedience. He rendered to everyman his due in leu^al right, in courtesy, inrecognition, in kindly intercourse, in charityand sympathy. And so his life was l)lameless.Not ostentatiously nor by profession,but by daily walk and life he lived the Christiangentleman, and showed always how wellthe kindly grace, the honorable bearing, theguileless spirit, can blend with the courage,the force and the aggressiveness in professionalencounter of the truer lawyer, liewas all his life a student. In his practice hewas famed no less in Wisconsinthan in Indianaand Ohio, where his earlier professionallife was spent, for his studious preparationof his cases. When dean of the facultyhe could never do enough probing to thebottom and leading his students to do so,forthe true rules and doctrines of the law.Even when in the late evening of life he hadretired from practice and from connectionwith this college, he stillloved to study cases,and for pastime kept informed on the importantcases before the courts. In profoundlegal learning he is among the very first whohave adorned the legal bar of the State.His knowledge wascomprehensive, accurateand critical. He knew the law, its principlesand doctrines. He knew what was in thebooks and he had reflected long and patientlyupon it, until his mind was a rich storehouseof judicial lore, all arranged and at command.In the preparation of his cases heopened the way for success. He deemed ithis dutv to examine a case thoroughly. Inhis investigation he viewed the case thoroughlyfrom all sides. He studied it fromthe adverse side to find itsvulnerable points.He cross-examined his client and witnessesin the council room withrelentless scrutiny,and drew from them every point and detailof their knowledge. He viewed the case inall its aspects and was guarded from attackfrom every quarter. He was rarely ever sur-])rised. Every contingency had been providedfor, every assault anticipated; and theantagonist soon found that an alert, waryand thoroughly equippedmaster was againstliim. He went into the court thoroughlyinformed as to the facts of his case and as tothe law. In tiie courtesy of the l)ar hisbearing was admirable. Gentle, unostentatious,he was fair to his opponent and conducteda legal conti-oversy as it should beconducted, without irritating personalities,or the querulous orcpiarrelsome spirit so oftenannoying to courts, jurors antlwitnesses."In legal arguments he was the admirationof the bench and liar. To him all menloved to listen, and his students hung uponhis words. He was one, who by long andlaliorious ascent had climbed to those high tablelandsof the law, where men see withclarified vision, in all its symmetry andbeauty, the broad domain of jurisprudence.Such men, venerable in years, imbued withthe learning, the spirit and the ethics ofthelaw, seem like seers and prophets, in the. ripenedwisdom gained by so long study of thenoblest science within reach of finiteHon. Orsamus Cole, thenminds."(!hief Justice ofthe Supreme Court of AVisconsin, bore thishigh testimony of the legal abilities of MrSpooner: '-Indeed he might be said to bemaster of every branch of law. He certainlywas distinguished for great learning and attainments.In arguing causes his mannerwas calm, deliberate and unimpassioned.II is language was clear, plain and forcible.He never indulged in rlietoric or any appeal

276 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFto the emotions. He had great powers ofanalysis and possessed the rare faculty of beingable to grasp a legalor abstract propositionand iiolding it before the mind,so to speak, as one might a visible objectbefore the eye, contemplating it from allpoints of view, eliminating whatever wasimmaterial or non-essential and finally extractingthe real principle, the heart andcore of the matter and applying it tothe facts of his case. He was a consummatemaster of pure reasoning; hispropositionswere bound togetherlike chain armor;by close, severe logic; and one who wouldoverthrow his propositions must have strengthto crush the entire argument, forthe propositioncould not be answered iu detail."Judge Pinney, now an Associate Justiceof the Supreme Court, at the memorial exercisesbefore the 'Circuit Court of Danecounty, in a long and appropi-iate tril)ute toJudge Spooner, said: >'The many graduatesof the law school, now active, useful and influentialmembers of the profession in theNorthwest will cherish his memory with anaffectionate regard, and long remember thepainstaking accuracy and clearness of statement,and facility of illustration, whichcharacterized him in all his personal intercourse,and social and business relations.Judge Spooner never souglit office or notoriety,lie was ever modest and unobstrusive.His enjoyments were in the home circle,with his books, his studies and his cliosenfriends. Mo official position, none of thedignities and honors so much sought afterand struggleil for in life could have addedanything of wui'th to his character, or thetrue rei;ard and esteem in which he was heldby all who knew him. In his arguments incourt he was careful, accurate and exhaustive.His manner was earnest, serious andalwaysconsiderate and respectful, and we bearin kindly remembrance the pleasure, satisfactionand advantage, which we have derivedfrom our personal and professional intercoursewith him, and the benefit the barhas received as a whole, ou account of his attainmentsas a lawyer, and his personal integrityand example."Mr. T. J. Lamb, of the Madison bar, veryfeelingly said: "1 count it one of the peculiarand happy privileges 1 have enjoyed,that at a comparatively early period in myprofessional life, I was associated with JudgeSpooner for a number of years on terms ofthe closest intimacy in the practice of ourprofession. During those years 1 think Icame to know our deceased brother well. Ican speak with the assurance of accurateknowledge of those qualities of characterthe man, that now claim, for his survivingassociates and this court, those tokens of respectand honor we now and here offer tohis memory,— the eulogy ofindeserved praise.1 shall not attempt discussion of the manynoble and honorable qualities of head andheart and life, which distinguished our departedbrother, although I may say that inruling his own spirit and fashioning his ownlife, with a nice regard to its force and effecton his own character, and the character andwelfare of all his neighbors, and those whomhe might influence, he was the peer of anyof his contemporaries. He loved justice andwas always ready to yield it to an opponent,as well as to demand it for his client.It wasfrequent saying with him that one shoulddemand nothing more than was his right,and be content with nothing less.His senseof honor was lofty, and not only were hisacts honest, but the very habit of his tiioughtwas righteous. I do not think the logic ofhis activities could work on any other than

DANE COUNTY, WISGONnTN. 377the strait;ht and honest lines of truth.Actnateiland coutroUed by these and kindredqualities of character in his intercourse, andcontests with his brethren at the bar, and inadvocacy before the tribunals of the Stateand nation, it is not strange that he passedtlirough a long and busy life in active practice,without making an enemy, but on thecontrary always winning the respectand regardof his brethren at the bar and goldenopinions from the judges who heard hismasterly arguments and witnessed the exertionof his splendid al)ilities in behalf ofthose whose rights he championed beforethem. A beautiful and noble spirit hasgone from among us, but there remains, andwill ever remain to those who know hisworth and life a fragrant memory, the recollectionof a pure and noble life lived amongus, sullied by no deserved reproach,—dimmedby no unworthy deed."Mr. Spooner was of English extraction,his ancestors having been of the old Plymouthcolony, among the little band of pilgrimswho early came to this country to be thefounders of a great nation, a band, "whobuilded better than they knew," while theancestors of Mr. Spooner's beloveil wife, tlieColts, are of Welsh extraction, and as llildrethhas it, to be reckoned "among thePuritan families of New England."The writer of this sketch first became acquaintedwith Judge Spooner during thetime his eldest son was Assistant AttorneyGeneral in our capitol and he used often toobserve how the son conferred with the fatherupon the various difiicnlt legal questionswhich came up for consideration before theState Law Department. Certainly he couldhave found no riper, or safer counselor, yetsomehow, the reliance of the young lawyerupon the riper experience of his fatherbrought to mind the beautiful and suggestivelines ofSchiller:"How beautiful and granil 'tis, band in handWith a dear son, t.> tread youth's rosy patli,Again to dream once more tlie dream of life.How sweet and great, imperishable inThe virtue of a child, to live for ages,Transmitting good unceasingly! How sweetTo plant what a dear son will one day reap,—To gather what will make him rich,— to feel-How deep will one day be his gratitude!"^ZPtA W. RICHMOND is a successfulfarmer and stock-raiser of York township,Dane c(junty, Wisconsin, whomakes a specialty of the breeding of Gallowaycattle. He is the son of Peres 15. Richmond,and the grandson of Brightman Richmond,the latter a farmer, late ofLivingstoncountv, New York, and a native of Massachusetts.Brightman had been edtu-ated forthe law, and been admitted to the bar, butbucolic life had greater charms for him. Hemarried Lucy Osborne, who bore him fivechildren, namely: Peres 1!., the fatlierof oursubject; Lucia, wife of Daniel Bosley, deceased,lives in Livingston county. NewYork; Caroline M., wife of Nathan Piatt,living at Hornellsville, New York; EdwinR., married, deceased;and Elizabeth, wife ofA. Spinnings, living near Mt. Morris, Livingstoncounty. New York.Peres B. Richmond was born in Livingstoncounty. New York, May 30, 1809; receiveda good education, having a common schooland academic training; was reared a farmer,made two trips to Ohio, and then located someland, which he subsequently sold.Peres wasmarried March 12, 1835, to Miss HarrietWarner, of Lima, New York, and in the followingyear removed to Allegany county.New York, where he bought 100 acres oflaud; improved it to some extent, with

378 BIOaBAPHIGAL REVIEW OForchards, good buildings, etc.; lived upon itfor eleven years, meeting with fair success;then, in 1847, he sold itand went to Milwaukee,by canal to Buffalo, and by the lakesfor the remainder of the distance, leavinghis family behind, as he was prospecting only;visited a brother in Milwaukee, and thenwent to York township, Dane county, Wisconsin,where lie bouiiht 400 acres of Governmentland on sections 3 an 4, less fortyacres, which were improved; this being thesame farm that is now occupied by our subject,and the one upon which his fatherafterward settled.in Porthind, and aslie also bought forty "acresmany more near Waterloo,his total investment being about §'1,800.This was in June, 1847, and as soon as hehad completed his purchases he returned toNew York; in the fall came to Milwaukee,and was in the merchandise business with hisbrother in the winter of 1847-'48. In theSpring of 1848 he bought a pair of horsesand a wagon, with which he drove across thecountry to New York, taking with him acrazy woman and child, whom he left at anasylum in New York, and arrived aftertiiirty days, about April 1, at his home. Hestarted on his return trip in September, accompanyingthe family, by the canals andthe lakes, and upon arrival at Milwaukee,took the family to York township, having fortheir occupancy a house of hewn logs, one oftiie best at that time in the county. Thedate of their settlement was October, 1848.Promptly the work ofimprovement went on;crops raised, wheat being the principal grain;barns and other outhouses and fences iiad tobe built. Considerable teaming was done,no less than seven trips to Milwaukee havingbeen made the first winter, sleds being used;wiieat Ijringing from forty to fifty cents perbushel.The family of the father of our subjectoccupied the log house until 1862, when hebuilt the present comfortable frame residence.In the year 1882 he moved into Columbus;poor health causing him, ia 1887, to go toNew York, but he returned the followingyear, August 23, 1888, and he died in the oldhome, and was buried October 3, 1888, in thecemetei-y at (Jolumbus. The mother of oursubject died August 24. 1884, atRed Cloud,Nebraska, while on a visit, her body beingbrought back and interred in the cemeteryat Columbus. She was the mother of sevenchildren, namely: Lucy J^., wife of O. A.Southmayd, living at Helena, ilon tana; EzraW., our subject; Caroline M., married SamuelC. Smith, was a widow and died; DanielB., died at six months old, in New York;George B., married Alice Policy, living atPhcenix, Arizona; Edward A., married CarrieMcGuire, now at Sabetha, Kansas, hedying at Geuda Springs, Kansas, September20, 18G9; and Fred O., married Hattie Millett,living at Sabetha, Kansas.Oursubject was born inGranger, Alleganycounty, New York, September 11, 1837;wasbrought up on the farm and came West withthe family in 1848; went to school in NewYork, and was taught by a master at home;was a pupil in the old log cal)in on section4, York township, and attended college oneyear. After this he taught school in the townof Columbus, when twenty years old, andlater, in Missouri—twelve terms altogether;while teaching at the former place heformedthe acquaintance of Eliza Bowen, who)n hemarried November 28, 1861.She was a nativeof Ithaca, New York, born August 9,1841; her people natives of New Jersey, andher ancestors being from France and England.Her parents removed to Wisconsin

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 279in 1842, settling near Jaiiesville, and nowlive near Columljus, Wisconsin.Mr. Ricbinond taught school for threewinters after his niarriatre, making his homeat Columbus; then lived there for five years,moved on a farm in York Centre, boucrht 160acres there, on section 15, which he improvedand settled upon in the fall of 1866, continuedthere until March, 1867, and then soldout. This step jiroved a prrititalile one, as hemade $700 profit, the farm being an improvedone.lie next bought sixty-five acresin the town of Sun Prairie, on section 24,the same being improved; and here he madehis liome about fourteen years, his farmingproving quite protitable. Then he came tothe old homestead, consisting of 287 acres,his father havini>; removed to Columbus,farmed it under a lease until he came intoownership from the estate. Mr. Richmondhas kept the farm up in excellent shape,doing general farming until 1883, when hebought a herd of seven Galloway cattle,onemale and six females, imported, which he haskept pure; has registered and selected thebest for breeders; has sold a great many, andnow has a great, fine herd of fifty recordedanimals, one of the very best in the country.Mr. and Mrs. Richmond have live children,all living, as follows: Mabel, born May 30,1869, at home; Hattie, born May 15, 1873;Bradford B., born February 23, 1875; Elizabeth,born January 2, 1877; C!arrie A.,born July 10, 1880; all living at home.Mr. Richmond has 272 acres of good,well-improved land, to which he has givencareful and close attention, making his businesssteadily profitable. Henry Shermanowns the eighty acres located by his fatheron section 4, and David Lasky owns sixtyacres of the old home tract, located by hisfather at an early day. Mr. Riclimond is aRepublican in politics, and while too busy tobold office, is ready in liis loyalty to theparty. Mr. and Mrs. Richmond, as well asMisses Mabel and Hattie, are memliers ofthe PresbyterianfOIINChurch.DOHM, Postmaster at SpringfieldC'ornei-s, Dane county, AViseonsin, wasborn in Wilkes Barre, Luzerne county,Pennsylvania, in 1846, a son of John andTheresa (Stab!) Dohm, natives of Westphalia,Germany. The father was married previousto his union with the mother of our subject,and they had one son and two daughters.In 1836 he came to America, and two yeai-safter landing in New York he sent for hiswife and four children. They afterward removedto Pennsylvania, where the fatherworked at the stonemason's trade; nextcame by water to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, andthen by team to Dane county. They remainedon a farm seven miles south of Madisonone and one-half years, and inIn1848 purchaseda small place one-half mile south ofSpringfield Corners, where both afterwarddied of cholera. The father died August 4,1854, aged sixty-one yeai-s, leaving his widowwith eight children. The mother died August11, same year, leaving five of her ownchildren. Our subject was then eight yearsof age and being one of the younger children,lived among friends two years. Thechildren were then brought home and weretaken care of by the elder brother, WilliamA., and a sister, Emily, wife of ValentineHack.John Dohm, the subject of this sketch,was earlyinured to farm labor, and receivedf)ut few educational ailvantages. At the ageof sixteen years he left home and worked as

280 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFa farm liand for 812 per month.At the at^eof eighteen years he enlisted in the late war,in the Forty-fifth Wisconsin Infantry, CompanyK, under Captain Lasche. He tookpart in no battles, and was mustered out ofservice with his regiment, July 17, but onaccount of sickness at Nashville, Tennessee,did not reach home until the followincr August.His half i)rutiH'r, Peter Doliin, was anearly volunteer from Pennsylvania and wasslain in battle. His sister's husband, ValentineHack, a volunteer in the i^^inth WisconsinInfantry, was also killed, leaving hiswidow with one son. After the close of thestruggle Mr. Dohm followed the blacksmith'strade in Springfield Corners two years, nextfarmed on rented land, and in 1871 beganteaming in Madison; and next was employedas a sewing-machine agent, but in which helost money by the failure of his employer.In 1876 he was employed by the SingerSewing Machine Company at Dane station.He followed the same business in Lodi ashort time, and in 1880 opened a blacksmithshop at Dane station, with a partner. In1885 Mr. Dohm opened a shop at SpringfieldCorners, which he continued until 1890, andthen was obliged to quit the business on accountof rheumatism. He next bousrht apart of his present building of Theodore Sick,for which he paid $900, and where he nowhas a good public hall, a large hotel and asaloon. For a time he has also been engagedin the sale of agricultural implements. Mr.Dohm has served as Deputy Sheriff fouryears, as Township Treasurer three years.School Trustee six years, and he has held theoffice of Postmaster since 1888.June 9, 1868, our subject was united inmarriage with Mary Klief, a native of thistownship. Her parents came to this countryfrom Germany, in 1847, and both died ontheir farm in this county; the father at theage of seventy-four years, and the mother, atthe age (>f sixty-one years. At their deaththeyleft two children, a son and a daughter.Mr. and Mrs. Dohm are members of theCatholic Church, and the former isa Republicanin his political views.'OHN W. GREEN, ofMiddleton, Danecounty, Wisconsin, was born in Sheffield,England, November 1, 1846, a son ofThomas and Ann (Kay) Green. The fatherwas born in Wadsley, a suburb of Sheffield,England, and was engaged in the saw trade,as were also his ancestors for severalgenerationsbefore him. He died in Sheffield atthe age ofthirty-four years, and his wife departedthis life at the same place, agedtwenty-nine years.They were the parents ofseven children, four of whotn still survive,three sons and onedaughter.John W., the subject of this sketch, remainedat home untiltwelve years of age, oruntil his parents death, then spent two yearsin a boarding school, after wliich he servedan apprenticeship of seven years in a grocerystore. His parents had inherited the estatein England known as Farrier's Arms, whichafterward became the property of our subject.He also received an interest in twelvetenement houses in Sheffield, opposite SirJohn Brown's immense works. This SirJohn was knighted by the Queen of Englandon account of his ingenuity in inventingdifferent devices used in his works. Whileserving his apprenticeship in the grocerystore, Mr. Green also studied nights, and thebitys there associated themselves together ina kind of night school, occupying the largebuilding known as the Mechanics Institute.

DANK COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 281Tlie more enligliteneil ones were selected asprofessors or teachers, and our suhjcct wasplaced at the head of a class, teaching shorthand,etc. He could then take down 125words a minute. At that time he alsostudied French and Latin, and is now as proficienta scholar as one-half of tlie collegebredmen. After serving liis a])prentice8hipMr. Green worked on a salary one year,travelino;, bookkeeping, etc., for the house,receiving about $300 a year. In September,1868, he came to the United States. Hefirst worked three months in Dayton, Greencounty, Wisconsin, then worked by themonth seven years for R. Green, of Middleton,Dane county. lie then bought a onefourthinterest of Mr. Green, and in1886 hepurchased the entire business, where he hasever since remained. lie handles grain,wool and fai'mmachinery, and notwithstandingthe encroachmetits of railroads on histerritory, and consecjuently more com]ietitivepoints, he stillships more wool and grain thanany other shipper on the i^rairie du (!liiendivision of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St.Paul railroad. He is assisted in his Inisinessby Solomon Freenian, a colored man ofrare intelligence, who was given his freedommore than half a century ago by AbrahamBush, formerly of Middleton, now deceased.In his political views Mr. Green affiliateswith tlie Republican party, and his first presidentialvote was cast for U. S. Grant. Hehas served as a member of the School Board.In 1868, in England, our subject wasunited in marrian-o with Miss Annie Morton,who was born in that country .January 10,1848, a daughter of Henry and Sarah (Skinner)Morton. The father a silversmith bytrade, has followed that occu])ation throughhis entire life, acquiring a business of hisown about seventeen years ago, which helias conducted very successfully at Sheffield,England. His parents, .lohti andMary Morton, were born in l^irmingham,England, and died in Sheffield, that country,the father at the age of seventy-twoyears and the mother at eighty-eight years.They were the parents of seven children,three now living. The mother of Mrs. Greendied in England, in 1884, aged sixty-oneyears. She was a daughter of Matthew andAlice (Wells) Skinner, natives of Sheffield,where they both died, aged between seventyand eighty years. The Mortons are descendedfrom a noted family in England. Mr. and]\Irs. Green have seven cliildron, as follows:Emily S., born March 10, 1860; Mary E.,November 29, 1870; Bertha M., Marcii 17,1873; Morton K., December 6, 1876; WiUardS., October 20, 1878; John IL, Se]itember14, 1882; and Ethel B., October 12,1885. Mr. Green reflects his learning andambition in his family, as not only his wifeis a highly refined and accomplished lady, buthis children are exceptionally brilliant. Onedaughter. Bertha, received a first-class certificatefor teaching school at the age ofsixteenyears, graduated at the high school ot Middleton,ami also took first prize in the Freshmancontest at the Wisconsin University atMadison; and Emily has considerable musicaltalent, with a large local reputation as ;isinger. Mrs. Green is a meiiilier of thePresbyterian Church.I^ON. JOHN S. FRARY, a prominentresident of Oregon, Wisconsin, is thesubject of the present sketch. He wasl)orn in Haverhill, New Hampshire, October26, 1821, his father, Elisha, having been bornin Connecticut, and his grandfather, also

282 BIOGRAPniCAL REVIEW OPElisha, was of the same State. Tlie grandfatherwas a miller by trade aud followed thisoccupation in New Hampshire and Vermont.He resided in Haverhill some years, butspent his last ^-ears with a daughter at Norwich,Vermont.The father of our subject went to NewHampshire when a young man, and he andJohn Page, who later became Governor ofthe State, went into the woods together, andwent into the manufacture of shingles, whichthey rived by hand and carried them on theirLacks from their camp to the nearest road.Later our subject engaged in milling, andoperated mills in New Hampshire and Vermont,spending his last yeai's in that State.The maiden name of the mother of our subjectwas Mary Stearns. She was born inVermont, and died inOrange county, in thatState. The parents of our subject rearedeleven children, as follows: Nathaniel E.,Mary A., Lucy, Harriet, Susan, John, Jede-(liali. Sarah, Elisha S., Eliza and Albert.The latter went South l)efore the war, andwas at Charleston when the first gun wasfired at Fort Sumter, was forced into therebel army and was killed. Elisha served inthe Union army.Our 8nl)ject commenced when young toearn his own living, and at ten years of agecommenced work in a woolen mill, where atfirst he earned one dollar a week, workinghimself up rapi

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 283three children, Grace, Winnie and Philip S.Louis graduated from the Oregon HighSchool and then from Rush Medical (Joilcge,Chicago, and now practices medicine inOregon,lie married Dora Kingsley.Our subject has been a Republican sincethe forination of the party, and has tilledmany of the positions of trust. In the fallof 1864 he was elected to the State Legislature,and served his constituents faithfully.lie was an Odd Fellow, and a member ofOregon Lodge, A. F. & A. M.WSlirlEORGE P. DELAPLAINE, a nativeof Philadelphia, son of Joseph and JaneAnn Delaplaine, came to Milwaukee inDecember, 1835, accompanying Captain GarretVliet, a United States Engineer, who,during the year 1836, subdivided into sectionsGovernment lands situated in the landdistrict of Milwaukee.Mr. Delaplaine settled in Milwaukee andduring the year 1837 had charge of the mercantilebusiness of Mr. Solomon Juneau, anearly pioneer of that locality, agent of theAmerican Fur Company. He moved toMadison in June, 1838, and became secretaryto the United States Comtnissioners ofPublic Buildings, who were then constructingthe Territorial capitol.Subsequently hewas appointed by Governor Henry Dodge,Auditor of Pul)lic Accounts for the Territoryof Wisconsin, following which h(> served asprivate secretary for (liovernor Dodge, andthen in1848, upon the admission of Wisconsinas a State, acted in the same capacityfor,Governors Nelson, Dewey and William A.Barstow.In 1861 lie was appointed on the militarystafi' of Governor Alexander Randall, andsince then has resided in Madison.His father, who was an autlior ami publishedin iMlo " Delaplaine's Repository ofthe Lives and Portraits of DistinguishedAmerican Characters," died inPhiladelphia,in 1824. The subject of this sketch wasmarried in 1841, to Miss Eineline T. Smith,by whom he had four daughters.^^ll^ILBER W. WARNER, one of theWWsuccessful and prominent representitivebusiness men of Madison, Wisconsin,where lie has the leading and mostextensive music house in the city, was bornin Lockport, Erie county, Pennsylvania,December 20, 1850. His parents were WilliamC. and Susan (Partridge) Warner, thefather a native of New York State and themother of England; she, however, coming totheUnited States when sixteen years of age.The Warner family is an old one, both intliis country and England, the genealogybeingeasily traced back to1600, at which timethe family was found living at Gloucester,England. In about 1625 Arnold S. Warnercame witli his family to the American colonies,settling in Massachusetts with the Puritans.The family went from Massachusettsto Connecticut in aiiout 1696, and the oldhomestead of tlie Warners at Chester, Connecticut,is still extant. For the past eightgenerations they have lived inthe old homestead; and in Saybro(jk township, that State,are buried the great-grandfather and othermembers of the family. In 1780 the grandfatherretnoved to the State of New York,locating in Cambridge. Prior to the war of1812 he was an innkeeper at Rome. Heserved with the American army throughoutthat struiTtrle as a farrier, renderinjf moreservice individually in that capacity than he

284 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFcould probably have done as a soldier in theranks. He was a man of powerful build andof herculean strength, and lived beyond thealloted " three-score years and ten." Thematernal side of our subject's family wasalso well known, they came from I^e (irave,Bedfordshire, England, in 1785, and first locatedin Cortland, Kew York, where membersof the family reside at the present time.They were educated and cultured people, severalof whom were members of the clergy.William C. Warner was born at Rome, NewYork, in 1813. lie received only a commonschool education. The marriage of he andhis wife took place at North East, Pennsylvania.To their union nine children wereborn, five of whom are living, the survivingones being: Edwin, a contractor of Madison,Wisconsin; Frank, a merchant of Sumner,Washington; Anna, wife of E. Dane, an extensivecranberry grower, of Mather, Wisconsin;and Ella, wife of C. A. Kyan, formerlyof Baraboo, Wisconsin, but now aranchman of considerable prominence ofSlautrhter,Washington.The father came to Wisconsin in 18i)2, andlocated at Baral)oo, where he died July 24,1882. He was a prominent business manand at one time was a miner in Colorado.He also served a term as Postmaster at Baraboo,Wisconsin, during President Buchatian'sadministration. Our subject was threeyears of age when he came with his parentsto Wisconsin. After attending the schoolsof narai)0O he entered the preparatoi'y departmentof the University of Wisconsin,where he remained three years, leaving as amember of the sophomore class of '77. Whenhe was twelve years old his father removedto CTilpin county, Colorado, wliere he engagedin mining. Although but a boy young Wilh)erpossessed a remarkable faculty for locatingvaluable mines and was the discoverer ofsome of the most valuable mines ever locatedin those localities. As an evidence of hisability and value in this direction his fatherdeclined an offer of $50 per week for his servicesinlocating lodes.While at Central City our subject discoveredthe famous " Wilber ''mine (named forhim), which in six months from the time ofits discovery sold for 820,000. At the timeof the location of this mine, Dr. Updegraff, ofBaraboo, purchased a half interest in it for$25. Two years were spent by our subjectin Colorado. Before he was twenty-oneyears of age Mr. AV^arner made three tripsacross the country by team to Colorado.Healso located the celebrated " Idaho," fromwhich mine was taken the finest specimensilver ore exhibited at the Centennial Expositionat Philadelphia, in 1876. Upon leavingthe university our subject began his businesscareer as a salesman in the music store ofH. X. Clark, in Madison, which business wasestablished by the W. W. Kimball Company.His rise in business was rapid and afterone year as salesman he was given chargethe establishment. During the first tenyears of his career he indorsed paper to theamount of $60,000, all of which he paid atpar with interest.ofofBeginning with a capitalof S300 in cash, he has, by industry and enterprise,and the exercise of his naturally tinebusiness talents, built up a trade of considerablemagnitude, easily establishing himselfat the head of his line in Madison and Danecounty, and by the practice of only honestand legitimate methods and principles, hasat the same time made for hiiuself a splendidreputation financially and socially. In allhis life he has never failed in discharging anobligation, meeting all when due, and histrade have come to rely implicitly upon his

^-^rrn Jr. yo-iied-.

DANE COUNTY, WT8G0NSIN. 28",won! tlie same as his Iiond. lie cdiitiiiiics todeal witli the W. W. Kimball Company,mainly in pianos and organs, and aside fromhis large retailbusiness has an extensive jobbingtrade. He is a thorough and practicalbusiness man in all that term implies, andgives all his attention to his trade. lie takeslittle or no interest inpolitics, never permittinghis name to be used in connection withany public office. He is posse sed of extraordinarytalent and fitness for his line ofbusiness, and with his splendid executiveability, could handle with ease a much largerhouse than that warranted by Madison.Buthe has not allowed liusiness to absorb all ofhis time, to the exclusion of thelife.pleasures ofI'eing of a geuial and pleasant tempermeiithe has quite a circle of friends andacquaintances.He is quite a linguist andspeaks flnently both the French and (xermanlanguages. He has a taste for art and paintings.Mr. Warner was married on May 13, 1875,to Miss Medora A. Finster, of Pulaski, NewYork, who is the daughter of Sherman W.Finster. Mrs. Warner, who is a charminfand accomplished lady, was educated at thePulaski Academy. One son has been bornto Mr. and Mrs. Warner, Paul S., bornAugust 21, 1876. He is- attending the MadsonIliijhSchool.They now reside at Evansvillc, in that county.Our subject had oiui sister, who mari-ied .1 . .'\.Pettigrew. but isnow deceased.Purr W. Jones spent his early lib^ on afarm, and afterward attended the EvansvilleSeminary, lie then entered tin; Un'iversityof Wisconsin, at which he graduated in 1870,and the following year finished th(; law courseof that university. Mr. Jones also taughtschool several winters to assist in defrayinghis expenses at school. After leaving theuniversity he entered the office of ColonelVilas; in the winter of 1871-"72 began thepractice of his jtrofession atPortage, (Jolunibiacounty, W^isconsin, and a short time alterwardformed a partnership wifii Alden S.Sanborn, of Madison, wl^o was later electedCounty Judge. This partnership lasted anumber of years, after which our subjectpracticed alone until 1874. Since that yearhe has been associated with General A. C.Parkinson and F. J. Lamb, although he iKnvhas no partner.In 1872 Mr. Jones was elected DistrictAttorney of Dane county, on the Democraticticket, which position lie held lour years; in1882 he was elected a member of Congressfor two years, from the old Third (yongressionalDistrict, which was hopelessly Republican.In 1884 he was renominated, but wasdefeated, his party being in the minority;but he ran largely alusad of his ticket. Althoughii] Congress but a single term, the|URU W. JONES, a rcsidetit of Madison,Wisconsin, was born at Union,Rock county, Wisconsin, March 9, 18-16,a son of William and Sarah M. (Prentice)Jones, natives respectively of western Pennsylvaniaand western New York. The fatherdied in1855, and the mcither afterward marriedLevi Leonard, a pioneer of Rock county.20record shows that he took an active part inthe debates and public business, and part ofthe time lie was the acting chairman of theimportant Committee on War Claims. Puthis Congressional career was cut short by thertstoration of peace in the Republican ranks,and the election of Hon. R. M. La Follettein 1884. For the past two years Mr. Joneshas served as City Attorney of Madison, and

•iMI BIuailM'UlCAL REVIEW OFfur tlie past seven years has been one of thefaculty of the law de])artment in the WisconsinUniversity, and is lectnrer on DomesticRelations and the Law of Evidence and Corporations.Mr. Jones was married in December, 1873,to Olive L. Hoyt, a daughter ofL. W- Hoyt,late of Madison, and to this union has beenborn one child, Marian 15. Except duriuo;the time Mr. Jones was in Congress, he hasalways devoted himself exclusively to hischosen profession, and has won the reputationof being one of the leading lawyers of hisState. In every political campaign he hasbeen in great demand as a public speaker,and has often delivered public addresses onother occasions.Our subject was the chairman of the lastDemocratic State Convention, and his namehas often l)een mentioned in connection withother public honors, which he has declined toaccept.Although Mr. Jones has been drawninto considerable prominence in politicalaffairs, he has never sought or asked a nominationfor any public office, and his tastesare those of the lawyer and student. He hasalways been devoted to the interests of hiscity and community, and hardly any measureof improvement during the last twenty yearscan be mentioned with which he has not beenidentified. The Madison Times says: "Hissuccesses as a lawyer have already won forhim a wide reputation, which extends beyondthe borders of "Wisconsin, and althoughpitted against the ablest counsel that moneycould employ, lie has been eminently successfulin his causes, many of which involvedlargo amounts of money. He is universallyliked by all the students because of his learuing,clarity of exposition, and courteous,gentlemanly demeanor."^ipSON. SEREXO W. GRAVES.—A well-%W\ known historian has said that the most"^i obscure resident of a community, if hehas reached mature life, has had experienceswhich, if truthfully told, would both interestand instruct his fellow-creatures. No doubtthis is true, and how much more is it true ofone of the most prominent residents uf acommunity who for many years has taken aprominent position and has faithfully performedthe many public duties intrusted tohis care. In calling attention to the subjectof this sketch we find that his life has beenfull of change and that he occupies a prominentposition in his county, possessing tiieesteem of his fellow-citizens and the respectof all with whom he has come into contact.Sereno W. Graves was born in Berkshire,Franklin county, Vermont, October 11, 1810,a son of David J. (t raves, who was born inLeominster, Massachusetts, and his grandfatherCaptain Peter Graves was, as far asknown, born in the same place and commandeda company in the Revolutionarywar. Captain Peter spent his last years inLeominster, and his wife, was married asecond time to Colonel John Poynton, andspent her last days at Weatherstield, Vermont.The father of our subject was tliree yearsold when his father died and his mothermarried again two years later and removedto Vermont and located at Weatherstield andhere our subject's father was reared. Aftermarriage he removed to lierkshire andbought timber land and built the log housein which our subject was born. Mr. Gravesresided at this place until 1832, when he losthis farm and returned to Weatherstield andlived thvire until 1S47. at which time heremoved to Wisconsin ami spiTit his lastdays in the town of Rutland. He was twicemarried, the maiden name of his first wife,

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN.the mother of our tiubject, being Polly Leland,who was born in Grafton, Massachusetts, adaughter of Joshua andTliankful Leland, ofCiiester, Vermont, lint she died on July 4,1817. The maiden name of the second wifeof our suiiject's fatiier was Sally Colboth,of Vermont and she died in Rutland. Fourchildren were born of the first marriage andlive by the second.Our subject was reared and educated inhis native town. There were no railroads inthat section of cor.ntry nor any of what weat tl\istime regard as the necessary adjunctsof civilization. Tlie people were mostly poorand lived upon tiie products of the land, butthe meagerness of tiieir li\es made them allthe more interested inthe lives of others andneighborly kindness and interest were therule amono; all. What nolile men and womenliave come from the secluded portions of theNew England States, and what wonderfulmarks they have left behind them!Thrifty habits were inculcated in bothsexes and the industrious mother of oursubject labored without ceasing, spinninga!id weaving, and all of her family werearrayed in garments, not only made by herown skillful hands, but the cloth was alsoproduced in the same manner. Money wasscarce and debts were paiil in cattle andstock. The pioneer schools were taught in logcabins, with only the merest excuses forteachers and with no opportunities at all foranything beyond the most pi-imjtive inethods.When eighteen years qf i\ge our subjectwent to Chester to live with hisgrandfatherLeland, where he remained until tlie deathof this kind man two years later, at whichtime he returned to Weathersfield and livedwith his aunt, attendinu- the farmand goingto school. This last occupation was very congenial,as he hail a very intelligent understandingand was most anxious to learn.Four years passed by in this way and tluMiour subject started out in life as a teachei-,following tliis profession in the winters andfarming during the summers until 1841,when he bought a farm in Weathersfield andlived upon it until 1S43, when he sold it andJune 10, 1844, accompanied liy his wife hestarted for the far-away Territory of Wisconsin,feeling snre that the great West heldpossibilities which a resident in the Eastcould never reach. The trip was commencedby team to Troy, New York, where the travelerstook the Erie canal foi- their i-ide acrossthe State ami upon landing in l>utialo took asteamer to Milwaukee, landing there June26. He left his wife in Milwaukee withhis cousin, D. A. J. Upliam, and startedto seek a location for a permanent home,accompanied liy Jonathan Lawrence andhis son Frank, and finally drifted to Danecounty. At that time the country was luitsparsely settled and liut tiiree families livedin the town of Rutland. All the land wasGovernment land, and our subject selected atract that is now included in his presentfarm.Our subject walked to Milwaukee, fromthere to Waukeska and there workedthrough harvest. September 1 he hired ahorse and buggy and drove to iiis frontierhome, and his wife was pleaseil with the land.Here he concluded then to settle and his wifereturned to Milwaukee andentered the land,consisting of 280 acres: then Mr. Gravesbought a pair of oxen and a cow, commencingto cut and hew logs for the new house.Beforelong a comfortal>le log cabin was erected andthat same fall housekeeping was begun enthe place.Tliis log house has been replacedby others since, but Mr. Graves has resided

288 BIOGIiAI'niGAL UK VIEW OFon the old farm since, althoucrh lie rents theland.In 1841 our subject was marrieci to MissMalinda Blakcsley, born in Weathersfield,wliere siio died in December of the same-year.In 1843 he married Meivina Dennisona native of Ludlow, Vermont, hut she diedin Rutland December 28, 1845. In 1846hemarried Mary (Read) Dudley, a native ofPlaintield, New Hauipshire, a daughter ofSilas Read and widow of Charles Dudley.Mr. and Mrs. Graves have three living children:Ellen, who married La Salle C. Brewerof Evansville; Marinda, who married C. A.Cole of Evansville;and Leland, the efficientmanacrer of the farm.In public life our sul)ject has become wellknown in the State in which ho has lived.In 183() he joined Captain Aldricli's companyof State Militia and was made Second Lieutenant,but in 1837 the company was disbanded,l)\it that same year a petition wasmade to the Legislature that another companymif^ht be organized. The petition was grantedand when the company was organized our6ul)ject was made Captain and later was made!Major and was still later promoted to beColonel, holding that position until his departurefor the West.Soon after locating here Mr. Gravesbecame interested in public aifairs, his intelligenceand active mind requiring him to bemore tlinn a mere tiller of the soil. Formerlyhe was a Whig in politics and may be saidto have been one of the founders of theRepublican party.Since those early days inthe Territory he has been called upon to fillvarious (>ffices of trust. For si.xteen years hewas County Surveyor, and Deputy. Seventimes has lie beun elected on the Town andCounty l)oard of Supervisors. In 1848 he waselected Justice of the Peace and with theexception of one year has served as such since.Also his time has been required as Road Commissionerand as Town Clerk. In 1861 hewas honored further by being elected to theState Legislature, and in all of these positionshe has l)orne his part as a man of honesty andstrict integrity.IPsON. GEORGE W. STONER,one of the\'m\ oldest residents of the city of Madison,"^•Is Wisconsin, is the subject of the presentbrief notice.A residence of so many years ina locality, which has changed as much as liasthis portion of Dane county, must have hadmany interesting experiences and, if spacecould be awarded in a work of this kind, nodoubt the personal adventures of our honorablesubject would fill the book from cover tocover. When he located here, the great city,which is now known the world over, was buta settlement of two log houses.Our subject was born at Euclid, near Cleveland,Ohio, September 14, 1880, and is theeldest son and fifthin order of birth of sevenchildren, four girls and three boys, born toJohn and Magdalena Stoner, natives of Marylandand Tennsylvania, respectively. JohnStoner grew up inMaryliiiKl and learned thetrade of cabinet-maker, which he followed for atime in Pennsylvania. He enlisted in ihi:war of 1812 and served to its close, afterwhich he was iriarried, and with bis youngwife removed to Ohio. They continued toreside there until all their children but onewere born, when the limited products derivedfrom a few acres of heavily timbered landbecame insufficient for the support of a largeand growing family, and they sought the broj^dand fertileprairies of the, then, far West, andin 1837, started overland to the Territory of

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 289Wisconsin.The last child born to them wasthe first white male child bom in this city,andwas named Madison Stoner, In honor ofthe place. He is now living in Denver, Colorado,being connected witii the health departnientof that city.John and MagdalenaStoner, the parents of our subject, startedhere in the most primitive style and wereobliged to undergo many hardships, endureprivations and self-denials, which should maketheir memory honored by those who havecome later and now enjoy the lienefits of civilization,which could only have been securedby the efl'orts of the pioneers. Their livesended here and they passed away respectedby all who knew them. John Stoner was oneof the first cabinet-makers in Madison, andwas prominent in the management of affairspertaining tothe growth and development ofthis new city and county. He was the firstTreasurer of Dane county, and is yet rememberedas a man of unsnllied character, thoroughlyhonest in all his dealings with mankind,and strictly temperate in all his habits,havinjj never indulged in the use of tobaccoor strong drink of any kind. In politics hewas a firm Jackson Democrat.The family removal took place from Euclid,now Lake county, Ohio, when our subjectwas seven years of age, the trip being madeoverland and consuming just four weeks.They arrived in the new location September6, 1837, at four o'clock in the afternoon, thisbeing the first wagon that had ever comethrough from Janesville, Wisconsin. Theyhad to drive through the oak openings andopen prairies without a road or trail of anykind, guided only by the aid of blazed treesmade by a party ofsurveyors who had run aline through but a short time before.Arrivedin Madison, they were fortunate in securinga rudely constructed log cabin, witli an oakshake roof, without a floor, door, or window, oreven a fireplace, for which they paid the sumof $200 in cash.tiieThis cabin was built beforetown was laid out, and after a survey hadbeen made, proved to be in the center of NorthHamilton street, near Fourth Lake, wliere itremained for many years, until ordered removedby tile street superintendent. Thiswas antedated by but few in tliis locality, andwas one of the first houses from which grewthe city of Madison.Our subject was one of tlie first pupils atthe State University,having attended sclioolin the red brick in 184!J, where tlie highschool building is now located. In this connectionmay be appropriately mentioned anarrow escape from drowning, whichhe sustained.On the afternoon of September 1,1852, while out alone on one of our beautifullakes in a fine new sail-ljoat, and when nearthe center of the lake, a severe wind stormsuddenly sprang up, capsizing his boat, whichbeing heavily ballasted with stone, rapidlysank to the bottom, leaving Mr. Stoner to themercy of the swells and l)linding storm, witiinothing to cling tobut an empty gallon jug,tiglitly corked. To this he clung with deathliketenacity for over three hours, and wasdriven by the furious wind and rain for a distanceof three miles, when a dark object atlast loomed in sight, which proved to be theshore.The boat has never been recovered andstill reposes at the bottom of the lake. Mr.Stoner owes his rescue from a watery graveto his perfect coolness in the face of danger,self-possession and the agency of the jug.After completing his education he went, in1855, to Prairie du Chien, where he engagedin the land agency and insurance business forfive years. He then joined the " innumerablethrong " in pursuit of gold, crossing the plainsto Pike's Peak in 1860, and visited, what is

290 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFnow the city of Denver, Colorado, before therewas a house in tlie place. Remaining therethronirh one season, he I'etnrned home, wherehe continued to reside for many years, fillingvarious clerical positions inthe different Statedepartments about the capitol. In 1869 hewas elected Clerk of the Circuit for Danecounty, the duties of which office he discliariredwith credit to himself and entire satisfactionto the members of the bar. lie hasbeen Enrolling Clerk of one l)ranch or theotiier of the Wisconsin Legislature formorethan twenty years, having first been appointedin 1859. under L. H. D. Crane, Chief Clerkof the Assembly. He has filled every clericalposition in that body except that of ChiefClerk. He was also Enrolling Clerk of thelower honse of the Colorado Legislature forthree successive winters, and is thoroughlyconversant with the duties of that importantoffice.Twelve years of the adventurous life of oursubject was spent in Colorado, roughing itamid the mountain wilds and snow-clad peaksof the old Rockies, engaged in mining andmining enterprises, with varied success.Leaving a temperature of sixty degrees belowzero, with the snow from three to four feetdeep, in the Gunnison country in the winterof 1888, in three and a half days' travel hewas enjoying the Halian skies of SouthernCalifornia, where flowers were in full bloom,grass several inches high, and lawns as freshand jireen as in midsummer in the NorthernStates. This sudden transition was trulywonderful and can better be imagined thandescribed. Here he was engaged for fouryears in the lumber business and the cultivationof fruit. He obtained 160 acres of choiceGovernment land in Fresno county, one of therichest and most productive portions of theState. This he designs devoting exclusivelyto fruit. His experiences on the frontier ofthe far West are of the deepest interest, as hehas had some remarkable escapes and hastraveled over a large scope of territory. Heis a prolific writer for various periodicals, andhis clear, terse style makes his letters fromthe far West veryinteresting.In the fall of 1857 our subject was marriedto Miss Abbie Noonan, a native of Montgomerycounty, New York, and a sister of .1. A.Noonan, formerly Fostmaster of Milwaukee,who was one of the most prominent politiciansin the State, now deceased. Mrs. Stoneris a lady well-known in Madison and amongher neighbors near No. 146 East Gorhamstreet, where she now resides. Her home isregarded with the greatest afl'ection on accountof her neighborly kindness and sytnpatliy.Mr. Stoner stillretains a warm love for hisold Wisconsin home, around which cluster somany cherished memories of early pioneerdays. He is one of five of the oldest inhabitantsleft in Dane county, and is highly esteemedby all his old friends and associates.,,^^ANIEL HUMPHREY, of Mazo Manie,Dane county. Wisconsin, was born inRrescott, Ontario, Canada, January 7,1820, a son of James and Mary (McDougal)Humphrey. The mother was born in Glengary,Ontaiio, of Scotch parentage, and thefather was a native of Johnstown, New York.They were the parents of twelve children,ten of whom lived to years of maturity.Daniel Humphrey, the subject of thissketch, received a good education and wasreared on his father's farm. At the age ofeighteen years he began Inmbering in Canada,rafting his products to Quebec, whichhe continued about tiiree years, and for the

follosv'inir three years was engased in tuwinglumber from Montreal to Quebec. He wasnext employed in constructing the road fromOgdensburg to Boston, next received tlie contractfor grading and ballasting the Prairiedu Ohien division, in 1858 assisted in gradingand relaying a railroad track from Havanato Matanzas on the Island of Cuba,and remained there until the news arrived ofthe bomliardment of Fort Sumter. Mr.Humphrey then embarked for his native land,on the Quaker City. He came immediatelyto his farm of 260 acres inDANE COUNTT, WISCONSIN. 291Wisconsin, whichhe had purchased while grading the i-ailroadin this State, and engaged in agriculturalpursuits from 1861 to 1888. In the latteryear he sold his farm and erected his residenceon a part of the old homestead, wherehe lias since livcil in retirement. At onetime Mr. Humphrey erected a cheese factoryon his place, and after running it a numberof years sold out to a stock company. Hereserved considerable stock and was electedpresident of the concern, which position heheld about ten years. He is a lover of goodstock and at one time raised large numbersof Ilolstein cattle and blooded horses.Our subject was married at Janesville,Wisconsin, February 26, 1855, to SophroniaHamilton, a native of Allegany county.NewYork, but who removed to Milton, Wisconsin,with her parents when a child. Mi', andMrs. Humphrey have one child, Jennie, nowthe wife of W. M. Curtis, a lumber dealer ofMount Horeb, Dane connty, Wisconsin. Mr.Humphrey gives but little attention to politicsand has never sought public ofHce. Bothhe and his wife are members of theMethodistEpiscopal Church of Mazo Manie.fDWARDSHAKP, a plasterer, livingat No. 228 Mills street,Madison, Wisconsin,came to this city in 1860, andbegan work as a journeyman at his trade,being for some years in the employ of JamesLevesey, leaving him in1853 to go into businessfor himself. For inany years he had anumber of men working for him, doing alarge amount ofamong other jobs doing jiart of the plasteringof the State capitol and of tiieconti'act work in plastering,insane asylum,and foui' of the university buildings. Thesewere his largest public contracts, but he hasdone very many private ones in the city ofMadison. Mr. Sharp retired from activebusiness about five years ago. He was bornin Hastings, Sussex county, England, May26, 1818, of pure English stock, his peoplebeing numerous in Hastings, where his parentslived and died at an advanced age.EdwardSharp, father of our subject, was,throughout his life, a sailor on fishing smacks.His father, Edward Sharp, Sr., owner of manyfishing boats, lived and died in Hastings,England. The latter's father likewise livedand died there. The grandfather of our subject,Edward Sharp, Sr., was married to aHastings lady, of goodfamily, whose fatherwas a prominent owner of trading vessels,plying between London and Hastings. EdwardHastings. Jr., father of our subject, wasmarried to a girl of Rye, England, whosemaiden name was Elizabeth Nash, and whoseforefathers were for years in the Governmentservice, being the managers of Governmentcutters that looked after smugglers, etc.died ofSheconsumption, when about forty yearsof age, being nearly or quite the last of afamily that was wiped out by that dreaddisease.Our subject was brought up to the tradeof a plasterer, serving about seven years under

298 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFa Mr. Thorn, of Hastings.years old, having completedWhen twenty-twohis term of service,he went to London, where he worked athis trade, six years as a journeyman, threeyears as foreman and four on his own account,when he came to the United States,taking passage at Liverpool December 10,1849, and landing at New Orleans February14, 1850. From the city last named he proceededup the Mississippi to St.Louis, wherehe worked at his trade, and in the followingAugust took his family to Dane county, Wisconsin,locating them on a farm in Sun Prairietownship. Ue then returned to St. Louisand continued to work at his trade until tiiefollowing spring, when he rejoined his family,who had lived in a neighbor's granary forsome months or until a small house could bebuilt on the new farm;but soon after his returnMr. Sharp decided to give up farmingand return to his trade. Our subject hasbeen successful ever since, having laid up agoodly sum for his last years, the reward ofskilled work and of faithful attention to business.Mr. Sharp, our subject, was married December25, 1833, at Hastings, to Miss Ann E.Watkinson, born May 6, 1810, in Linconsliire,daughter of Joseph and Elizabeth (llallj Watkinson,natives of Lincolnshire, but who removedto Hastings when Ann Eliza was achild. Mr. and Mrs. Watkinson came withtheir dangiiter and their son-in-law, Mr.Sharp, to the United States in 1849, subsequentlyliving with their children until theirdeatli.the wife and mother passing away soonafter their landing at St. Louis, at tiie age ofabout fei.xty years; but Mr. Watkinson liveduntil 1881, when he died at the home of hisdaugliter, Mrs. Sharp, in Madison, agedninety-four years and five months. Mr. andMrs. Watkinson were members of the MethodistEpi.^copal Church.Mr. and Mrs. Sharp, of this notice, havelived together as man and wife for fifty-nineyears, in love and affection, the peace andhappiness of their home being a truth worthyof record as example for others. They areparents of three children, namely: WilliamW., who died when past three years of age;Lydia, wife of Tliomas Winterbottom, a plasterer,living at Rockford, Illinois; Emma W.,wife of William Grime, a farmer, living inBurke township, Dane county, Wisconsin;also an adopted son, John, a plasterer, husbandof Mary (Hray) Sharp, residing at thehome of tiie sulnect. Edward Sharp was formerlya Republican, but is now a I'rohibitionist.He has been a member of the MethodistEpiscopal Church since 1829, and hiswife has been of the same connexion fromearly childhood.tAN S I N G W. H O Y T, now deceased,died at his liome in the city of Madison,Wisconsin, September 30, 1892. Hewas one of the pioneers of Madison, wasborn in Onondaga county, JS'ew York, June26, 1817. His father. Philander Hoyt, wasa native of Stamford, Connecticut, or of Danbury,the same State, and came of old NewEngland stock. He grew up a farmer andlater married Miss Perces Wilcox, who wasborn in Great Parrington, Massachusetts,and came of Massachusetts parents. Aftermarriage. Philander Hoyt and wife settledin Onondaga county, New York, and thereengaged in farming, but in 1822, Mr. Hoytdied , being only thirty-two years of age.During life he had been prominent in localaffairs and had taken great interest in the

DANE COUNTY, M'ISCONtiTN. 293Presl)yterian (church. The Iloyt familywere all members of that tleiiomination.After his death, Mrs. Hoyt married a secondtime, in Onondaga county. This alliancewas with Deacon Erastus Baker, and theyafterward lived in the same county untiltheir decease. Mr. Baker lived to be aboutseventy years of age, and his wife, aboutlifty-six. They were prominent members ofthe I'resbyterian Church.Our sniiject was but live years of age whenhis father died and he was reared by hismother, becoming her support inShe had been a teacher,later years.was a woman of raregifts and was extraodinarily familiar with thepoets of her time. After her second marriage,he set out for himself having receivedhis education in the schools of the countyand at Homer, New York. Later, when ofage, he went to Bergen in Genesee county,New York, and there became a clerk in astore, later becoming a partner when the firmwas known as Hubbard & Hoyt, continuingfor some years. Prior to this he had been ateacher for some time in the public schools.He started out a poor boy and all that heever possessed he made for himself. Formany years he literally followed the scri|)-tural injunction of giving one tenth of hisincome to charity and the church.Our subject came west to Wisconsin in1849, and after some months spent in Milwaukee,in the fall of 1850, he came to Madison,where he remained until his lamenteddecease. He became interested in difi'erentbusiness enterprises, in which he was successful,and had built for a residence one of themost beautiful liomes which adorn the bluffoverlooking lake Monona, whei-e he spentthe last twenty-one years of his life. Hewas one of the first members of the CongregationalChurch of Madison, and for morethan forty years was a Deacon in that denomination.He had held the office ofTreasurer of Dane county, for years was aRepublican and later an advocate oftemperanceprinciples. Always self-sacrilicing, hethought often ofthose who lacked the needfulthings of lite, and his sympathy was everready, accompanied with his purseto alleviatetheir wants.Oni' subject was one of the liardworkingmen of the world and his means came to himby a steady application to business and asterling honesty in all of his dealings. Thefirst marriage of Mr. Hoyt was in Bergen,New York, to Miss Louisa G. Pierson, whowas born and reared inthat State, a daughterof Rev. Josias Pierson who was, foi- morethan sixty years a pastor of a Pi-esbyterianChurch in the State of New York and whodied in Bergen when full of years. Mrs.Louisa Hoyt died inBergen in the prime oflife, after the birth of two daughters, who hadpassed away before her death. Mr. Hoytwas married a second time in La Fayette,Onondaga county, New York, to Miss MellieWilliams. She was born and reared thereand was educated. She was the intelligentand amial)le daughter of Dr. Chauncey andBetsey (Cole) Williams, natives of Great Barrington,Massachusetts, and Pennsylvania,respectively.Dr. and Mrs. Williams were married inLa Fayette, New Yoi'k, and settled there,whei-e the Doctor practiced liisprofession forabout fifty years, dying when sixty-sevenyears old to a day. His wife surviveil hima littlemore than a year, dying at the age ofsixty-three years.Mr. Hoyt was associated inbusiness withthe well-known firm of Fuller & Williams,and for some years was a partner of John A.Johnson. He was one of those modest, un-

294 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFassuming men whose deeds of kindness andself-sacritice in every relation or life are wellremembered by those who knew him.Mrs.lloyt is the only sur%'iving member of thefour children born to her parents.Her oldestbrother, Chauncey L., was for many yearsa partner in the firm of Fuller & Williams,of this city; Olive C, died at the age oftwenty-four years; and Henry C. died at theage of sixty-three.Mrs. Iloyt has three children: Olive, whois the wife of Hon. B. W. Jones (see biography);Frank W., married to Miss Mary C.Clark, a daughter of J. T. Clark, ofI'ortage,Wisconsin; and Howard H., a resident ofMilwaukee, who married Miss Mary ^litchell,daughter of Rev. James Y. Mitchell,of Pennsylvania.jOBERT STEELE, the subject of sketch,was born in Ro.xbury, Delaware county,New York, November 18, 1832, is theson of James and Jane Steele, and the grandsonof Robert and Nancy Steele, both nativesof Armagh county, Ireland, who emigratedto America in 1801, on the ship Stafford.This vessel was more than nine weeks makingher passage from the coast of Ireland toPhiladelphia, and more than100 of her passengersdied of yellow fever.Mr. Steele wasstricken down with the disease soon afterlanding, and while unconscious was robbed ofall his money. Robert Steele and NancyDunshee were married in Kortright, Delawarecounty. New York, in October, 1802.James Steele, their second son, was born Jannary-i, 1805, and was married to Miss JaneCowan, a native of Scotland, in Middletown,Delaware County, New York, March 4, 1830.They settled on a farm in the town of Roxbury,where they resided untilthey removedto Wisconsin in 1848. They bought a farmof 320 acres of Government land inthe townof Dane, Dane county, where they resideduntil the time of their death. Mr. Steeledied February 4, 1887, aged eighty-twoyears, and Mrs. Steele died May 16, 1889,also aged eighty-two years.Mr. and Mrs. Steele raised a family of eightchildren, six sons and two daughters. Oneson died in infancy, and William at the ageof four years. They brought six children toWisconsin with them, five of whom arenowliving: Eliza, the wife of William Rapp;Robert, the subject of this sketch; and SamuelD., the youngest of the family, who resideson the old homestead of 525 acres.Allreside in the town of Dane, Wisconsin.Nancy M., was married to James Hallett inJune, 1861. and died inFebruary, 1865; sheresided in Dane also; Herman N., resides inCuster county, South Dakota; and James W.,resides in Seneca, Kansas.Mr. Steele was one of the pioneers ofWestern, Dane county; and Robert, his eldestson, worked diligently with his father inimproving the farm and making a comfortablehome for the family', and at the sametime improving the meager opportunitiesthere were at that time for securing an education by going to the district school a fewmonths in the winter seasons. In the springof 1856 he commenced improving the farmwhere he now resides, on section16, town ofDane; and on the 18th day of June of thatyear was united in marriage to Miss RhodaA. Bower, a daughter of Rensselaer andChristiana Bower, natives ofOrange county.New York, who was born in Little Britain,Orange county. New York, March 23, 1835,and died in Dane, Wisconsin, February 2,1864. Tliey had four children: John Wes-

DANE COONTT, WISCONSIN. 295ley, Anna Josephine, Robert Benson andWilliam Washington.Mr. Steele was married the second time toMiss Mary Hanley, Auirust 7, 1866, who wasborn in Limerick county, Ireland, 1843.She was brought toAmerica when an infant,l)y her parents, James and Catherine llanley.By his second marriage they have three cliildren:Daisy, James Eddy and Samuel llanley.Six of his children are now living.Anna Josephine, the wife of W. H. Bitney,died February 5, 1884.Mr. Steele entered the military service ofUnited States inAugust, 1862, and was commissionedby Governor Salmon Second LieutenantCompany 11, Twenty-third liegimentWisconsin Volunteer Lifantry, and inJanuary,1862, was promoted First Lieutenant.He participated in the battles of ChickasawBluff, Arkansas Bost, the bombardment ofGrand Gulf, Fort Gibson, Champion Uills,Black river, and the siege of Vicksburo'.He saw at a distance of a half mile the meetingof Generals Grant and Peml)erton, whenthe terms of the surremler of Yicksburg wereagreed upon.His regiment, the Twenty-tiiirdWisconsin, formed a part of the ThirteenthArmy Corps, and was transferred to the Departmentof the Gulf soon after the surrenderof Vicksburg, and he took part in aboutall the campaigns in which his regiment wasengaged up to the time of his resigiuitionaccount of sickness, on July 4, 18()4. Hishealth having improved, he assisted in recruitingCompany C, Forty-second Kegiment,Wisconsin Volunteers, fie was commissionedFirst Lieutenant of that organizationby Governor James T. Lewis inonSeptember,18()4. The Forty-second Regiment was assignedto duty at Cairo, Illinois, and remainedtiiere until tlie close of the war.Lieutenant Steele had command of his companyduring his service in the Forty-secondRegiment, his Captain, G. H. Hum])hery,being on detached service. At the close ofthe war, in 1865, he came home with idscompany and returned to the pursuits of civillife.Mr. Steele has been elected Assessor of histown four times. Supervisor once, and Chairmanof the Board of Supervisors five times. Asa member of the County Board he has alwaysbeen placed on important committees, oftenacting as chairman. He was once a defeatedcandidate for County Treasurer, and againdefeated for member of the Assembly, but alwaysreceived the full sti'ength of his ])artyvote. In Politics, Mr. Steele is a Republican,and is thoroughly posted on all politicalquestions of the day, and is always ready togive a reason for the faith that is in him.Mr. and Mrs. Steele are both members ofthe Methodist Episcopal Church. He hasbeen an active worker in the church overforty years, and most of the time a memberof the officialboard.Mr. Steele resides on the same farm onwhich he settled in 1856. His farm nowcontains 320 acres, well improveif. He hasa tine residence, erected in 1891 by his son,William W. He carries on general farming,having his farm well stocked with horses,cattle and hogs of improved breeds. Mr.Steele loves a country life,and thinks the occupationof a farmer the most independent,and will bring as much happiness to the homeas any other calling in life./^LISIIA W. KEYES was born January^M^ 23, 1828, in Northfield, Washington"C^l county. Vermont. He was the thirdson of Cajitain Joseph Keyes, one of the

-296 BIOOBAPHICAL REVIEW OFearliest pioneers of Wisconsin Territory, whocame to the Territory in 1836 and made a settlement;in the spring of 1837 moving hisfamily here. On May 2, 1837, the familyleft Northtield to meet the husband andfather somewhere on the route to the Territory,proceeding by wagon to Burlington,thence by steamboatto Whitehall, and theretaking the canal as far as Utica, from whichplace they proceeded by stage to Binghamton, Xew Vork, meeting Captain Keyes atthat place, and where the family remaineda short time. From there they removed toBuffalo by wagon, whence the trip was madeacross lake Erie, to Detroit; and from Detroitoverland to Milwaukee, passing aroundthe head of lake Michigan, through Chicago,and arriving at Milwaukee on June 17, 1837.where the family took up quarters in a framehouse on the corner of Broadway and Oneidastreets, which had been constructed previouslyby Captain Keyes.During the summer, thesubject of this sketch attended school in theold courthouse, a select school kept by EliBates, who became quite prominent in businesscircles before his death.In the latter part of September following,the family removed to thetownship of LakeMills in Jefferson county, where CaptainKeyes had made a claim the year previous.At the time of their arrival there was butone other family in the township. A loghouse wassoon constructed, which shelteredtlie family for a number of years. CaptainKeyes built the first schoolhouse in the township,at his own expense, and hired a teacher,who was Miss Ilosey Catlin, afterward thewife of La Fayette Kellogg, of Madison.Tliis school was tirst opened in 1840, whichE. W. K. attended. In 1841, a school wasopened in Aztalan, two miles and half distant,taught by Mrs. J. F. Ostrander. whichwas attended by Mr. Keyes.The next winterthe school system of the Territory wasorganized, and school was held in the newvillage of Lake Mills, which Mr. Keyes attended.The education which Mr. Kejes receivedwas mainly in the common schools,although he attended several terms later atBeloit Seminary.Previous to 1848 CaptainKeyes had constructed a sawmill and gristmillat Lake Mills, but in this year he made saleof the same, reserving land for a large farmadjoining the village plat, now known as thePhillips" farm, to which the family removed,and where, until the year 1849, the subjectof this sketch was engaged in breaking upthe land and in fencin": the same, and in generalfarm duties.It was his ambition to devotehis life-work to the business of farming,but at this time there were no railroads inthe country, and there was avery poor marketfor every product of the farm, Mr.Keyes, as a boy, having frequently drawnwheat to ^Milwaukee, and sold it for fiftycents a bnshel; butter and cheese, which wereproducts ofthe farm to quite an extent, werenot worth over six or seven cents a pound,and pork and beef in about the same proportion,farming was decidedly unprofitable, andCaptain Keyes, who, for a few years, had leftthe farm fully in the charge of his son, E.W. Keyes, and had built a sawmill and gristmill,and started the new village of Canibridgein Dane county,became discouragedat the prospect, and the Cambridge venturehaving proved a failure,out his farm inhe was obliged to sellLake Mills, and did so in theyear 1^49, removing thence to Menasha,Wisconsin. It was with great reluctancethat Mr. Keyes and his mother, who liadhad charge ofthe farm almost from its commencement,consented to its sale, and wereinduced to do so only on account of the poor

LANE VOUNTT, WISCONSIN. 297prospects of profit on tlie farm. This wasthe turning point in Mr. Keyes' life. Up totliis time lie thoui'ht farming would be hislife-work.In the spi'ing and summer of 1850 heagain attended Beloit Seminary, where hehad previously been in the winter of 1847-'48, and in December of that year, he cameto Madison, and on the 6th day of that month,he was entered as a student at law in theoffice of Collins & Smith, tlie firm being composedof A. L. Collins, afterward judge ofthe circuit, and George H. Smith, subsequentlyattorney general of the State. Beforethis, he had devoted some little time toreading law, and on October 17, 1851, he wasadmitted to the bar of Dane county, lie atonce entered upon the practice in a small way.In the spring of 1852, he was appointedSpecial Agent of the Post Office Departmentby Postmaster-General, N.K.Hall, under Fillmore'sAdministration, a position which hetilled for several months. His duty was tocollect money from postmasters by draftsdrawn in his favor by the Postmaster-Getieral,and to deposit the money so collected inthe sub treasury at St. Louis. These collectionswere made principally in Illinois andWisconsin; the travel was almost wholly bystage, although the trips to St. Louis weremade mostly by steamt)oat. After this employmentwas linisheil,and the business closedup, Mr. Keyes opened an office, and moreespecially devoted himself to his profession.In 1853 he was offered a partnership in tiiefirm with which he had studied law, and thefirm l)ecaine known as Collins, Smith &Keyes, and continued until its dissolution, bythe election of the senior partner, Mr. Collins,to the bench of the Circuit Court, whichposition he entered upon January 1, 1855,leaving the firm from that time on, as Smith& Keyes. From that perioil until 18f;2, whenthe firm of Smith & Keyes was dissolved liymutual consent, the firm did a very largebusiness, by far the largest in Dane county,or in the interior of the State.During the years 1859-'60 he was DistrictAttorney of Dane county, having beenelected t(.» that office in tlie election of thefall of 1858. Up to the time of the organizationofthe Republican party, in which Mr.Keyes participated, he had always been aWhig in politics. In April, 1801, he wasappointed by President Lincoln, Postmasterat Mailison, and was reappointed by PresidentsJohnson, Grant and Hayes, havintrser\-ed continuously in that office over twentyoneyears. In 18(55 he was elected the firstRepulilican Mayor of Madison, and was reelectedwithout opposition, in 1806. In1877 he was appointed a Regent of the university,which position he held for twelveyears. He was elected to, and served in theAssembly of the State in1883, and was againre-elected Mayor of Madison in 1886.Mr. Keyes had been active in politics,strongly supporting the war and the suppressionofthe Rebellion, had been a member ofthe Republican State Central Committee severalyears, when in 1868, he was ajipointedby the convention, chairman of the committee,serving as such chairman ten years.In 1872 Mr. Keyes was a delegate to theRepublican National Convention, wliichmetin Philadelphia, and was chairman of theWisconsin delegation. He was afterwar

298 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFlie was a strong supporter of tlie nominationof Mr. Klaine for tlie pre^iidency.In 1879 therewas a memorable senatorialcontest in Wisconsin. The candidates wereT. ('. Howe, the incumbent, Matt. H. Carpenter,who had been defeated for tiie jtlacein1875 by Angus Cameron, and Mr. Keyes.Mr. Keyes was very strongly supported bytlie members and the Republicans of theState.contestFor over 100 ballots of this triangularhe was in the lead, receiving as highas thirty-three votes in caucus. Finally hewithdrew from the contest, and his friend.Matt. 11.Carpenter, was nominated by acclamation,and duly elected by the Legislature.In 1881he was again a candidate, and hisopponent was the Hon. Philetus Sawyer.was thought when theItcampaign tirst openedthat Mr. Keyes would be .elected withoutmuch serious opposition; the party organizationwas strong for him. and he was supportedby a large majority ofthe Republicanpress of the State, but the corporate powerswithin the State, backed by a lavish expenditureof money, encompassed his defeat; inthis last contest he received thirty-threelegislative votes. In 1871 Mr. Keyes wasappointed Attorney by the Secretary of Warto represent the United States in the arbitrationbetween the Government and the GreenBay & Mississippi Canal Company. Thearbitration consisted of Hon. Paul Dillingham,of Vermont; e.\-Governor WilliamLarrabee, of Iowa; and ex-United States Senator,James R. Doolittle, of Wisconsin; thelatter having been selected by the canal company,Mr. Larrabeeby the Government, andMr. Doulittle having been selected l)y theother two arbitrators. This was a very importantmatter to the Government and to thepeople of the State. It consumed a goodpart of the summer of 1871. the Board ofArbitration going over the whole route fromGreen Bay up the Fox to the Wisconsin, anddown the Wisconsin to the Mississippi, afterwardholding session in the Federal courthousein Madison, where testimony was takenin the case, and the award of the arbitratorsfinally made. The claim was made by theattorneys for the canal company, that thewater route and its improvements were worthallthey cost, and that for the work, the Governmentshould pay that much, amounting toabout §2,000,000. Mr. Keyes made thestartling claim that the improvement was notworth anything, and that therefore the awardshould befor the smallest sum possible, andit was made for so small an amount that fora time the company refused to accept it;Congress finally appropriating about §1-15,-000 and succeeding to the interests of theCanal Company in this line of water communication.The people of the State werevery anxious that the Government shouldcome into possession of the works, and theyknew that a transfer would not be made unlessthe award was found to be a reasonableone, therefore the reason why great effortwasput forth to bring the award down so low thatit would not be objectionable to Congress.Great credit was given to Mr. Keyes for hismanagement of the case from beginning toend.After Mr. Keyes" defeat for Senator, in1881, he retired from active politics, in themain devoting himself to the practice of lawand real-estate transactions. In February,1889, he was appointed by Governor Hoard,Municipal Judge of Dane county, to till avacancy, and was elected to that position bythe people of the county in April of thatyear, serving out the unexpired time of JudgeA. B. Braley, which terminated January 1,1893.

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN.aii'JMr. Keyes was first married iti the city ofNew York, in May, 1854, to Miss CarolineStevens, who died in18(35, leaving him threechildren, two sons, Joseph S. and Elisha W.,and a daughter, Catharine. In 1867 he wasmarried to Mrs. Louise Sholes, by whom hehad one son, Louis R. This union was dissolvedby the courts, and in 1888 he wasinarriedto Mrs. Eliza M. Reeves, witli whomhe now lives.fRANKE. FARIvINSOX, uf the cityof Madison, was born in the town ofFayette, La Fayette county, WisconsinTerritory, October 16, 1842, and is a son ofNathaniel Taylor and Maria Louise (Briijgs)Parkinson, natives of Tennessee and NewYork.N. T. Parkinson, a mere lad, with hisfather, settled in Wisconsin Territory in1827, at Mineral Point; was a soldierin tile Black Hawk war, fought in thebattle of the I'ad Axe; was the firstSheritf of Dane county, in 1S3'.I, appointedby Governor Dodge, and built the first Danecounty jail. He was named '• Taylor," atthe request of General Zacbai-y Taylor, whowas a near neighbor of his father in Tennessee,and made him a handsome bequest inconsideration of so naming tlio child. Oursubject now has b(_)oks in his law libraryl)OUght with money derived from this Taylorbequest.Mr. F. E. Parkinson was educated at theWisconsin State University, and receivedthedegree of Ph. P.. Studied law in Shullsbure,Wisconsin, in the law office of theHon. John K. Williams; was admitted tothe bar in Wisconsin and Kansas in tlie year1872; began practice in the city of Stoughtonin 1873, and in 1875 formed a copartnershipwith the Hon Alden S. Sanborn, of the cityof Madison; was Clerk of Stoughton twoyears, and City Attorney of Madison oneyear; was twice a candidate, in 1880 and1886, for Judge of the Dane county MunicipalCourt; is a Republican and a protectionist,and for twelve years has been secretaryand attorney of the Northwestern MutualRelief Association, a most successful lifeinsuratice company, of Madison, Wisconsin.Mr. Parkinson is of the seventh generationof English ancestors settled in SouthCarolina; is a grandson of Colonel D. M.Parkinson, who was a soldier in the war of1812, and fought in the battle of New Orleans;was aid-de-canip to General ])odge inthe Black Hawk war; was a member of thefirst three Territorial Legislatures, 1836-1840,first constitutional convention, and firstState Legislature in 1849, and introducedthe firstfree, or common-school bill.Mr. Parkinsim's iri'andfatlier, H. L. Brin-o-s,was a son of a Revolutionary officer, a soldierin the war of 1812; was superintendent ofwestern mail service, and lived during thereign of four British monarchs and twentytwoAmerican presidents.Mr. Parkinson was married December 23,1869, to Miss Nellie I'elden, and they havetwin daughters, ]\[aude and Eve, now eio;hteenyears old, an

:England,{JolinIland,I i/K^K300 BIOGHAPIIWAL REVIEW OFMrs. Parkinson's ancestors came fromEngland with tlie Connecticnt colony in1(530, and in 1B40 settled in East Whately,and took hind under the royal British grant,which is still in the family, having descendedfrom father to son chrough six generations.The Belden homestead, built in 1765, beforethe Revolution, is still a grand old mansion.Mrs. Parkinson is ninth in descent fromThomas P'ord, who was born at SalcombeRegis, Devonshire, England, in 1580, andcame to America in the ship Mary and John,Captain Squebb; sailed froni Plymouth inMarch, and landed in Boston, May 30, 1630.It is written of Thomas Ford that he was" a man of property. Deputy to the GeneralCourt, and a grand juror."Mrs. Parkinson is also eighth in descentfrom Captain Ro^er (Jlap, who also came toAmerica in the ship ]\rary and .John. Hewas twenty-one years captain of CastleWilliam, in Boston harbor. lie has slepttwo centurie.-, in the old King's Chapel buryingground, one of the oldest in America,and his name, in (juaint old lettering, can stillbe read on the time-eaten tombstone, andahso on the bronze tablet at the Tremoiitstreet gateway.Among Mrs. J'arkinson's relatives may befound Anna Belden, who imported theseed,raised the first broom corn, and made thefirst corn broom in America; John Fitch,inventor of the steamboat; the proprietorsof the Belden and Leonard silk mills; MerriwetherLewis, the great western explorer;Dixon II. Lewis, once a United States Senatorfrom Alabama; William Cullen Bryant,the poet; the Professors Whitney, of Yale,Harvard and Beloit; also Professor Elwell,of Amherst; and her father served in theFlorida and Indian wars under GeneralTaylor.NDREW C. GARTON, a prominentresident of Rutland, Wisconsin, wasborn in JMorwich, Chenango county.New York, June 25, 1833. His father,Garton, was born in Yorkshire, Enji-and his grandparents were natives ofwho spent their entire lives there.Four of their children came to America:William, Mary, Martha and John. Thefather of our subject was reared on the farmin his native shire until his marriage, whenhe came to America, accompanied by hisbride, and joined his brother William atVernon, in Oneida county. New York. Thelatter conducted a flour mill there, and heentered his employment and learned the tradeof miller, rented from him three years, thenrented a flour mill for a time, later bought amill four miles from Norwich, which he operateda few years, and then, on account ofillhealth, sold and bought a farm near Versalia,where he resided until 1843, when heemiiirated to Wisconsin. He traded hisfarm for a tract of land on the line of Rockand Walworth counties, and there he built,improved the land and resided there a fewyears, then sold and came to Dane county,settling on the farm where our subject nowresides, and where his death occurred, February25, 1883, at the age of ninety-two years.The maiden name of the mother of our subjectwas Rachel Hostler, born in Yorkshire,died April 2, 1888. Both parents were tenderlycared for during the last daysof theirlives in the family of our subject. Theyreared six chihlren. The married luxmes ofthe daughters are: Rachel J. Spurr, Mary

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 301A. Welcli, Martlia Duiiljar, Elizabeth Halland Doi'oth-y Foster.Our subject was the third child and onlyson, and was only ten years of age when hecame to the Territory of Wisconsin with hisparents. The removal was made by the Eriecanal and lakes to Milwaukee, thence overlandto Walworth county. At that time the Territoryhad but few inhabitants. Much ofthe land was owned by the Government, andwas for sale at $1.25 per acre. He residedwitlihis parents until his marriage, and thenlocated in Jetferson county, where he rentedland for a ^evi years, then came to Danecounty, and in1877 settled on the homestead,which he now owns and occupies.His farmhas 120 acres. He has erected good framebuildings and made other improvements.Our subject was married, January 28,1851, to C'atherine Green, born in New York,October 11, 1883. Her father, Calelj Green,was a native of New York, a son of Jehieland Esther Green. The former moved toMedina county, Ohio, from New York, andspent his last years in La Fayette townsliip,that county. He had been a soldier in theKevolutionary war. He was a chairmaker bytrade, and when he removed to Medinacounty he was one of the pioneers of La Fayettetownship. At that time that section ofcountry was a wilderness, and deer, bear andother kinds of game plentiful. He traded histeam for seventeen acres of land, which heoccupied for a time, then bought a largertract,upon which he resided until 1849, thencame Wisconsin, via railroad and lake to Milwaukee,and team to Waukesha county. Hestopped here a short time, then removed toHenry county, Illinois. He hail received a warrantof hind for services in the war of 1812, andwith that he secured 100 acres of land inthat county.21Here he built a log house, livedfor two years, then moved to Jeffersoncounty, Wisconsin, l)ought a tract ofheavilytimbered land, cleared a farm and residedthere until his death, July 29, 1855. Themaiden name of the mother of Mrs. Gart

302 BIOORAPHICAL REVIEW OFtwo died in infancy), as follows: Daniel,known as " Major.'' a fanner and drover,died at Forestville, New York; Anson G.,father of subject, died at Oregon, Wisconsin;Aaron, a shoemaker, died at Moravia, NewYork; Warren, died while Warden of theAnbnrn, New Y'ork, State prison; Reuben,died when a young man; John, a Baptistclergyman, died on the Mississippi river,while on his way to his home at Minneapolis;Sally (means Sarah), wife of Solomon Davis,died at Garretsville, New York; Susan, wifeof Griffin Briggs, died at Garrettsville, NewYork; Eunice, wife of Charles AlbertWheeler, died at Garrettsville, New Y'ork;Harriet, wife of Nathaniel ^Iswort,. diedGarrettsville, New York.Tile father of our subject, Anson G. Barsons,was born in Springfield township, Otsegocounty, New York, September 8, 1789, wherehe grew up to manhood; afterward removed toMoravia, New York, and followed the tradeof carpenter.atIn his thirty-fourth year, January8, 1823, he married, as stated above,Nancy Thompson, who was born July 30,1802, in New Uampshire; afterward lived inMaine until seven years old, and then movedto Madison county. New York. Slie was adaughter of John and llannah (ilealy)Thompson, the father dying August 31, 1818,in his fifty-first year, the mother at the ageof ninety-four years. Mr. and Mrs. Thompsonhad three sons and seven daugiiters,namely:Abigail, born January 29, 1794, wifeof Aaron Barsons, diedat Moravia, New York;John, born October 11,1796, a farmer, diedin Chautauqua county. New York; Betsy,born November 20, 1798, wife of John Kelly,died at Lancaster, Wisconsin; Washington,'.)orn January 20, 1X00, a farmer, died inChautauqua county, New York; Nancy,mother of our subject, died atOregon, Wisconsin;Seth, born July 30, 1802. twinbrother of Nancy, a farmer, died at Ann Arbor,Michigan; Lydia, born October 13, 1805,thrice married,—Asa Foster, James Eddy,and Ira Knight; she was accidentally killedby the cars at her home, November 28, 1892,at Gaines, Genesee county.Michigan; Jane,born September 13, 1807, wife of DanielBush, died at White Water, Wisconsin; Clarissa,born January 12, 1810, widow of JamesBratt, lives at Fenton, Genesee county, Michigan;Naomi, born June 1, 1813, wife ofJohn Felt, died in young womanhood leavingtwo children.After their marriage the parents of oursubject resided at Moravia, where all theirchildren were born, the father pui-suing histrade of carpenter until a favorable ojieningmade him owner of a gristmill at Ledyard.New York. Alter operating it for two yearslie had a mill

DANE VOUNTT, WI8CCNS1N. SO-;sick with skillful hands, and her friends werenever weary of tellino; of her goodness andkindness. First ('oiigregational and thenPresbyterian in faith, she and her husband,who was an Elder, were consistent membersof tliat body throughout their lives. Thehusband in the early part of his career wasa Jackson Democrat, but later became anabolitionist, and when tlie liepublican partywas formed in 1854 promptly joined itsranks.Our subject had four sisters ami a brotiier,as follows: Eliza Ann, born February 8,1824, wife of Nelson Winston, living atEvansville, Wisconsin ; Jane T., born March3, 1826, wife of Ambrose Spencer, died atSparta, Wisconsin, May 13, 1858; Harriet,born September 23, 1837, wife of DanielBriggs, living at Ironton, Sauk countyWisconsin;Josephine, born November 14, 1829,wife of Tristram Story, lives at Evansville,Wisconsin;Henry, born April 23, 1843, anddied June 27, 1847.The education of our subject was obtainedinthe public schools of New York State andAVisconsin, and then he worked with his fatherat the carpenters' trade until 1856,when he went into the mercantile bnsines inMonroe county, Wisconsin, for a time andthen returned to Oregon, to resume his trade.Appointed Deputy Sheriff of Dane county in1861 he held that oftice until 1864, when lieenlisted as a recruit in Company F, Thii'tytliirdWisconsin Volunteer Infantry.Tins regiment made a gooil record in theRed river expedition, our subject participatingwith it, guarding the Union retreat.In the three days' engagement at Tupelo,Mississippi, the Thirty-third fought bravely;really, at this time and after in tlie forests ofArkansas and Missouri and itsswamps, pnrsuingPrice, seeing its hardest work on a rationof one cracker a day for each man andmany of them barefooted, too. After guarding;1,000 rebel soldiers from Warreiisl)urg,Missouri, to St.Louis, the regiment went ti>Nashville and participated in the battlewhich destroyed Hood's army. The siegeand capture of the forts at Mobile added freshlaurels to the fame of this irallant regiment.Then they made a march of 150 miles toMontgomery, Alabama, traversing a pine•wilderness seventy-five miles in length withoutseeing a liouse. When the Thirty-thirdwas discharged Mr. Parsons was transferredto tiieEleventh Wisconsin Regiment, returningto ^[obile, Aialiama, and remained in theservice live weeks longer.Iveturning home our subject worked athistrade for some time, was again Deputy Sheriffand also Constable and later engaged infarming at Oregon, upon a very superiortract of 100 acres, which he sold in 1888.He now has a farm of 120 acres on Saukprairie, Sauk county, Wisconsin, and fourteenacres located upon a mound in the villageof Oregon, upon which he resides.Mr. Parsons was married August 31, 1857.to Louisa W.. daughter of Stodderd S. andPatty (Wait) Johnson, pioneers of 1844.She was born in Walton, New York, May 3,1834, and her father on January 28, 1807.The latter early in life was a clothier butlater became a farmer. He came to Wisconsinin 1844, and settled on section 1, Oregontownsliip, then a part of Madison township,where he purchased160 acres of land, now apart of Oregon village and is very valuable.At the time Mr. Johnson reached there thecountry was new and sparsely settled andMilwaukee was the chief market. Mr. anilMrs. Johnson were married at Solon. NewYork, January 13, 1831, by the Rev. J. Leonai'dand had six children, namely: Louisa

3U4 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFW., horn May 3, 1834, wife of .subject ofsketch; Gill.ert C, born April 16, 1830.died January 5, 1873; Laura, born March 10,1840, died April 1. 1841; Riley W., bornSeptember 12, 1842, married January 16,1867, lives in Iowa; Isaac S., born February21, 1847, died April 17, 1848. The eldestdied in infancy. Mr. Johnson lived uponthe band which he had improved at Oregonuntil his death, November 20, 1879; his wife,who was born July 5, 1806, having pi-ecededhim, she

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 305York, and at once allied liiniselt" with theWhig party, being loyal to it as long as thatparty liad an existence, transferring his allegianceto the Republican party at its birth.In no sense a seeker after public otiice, hehad, none the less, an active interest in itssuccess, doing allin his power for its success.Just as earnest was he in his Christian lifeand work, being a consistent member of theMethodist Episcopal Church. Six childrencame to bless his home, viz.: Edwin, a residentof llolyoke, Massachusetts; Eliza, wifeof J. H. Martin, of Chicago; Emma, a teacherin the public school at Oregon;Ada, wife ofJ. H. Richards, of Brooklyn, and two died ininfancy.Our subject attended sucli parish schoolsas the country afforded in his youth, until hewas ten years old, and then went into a factory,subsequently attending one term in aparish school; and this is allthe education hereceived in the State of New York. Aftercoming West he managed to go to school inthe intervals of farm work. He was movedby patriotism and enlisted in Company E,Twenty-third Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry;went from Camp Randall to Cincinnati, toprotect that city from the raid ofJohn Morgan;saw service in Kentucky; joined Shermanat Memphis and was attached to CreueralA. J. Smith's division of the Thirteenth ArmyCorps; made a great march on ChristmasDay, 1862;participated in aa engagement atHaines' Bluff" and in the fight at Fort Hinman,when the Federals captured 6,000 prisoners.His regiment wintered at Young'sPoint, where disease made great ravages,large numbers dying as the soldierspatroledthe river, only 250 of the entire regimentbeing able to carry muskets, the remainderbeing sick or wounded. Breaking camp inthe spring of 1863 the regiment went toVicksburtj, takinir part in that memorablecampaign, participating in all the battles, includingChampions' Hill. In that fight hewas picked up for dead, after being struck bya piece of iron fii-ed from a cannon. Thecommander of the battery informed him afterthe war that he had loaded his guns with bitsof a locomotive, broken up for the purpose.He di

306 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFof William and Elna E. Bedford, and wasborn December 25, 1S4G, dying at Oregon,Wisconsin, October 28, 1867; was childless.His secondwife was Mrs. Lucy H. Gilbert,daughter of Mordecai and Lucy P. Sayles, theceremony occurring in 1868. Mrs. Lucy H.Netherwood was born January 29, 1841; thename of her first husband was Thomas Gilbert.To her and Mr. Netherwood havebeen born six children, namely:October 18. 1870. a bookkeeper inHarry, bornthe MadisonDemocrat office; Eva, assistant in thepost office; Lucy, Pearl, Bertha and Perry.Mrs. Netherwood has by her tirst marriageone child, Ada, the wife of A. V . Marvin,cashier of the bank of Middleborough, Kentuckv.The political faith of our subject isstrontjlyRepublican, and he has been prominentin public affairs upward of twenty-tiveyears; was Town Treasurer four terms; hasbeen President of the village, except aboutsix months, ever since its organization, andSupervisor of the village on the County Board.He is connected with the following orders:The Blue Lodge and the Royal Arch Masons,having been Master of the former for a longtime; and the G. A. R., he being Past Commanderof O. E. Rice Post. No. 121. Mr.Netherwood is president of the Oregon ManufacturingCompau}-; is also owner of thechief business block of Oregon, which hebuilt.SUNTINGTON TIPPLE, the subjectthis sketch, was born in the town ofFenner, Madison county, New York,February 27, 1822, and was the son of AbrahamTipple, who was born at Schoharie, NewYork, and his father, Martin Tipple, was aformer resident of Dutchess county, NewofYork.known.lie was of German ancestry as far asHe removed from Dutchess countyto Schoharie county and frou) there to Oneidacounty, where lie was one of the pioneers,and there spent the remainder of his days.The maiden name of the grandmother of oursubject was Margaret Osterliaut and she wasof Holland ancestry. She reared seven children:George, Cornelius, Peter, Abraham,John, David and Jacob.The father of our subject was thirteenyears old when his parents removed to Oneidacounty, and there he was reared. Afterreaching manhood he purchased forty acresof timber land in the town of Verona, Oneidacounty. He was industrious and possessedgood judgment, hence was a successfulbusinessman. In connection with his farminghe operated a stone quarry and conducted astore and meat market. He later purchasedfive other tracts of forty acres, making in allsix farms extending along one street. Heresided in Verona some years and then removedto what is now Verona Center, Oneidacounty. New York, where lie purchased ahotel, with quite a tract of land, which heplatted and started a village. Here he resideduntil his death, in 1861.The maiden name of the mother of oursubject was Almira Lounsbury, who wasborn in Fenn'M- and died in Verona, beforeher husband. These parents reared six children:Elias. deceased; Huntington; Andrew,deceased; Julia A., deceased; and Elizabeth,the youngest.Our subject was reared and educated inhis native State and things were in a veryprimitive condition then. Simple ways prevailed,and although times were not as whenhis grandfather came to the State andfoundmore Indians than whites, with no railroadsand no means of travel except by the slow

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. •307canal routes, still, removed from the greatcenters, life went on very quietly and withlittle cliange. He reuieiubers when wheatwas a luxury, corn and rye bread formingthe staples of living, and nothincr in the wayof groceries were bought for constant use.A few of what we now consider necessitieswere kept for severe illness or honored guests,but among the early life in most pioneercounties the sassafras bush furnished the teaand the maple the sugar on most tables.Our subject made the best of his opportunitiesfor obtaining an education, but hewas reared to habits of thrift and at an earlyage began to assist on the farm and tomakehimself useful. Until 1843 he remained inOneida county, then removed to Cliautauquacounty, and in1845 came to the Territory ofIn company with Norman Sim-Wisconsin.mons he started with one horse and wagon,intending to drive all the way, Init at Ashtabula,Ohio, he drove into a shed to feed thehorse and there the latter became fractious,broke the wagon, and, in consequence, theychanged their plans. The second day tiieywere fortunate enough to secure a ride toGrand river, and there embarked on a steamerto Milwaukee, where our subject secured aride with a farmer as far as Rock Prairie,where he visited a brother-in-law near by.In October he started out on foot to seek ahome which would suit his ambitious ideas,puree and fancy, and came directly to Danecounty.At that time Madison was but a hamlet,with only two small stores. The country wasbut sparsely settled and the land had not yetbeen purchased by the Government, and deerand other wild game was plentiful, roamingat will. He selected a tract of Governmentland in section 7, in what is now the town ofRutland, and on foot went toMilwaukee andpurchased the land, paying $1.2-3 per acre.Being single and with limited means heworked for others a portion of the time toenable him to get his living, and the remainderof the time he labored on his land.Thisdid not continue, for in 1848 he erected alog cabin, married and Ijegan housekeepingin that hnmble abode. However, this statedid not long continue either, for soon thelandwas cleared, a frame house took the placeof the old one, and two barns were built.Here the family lived until 1864 and then hetraded his farm for a home and twelve acresof land in the villajje of Orecjon. At thisplace he I'esided but a few months and thenpui'chased a farm at Lake Harriet, in thetown of Oregon. He has since bought, occupiedand sold several farms, being successfulas a farmer and dealer in real estate. Oursubject was active in all of his business interestsuntil recently, when he settled downto the enjoyment of quiet comfort in the villageof Oregon.In 1848 our subject married Hannah B.Kurtz, who was born in Northampton county,Pennsylvania, a daughter of Joseph Kurtz.Mr. and Mrs. Tipple have seven children, asfollows:KomanusC, Horatio, Helen, Amanda,Hattie H., PMna and Marian.Mrs. Tippleis a member of the Presbyterian Church.He has been a Repul)lican since the formationof the party and attended the secondconstitutional convention, which convened in1848, at which he, with another gentleman,had charire of the mail distributed to thedistincruishedtEWIS L.members at that time.AUAMS, one of the brave oldpioneers of this part of the State ofWisconsin and now a resident of Fitchburg,was born in Charles township, Chester

:308 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFcounty, Peniisylvaiiiu. July 27, 1823. Hisfather, Jolin Adams, as far as known, wasborn in the same place, but the grandfatherwas a Virginian, who had removed to theState of Pennsylvania and boughta tract ofland in Chester county at an early day, andspent his last days there.The father of our subject learned the tradeof stonemason and followed that trade in theKeystone State until 1825, when he removedto Ontario county, New York, bought a tractof improved land there and engaged in farminguntil his death. The maiden name of hismother was Eliza L.iJavis and she was bornin Chester county and her father, the grandfatherof our subject, was named LlewellynDavis, a farmer and a soldier in the Revolutionarywar and died in Chester county. Themother of our subject survived her husbandsome years and died at the home of a son inLivingston county, New York, and had beenthe mother of eight children, as follows:James D., John S., Lewis L., Mordecai,Jesse F., Ezekiel IL, Eliza, Letitia andMary W.Our subject was two years of age when hisparents removed to Ontario county. NewYork, and he attended the district school andassisted on the farm, residing with his motheruntil 1846. In the spring of that year hestarted oi.t for himself, beginning work on afarm and receiving $13 per month, the highestprice paid in those days. In 1847 be cameto the Territory of Wisconsin by way of railroadto JiufFalo and by steamer, the Baltic, toMilwaukee and then by stage to Madison.At that time Madison was a small place andthe surrounding country was very littlesettled, the most of the land belonging to theGovernment. The following year he built alog house and when married there commencedhousekeeping. There were no railroads andMilwaukee was 100 milesaway and this wasthe principal market. He paid S150 for hisland on which he now lives, and 650 for apair of oxen and then had §30 left.Agriculturalimplements were needed, but that wantdid not interfere with the labors of our subject.He went to work and made himself aharrow with wooden teeth and it did thework required. Truly he left no stoneunturned to earn and to add to his store.His labor was given by theday or month ashe seemed to be able to make the most andall the time he kept improving his land,splitting the rails and fencing forty acres ofthe land the first winter. Now he has 240acres and it is one of the nicest places in thecountry, with its neat buildings and goodorchard and ornamental trees, allplanted bythe industry of its owner. In politics he isa Republican casting his firstvote for HenryClay. He has been Town Supervisor threeterms.Our subject was married June 29, 1848, toMiss Mary Salisbury, who was born inCanandaigua,Ontario county. New York, August18, 1880, a daughter of Russel and Susan(Uunnel) Salisbury. She died April 12, 1885.Mr. Adams has had a family of nine childrenMary L., Lewis L., Russel D., Elon A*., Winnifred,Cora E., E. May, Arthur A. andCharlie F. Arthur died at the age of twelveyears.Our subject now lives in the greatest comfortafter his busy life. He is one of thebest representative pioneers of this sectionand possesses, as he deserves, the esteem ofthe community in which he has had his homefor 80 many years.

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 309Igc^DWAKD C. SPRECHER, a member%. uf the County iJoard of Supervisorsrepreseiitiiii^ the town of Burke, wasborn in the Grand Duchy of Baden, Germany,November 3, 1840. His father, JohnF. Spreeher, was born in same locality, son ofReinhard and Fredericka Spreeher. The grandparentsof our subject were natives of the sameDuchy and spent their entire lives there. Thefathei' learned the trades of brewer and cooperand followed those trades in Baden until1845, when lie came to America, accompaniedby his wife and six children. They sailedfrom Havre in the summer on the sailinsrvessel, Utica, and landed in New York after avoyage of sixty-four days. The father bought asmall farm in Eden, Erie county, New York,where he resided until 1852, when he madehis way to AVisconsin and purchased a tractof partly improved land, in thetown of SunPrairie, and there engaged in farming untilhis death, Februai-y 16, 1859. The maidenname of the mother of our subject wasChristiana Deichler, and she passed her lastdays in Sun Prairie. She bore^ her husbandsix children, namely: Fredericka, John,Christiana, Edward C., Charles and William.Charles served in the late war inCompany A, Twenty-third liegiment ofWisconsin Volunteer Infantry. He waskilled at the l)attle of Sabine Cross Roads,Louisiana, aged twenty-two years.Our subject was five years of age whenhe came to the United States with his parents,so knows but little of any other country thanhis adopted one. He attended the publicscliools in Eden, New York, and later in SunPrairie. As soon as old enough EdwardSpreeher began to assist his father on thefarm, remained at home until 1861, when heenlisted in September of that year in CompanyG, Eleventh Wiscorisin Vcdunteer Infantry,remaining in this regiment for three years;was most of the time on detached duty aswagon master, remaining in this position untilthe fallof 1864, when he was honorably dischargedon account of the expiration of Insterm.lie i-eturned home and resumed farmingand the following year purchased theland, where he now resides, on section 23 ofISurke township.On this land he has erecteda nice set of farm buildino;s and has enrichedthe land until he how lias a farm of 174acres of good land.In 1866 he married Elizabeth Fessler,born in Baden, Germany, Ootol)er, 1842.Her father, George Jacob Fessler, was borninBaden, there reared, married and remaineduntil 1853, when thesame year he came toAmerica, landing in New York city after avoyage of thirty-nine days. From New Yorkcity they came direct to Sun Prairie, whereMr. Fessler purchased land and he" and hisremained the rest of their lives. The maidenname of the mother of onr subject wasBarbara Spreeher. Mr. and Mrs. Spreeherhave six children, namely: Matilda, EdwardG., Carl, Otto, Frank and Jessie. The familyattend the Baptist Church andMr. Spreeheris independent in politics, but votes theRepublican ticket inNational and State elections.He is treasurer of the C^ottage GroveFire Insurance Company and a member ofthe Hamilton Post, G. A. R.,No. 208. BothMr. and Mrs. Specker are highly respectedthroughout their entire community for theirmany charming traits of character and areworthy of the good fortune they now enjoy.jLE H. FARNESS, a farmer of section23, Dane county, was born at Farness,Norway, November 28, 1826, a son ofHerman Farness. The latter was a farmer

Inent310 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFof Norway, and came to Wisconsin at theage of seventy-five years. Our subject cameto America before bismajority, immediatelyafter his marriage, on the Lofoton, a Norwegianbark. May 22, 1847, and landed in NewYork city after a voyage of nine weeks andtwo days. They immediately took steamerup the Hudson river to Albany, by Erie canalto Buffalo, by steamer to Milwaukee, and thencame by ox' teams to Dane county. Therewere then no roads, and the cattle had nofeed but the pasturage of the prairie. Mr.Farness came to America in company withabout l-tO emigrants, and their passageprice to New York was §22, at which placethey made a contract to^lihvaukee for S14 aperson, and having their own provision, theyreached this county at an expense of about$50. These gentlemen were all stalwartyoung men, and were ready to meet anyemergency and face any danger, as theydemonstrated on two occasions. The firstwas in Albany, wiien the vesselraen werethrowing their chests and trunks and injuringthem. They asked them to be careful,but they heeded not, and these younggiants seized the men and threw them wherethe}' had thrown the trunks. Again, inBuffalo they were going to transfer themfrom the caiial-l>oat to a stern-wheel steamer,and their contract in New York city calledfor a side-wheel steamer. They could notconverse with the men, but as they undertookto hoist their goods to this boat, theytook off the hooks. The men, seeing thatthey were determined, sent for an interpreter,and their goods were put on boardthe good side- wheel steamer.After arriving in Wisconsin, Mr. Farnesspurchased 110 acres of Government land inthis neighborhood, for which he paid 8110.The farm ciuitained a small, rough log house.covered with shakes, but he soon hewed thelogs on the inside, erected an addition a fewyears later, and they lived there for twentyoneyears. In 1868 they moved into theirpresent large frame dwelling. At one timehe owned (320 acres of land, but he now hasonly 310 acres, where he raises about fiftyhead of cattle, about twenty head of goodsheep, from fifty to eighty hogs, and fromeight to ten horses, mostly of the heavy draftstock, but also a few good drivers.Mr. Farness was married in Norway, toGertrude Esse, and they had six children.Mrs. Farness, who was born April 13, 1827,died January 2, 1859. The youngest daughter,a babe of eight months, was buriedwithher in the same cofiin. She had buried onechild previous, and at her death left threesous and one daughter. Herman, a furnituredealer of Madison, has a wife, threedaughters and six sons; Lars, a farmer ofMinnesota, is married and has six children;Randey, wife of Sven Gilbertson, a farmernear Appleton, Minnesota, has three children;and Ole, deceased, was a graduate of theRush Medical College, of Chicago, and alsoof a school in Minneapolis. He was a wellknownand successful practitioner at RiceLake, Wisconsin, and his death occurredfrom exposure, at Prairie Farm, this State,at the age of thirty-six years, and at hisdeath left a wife and two daughters.In 1860 Mr. Farness married Miss AnnaNelson, a native of Norway, and a daughterof Nels and Gertrude (Nelson) Knutson.She came to America with her parents in1852, at the age of fifteen years. Mr. andMrs Farness have lost two infant sons, andone daughter, Sarah, at the age of fiveyears.They have seven living children, namely:Gertrude, wife of Bower Bowerson, a promifarmer,residing in Primrose, Dane

BANE COUNTY, WISCONklN. oilcountv; Xels, a farmer of Minnesota, ismarried and has one son; Thomas, a graduateof the high school of Madison, is now employedas salesman in a dry goods store inthat city; IJetsy, wife of Iver Bovum, amerchant of Fillmore eounty. Minnesota, andthey have one daughter; Joseph, aged seventeenyears; Simon, fifteen years; and Benjamin,twelve years. Mr. Farness is stillenjoying good health, although he has donea vast amount of hard labor during the pasttifty years, and the grand increase of the S-iOOwith which he landed in New York has beenproduced only by hard work, lie is a firm iadherent to Republican doctrines, a consistentmember of the Norwegian Lutheran Church,and an estimable and respected citizen.(HARLES F. ABBOTT.— It is a pleasantthing to meet in life's journey a goodson of a wortliy sire;to see the virtuesof the father reproduced in the offspring, asthe case in the Abbott family. The father,Abijah Abbott, was am(.)ng theearly settlersof Madison, and his death, which occurredMarch 23, 1886, was mourned by a large circleof acquaintances and friends. Mr. Abbott,Sr., was born in Cornwall, Vermont,coming of an old New England family whoseancestry hailed from the Albion shores.parents lived and died inHisV'ermont, but tiieirson, Abijaii, started out early in life as amerchant atMiddlebury, later changing hisbusiness to that of marble aridgranite dealerat Sudbury, Vermont, where lie remaineduntil 1855, when he shipped his stock toMadison and established the business inwhich his son is now so successfully engaged,located on West Main street. He continuedto manage his business until within a fewyears of his death. During his entire life inMadison he was known as a worthy citizenand a stanch member of the Republicanparty. The Congregational Church receivedhis hearty support, as he attendeii the servicesof that religious l)odv. His wife, Eveline P.(^ Field) Al)l)ott. was also a native of Cornwall,Vermont, a member of the okl Field lamilythat luis been identitied with the history ofthe country for so many years. Cyrus W.Field being a descendant of the same stuck.This good woman and true wifepassed awayfrom this life. January 28. 1886, in themembership of the Congregational Church.Our subject is the only remaining memberof the family, and was born in this city, August16, 1858, and on the same day the firstcable message was sent to C^ueen Victoria by-President Huchanan. He was roared andeducated in his native city, growing to manhoodwith his two sisters, all now deceased.One of them, Ilattie, liied in Vermont inchildhood, before the birth of our subject,while Helen M. and Martha A. died in Madison.Upon the death of his father, Mr. Abbolt assumed charge of the extensive business,which retains the old name of Abbott it Son,and is now the oldest marble, granite andtombstone lu)use inthe city, employing fromsix to eight men ail the time.Our subject was married in tiiis city, toMiss E. Estelle Ford, born, reared and educatedin this city, attending the ])ublic schoolsanti the State University.Her father, CJharlesF. Ford, operateil a m.ichine shop in the cityof Madison for many years, being a finemachinist, and tlu' family has resideil inDane county for a long pi^riod (if time, beitigamong the first settlers. The mother ofMrs. Abbott, Patience (Safford) Ford, was anative of New York State, as was iier husband.They came, while still young, to

Verona, and has two chiljdren,IihasImarried312 BIOGRAPHICAL US VIEW OFWisconsin, where tliey were married.Theyare yet living, and are worthy, prosperouspeople. Mr. and Mrs. Abbott have hadthree children, namely: George, deceased;Ellis P. and Eveline P. Mr. Abbott and hisestimable wife are both members of the ConeresationalChurch. Like his father beforehini, Mr. Abbott is a stancb Republican.Socially, he is connected with the A. F. ctA. M., and is Vice-Chancellor of the K. of P.order. Owing to his menial, pleasant mannersand strict integrity, Mr. Abbott hasmade a large circle of friends for himself, bywhom he is hijjhlv resrarded. He is one oftlie rising young business men of the city,and promises to become one of her solidmen iu the near future.UllLANDEii M.PRITCHARD, whoduring his life was one of the prominentresidents of Fitchburg township,Wisconsin, is the subject of the presentsketch.Our subject was born October 5, 1816, inOtsego county. Xew York, and was the sonof Harvey Pritchard, who was born in NewEngland, of early English ancestry. Hefollowed the trade of foundryman in Canandaigua.and Perry, Wyoming county, and remainedthere until 1S43, when he came toWisconsin. He made the entire journeyoverland by teams, and bought a tract ofGovernment land in the town of Dunn,where he improved a farm andresided therefor some time, then moved to Green county,and died at the home of his youngest son,near Argyle, in that county, at the age ofseventy-eight years.The maiden name of his wife was LydiaKelsey, born in New England, and died onthe home farm in the town of Dunn. Shereared nine sons: Daniel, James, Reuben,Levi, Mark, Philander, Lorenzo, Rufus andBurton. Our subject was the si.vth of thefamily, and he grew up and was associatedwith his father in business, residing iuNewYork until 1843. In May, of that year,accompanied by his wife and two childrencame to the Territory of Wisconsin via teamto Buffalo, then by lake and river to Racine,and then by team to Dane county. He hadbeen here the year before, and selected a tractof Government land in section 33, in what isnow the town of Fitchburg. There was avacant log building near by iuto which thefamily moved. It ha^l no door, no floor norchimney, but they hung carpet in the doorway.'At this time there was but onehouse betweenhere and Madison, and much of theland was owned by the Government. Deerand prairie chickens were plentiful, and thesewere their chiefdiet as far as meat was concerned.For two or three years there was norailroad, and the grain had to be hauled toMilwaukee. He soon built a log cabin onhis own land which the family occupiedseveral years, when he built a brick house,and resided here until his death, February 14,1886. He was suct-essfnl as a farmer, andat the time ofhis death he owned 200 acresof land well improved.The marriage of our subject took placeJuly 10,1837. to Miss Lydia Guild, and fourchildren were born of this union, tliree ofwhom are yet living: Helen, D. Hahnemannand Lydia. Helen married Edward Palmer,and resides inLevi and Delos. D. H., married Dru-silla Tiramens, and lives in Toledo, Ohio, andtwo children, Adella and Fred. Cleora,B. McManus, but died November

DANE COUNTT, WISCONSIN. 31315, 1891. Lydia lives with her mother ontiie home farm where thev have a pleasantplace filled with the comforts of life.Mrs. Fritchard was born in Otsego county,New York, March 12. IS 16. Her father,Felix Guild, was born in Middletown, Connecticut,and was a sou of Samuel and Abagail(Doolitttle) Guild, aiicl a descendant inthe sixth 'generation from John Guild.sketch of(Seethe Guild family in that of CharlesBurleigh, of Portland, Maine.) Felix Guildwas married in Connecticut, and went fromthere to Otsego county, and from there toCattaraugus county, New York, where hewas a pioneer settler.He purchased land oftlie Holland Purchase Company, improvedfarm and resided there until his death, January7, 1839. The maiden name of his wife,the mother of Mrs. Fritchard, was LydiaDay. She was born in Connecticut, in 1708,and died at the town of Ferry, Wyomingcounty. New York, Septemlier, 1839.Among the interesting facts connected withthe life of our lamented subject, we maymention the following: He was a naturalmusician, and became very proficient in theuse of the (darionet. When he crossed theRock river at Janesville, July 3, 1843, hepaid the last twenty-five cent piece he hadfor toll. He had friends at Janesville, withwhom he stopped. On July 4 he played inthe band at the celebration in that city, andat an entertainment in the evening, and thefollowing day went north to fill engagementshe had made that day and evening, and inthree days he returned home witli S45 in cash.He and three brothers formed the well-knownFritchard band that furnished music for theentertainments Ijetween the lake andaMississippiriver. The money earned in this waywas of the greatest help in their straightenedcircumstances. His mother had ol)jected toher sons joining the band, fearing tliat tlieymight be led into intemperance by the associations,but they all pledged her that theyWould never taste strong drink, and theywere all total abstainers. He and wife wereboth liberal in their relitrious belief, and attendedthe Universalist Church wlien opportunityofi'ered.When the parents of Mrs. Fritchard settledin Cattaraugus county, there were norailroads, and consequently no markets, andthe ])eople lived principally off the proiluctsof the land. Her mother used to spin andweave, and the family were thus clothed.During life the subject of this sketch adheredto the principles of the Democraticparty. He was a man well known in thecommunity, and every whererespected.ggSCAR SCHLOTTHAUEK, the Countylife,having been born hereabout tliirty-threeyears ago and was educated in the private andpublic schools of the city. Later in life hebecame a railroad postal clerk,running fromChicago to Winona, Minnesota. After hisfather's death he assumed the managementof his business until he was elected CountyClerk.The father of our sulrject was a native ofHesse-Cassel, Germany, and was namedGeorge. He came to the United States in1850, when he was about twenty-six years ofage. He spent two years in New York city,when he removed to New Orleans,where heresided about four years; then he marriedand came to Madison and remained hereClerk of Dane county, has l)een a resi-^ dent of Madison, AVisconsin, all hisuntilhis death, which occurred in 1880. Hiswife, who is yet living, was Miss Gertrude

314 BIOGHAPHWAL liEVIEW OFBacbem, born in the Rhine province, Prussia,and came to the United States in 1855. Oneyear later she married and removed toMadison,where she has since made her home, andwhere she and her husband were well-knownGerman residents. Our subject is the secondof three sons born to these parents, of whomone, August, the eldest, died in 1S76. Theother son, Julius, is manager of the LakeCity House iu Madison.Our subject is a strong and active Democrat,and has always e.xerted himself for thecanse of his party and for the good ofMadison.As a reward for his industry he waselected County Clerk in1890, and re-electedin 1892, and has filled the position in a verysatisfactory manner to allparties.Mr. Scblotthauer is very social in hisnature and is a charter member of the LakeCity Gun Club, and is very fond of huntingand fishing. He has never married, but ashe is yet a young man bis friends hope tointroduced to a Mrs. Scblotthauer beforemany years have gone by.4^-^eNbeiRS. ELIZA BA(:o^", the widow ofthe late Ira P. Bacon, ofWaunakee,Wisconsin, is the lady of whom thissketch is written. She is the daughter ofJob J. and Eliza (Johnson) Ikin, both nativesof London, England, where Mrs. Bacon wasborn. There she married George Flatmaii,in 1863, and two years later they came toAmerica, directing their way to Vienna,Wisconsin, where they settled upon a farmwith an aunt and uncle from Enghiiid, remainingthere a few years until Waunakeewas first started, and in the fall of 1874 theyremoved to that village, which was then veryemail. They bought a lot and built a houseupon it,intending to pass many happy yearsthere. However, March 29, 1875, he wasaccidentally drowned in a spring flood of themill-pond belonging to Mr. Paekham. Mr.Flatman was a young man, only thirty-tiveyears of age, and his sudden death was one ofthe sad things of life. Three children wereleft to the bereaved mother: William J.,whose home is with his mother; George H..a resident of Waunakee, married, and hasone daughter; and Ernest, who died at theage of four years, of diphtheria, in 1877.In December, 1877, Mrs. Flatman marriedJudge Bacon. He was a native of NewYork, born atCanandaigua, a son of Williamand (Smith) Bacon. He first married,in New York, Miss Ellen Nettaway, ofthesame place, and soon after they removedto Kalamazoo, Michigan. He was a farmerboy, reared to farm life by his parents, whowere in comfortable circumstances, and wasone ofseven children, of whom but one nowsurvives. His parents died in middle life.Five children were born of his first marriage,with whom this notice isnot concerned.Judge Bacon came to Baraboo,Wisconsin,at an early day, engaging in conducting astageline from Baraboo to Milwaukee, therebeing no Madison at that time. Wild animalswere still numerous on his route andthere were few white people; and Mrs. Baconremembers the Judge telling how he onceran a bear down into a grove near her homein the village. He removed to this place in1864: and bought a farm. He was an activebusiness man, engaged in building and contracting,using his means and energies tobuild up the town, being one of itsfounders.At his death he owned 300acres near the village,and al.«o lands in other townships and inDakota.For twenty years he had been a Justiceof the Peace and had a wide reputation as

DAlfE COUNTy, WISCONSIN. 315a jurist, business coining to him froindistantpoints, parties feeling an assurance of havingjustice done them. A terror of evildoers, hemeted out the penalty of the law without fearor favor.The death of Judge Bacon took [ilace athis home February 26, 1888, at the age ofsixty-six years.He had not been a professorof any particular religious creed, but was amoral man, public-spirited, and liberal toall religious enterprises, helping along allschemes tending toward the welfare of humanity.He gave the land for the RomanCatholic Seminary and donated liberally tothe erection of the church. His death wasmourned by many beside his own family,the latter leaving his widow andofone daughter,Agnes Victoria, a l)right and intelligentmaiden, gifted in music, who will receiveevery educational advantage.Judge liacon had no advantages beyondthe common school, but his ability and accuracyin all legal business was remarkable.The legal fraternity in Madison were alwaysready to endorse his every act. He had afair financial start in life from his father, buthad many vicissitude^; but at tiie time ofhis death was possessed of a fair fortune,which has been amical)ly settled among theheirs. In politics he was a stanch Republican,ever advocating what he lielieved to beright.Mrs. Bacon had the beloveil remaitis placedten)porarily in tlie front yard of the residence,but a tine monument inthe Vienna cemeteryis to cover them, and there she desires to belaid by his side. She is a lady of much refinementand culture, one of the social factorsof this little cit\'.':^L)S(:)X B. JACKSON, general agent\Wa'•''^ Jackson Refrigerator Company ot^^^ Chicago, resides on section 11, in Oregontownship, and his residence dates from1867. lie was born in Wyoming county,New York, September 20, 1843. His grandfather,Ebenezer Jackson, who had been asoldier in the war of 1812, born June 15,1786, became one of the early settlers ofSheldon, Wyoming county. New York, andmarried Betsey Pringle, of Otsego, NewYork, January 22, 1808. He owned a farmat Sti'ykersville and also kejit a store; alsobuilt a hotel at Sheldon Center, which hemanaged for a time, but subsequently removedto Albion, Pennsylvania, where helived until he died, August 7, 1857, leavingthese children: Lucy N., Cytitliia U., JohnLyman, Charles Pringle, Sophia Jane,ofKathleenand Julius D.The father of our snbject, John LymanJackson, was born in Riclitield, New York,February 23, 1817, and removed with hisparents to Wyoming county, where he engagedin farming, and May 13, 1840, he marriedPhcebe Eliza Turner, who was born inNaples, New York, January 16, 1816.Afternnirriage he settled on a farm in Slieldontownship, remaining until 1852, when hewent West, where he engaged in |)eddlingand also in teaching school, both in Wisconsinand Illinois. He selected a tract ofland in Forest t()wnship, Richland county,Wisconsin, which he purchased and thereerected a log cabin, and in 1854 he removedhis family toWisconsin, making the journeyvia the lakes from J'ulialo to Milwaukee,thence by rail to Madison, and at this placeMr. .lacksonas they settled down inmet his family with teams; andtheir new home theybecame one of the five pioneer families ofRichland county inhabiting F'orest township.

316 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFMr. .rackson representedthe Assembly of 1860.Riclilaiul county inIn the spring of 18t)4 he removed toDanecounty and first settled in Sun Prairie, wherehe purchased a farm, but in 1867 he removedto Oregon town.^liip and settled on section 11,where he purchased 120 acres of land andpassed his hist days, dying February 20,1891. The mother of our subject died November15, 18'JO. Slie had been a memberof the Presbyterian (Jhurcli. Mr. Jacksonhad been a member of the Masonic fraternity.Tl}ey had a family of two children: HelenSophia, born in Strykersville, New York,May 14, 18-11, who married Dr. Charles N.Dunn, of Centralia, Illinois; both she andher iiusband are graduates of HahnemannMedical College of Chicago, and both are engagedin practice in Centralia.Our subject, Edson 11, was but a boywhen the family came to Wisconsin, celebratinghis eleventh birthday by assisting thefamily in removing into the new home. Hewas reared on the farm and attended only apart of two terms in school after comingWest and this instruction was received atI3araboo. He continued to reside with hisparents as long as they lived and now ownstiie old place, consisting of 120 acres. UponSeptember 3, 1864, our subject enlisted inthe Union army and was mustered intoservice with Company 1>, Forty-second WisconsinInfantry, an

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 317frame house, in vvliirli the wife died in thewinter of 1S88, aged sixty years.They werethe parents of six cliildren, viz.: Fred, diedMay 22, 1878, aged twenty- tliree years;Mary, died April 7, 1880, aged twenty-fouryears; Wilhelin. May 30, 1882; August,January 10, 1887, aged twenty-one years;Henry, September 18, 1889; aged twentyyears; and Ilattie, a young lady, resideswithher father. Mr. and Mrs. Mengedoth wereboth members of the (Teriuan LutheranChurch. Our subject has now practicallyretired from hard labor.The prominent pciints in this biographicalmemoir have been extracted from a sketchwritten at the time of his death, by the lateGeneral David Atwood:Mr. Brown was liornat Elbridge, C)nondaga county. New York,July 24, 1823.His father, M. Brown, Esrj.,was a native of Hadley, Saratoga county.New York, and was the son of Timothy andBetsey (Monroe) Brown, both natives ofMassachusetts, and both ofQuaker ancestry.They removed from Massachusetts to Hadley,New York, at an early day, and were closelyidentified with the latter place most of their.(^y.M-?ilives.They were prominent pioneer settlers,and lived at Hadley thi'ough the period offlMOTflY ]!R()WN.— In the death offx. Timothy Brown, which, though it oc-^J curred more than a dozen years ago, isstill fresh in the memories of the citizens ofMadison, the entii-e community suffered aloss, which, perhap.s.has not yet been I'epaired.Mr. Brown was well known as one of themost successful, as well as one of the mostwealthy men in central Wisconsin. He diedat his beautiful home. No.116 East Gilmanstreet, IN'ovember 15, 1879. His death, likethose of many others that had preceded itthis city, was very sudden. He had performedthe regulai- routine duties of his dailybusiness up to within a few days of his death,which was caused by apoplexy, and whichcould not l)e averted by all that human aidcould do, and after lingering in an uncdiisciousstate for forty-eight hours, the vitalspark took its flight. His death was a sadshock, not only toinhis immediate family, butalso to the pntire community with which hehad been so long identitied, and by which hewas so well known and so highly respected.He was always a near friend to all, and histlie Revolutionary war. Mr. Brown was asoldier in that war. He was by occupation atiller of the soil, and died when full of years,highly respected by the entire community inwhich he lived. Both he and his wife diedin the Presbyterian faith. Mrs. Brown wasthe daughter of Es(juire and Mary Monroe.M. Brown, Esquire, was born at Hadley, NewYork, in 1799, gi-ew to manhood an industriousfarmer boy, and settled in Elbridge,Onondaga county. New York, when thatcounty was new, and at once assumed aprominent position in the newly formingcommunity. He frequently represented histown in tli§ County Board, and also his districtin the Legislature. He was a practicalagriculturist and died at an advanced age,highly respected by all who knew him. Hewas married in Onondaga county. New York,to Miss Lydia Parkman, who was also bornand chiefly reared in Hadley. She was thedaughter of Frederick and Hannah Parkman,of New lingland ancestry, and prominentpeople in Elbridge, where they spent their lastyears, also dying at an advanced age. Theydeath could not but cause generalthe capital city.22sadness inwere prominent members of the PresliyterianChurch.Their daughter, Ijvdia, after reach-

Hi He31BIOGRAFUWALHE VIEW OFinir womanhood and iiirtnyiiio; Mr. Brown,|was a i^ood wife and riiotlier, and a devotedOlirisfian, and tluis it appears that the ancestryof Timothy lirown, on both sides of liisfaniii}', were all highly respectable and Christianpeople. Timothy Brown, when a lad,worked on his father's farm and received anacademic education. At the age of seventeen,he began life for himself. He had from earlycliildhood manifestedqualitications, was alwaysalways had somethinoj to sell.extraordinary businessready to trade andWhile yet in his 'teens he took a positionin a country store as clerk, at Jordan, nearSyracuse, which was owned by George A.Mason, who had married his eldest sister. Inthis position young Brown remained sometwo or three years, receiving but small pay,but saving his earnings with great care.Hethen acce])ted a position as bookkeeper in theBank of Salina. llis strict attention to businesssoon won him promotion, and he becamefirst, teller, and then cashier of that strongbanking institution.P)y his frugality he accumulatedsome means while in this bank,and in 1855, having received inducementsfrom his life-long friend. N. B. Van Slyke,Esq., that promised a better return for hislabor, he resigned his position as cashier ofthe Bank of Salina, and removed to Madison,Wisconsin, where he continued toreside untilhis death. Here he became cashier of tlu

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 31!)tune, which he left at liis dentli in the sliapeof i)usiness bhjcks, dwellinij houses, stocks,bonds, etc., all of which is being carefullymanaged and made profitable by his widowand two sons, the latter of whom possesssmuch of the business ability, skill and tactoftheir deceased father.Socially, Mr. Brown was a remarkablypleasant gentleman. He was not what isgenerallv understoodas a society man, as herather shrank from crowded parlors and asseinl:)lies,but inthe midst of a small circle ofintimate friends he was extremely agreeable.He was ever kind to all in distress or whoneeded assistance, and there are many instancesin the city of Madison where hiswealth has been the means of quietly makinghappy those in need.These services were alwaysperformed without show or ostentation.In his charitable work he literally obeyed theScripture injunction "to let not the left handknow what the right hand doeth." He wasopposed to everything that looked like displayin doing good. He was a Republicanin politics, and while not a member of anychurch, usually attended the CongregationalChurch in Madison.fHESTER SUTHERLAND, who,duringa long and useful life resided inDane county as a pioneer, is the subjectof our sketch.Mr. Sutherland was born in Batavia, Geneseecounty, New York, January 22, 1817.His father, Joshua, was, it is thought, borninDuchess county. New York, and from thebest information at hand, emigrated to Canadawith his brother Isaac in ISOl, and oneyear later removed to Genesee county. NewYork, where they were among the first settlers.He bought timbered land and cleareda farm and spent the last

320 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFJanuary 28, 1838, aged seventy-four years.In October, 1838, he removed to Chicago,lived there until 1842, when he came toWisconsin and residedHazel Green and Monroe.with his son Orlin atAsriah Rood was born in Stafford, Connecticut,in 1724. He removed to Woodbury,Connecticut, about 1744. In 1750 liewas married to liuth Prime, who died in1765. He was married again, to Lydia Drakley,in 1766. In 1775 he emigrated into thethe woods of Vermont with a large family ofsmallchildren, locating at Jericho, on Onionriver and the following year was driven outl)y Indians and returned to Woodbury, Connecticut,where he remained for one year,thence removing to Lanesborough, Massachusetts.He remained here till March,1783, when he started again for the Onionriver country. He proceeded to Rutland,Vermont, by o.xteams, where he built a raft.and drifted down Otter creek, to Middlesburg,Vermont, where there was then nohouse. He got his family into a log houseat West Haven, where he left his wife andtwo daughters, and with hissons and the oxteams witiiout wagon proceeded through thewoods by marked trees to Jericho, where hiswife and daughters soon joined him. Theybuilt a cabin, clearedland and went to farming.In 1791 a Congregational Church wasformed. Asriah Rood was elected its onlyDeacon, which office he lield till his death,February 28, 1795, when his son, Tiios. D.was elected to succeed him, with ReubenLee as assistant. Lydia, wife of AsriahRood, died May 1. 1798.The father of Asriaii Rood was a residentof Statibrd, Connecticut; was a soldier intheFrench and Indian war, and died at the latterplace, at the age of eighty-seven.The father of Mrs. Snthcrland was rearedin Jericho and there married and resided until1836, when he emigrated West and stoppedawhile in .Michigan, and then moved to Illinois,where he took a contract on the canalthen in course of construction, e.\tendincrfrom Chicago to Peru. During the year1837 his wife and four children joined himin Chicago. They came by way of teams tolake Chaniplain and the Chamjtlain canalTroy and then via Erie canal to Putfalo andthen by the lakes to Chicago. The familyspent the winter in what is now the city ofChicago, and in the spring moved to Joliet.He continued at work on this canal for aboutfour years, when the project failed and helost very heavily. He then came to Madison.While his family lived here he was inthe pineries engaged in the lumber business.Finally the family of our subject joinedhim and they lived there a few years, and thenremoved to Ohio and settled at Cambridtjewhere his wife had inherited a large estate.From there he went to Williamsburg, Callawaycounty, Missouri, and died at the homeof his youngest son there. The maiden nameof his first wife, the mother of Mrs. Sutherland,was Abigail Geer, who died in thetown of Jericho, Vermont. Three of iierchildren were reared: Sarah, Anson, andGalen. The father reared one son, RobertD., by his secondmarriage.Mrs. Sutherland still occupies the homefarm. She has six living children: HenryJ., Quincy ()., George G., Albert W., FrankM., and Anna E.Mr. Sutherland was a successful farmer, atone time owning 825 acres of land all in onebody. Politically he was a Republican andfilled various offices of trust. He was one oftiie three County Commissioners whenColumbia and Sauk counties weretocombinedwith Dane. Me also served as Town Super-

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 331intendent of Schools, as Collector and as Justiceof Peace. lie was an intelligent manand labored hard and spent freely of hismeans to educate his cliildren. All of themattended the "Wisconsin University and twoof them graduated, and all hold his memoryinreverence.^. ^^•N ^au^EORGE F. BKOWN,the snl.ject of thepresent sketch, was born in Deerfield,Kockingham county, New llampsliire,November 20. 1822, and his father, BenjaminBrown, and his grandfather, Eni/chBrown, were liorn in the same State, the latterat Poplin, November 4, 1753. The greatgrandfatherof our subject was Enoch iJrownand was born in the same town. August 8,1725; his father, Benjamin Brown, was bornin Southhampton, New Hampshire, in Deceinijer,1685; his father, Thomas, in Seabrook,in 1661, his father, John, havincrmoved to America from Norfolk county,England. He was one of the tifty-one firstsettlers of old Hampton, in 1638, and diedthere in1686; his son, Thomas, died January29, 1748; Benjamin died February 9. 17G6:Enoch died May 15, 1796; his son, Enoch, in1838. This was the grandfather of our subject,and he removed to Deerfield and boughta farm and resided there untilhis decease.The maiden name of the wife of Enoch, thegrandmother of our subject, was AbigailStuart, and she was born in the same State,of Scotch ancestry. She died on the hotnefarm May 16, 1840. The father of our subjectwas reared and educated in his nativetown and has always followed farming, havinginherited tlie old home farm, where hespent his whole life and died July 25, 1866.The maiden name of the motlier of our subjectwas Nancy Evans, born in Allentown,^ferrimae county. New Hampshire, November15, 1785, and died on the home farmJanuary 28, 1854, having reared three children;Florinda, George F., and Benjamin S.Our subject was reared and educated in hisnative town until he was ready for academicalhonors and then was sent to Pembroke Academy.He resided with his parents until 1842and thefiwent to Boston, Massachusetts, andengaged in thegrocery busines.s.In P^ebruary,1850, he formed a partnership with two othersto go to California and engage in businessthere. They purchased a stock of generalmerciumdise, also lumber, had a store buildingframed and ready to put up, shipped allaboard a sailing vessel and went by way ofGape Horn, arriving in September. They didnot find a lot that would suit them and consequentlysold their building, which had costthem about $400, for $2,600, and then rentedanother building. This building was builtbetween two others and consisted of postsdriven inthe ground and boarded up in frontand back, with sailcloth for a roof. Theydisposed of most of their stock at a ]irivatesale and in December auetioTied off the balance,and at once started for home. At Panamatwo of them hired three horses, one eachto ride,the other to carry their baggage, andthey made their way on horseback to the Chagresriver and there hired a man with a dugoutto take them to Chagi-es, on the easterncoast, and from there they took steamshipfor New York. There our subject engagedin the produce business until 1855, and in1856 he came West, visiting Madison, Oshkosh.Fond du Lac, Dubuque, Cedar Falls,Waterloo, Iowa, and thence to Illinois, andfrom there he returned to Boston. Our subjectin 1857 traded property in Waltham,Massachusetts, for the fai-mhe now owns and

323 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFoccupies and located here the same year. liehas placed the land under cultivation, erectedgood buildings and otherwise improved theplace.In 1852 Mr. Brown was united in marriagewith Miss Meribah Greene Weare, who wasborn in Deertield, Mew Hampshire, her fatherMeshech Weare, was born in HamptonFalls, New Hampshire, March 21, 1757. Hergreat-grandfather, Hon. Meshech Weare, wasboru June IG, 1713, and was the tirst Governorof New Hainoshire. He died January14, 1786. This gentleman was married twice,his second wife being Mehitabel Wainwright,who was boru July 12, 1719, and died November20, 1781. The grandfather of Mrs.Brown was a graduate of Harvard College,and for nearly thirty years a Clerk in the StateLegislature, and about the same length oftime was Town Clerk of Deerfield; he diedin 1827. The maiden name of his wife wasPolly Locke, who spent her entire life in NewHampshire. The father of Mrs. Brown wasreared and educated in his native State, andfor some years taught school.After the deathof his wife he went to Vermont, bought afarm, lived there for several years, and diedat the home of his son, Meshech GardnerWeare. The maiden name of the mother ofour subject's wife was Meribah Greene, bornin Deertield, New Hampshire, and died February14, 1822.Mrs. Brown was an infant when her motherdied, and she then lived witii her paternalgrandparents until their death, and then livedwith an aunt until her marriage. Mr. andMrs. Brown have two .sons,George Edward,and Preston Weare. Mrs. Brown anil tierson, Preston, are members of the CongregationalChurch, which is One of the bestchurches in Madison. Mr. I>rown was formallya Whig, but has been a Kepublicansince the formation of that party.AMUEL T.WORTHING, a successfulfarmer of Dane county, was born inNew Hampshire, in 1822, a son ofMoses Worthing, a native of Grafton, thatState, and a farmer by occupation. Hisfather, Samuel G. Worthing, was one oftheearly pioneers of New Hampshire, and had asevere struggle in clearing and making ahome in that rough and sterile portion of theState. The privations and hardships enduredby this grand man and his family would seemincredible to the present generation. Hiswife, the grandmother of our subject, wasformerly a Miss Ingalls, and they had fivesons and three daughters, who lived to becomeheads of families, Moses, the father of oursubject, being the eldest of the children.The parents died on their large farm at anadvanced age.Three of the sons chose fnriningas their vocation through life, and thefather cave each a large farm. Two becameitinerant Methodist ministers. Kev. JonathanWorthincr died in Illinois, and Ezekiel,died on his farm in this State. MosesWorthing was married in New Hampshire,to Anna Sanborn, a native of Uristol, thatState. They resided on a farm there manyyears, and where their twelve children wereborn, eleven of whom grew to years of maturityand married. The family emigrated toOhio in 1833, going by team to Buffalo, andby water to Ashtabula, but, on account of asevere storm, they were obliged to land atFairport.They purchased 250 acres of land,which had a small clearing, and where thefather died at the age of eighty-three years,

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 323and the mother tliree years later, aged eightythreeyears.Samuel T. Worthiiii;, thehis parents' eleven livingvoimgest son ofchildren, remainedat home until twenty-seven years, when hedrove from Ashtabula county, Ohio, to Danecounty, Wisconsin. His cash capital thenconsisted of a few hundred dollars, withwhich he purchased eighty acres of land twomiles from his f)resent home. One year laterhe bought IGO acres in Roxbury township,going in debt for the same to the amount of$1,700, but which he soon paid, and laterpurchased eighty acres more, making him afarm of 2-10 acres. After a residence thereof twelve years Mr. Worthing sold (lut,and in 1866, with two good teams andwagons, took up the line of march for theWest, settling on 400 acres of land in Nodawaycounty, Missouri, for which he paid$4,000. On account of sickness in the familyhe remained there only six years, againsold out, and with his teams returned to Danetownship, Dane county, Wisconsin, with lessmoney, but more experience than when holeft, hi company with his two sons he nowowns 260 acres of land in one body. At onetime Mr. Worthing owned 1,280 acres ofland in Texas, where he intended to keepstock.In his political views he was a Democrat before tlie war, but since that strugglehas been identified with the Republican party.Both he and his wife are earnest workers inthe Methodist Church.Our subject was married at the age oftwenty-four years, to Miss Belinda Sleeper,a native of Bristol, New Hampshire. Theyhave had live children, as follows: Orilla,wife of Orson Martin, a farmer of Chasecounty, Nebraska, and they have four sonsand one daughter; Ella, wife of William Folsom,of Lodi, and they have one son andthree daughters: Etta, wife of Giles Martin,a farmer of Westport township, Dane county,one son and two daughters; John F., a farmeron the old homestead, married Matilda Hawker;and (Miarles Edwin, who resides with hisparents, and owns one-half of the farm.Kraidv went to Nebraska at one time, butafterward sold out and returned to his parents.Edwin irt now twenty-tive years ofao-e.4^^gLLJAH D. SHOLTS, one of the earlypioneers of this county, was born inBarrington, Yates county, New York,August 10, 1821. The father, John, was anative of Germany as far as is known, whocame to America andfollowed the callintr ofteacher in Barrington, until he removed toErie county, Pennsylvania, about 1833, wherehe resided on the banks of lake Erie, nearGirard, wiiere he still followed his callingfor about twelve years, and then went toTexas, bought land, and was one of the earlysettlers of that State.Later, while returninghome for his family he died among the Indians.The maiden name of his wife wasHannah Hanan, native of Rhode Island. Shesurvived her husband some years and died atthe home of her son, our subject, in Oregon.She had reai'ed ten children.Our subject received his education in theschools of New York and Pennsylvania andat the age of eighteen commenced farmingon a tract of Moravian land, in Erie county,and lived there until 184(5, when he came tothe Territory of Wisconsin, accompanied byhis wife and her brother. The journey wasmade overland, with horses and wagon andconsumed seventeen days. At that timeMadison was a small village, andthere were

i324 BIOGRAPHICAL SEVIEW OFquite as many log as frame houses. Thesurrouiidiiig country was but little improvedand the land belonged principally to theGovernment, selling for §1.25 an acre. Mr.Sholts remained one winter at Milton Junctionand in the spring of 1847 came to Danecounty and bought forty acres of land that isnow included in his present farm. On thisland he built a small log house, which servedas a shelter for the family. At differenttimes he addedto his farm until at one timehe was the owner of 220 acres of land in thetowns of Oregon and Rutland. There wereno railroads, and he had to market his produceat Milwaukee. The trip took one weekand on the return journey he used to bringmerchandise and salt for the merchants ofMadison, and occasionally brought out afamily of emigrants.Mr. Sholts married April 29, 1846, MissJulia A. Searles, born in Lake county,Ohio. Her father, Philip, was born, as faras known in Canada, where he married AnnFromMinchler, a native of the same place.Canada the J'oungcouple came to Ohio, andwere among the pioneers of Lake county,where theythe wilderness and inbought land, built a log-house inthat house Mrs. Sholtswas born. Mr. and Mrs. Searles spent theirlast days in Lake county. Mr. and Mrs.Sholts have three children, namely: HannahE., who married Amos Minger, and has onechild, Minnie; William, who married FrankieFisher, and has three children, Willie, Jessieand Ivy; the third child, Charles marriedEmma Davis, and they have one child, IlallieZ. Mr. Sholts has been a member of theUnited Brethren Church forty-nine years,and he is a strong temperance man, and inpolitics Mr. Sholts is a strong Republican.Many changes have taken place since Mr.Sholts arrived in Wisconsin. Then wildgame of allkinds roamed over the prairie andthe Indians came to the doors begging forfood. Although Mr. Sholts was a very poorman when he came to the State he has workedhis w'ay up until he is now of the most highlyre.-pected citizens of Oregon, where he andills wife are now enjoying the evening of theirlives.^•#J "i" '^'^A N 1 EL I3ECIITEL, an extensive farmerof Rlooming Grove to wn.-hip, was born niLaurel township, Lycoming county, Pennsylvania,August yi, 1845.Ills father, John,was born near Reading, Purks county Pennsylvania,and the grandfather, Peter, was bornin the same county, althougli of Cjerinanancestry.The Bechtels were among the firstsettlers of the State of Pennsylvania. Hewas a farmer by occupation and spent hislast years in Buffalo Valley. The father ofour subject was reared to agricultural pursuits,but when a yong man commenced thebusiness of freighting onthe canal, carryintrboth grain and lumber, later engaging in thelumber business, at one time operating twosawmills and a gristmill. In 1850 ho tradeda irristmill for a tract of land, in the townof Pleasant Springs, Dane county, and in thefallof that year moved here with his family.They came via rail to New York, thence bycanal and lakes to Milwaukee, thence to theirfuture home by team. On his arrival Mr.Hechtel found that he had been swindled,that he had traded his mill for a piece ofmarsh instead of farm land. Therefore hebought a tract of forty acres, on which therewas a log house, in which the family spentthe winter. In the following spring hepurchased the farm where the subject andhis mother now reside. Here he biiilt a brick

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 325house and otherwise improved the place,residing there until his death, February 5,1876. The maiden name of the mother ofour subject was Catherine Eyer, born inDryValley, Union county, Pennsylvania, May 6,1818. The great grandfather of our subjectJohn Eyer, was born in Dry Valley, wherehis father was a farmer and spent his lastdays. The grandfather removed from DryValley to Lycoming county, settled nearHenstown, wiiere he rented a farm andresided until his death. Tlie maideti name ofhis wife was Elizabeth Wise. She was a nativeof Pennsylvania, where she spent her entirelife.The grandfather was a member of theBaptist Church, his wife of the Presbyterian,the father a Presbyterian and the mother aLutheran. The father was a Detnocrat inpolitics.Our subject was five years old when hecame to Wisconsin with his parents. Heattended school quite steadily in his youtlifuldays, acquiring a gooil business education.He always resided with his parents, andsince his father's death has managed thehome farm, which he has greatly improved.He has purchased other land anil is now verywell situated. He has always been identifiedwith the Democratic party, having tilledvarious offices of trust. For three years hohas served as Town Clerk, and for fourteenyears represented his township on thecountyBoard af Supervisors. He was elected Sheriff"of Dane county in November, 1882, whichofKce he filledthe succeeding two years.:-¥^.^ILLIAM A. FrrZGIBBON, is a\/\k fai-mer located upon section 20,l^=^KiWestport township, and was horn onStaten Island, New York in1850. His tVitherwas James Fitzgibbon, who was born about1810, in Ireland, near Limerick, county Cork.The grandfather of our subject was JamesFitzgibbon also. He was a wealthy landowerinIreland, where he died at about the age ofsixty years. He was thrice married and rearedbut three children, one son and two daughters.The son was reared well at home, having agood chance for learning, but at the age offourteen he lost his fatiier and he had metwitii losses and reverses. The son started outin life at the age of sixteen years, coming toAmerica with a few hundred dollars savedfrom the wreck of his father's fortunes. Hecame to this country on a sailing craft,consuming six weeks in the journey fromLiverpool to New York. He had manyeperiences and traveled for a house whichdealt in paints and felts, through the Southin winter and the North in summer.At al)0ut the age of twenty-five years hemarried Miss Elizabeth Wilson, in NewYork. She was born in north Ireland audwas the daughter of Willian and Elizabeth(Clark) Wilson, of Donegal, and she wasof Scotch ancestry. They came West toWisconsin in 1851, with two children andwhen our subject was a babe. They caine bywater to Milwaukee and by team to Madisou,and very sooti to Westport, where theyobtained a half quarter section, eighty acres ofGovernment latxl, and upon this he built arough loe house 20x26, and an additionfor a kitchen. They had a brick chimneyand a large fireplace.Subsequently Mr. Fitzgibljon a

336 BIOORAPHIOAL REVIEW OPher seventieth birth-daj'. They left all of theirfamily of children still living, as follows:Edward E. is at Phoenix, Arizona; WilliamA., of this State; James M. is a farmer on apart of the old farm; Elizabeth J. is a teacherand a social leader; Ella L. is the wife ofGeorge W. Taff, at Castle wood, Dakota,where he is real- estate broker; Catherine A.resides in St. Paul, Minnesota, where she hasbeen a teacher and now is a milliner; John"W. resides in Woodland, Colorado; Mary T.is the wife of Williatn Cullen at Merimac,Wisconsin, and Joseph II. is a resident ofChicago.Mr. Fitzgibbon was reared on the farm,but had good edncational advantages at thedistrict school and attended for two years atthe University. He was for five years inGovernment employ on the river improvement.For fifteen winters he tautrht schooland was in Kansas, Nebraska, Dakota, somethree years all together and gathered up muchexperience of lifein these places.October 23, 1888, he was married to MissNora Bowles, a daughter of John and Bridget(Kinney) Bowles, of Canada, and now arefarmers of this county.Mr. and Mrs. Fitzgibbonbegan domestic life on a part of the oldhomestead. They have 240 acres, all of whichthey bought of the heirs of the homestead.He has been Supervisor of the township, andsince 1887 he has been Chairman. They haveburied one son, named William, and nowhave one, James.Mr. Fitzgibbon isa straight-out Democratand is a member of the Roman CatholicCliurch and a temperate man. He carries ona mixed husbandry, growing mostly corn andoats, and keeps about lifty head of horses andcattle, and raises about 100 head of head ofhogs per year. He has a fine range for hisstock and a good orchard, and has been oneof the leading farmers of the county, wellknownand esteemed, and most especially atthe capital of the State.,||OBEKT B. LIVESEY, a retired masonand plaster contractor of the city ofMadison, has been a resident of thiscity for forty-three years. His excellentwork is shown in most of the fine buildingsof this city, where for so long lie has had anhonorable l)usiness career.(Jur subject wasborn in Laucastershire, England, March 1,1827, a brother of the well-known contractorand builder, James Livesey of this city, also.He was not more than fourteen years of agewhen he first came to the United States andaftiM- living with the family, both in NewYork and later in Kentucky, he reached Madisonwhen about twenty-four years of age.He was at that time a practical workman,having learned his trade with Kimball &,Kingsley, of Rome. Oneida county, NewVork, remaining with them for a term ofthree years, and later remained one yearlonrrer with them.Our subject has built many of the finestbuildings in this beautiful city, among thembeing the Second Ward school house and the(lorn)itories of the State University. He wasthe superintendent of the building of the famousWalker castle of this city and of theold Courteney castle seven miles east of thecity. Ilis thorough work has been mucii noticedand has made him a most reliable manin his line. Among the old settlers he hasbeen held inthe highest esteem, as he has alwaysdone much for the development of Madison,being liberal with his means and alwaysadvocating all educational measures.Our subject was married in Utica, New

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 327York, to Miss Ann Wliomby, wlio was bomnear Manchester, England, and came to theUnited States when very young with herparents. They settled in Utica, where thefather, David Whoniby, was for years thesuperintendent of theChadwick Cotton Factory,remaining in charge there until hisdeath, when about forty-five years of age.His wife came with her daughter to Madison,where she died. Her maiden name had beenAnn Whomby. Both parents were membersof the Methodist Episcopal Ciiurch, and weremost excellent people, well i-emenil>ered yetfor their many kinrl deeds. Mrs. Liveseyhad one brother, Thomas, who was aprivatein the Twenty-third Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry,under Colonel Gutfy, and lost his lifeat the battle of Buzzard Bay, in Louisiana,when but twenty' years of age. His remainswere brought toMadison by Mr. Livesey forinterment. Mrs. Livesey was carefullyreared and became one of the bestand kindestof neighbors, and was most tenderlyloved by her family, but death called herfrom them, November 4, 1885, when fiftyfouryears of age. She had devoted her lifeto her children and was a firm believer in thefaith of the Methodist Episcopal Church.She had been the mother of ten children, asfollows: Cislj J., who died in infancy; Samuel,a successful brickmason located at Wonawoc,Wisconsin, for a time, but now is engagedin putting in the boiler foundationsfor Pierce & Co., of Chicago, Illinois; hemarried Miss Nora White; Leonard J., is aplasterer and lives in Madison, marryingMiss Carrie Clemens, whose father was amember of the Eighth Wisconsin VolunteerInfantry, and after serving four years died onhis way home;Robert Briggs, married, withwife and one child; Anna, married LeonardPashley, of Marshall Field & Co., where he isone of the foremen in the big Chicago tirm;Lizzie, is the wife of Frank Gleason and nowlives in Chicago, where he is the head engineerfor the Pinkerton block;Ida is the wifeof Earnest Schuloii', now train dispatcher ofthe Wisconsin Central railroad of the St.Paul line; John lives at home; Ilattie is athome and keeps house for her father, andPrentice is also at home. All of the childrenhave been educated inschools, and allcare of themselves.the excellent cityof them are capable of takingMr. Livesey is a prominet member of theI. O. (). F., having been a member foryeai-s,and is Past Grand and Past Patriarch of theEncampment, having been in all of the otEcesof the Supreme Lodge and Encampment.During the war he entered the army at firstas a mechanic, but later saw nine months ofactive service and assisted in driving (generalsHood, later Wheeler, and still later Forrest,back after their attempts to press North, andduring four months he was Captain of hiscompany, having built two six-gunbatteriesand having; ciuirge of §1,000,000 worth ofcommissary supplies and 100 railroad engines.He was made Captain of the company,which was sent out by Governor Johnson,of Tennessee.Mr. Livesey lives in peaceful comfort, aftera busy and useful life and enjoys the esteemof all the citizens of this city, to wiiomhis name is very familiar, being connectedwith 80 many of the pivmiinent buildings.J^UGENE EIGHMY, now living, retired°cBL ill a beautiful home in the city ofbpi Madison, is our subject. He was bornin Catskill, New York, in 1831, and came tothe township of Oakiield, in Genesee county,

3S8 BIOGRAPUIOAL HE VIEW OFwhen a mere child with his parents. liewas educated at Cary Seminary. In 1855 heemigrated to Dane county, Wisconsin. Heis the son of Jacob and Permelia (Dennis)Eichniv. His father was born in NewYorlv and by trade was a harnessmaker andsaddler, but when he located in Geneseecounty he engaged a part of his time in agriculture.He was an industrious and worthycitizen, a Whig in politics and a member ofthe Methodist Episcopal Church, and diedwhen some seventy years of age. He wasmarried in the eastern part of the EmpireState to Miss Permelia Dennis. She wasborn in New York of good parentage. Sliedied a few years before her husband. Shehad been a good and worthy woman, a memberof the Methodist Episcopal Ohurch, akind neighbor and friend.Our subject is the third in a family ofeight children, seven of whom are yet living;three are yet in Genesee county, NewYork, and four are living in Dane county,Wisconsin, and all are married and prosperous.Our subject became of age after comingto Wisconsin, but later returned to hisnative State to marry. Mr. Eigluny firstcame to the State of Wisconsin and locatedin Madison in 1855, but in the spring of1856 he removed to Macfarland, Dunntownship, where he engaged in the grainand lumber trade; he also improved largetracts of land near Macfarland. In 1872 hestarted a general merchandise store, carryincit on with success until 1890, when heretired from business and located in the cityof Madison. He still owns some valuableproperty in the town of Dunn and vicinityof Macfarland. He was a social businessman and has many friends there. In 1801and 1862 he was Treasurer of the town ofDunn, and has held other offices at varioustimes. F'or eight years was Postmaster ofMacfarland, resigning the position when hecame to Madison. Here he built a tine residenceon one of the best streets of the city,and is located at 241 Lang-don street, wherehe enjoys the comforts of modern life.Our subject married Miss Sarah M.Johnson, who was born and reared inBatavia, Genesee county. New York. Herparents were Stephen and Rebecca (Palmer)Johnson; her father was born in Connecticutand her mother in New York and died whenabout seventy years of age. They werehighly esteemed people and were known aspioneers of Genesee county. Mrs. Eighmywas one of a family of tliree sisters; waseducated at Cary Seminary, and is a lady ofintellect and fine education and culture.Two children have been born to our subjectand wife. One, Nellie May, died at theage of twenty-two years. She had beenthoroughly educated at Madison and was asweet and charming young lady, whose deathcaused a pall to fall on relatives and friends.The living daughter is Eugenia Belle, educatedin this city, a bright and accomplishedyoung lady.theMr. and Mrs. Eighmy are attendants ofPresbyterian Church.In politics our subject isone of the stanchRepublicans, who take an active interest inpublic affairs without desiring any officialrecognition. Such men make up the boneand sinew of the party. Our subject is yetin the prime of life, genial and pleasant.**-»i-•^S*^G. KROGH, a hardware merchant ofMount Iloreb, isa son of Casper Krogh,a native of Christiania, Norway. Thelatter was an expert mechanic, having been

DANE COUNTY, WISGON'iTN. ;«9engaged inintricate work from making a surgeon'sneedle to a sword. His skill inducedsome of his friends to assist him with sufKcientfunds to commence business for himselfand with their aid located in Drammen, cmployingsix workmen. His reputation soonbrought work long distances, and during fiveyears there he received several ditiicult butvaluable jobs from England. Wishing stillto better his condition, at tiie age of thirtyoneYears, in1843, he came by sailing vesselto America, spending thirteen weeks on thevoyage, and during that time they sufferedgreatly for the want of fresh water. He landedin New York. Having been well educatedin both German and English, he acted as interpreteron his way to Milwaukee. He remainedinthat city a short time, then workedat his trade in Waterford, Racine county,Wisconsin, five years, at which time he contractedthe ague. After his recovery Mr.Krogh bouglit the sawmill at Cloburn's Mills,JefEerson county, for which he went in delitabout $2,500. He conducted this mill successfullytwelve years, then erected a gristmilland purchased a farm of 200 acres.Heremained on that place until his death, whichoccurred in 1883.He was married in Norwayto Katrina Nelson, whose father came threeyears later toAmerica, where the latter afterwarddied. To this union was born elevenchildi'en, namely:Katrina Andrea, now Mrs.Anton Nelson, of Kimbrae, Nobles county,Minnesota; Barnard J., of (Jambridge, Wisconsin;Feterene, deceased in infancy; PeterG., our subject;Albert H., who died in Cambridge;Cornelius, of Hancock county, Iowa;Charlotte, of Blair, Nebraska; Carl ()., ofNewman's Grove, that State; Herman, deceasedin infancy; Caspara .T., of Minnesota;and Henrietta, now Mrs. Simon Christiansenof Bode, Humboldt county, Iowa.died in 1887.The motlierPeter G. Krogh, the subject of this sketcii,was born in Drammen, Norway, March 6,1843, and came to America witii his parentswhen eleven weeks old. During his early lifehe worked with his father and attended thecommon schools, supplemented by threeterms at the high school at Waterloo. Atthe age of twenty-one years he entered thearmy, joining Company II, Forty-secondWisconsin Volunteer Infantry, having beenthe third of his family to enlist. He wasfirst ordered to Indiana, tlien to Missouri,thence to Kentucky, engaged principally inguard duty. He took part in various guerrillawarfare, i)ut participated in no notedbattles, and during the lattersuffered greatly from sickness.part of the warAfter returninghome Mr. Krogh opened a plow shop atKroghville, which place was named in honorof his father, and continued that business successfullyfor sixteen years. In that year hecame to Mount Horeb and engaged in thehardware business, and also seiwed as Postmasteruntil Cleveland's administration. In1889 he was unanimously elected as Chairmanof the Board of Supervisors of the townshipof Blue Mounds, was re-elected in ISOt), andthe following year refused to Ije a candidatefor the office on account of not wishing toneglect his business. Socially he is a memberof the G. A. li., and for tlie past fiveyears has served asDi.xonPost.Post Commander of Rev.Mr. Krogh was married in the WesternChurch, at Koshkonong, Wisconsin, in 1871,to Christine Anderson, a native of PleasantSpring township, Dane county. Her father,a native of Sweden, is now deceased, and themother, a native of Norway, resides on theold homestead in Pleasant Spring township.

330 BlUUUAl'JllUAL HE VIEW OFOnr subject and wife liave one child, ClarenceAlfred, aged seventeen years, who is nowattending school at Black Earth. Mr. Kroghisa pleasant gentleman, and a respected citizen.fULIUS JOHNSON, proprietorof a meatmarket in Stougliton, Dane connty, wasborn in Crogry, Norway, December 2,1S40, a son of John anil Ellen Johnson, nativesalso of that country. In 1844 the parentscame to America, locating in Albion,Dane connty, Wisconsin, where the fatherpurchased a farm of sixty acres from the Governtnent,paying $1.25 per acre. They werethe parents of six children, our subject beingthe third child, and four are now livinif.son, J.OneB. Johnson, was born in Dane county,Wisconsin, where he still resides. The fatherdied in 1847, and the mother in 1887.Julius Johnson, the subject of this sketch,received only a limited education, and wasengaged at farm work until twenty-eightyears of age. He then engaged in buyingstock, in which he lost all he had, and also§500 more. At the age of thirty years heopened a meat market in this city, in companywith a Mr. Emmerson, but since 1872lie has conducted the business alone. Withthe exception of one year, Mr. Johnson luiscontinued this business for twenty years. In181)1 he began buying live-stock and tobacco,liavins bought several thousand dollars worthof the latter article, of which he is now tendinga small field.Politically lie atiiliates withthe Republican party, and has served as Aldermanand Constable of Stoughton.Mr. Johnson was married in December,1868, to Sophia Anderson, who was born inNorway, December 30, 1850, a daughter ofAndrew Anderson, a farmer by occupation.Both he and his wife are now deceased.Mr.and Mrs. Johnson have had si.x children, viz.:Luvina and Alvina, twins, the former twentythreej'ears of age, and the latter deceased atthe age of ten months; Lettie, twenty-oneyears old;Julius Harrison, four.1*^ILLIAM A.Willis, seventeen; Ellen, live; and^CLELAND, the subject•\/\T\ "f tl'is brief notice, is the son ofi"~„^ William Cleland, who was the sixthchild of his parents, and was born in Scotland,December 30, 1805. In April, 1843,he left his native home. He had received ajrood education there, but decided that inAmerica there was more chance for advancement;hence he set sail,and after a voyage oftwenty-one days he reached this country.He bought eighty acres of land in Rock county,Wisconsin.a shanty njion it,This was all wild, but he builtand began its improvement.Here he remained for four years, making improvements,breaking the land andbuilding.In 1847 he moved to the town of York, andthat spring he bought a Government claimof 120 acres, twelve of which were broken,and there was a log cabin upon the place,which had a sod roof, built by the squatter.Into this shelter the father of our subjectmoved, and lived there for a number of years,and then built another log house, or blockhouse, which stillstands.This land is located upon section 'J, Yorktownship.After twelve years of residence inthe block house, Mr. Cleland built thehousenow occupied by his son. The marriage ofWilliam Cleland took place in Scotland in1842 to Miss Barbara Cochran, wlu) was anative of Scotland, and seven cliildn'ii havebeen added to the family: Barbara F., de-

DANK VOUNTY, WISCONSIN. 331ceased; John C, a resident of Fremont, Nebraska;Mary, deceased; Janet C, at lionie;William A.; James, deceased; and Francis,deceased. The mother died May 27, 1883,but the father is still spared and lives withhis son, William A.William A. was the tifth child, and wasborn on the farm June 7,1851, and receivedhis education in the common schools, wherehe passed his time to good advantage, andhas always remained with his father. Thelatter owns the farm of 280 acres, well improved,and William manages it with greatsuccess. At present he is Chairman of theBoard of Supervisors, has been a member ofthis board for many years, and isnow servinga second term. Politically, he is a Republican,although the town is Democratic. JohnC. is in the stock business in Nebraska, andis secretary of the Hoard of Trade there.Onr subject married Miss Fanny Cleveland,whose people were from Ohio. l]eisayoung man of promise. He has added to hisfarm a herd of Hereford cattle, and has somefine specimens of the breed. The place isamong the most attractive in the neighborliood,having a park in front of the house,with a diveririntr circle full of beautiful-^ttetrees.^^|RS. LYDIA L. EOYCE, widow ofllfy/mMorgan L. lioyce, was burn in Liv-^^^' ingston county. New York,a daughterofJohn C and Louisa (Latnotit) Wilkins,the former a native ofPennsylvania, and thelatter of Schoharie county. New York. In1850 the parents came from Livingstoncounty, New York, to Wisconsin. Mrs.i^oyce was then a young lady of si.xteenyears. With their four daughters they settledon forty acres of land, one mile west ofDane station. Five years later they soldtheir littlecalled 100-Mile Grove,home, and came to what was thenwhere they purchasedforty acres; afterward lived with their sonin-lawnear by: ami next moved to Lodi,where they are still living, the fatlier agedeighty-two years, and the mother, seventy-twoyears. They reared the following children:Mrs. Boyce, subject of this sketch ; Gertrude,wife of Daniel McDonald, a retiredfarmer of Arlington townsliip; Cacendi'a,wife of Henry Bissell, of Morrisonville,Wisconsin; and Augusta, wife ol' DanielStanley, of Lodi.Mrs.Lydia Boyce received a common districtschool education. She was marriedto Morgan Boyce, in her nineteenth year. liewas the aext youngest of twelveor thirteenchildren, a son of Aliram Boyce, and abrother of Asa A. Boyce. (A sketch of thelatter will be found in this work.) Mr.Boyce was a faithful servant of his township,having served as Justice of tiie Pe; ice manyyears, both before and after his nuirriaoe,and was a Democrat in his political views.His death occui-red January 7, ISSl, at theage of tifty-seven years. Our subject hasresided on her farm of 280 acres since hermarriage, but she lately disposed of a partof this tract, now owning only about 170acres. She has a fine orchard of apple andcherry trees, tiie most of which were plantedby her husband. At his death she was leftwitii two sons and one daughter: Arthur W.,born in November, 1802; Frank M., bornin 1868, attended the Business College inIndiana, and is nciw residing in the South,where he enjoys better health;and Mary L.,a young lady of thirteen years, who is attenilingschool, and also pursuing the studyof music. Arthur has remained on thehome farm, of whicli he now owns a part.

332 BIOORAPHJCAL REVIEW OFHe was married in January, 1890, to RosePatton, who was born in Columbia county,Wisconsin, a daughter of John and Juliette(Converse) Patton, the former a native ofScotland, and the latter of Wisconsin. Mr.and Mrs. Arthur Boyce have one littledaughter, a year old, and the only grandchildofour subject.(HPJSTIAN R. STEIN, a leading Germancitizen of Madison, has been a residentof the city since 1854. He wasborn in the province of Baden, Germany, March8, 1829, and reared in the practical Germanway. When nineteen years of age he setsail for the United States from Havre deGrace, on the sailing vessel, St. Dennis, arrivingin New York city after a voyage ofthirty-two days.After spending some timein Rochester, New York, he came on to Milwaukee.In 1852 he started out all alonefor California, going via the Nicaraguaroute, landing in San Francisco, from wherehe proceeded to Ilangtown; thence back toSacramento again, and finally to Weaverville.Trinity county, where he engaged inmining on East AVeaver creek, being verysuccesssful, having the best mine on theentire creek. After about eighteen months,with his belts welltilled with glittering dust,he set his face toward home, but when hereached San Francisco he was attacked byhighwaymen who were leading him to a supposedhotel. Taking in the surroundings hesaw that he was being led into a trap, somade good use of a pair of strong arms,knocked down several of his assailants, madehis way into the street, where he was surroundedagain. lie had [)art of his moneyin a belt around his body, which they did notdiscover, and only five dollars in his pocketbook,and agreed to let them have that if theylet him go, which they did. He made hisway back to New York, thence to Milwaukee,reaching there in the fall of |1853. The followingspring he came to Madison.Mr. Stein is the first and only one of hisfamily to come to America, his emigrationbeing caused by the revolution of 1848, inwhich he was a volunteer.His father, GodfriedStein, was a well-to-dobaker, who diedin his native land, at about the age of threescore and ten. His wife, Conigund (Weis)Stein, died about ten years before her husband,aged sixty years. They were bothmembers of the Catholic Church. Onebrother of our subject, Conrad, is yet livingin Germany, being the successor to his father'sbusiness. Another l)rother, Valentine, diedabout two years ago. He was a prominentlawyer in his native town. Four sisters,Teckla, Theresa, (ilara and Barbara, are allmarried arid have families in (iermany. SinceMr. Stein came to this country he has madefive trips back to his native land to visit hisold home.After coming to Aladison in the spring of1854, Mr. Stein l)e

UANE OOITNTT, WTSCONSTN. 33!the large8t trades in the city. In adilitionthey have a yard in Paoli, Wisconsin. Duringhis residence here Mr. Stein has, heenone of the live, energetic Germans of thecity, and a leader of the people of hisnationality in the place. He takes an activeinterest in local matters that have for theirobject the betterment of the community.Heis also the proprietor of a large elevator manufactorylocated at Milwaukee, under thenianagetnent of his son-in-law, P. H. Brodesser,known as the Brodesser ManufacturingCompany. Thisestablishment employs fromfifty to sixty men all tiie time. When oursubject came to Madison he had lost nearlyeverything, and is now one of her wealthiestcitizens.Mr. Stein has served one term as Aidermanin the (-ommon Council of the city; isa memljer of the Madison Business Club,the Freemasons and Knights ofPythias, andorganized the order of Druids in Madison,known as Madison Grove, No. 4, in 1857;he was also a member of the old tire company,when hand engines were used.Our subject was married in Milwaukee,about 1853, to Miss Frankie Baumann, whowas born, reared and educated in Baden,Germany, coming to the United States in1853. She died at her home in Madison,in 1889, November 24, aged fifty-eight.During her lifetime she proved herself a truewoman in every sense of the word. XheCatholic Church had in her a faithful member.To the several children liorn to herhusband and herself she has proved herselfa kind and indulgent mother. Their nameswere as follows: Teckla, widow of Fritz Renter,who died eleven years ago in this city,successful business man; Iledwig, wifeof A.H. Kayserof the C. li. Stein Company, in thewholesale lumber business, and secretary of23the Madison Lumber Company ;liertlia, wifeof William Weiskopf of the C. U. SteinLumber C'ompany, in the retail lumber trade:Ottilia, wifeof P. IL Brodesser, manager andsecretai-y of the Brodesser ManufacturingCompany; Ida, wife of Emil Meyer, awholesale liquor dealei- on East Chicagoavenue, Chicago, Illinois. Mr. Stein enjoysthe respect and esteem of all who know him,and his family of daughters are a credit tohim.tAFAYETTE STOWE, one of the earlysettlers and most successful farmers ofDane county, was born in Chazy, Cliurton county. New York, April 24, 1824.Hisfather, Stephen Stowe, was born at PointRush, New York, and liisfather, cfi-aiidfatherof subject, Abijah Stowe, was a farmer byoccupation, who removed from New York toOhio and spent his last years in that State.The father of our subject was reared to agriculturallife and remained a resident of Clintoncounty, until 1850, when he came to Wisconsinand bought a farm in Windsor, Danecounty, where he remained a number ofyears, and theri removed to Sun Prairie, andlived retired until his death. The maidennan;e of his wife was Annie DeLong, whowas born inClinton county, New York, andher father, Francis DeLong, was formerly aresident of North Carolina, born of Frenchparents or ancestry. He was a farmer andspent his last years in New York. Themaiden name of his wife, grandmother ofsubject, was Polly Doody, who was, as far asknown, a native of New York, where shespent her entii-e life. The mother of oursubject died on the home farm in Windsor.As the parents of our subject wei'e in limitedcircumstances he was obliged to com-

334 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFiiiem-e life for liiinself very early, beginninj;when fourteen or fifteen years of age to workout by tlie (biy or niontli. At that time theiron mines of the country were worked verylittle, although labor was very cheap, men'swages ranging from forty to fifty cents perday. EncrJand supplied the country withnearly all its iron and that commodity wasvery expensive. Mr. Stowe relates that theirons for a wagon cost §(35 and this state ofthings existed under free trade.Mr. Stowe continued working by the dayand month in Xew York, until 1847, whenhe concluded to emigrate westward, as it wasvery difficult to become rich on the meagerwajres he was receiving. His first emigrationwas to Ohio, going via the St. Lawrenceriver, Lake Ontario, Welland canal and lakeErie to Cleveland. lie found employmenton a farm near that city and remained inthat vicinity until 1850, wlien he came toWisconsin, via lake Erie to Detroit, thencevia rail to Buffalo, on the lake, via Chicagoto Milwaukee. He there loaded his goodson a wagon and drove to Dane county, arrivingDecember 14, 1850. After he hadbeen here about two weeks he bought a tractof land in the town of Bristol, at §2.50 anacre. The improvements on this place consistedof a small frame house, without lathor plaster, an

DANK COUNTY, ]yiSGONSlN. 335teacher being Mary Stibson. He remainedwith his parents until twenty-six years ofage, and then bought his fatlier's farm of130 acres on section 15, to which, in 1891,he added eighty acres more. He has madeall the improvements on his place, and nowraises large crops of tobacco and live-stock.Mr. Teisberg was engaged in the wagonbusiness in Iowa and northern Minnesotaabout four years, m company with GunderEdwards. He is a Prohibitionist in hispolitical views; has served as Supervisor ofPleasant Springs township six terms, asTownship Treasurer two terms, and also asDistrict Clerk and Treasurer. He has servedas Church Warden of the Lutheran Churchabout seventeen years.Mr. Teisberg was married January 1,18()8, to Anna S. Scolen, a native of PleasantSprings township, Dane county, Wisconsin,and a sister of Jerome Scolen. To thisunion has been born seven children, viz.:Carl ().,died at the age of six months; AnnieLouisa, Julia Severena, Caroline, a graduateof the Stoughton Academy; Samuel Henry,and Ella Maria.-^^^i^^-i^t^jUSSELL A. SHELDON.—The life ofM^ a farmer is an independent one. Thathe can exist without the aid of outsidehelp was demonstrated thousands of times bytile hardy pioneers who lived year in andyear out upon the produce of their own land,and it is certainly true in this day that theagriculturist gives more to mankind thanreceives. Wei-e it not for our farmers thegreat land of ]ilenty would be turned into ahowling wilderness in a very short time.good specimen of this class of men is thegentleman whose name heads this sketch.heAMr. Sheldon was born in Pittstield, Otsegocounty. New York, March 20, 1822. Hisgreat-i^randfather was a native of England,who, with two brothers, William and John,came to the new woidd in early colonialtimes and settled on Rhode Island. The greatgrandfatherot our subject was Isaac Sheldon,and his son Isaac was the grandfather of Mr.Sheldon of this notice. The grandfather wasa native of Rhode Island, but removed fromthat State to New York, settling inSaratogacounty. After some time spent there he removedfrom Saratoga to Otsego county andfinally settled in Sherburne, Chenango county.New York, where he finally died. The fatherof our subject, Gardner Sheldon, wasborn in Rhode Island, but removed from thatState to New York when eighteen years ofage. After his marriage he settled in Pittsfield,Otsego county, where he remained until1833, then removed to the town of Perry,Wyoming county, purchased land and engagedin the improvement of the same formany years. At the time of his death hewas living retired in the town of Bethany,Genesee county. The maiden name of themother of our subject was Nancy Gorum.born in Ballston Springs, New York, daughterof George and Sarah (White) (_Toruni.The latter died at her daughter's home inMiddlebury, Wyoming county. New York,in 1885, at the age of eighty-five years.Our subject was eleven years of age whenhis parents removed to the western part ofthe State of New York antl he went to livewith his nncle, Augustus Sheldon, inOtsegocounty. He made the best of the oppnrtunitiesoffered him to attend school, in themeantime assisting on the farm, remainingwith his uncle until he was sixteen years ofage. At that time he went to Oneida county,^vhere he found employment on a farm at

: Sheldon;836 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFfSll.oO a iiioiitli. In 1840 he joined his parentsin Wyoming county, making the tripby the niostconvenient and expeditions route,taking the stage to Madison, New York,wliere he boarded a canal-boat torRociiester,thence by stage to Moscow, and from tiiereon foot to Ferry. It was his intention togo farther west, but he remained there forsome time, working by the month, until1846, and on shares until 1851, when, havino-obtained sufKcient money he came toWisconsin, via the railroadto Biiifalo, thencebv lake to Detroit, where he again tookthe railroad to New Buffalo, from whichpoint he sailed on the lake to Milwaukee.He intended to walk from Afilwaukee toMadison, but found that his health wouldnot permit of the exertion, therefore startedby railroad to Waukesha, then the westerntern)inu8. He then went by team to Summitand started to walk from that point,butsoon overtook a team and secured a ride toWatertown, from which place he walked toMilford, and from there secured a ride viaCottage Grove to Madison. Here he joinedhis brother, Daniel G. Here his aunt tookcare of him and his health rapidly improved.So much better did he become that he wasable to look around for land on which to commencefarming for himself. Very soon liepurchased eighty acres of land on section 32,paying $6.50 per acre. There was a loghouse on the land and forty acres were fenced.A little of the laud was broken. After aboutthree weeks he returned to New York, butin the fall of the same year returned withhis wife and moved into the log house, begiimingat once his career as anindependentfanner. In time he purchased eighty acresadjoining his first ])urchase and soon built aframe house and a granary, living on thisproperty until 1885, wlicn he sold it andpurchased his present home of five acres.Onthis little farm he has a good set of buildings,pleasantly located, about two and one-halfmiles from the State House.At La Grange, New York, in 1846, hemarried Mary A. Doane, l)orn in Washingtoncounty, New York, November 18, 1824.Her father, Hiram Doane, was born in thesame State, and his father, John Doane, was,as far as known, a native of the same Statealso. He spent his last years in Washingtoncounty. He married a lady of Scotchbirth. The father of Mrs. Sheldon learnedthe trade of tanner and shoemaker. In 1836he removed to Livingston county, where helived two years before he removed to LaGrange, Wyoming county.There he establisheda tannery and shoe shop, continuingthe business there until his death. Themaiden name of the mother of the wife ofour subject was Melinda Dyer, born in Shaftsbury,Vermont, daughter of Benjamin andMary (Clark) Dyer. She died in La Grange,New York. Mr. and Mrs. Sheldon have hadfive children: Edward E., Stuart D., CharlesF., Walter W. and Hattie B. Edward marriedClara Bell and live.sin Baltimore, Maryland;Stuart married Mattie Eley and livesin La Crosse, and has one child, Minnie E.Charles F. married Mary Richardson andlives in Texas, having three children: Roy,Jessie and Maude; Walter married AliceP'iddler and lives in I'araboo, Wisconsin,having one child, Edna M. Mr. and ilrs.are members of the Bajitist Church,in which they are very prominent. In politicslie is a stanch Republican, upholdingparty principles upon any and all occasions.^>i:i>^ii^r^

DANE COUNTY, WLSCONtilN. ;j:;7IBENEZER JACKSON. The Jacksonfamily were among the early settlersin the American colonies, cominghither in 1700, two brothers of the namestarting from Irelaml. It is not known inthe family annals where they landed, but itiscertain that one was employed on the Providenceplantation, and it is supposed that hewas employed by the ship's company towork to pay the passaore of himself andbrother from the old country to America.They separated and one was never heardfrom. The other was the father of MichaelJackson and became the progenitor of theJackson family in this country.Michael Jackson was born March 28, 1735,gnd married, June 4, 1755, Susannah Wilcox,who was born April 15, 1732. They residedat Pownal, Bennington county, Vermont,and Michael Jacksonserved as an Orderlyunder General Lyman at Fort Ticonderogain 1756. After the close of the warhe retained his orderly book, and subsequentlyused it for a family record book. lie hadthe following children : Lyman, Esther, Jesse,Abigail, Ebenezer, Kesiah and Mindwell.Of these, Lyman was born February 29, 175ti,and married, January 3, 1782, Deidama Dunham,who was born P^ebruary 25, 1765, andthe following children were born of this marriage:Kosana, Jesse Dunham, Ebenezer(our subject), Michael, Lyman, John J., Obadiah,Abner, David B., Royal G., Norman L,,Susannah S. and Lucy D. Nearly all of thechildren were born at Pownal, but in 1801or '02 the family removed to Oooperstown,New York. Of the above family we are inthis biograpliy concerned with the thirdchild, Ebenezer.Our subject was bornJune 15, 1786, andJanuary 22, 1808, he married Betsey Pringle,who was liorn in Riclifield, Otsego county.New York, January 26, 1788. They reareda family of seven children:Lucy N., CynthiaD., John Lyman, Charles Pringle, SophiaJane, Kathleen and Julius D. Ebenezerdied August 7, 1857, at the age of seventyoneyears, and his wife May 13, 1842, agedfifty -four.Edson B. Jackson, whose sketch is givenelsewhere, is a grandson of Ebenezer Jackson,of the above memoir.|m|DOLPIl BIRRENKOTT. a prominent|W| farmer of Dane county, Wisconsin, was'^^' born in this county, June 7, 1855, ason of Michael and Clara (Kalshauer) Birrenkott,natives of Kerpen, Prussia. The fatherwas born September 7, 1830, a son of Adolphand Maroraret Birrenkott, also natives of thatcountry. They came to Amei-ica about 1852.Michael, the father of our subject, came tothis country with his parents^ and lie and hisfather first bought 120 acres of land in Danecounty and erected a log house, 14x18 feet,later erected an addition, and remainedthere until the father's death. Mr. Birrenkottwas a Democrat in his political views,served as Assessor and Supervisor of histownship several years, and religiously wasa meml)er of the Catholic (Church. Themother of our subject was born July 13, 1830,a daughter of John and Theressa Kalshauer,CIwho came to this country about the sametime as the Birrenkott family, and located inthe same locality. Mr. Birrenkott died inthis county January 12, 1874, and his wifeFebruary 26, 1884.Adolph, one of eleven children, eight nowliving, remained at home with his motherafter his father's death until his marriage.He then settled on the old homestead in Dane

338 BIOORAPHWAL REVIEW OFcounty, later bought out the seven heirs, andnow owns 346 acres of tine land, all of whichis under a good state of cultivation. Mr.Birrenkott was married November 24, 1885,to Miss Anna Conrad, who was born in Lancastercounty, Pennsylvania, March 21, 1866,a daughter of John J. and Kate (Kherhenvoeder)Conrad, natives of Germany. Theycame to America in 1851, settling in Lancastercounty, Pennsylvania, but in 1868 purchasedeighty acres in this township. Themother died April 25, 1885, and the fatherstill resides in his uld home in Mount Joy,Pennsylvania.Mr. and Mrs. IJirrenkott havethree children: Margaret K., born May 1,1887; John M., May 21, 1888; and MariaK., February 6, 1892. Our subject servedas Supervisor of the Township Board twoyears, and is Cliainnan at the present time,1892; was a member of the School Boardmany years. Religiously, both he and hiswife are members of the Catholic Church.fOHNL. BECK. Our subject is one ofthe leading merchants of the city ofMadison, being a member of the tirm ofKrehl & Beck, hardware dealers and tinworkers and jobbers. The firm is located atNos. 121 and 123 East Washington avenue,the business having been established in January,1891, and although still in its infancy theenterprise has proven very successful. Mr.Beck was born in Wurtemburg, Germany,April 22, 1829, son of John and Felicias(Kreld) Beck, natives of Germany, of goodold stock. The parents lived and died intheir native city of Wurtemburg, the fatherdying at the age of tifty-nine, the mother atthe age of seventy-three years. They weregood, hardworking people all their lives, andearnest members of the German LutheranChurch. The father held a position all hislife under Government, and was a faithfulofficial. There were five daughters and oneson, our subject, in the family born to theseparents.Our subject grew to manhood inhis nativeland, receiving his education in the goodschools of Wurtenberg, and learning the tradeof a baker, which he followed until 1854,when, March 1, he took passage on a sailerfrom Antwerp, landing in Xew York cityafter a voyage of eight weeks, lie camethence to Chicago, where he was married toMiss Mary Rauscher, a native of Germany,having been born in Wurtenberg, and cameto America on the same vessel as Mr. Beck.In September of the same year Mr. Beck andhis young bride came to Madison, where Mr.Beck obtained a position ina hardware store.So faithful was he in the discharge of hisduties that he was retained by the firm for aa period of thirty-six years, when he wentinto business for himself with his presentpartner, ills handsome residence is situatedat No. 421 West Main street. He and hiswife are leading members of the GermanLutheran Church, as are all their children.Mr. Beck is an independent Democrat in politicsand takes an active interest in local affairs.Mr. and Mrs. Beck are the parents ofeleven children, nine of whom are daughters,three of whom are deceased, namely:HenryLouis and Alvina. Those living are: Mary,wife of Rev. F.Prey, a Lutheran minister, ofWarner, South, Dakota; Eliza, wife of JolinH uegel, a shoe merchant of Madison ; Louisa,wife of Julias Pfister, now living inMadison;Sophia, widow of Young Lawrence, who wasan engineer on Chicago & Western railroad,now resides with her father; Fredericka, wifeof Dr. William Mueller, a physician of Mad-

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 339ison; Emma A. find Anna, at home, liothphotographic artists; and (Jlara, at home, amusic teacher. All the children are accomplishedyouncr ladies and a j^reat credit totheirparents.ITIARLES RICHARD VAN IllSE,-jt- Rh. D., Professor of Geology at theUniversity of Wisconsin, non-residentProfessor of Pre-Cambrian Geolojjjy at theUniversity of Chicago, and Geologist incharge of the LakeSuperior Division of theUnited States Geological Survey, was bornin Fulton township. Rock county, Wisconsin,May 29, 1857.His parents are William Henry and MaryGoodrich Van Hise, the former born andreared near Trenton, New Jersey, and thelatter near Bangor, Maine. They were marriedin Rock county, Wisconsin. They hada family of seven children, four daughtersand three sons.Mr. Van Hise was a farmerin early life, Init later became a merchant.He and his wife are now residents ofGeorgia.The subject of our sketch spent the firsteight years of his life-on the farm. Whenhe was eight years old the family moved toEast Milton. He attended school at the latterplace two years, at Milton Junction threeyears, and at Evansvillespent three years inthe high school and one year in the EvansvilleSeminary, preparing himself forcoUege.He entered the University of Wisconsin inthe fallof 1874, and graduated in the metallurgicalengineering course in 1879. In themeantime he had remained out of collegeone year to engage in teaching.From the University of Wisconsin he receivedthe follo\^ing degrees: B. Met. E.in 1879; B. S. in 1880; M. S. in 1882 andPh. D. in 1892. He was an instructor inthe University of Wisconsin from 1879 to1883; Assistant Professor of Metallurgy,ibid., 1883-1886; Professor of Metallurgy,ibid., 188G-1888; Professor of Mineralogyand Petrography, ibid., 1888-1890; Professorof Archtean and Applied Geology,ibid., 1890-1892. He was an Assistant,Wisconsin Geological Survey, 1881-1882;Assistant U. S. Geologist, Lake SuperiorDivision U. S. Geological Survey, 1883-1888.He has been Chief of Lake Superior DivisionU. S. Geological Survey since 1888; Professorof Geology, University of Wisconsin,since 1892; and N on- Resident Professor ofPre-Cambrian Geology, University of Chi-"cago, since 1892.He is a Fellow of the American Associationfor the Advancement of Science, and ofthe Geological Society of America; a memberof the Philosophical Society of Washington,District of Columbia, and of theNational Geogra]Jiic Society. He has frequentlyread papers before these societies.His chief work has beenan investigation ofthe Pre-Cainl)rian rocks of America, andparticularly the iron-bearing series of theLake Superior region. The laws of occurrenceof the iron ores have been somewhatfully elucidated. His researches have resultedin the publication of tiie followingarticles:Crystalline Rocks of the Wisconsin Valley(with R. D. Irving): Geology of Wisconsin,vol. iv., 1882, pp. 623-71-4.On Secondary Enlargements of FeldsparFragments in certain Keweenawan Sandstones:American Journal of Science (8),vol. xxvii., 1884, pp. 399-403.On Secondary Enlargement of MineralFragments in Certain Rocks (with R. D.

340 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OPIrving): Bnlletiti United States GeologicalSurvey No. 8, 1884, p. 56.Enlargements ofHornblende Fragments:American Journal of Science (3), vol. xxx.,1885, pp. 231-235.Upon the Origin of the Mica-schists andBlack Mica-slates of the Penokee-GogebicIron-Bearing Series: Ibid., vol. xxxi.,1886, pp. 453-460.Note on tiie Enlargement of Hornblendesand Augites in Fragmental and EruptiveRocks: ibid., vol. xxxiii., 1887, pp. 385-388.The Crystalline Schists of the Lake SuperiorDistrict (with U. D. Irving and T. C.Chamberlain): Etudes sur les Schistes106.The Iron Ores of the Penokee-GogebicSeries of Michigan and Wisconsin:Crystalline, International Geological Congress,fourth session, London, 1888, pp. 92-AmericanJournal of Science (3), vol. xxxvii.,1889, pp. 32-48.The Pre-Cambrian Rocks of the BlackIlills: Bulletin of the Geological Societyof America, vol. i., 1890, pp. 203-244.The Penokee Iron-bearing Series of Michiganand Wisconsin (with R. D. Irving):Abstract of Monograph xix.; Tenth AnnualReport of the Director of the United StatesGeological Survey, 1888-1889, pp. 341-508(1890).An Attempt to Harmonize Some ApparentlyConflicting Views of Lake SuperiorStratigraphy:American Journal of Science(3), vol. xli., 1891, pp. 117-137.The Iron Ores of the Marquette Districtof Michigan:American Journal of Science,third series, vol. xliii., 1892, pj). 116-132.Observations upon the Structural Relationsof the Upper Hnronian,Lower Uuronianand Basement Complex on the JNorthShore of Lake Huron (with Raphael Pumpeliy):American Journal of Science, thirdseries, vol. xliii., 1892, pp. 224-232.Iron Ores of the Lake Superior Region;Trans. Wisconsin Academy of Science, Artsand Letters, vol. viii., 1892, pp. 219-227.Correlation Papers, Archaean and Algonkian:Bulletin 86, United States GeologicalSurvey. Twelve plates. 550 p.The Penokee Iron Bearing Series of Michiganand Wisconsin (with R. D. Irving):Monograph xix.. United States GeologicalSurvey; quarto, 37 plates, 13 Figs. (Inpress).Professor Van Ilisewas married atEvansville,Wisconsin, December 22, 1881, toAlice Ring, a native of Wisconsin and adaughter of John and Janet (Bushnell) Ring.Mrs. Van Ilise com])leted her education atOberlin College, Ohio, and is a lady of muchculture and refinement. They have two children:Mary Janet, born July 26, 1887; andHilda Alice, born June 8, 1891.— -"g '^ '^SRICK E.LADTi, County Treasurer ofDane county, was born in Sogn Bergenstift,Norway, September 30, 1832,a son of Erick J. and Carry (Ludwig) Ladd,natives also of that counti-y. The family arenoted for their longevity, the maternal grandmotherof our subject having lived to the ageof ninety-nine years. The mother died atStoughton in 1887, aged ninety-four years.The father, a farmer by occupation, came tothe United States in 1852.Erick E. Ladd, the fifth of eleven children,seven sons and four daughters, was educatedin the common schools of his native State,and came to America at the age of twentyyear.-^. In 1852 he went to Janesville, wherehe was employed in hauling wood, receiving

DANE COONTT, WISCONSIN. 34125 cents per cord, ami furnished his ownoxen;then worked in Caledonia, Wisconsin,twenty-two months; and next was successfullyengaged in lumbering. In 1S56 Mr.Ladd bought bis farm of 140 acres, where hehas made many improvements, and he nowmakes a specialty of the raising of tobaccoand live-stock. While living on his farmhe was severely injui'ed by a runaway team,from which he was disabled eight weeks.Politically, our subject affiliates with theDemocratic party, and in 1890 was electedCounty Ti-easurer of Dane county by a majorityof 1,100 votes. He was re-elected in1802, with 706 majority, the largest in thecounty. Religiously, he is a member of theLutheran Church ofStoughton.JMr. Ladd was united in mari-iage, February2, 1S56, with Bertie Nelson, a native ofBergen, Norway, who came to America atthe age of tweuty-tive years.They have hadsiA children, namely: Bertha Maria, wifeof Hans Iverson; Carrie, now Mrs. B. K.Fortan;Susan, wife of A. J. Lillisand; Julia,wife of Andrew Thompson; E. N., of St.Paul, Minnesota; and Nelson A., DeputyCounty Treasurer. They also lost one child ininfancy. Mr. Ladd has served as a jndge oftobacco in Stoughton and Edgerton, ownstwo good i-esidences in the foruier place, andis one of the county's reliable citizens.jLBERT M. PARTRIDGE, a successful^^.rraer of Dane county, was born inIISa%s^ Nova Scotia, April 22, 1841, a son ofJoseph A. and Ruth Ann (Scott) Partridge.The father was born in Connecticut, wasreared to farm life, and at the age of fouryears was bereft of his father.After reachinga suitable age he went to Nova Scotia asa peddler, also conducted a store there, butafterward lost the property he had made,through a partner. In 1845 he removed toBostiin, and in the fall of 1840 came to Wisconsin,where he taught school nearMineralPoint; next moved to Sauk City, then toDover, where he farmed on rented land fiveyears, and then purchased 138 acres of laudnear Black Eai'th, Dane county. He erecteda log house, 14 \ 16 feet, where the parents,ten children and eight boarders resided.Thefather died in 1863, at tlie age of fifty, twoyears, leaving seven small children, and thefarm heavily mortgaged.ten years.Here they remainedAfter selling the farm, the motherresided in Madison until 1883, when shevisited her children and relatives in Nebraskaand California; from there she wentto Montana to visit her sons, where she wastaken sick in the spring of 188(). She thencame to Minnesota, to her daughter, SarahLennon, where she died, September 4, 1886,at the age of sixty- four years and ninemonths. She was born, reared and marriedin Nova Scotia.Albert M. Partridge, our subject, wasreared on a farm, and, likethose days, receivedmost farm boys ofbut a limited education.At nineteen years of age his father gave himhis time, and he then workedout during thesummer, giving his wages to his father, anddoing chores for his board in the village ofMazo Manie, Wisconsin, and attending schoolin the winter. In the latter part of February,1862, an old lady passed through thevillage with a pair of horses and sleigh, onher way to the West. She employed oursubject to drive the team, giving him hisboard, and his wealth then consisted of $2 ofold Wisconsin money, a quilt and one extrashirt. At Dubuque, Iowa, he sold iiis moneyfor $1 of good money, which he invested in

343 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFthread, needles, etc.Mr. I'artridge remainedwith tiie old lady until Omaha was reachedwhen leariiintj that Colorado, hi.H objectivepoint, was not as good as he expected, hemade different arrangements. H earing ofthe gold excitement in Washington Territoryhe determined to go there. A man at Omahagoing there told him if he would get $5 tobuy provisions with, he would haul them for$50, to be paid after they got through and assoon as earned. It looked like but little tobuy provisions to go upon a trip of thatkind. At that time bacon could be boughtin Omaha tor 3 cents per pound, and flour at§1 per 100 pounds; these with a little driedfruit and beans constituted their fare. Hethen had not a dollar, but met two oldneighbors from his Wisconsin home, andthey each loaned him $2.50. He immediatelypurchased his provisions, and soonafter the party started for their new home inthe far-off Washington Territory. After aperilous and tiresome journey of four mouthsthe party landed in Auburn mining camp,near the Powder river valley, in the easternpart of Oregon, nearly starved, Mr. Partridge'sweight having been reduced fiftypounds. He then worked at anything hecould find to do until February 1, 1863,when with a companion he packed two poniesand a cow, and started on a journey of over200 miles on foot, across valleys and overmountains, to Idaho City, Idaho. Whilethere lie followed teaming, minir.g, etc., inwhich he was fairly successful. Hearing ofhis father's death, he immediately commencedsending money home to pay off the mortgageand for the support of the family. In thesummer of 1S64 Mr. I'artridge returned tohis old home in Wisconsin. After remainingone year and a half at home, he againwent West, working in Montana until thespring of 18(57, when he went to Leesburg,Idaho Territory, and engaged in miiung,where he lost all that he had. He againwent to work for wages, and on the Ist ofNovember, the same year, in company withtwo other men, started for the Sweetwatermines, GOO miles distant, near the summit ofthe Ivocky mountains, in Wyoming. At onetime he made !?50 per day in the gold mines.He next began railroading, making a trip of100 miles alone, through the most dangerouspart of the Kockies, in order to reach theconstruction part of the old Union Pacificrailroad. He was soon at the head of arailroad outfit, and made money rapidly.1870 our subject returned to the States andremained until the spring of 1871, when hewent to the silver mines in Utah, but findingnothing that would pay, he returned to theStates in 1872. In 1873 he bought hismother's oldInhome, where he remained untilthe fall of 1S76. He then sold the place andmoved to the village of Black Earth. Twoyears later he was obliged to move on a farmto satisfy a mortgage; afterward sold thatplace and again came to Black Earth withhis family. He then went to Montana, butfinding nothing satisfactory, he again returnedto Black Earth and purchased a farmnear the village of Cross Plains. Mr. Partridgenow owns 340 acres of as fine land asthere is in Wisconsin, where he is engagedin general farming. In his political viewshe was formerly a Ilcpnblican, but now votesthe Democratic ticket.On the 0th day of January, 1873, the subjectof this sketch was united in marriagewith l^Iiss Sarah Roberts, a native of Berrytownship, Dane county,Wisconsin, and theyhail one son, Albert M., born September 15,1874. The wife and mother died December31, 1876. and December 4, 1877, Mr. Part-

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 343ridse marriedMiss Emma Meltzer, who wasborn in Cincinnati, Ohio, April 27, 1858, adaughter of William and Caroline (Ferp;e)Meltzer, who canae from Germany to thiscountry in 1848. Mr. and Mrs. Partridgehave five children, as follows: Henry C,born October 22, 1878; William E., February14, 1880; Elvie I., January 15, 1883;Edward J., September 7, 1887; and AdalineC, March 7, 1891.^i^tR. HENRY VALENTIN E BAN-CROFT, a practicing physician of BlueMound, was l)orn at Lodi, Wisconsin,on yt. Valentine's Day, February 14, 1860.His paternal grandfather was born and rearedin Massachusetts, was a farmer by occupation,and his death occurred in that State at theage of sixty-four years. The father of oursubject, Henry Lawson Bancroft, was born inMassachusetts in 1824, was early inured tohaljits of industry, and worked atfarm laboruntil fifteen years of age. He was then apprenticedto learn the carpenters' trade, atwhich he was engaged five years, then taughtschool for a time, and next worked at histrade. Early in the '50s he came to Madison,Wisconsin, but shortly afterward began workat his trade in Lodi, where he remained manyyears. In 1888 he removed to Woodburn,Oregon, where he still resides. Mr. Bancroftwas married first in Lodi, to EmilyKingsley, a native of McHenry county, Illinois.Her people removed from Connecticutto that county in anearly day, but both parentsare now deceased. To that union fourchildren were born: II. V., our subject;Charles F., a druggist of Dodge county;George, telegraph operator at Beloit; andHerbert A., attending the Decorah NormalScliool in Iowa. The mother dieil in 1867,and the father was afterward married to AnnaStewart, who is still living. They had threechildren, two of whom are now deceased, andthe eldest,Ida, resides in Woodburn, Oregon.Henry V. Bancroft, the subject of tiiissketch, attended school during the wintermonths, and worked on his fatlier's farmduring the summer. His mother died whenhe was seven years of age, and he was in agreat measure thrown on his own resourcesin early life.At the age of sixteen years bewent to live with an uncle. Porter Kingsley,a farmer of Lodi, who took an interest in theyoung man anil

344 BWGHAI'UICAJ. REVIEW OPChristie Ilelmenstein, who was born inIowacounty, Wisconsin, ller parents came fromGermany in 1848, landing in New York aftera long and tedious voyage. They settled inIowa county, Wisconsin, near the Danecouity line, where they both still reside. Thefather is one of the prominent old settlers ofthe county, and has served as Postmaster andTownship Clerk.Mr. and Mrs. Bancroft havethree children: Henry Irving, born October10, 1886; John Albert, March 25, 1888;Mabel Emily, November 26, 1890. Althougha young man. Dr. Bancroft is properly considereda leading man in the community, andhis advice is sought in all matters of publicinterest. He is a genial gentleman, andworthy of the respect and contidence of thepeople among whom hehas cast his lot.lICHOLAS HAIGIIT, a farmer, residentof Fitchburg, Dane county, Wisconsin,was born in Bedford, Westchestercounty. New York, July 10, 1818.Hie father, Caleb Ilaight, was born in Rye,Westchester county. New York, August 27,1785, and the grandfather of our subject wasDavid Ilaight, a native of the same town;and his father, who wa.s the great-grandfatherof our subject, was also named David; and hisfather, who was the great-great-grandfather,was also David. Tracing the family stillfarther back, the father of the last namedwas Samuel, born in1647, and his father borethe name of Nicholas Hoyt, born in 1624 or'26. From the best information at hand thelatter was a son of Simon Hoyt, who was thefirst ancestor of the family in America.Little is known of the history of SimonHoyt, but Nicholas was a resident of Windsor,Connecticut, and married Susan Joyce.Samuel,son of Nicholas, moved from Windsor,Connecticut, to Eastchester, New York,and from there to Flushing, Long Island,and there the spelling of the name waschanged.Mr. Ilaight, as he now became, was one ofthe five original purchasers of the town ofHarrison, and was a leading man among theQuakers. David, the son of Samuel, wasborn in1670, and lived and died in the townof Harrison. David Haight, his son, wasborn about 1701, and first married MilicentLane and then Abigail J'urdy. He residedin Kye, where he died about 1798, and thegrandfather of our subject was born in 1748and married Elizabeth Wetmore. He removedfrom Rye to Bedford, bought a farm,reared a family and died there in 1836.The father of our subject was but an infantwhen his parents moved to Bedford, and therehe was reared and educated. He was taughtagriculture, and after he had attained hismajority he engaged in mercantile businessin the locality known as Cherry street, in thetown of Bedford, and continued there forseveral years, and then went to New Yorkcity and conducted the business there for afew years. He then returned to Bedford andengaged in farming there until he was seventyyears of age. He then went to reside witha son at Pleasantville, Westchester county.New York, and lived with him until he waseighty-eight years of age, and then came tolivewith our subject, where his death occurredin 1875, wht>n lie had reached the age ofnearly ninety years. The maiden niune ofthe mother of our subject was Sarah MariaJackson, who was born in North Salem, Westchestercounty. New York, a daughter ofJabez and (Dibble) Jackson. Siiedied in Westchester county in 1833, and thethree children that survived her were Nicho-

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 345las, Caleb W., and John J. Caleb W. graduatedfi'tim Columbia Colloire and l)ecanie aphysician. He practiced at Pleasantville,where he remained his entire life. John J.taught school in Westchester county andStamford, Connecticut, and about 1855 engagedin the drug business in New York city.He died at tlie home of our subject in 1872.The father of our subject reared one daup;!!-ter by bis first marriao;e, named Betsey W.,and she married Dr. John Q. Harris, ofOntario.Our subject received his early education inthe public schools, and was advanced by attendance at North Salem Academy, where hefitted himself for a teacher and commencedteaching in Westchester county. He taughtone term of school atPelham, Ontario, twelvemiles west of Niagara Falls and also in Staniford,Connecticut, where he commenced teachingin the stiburbs, andCenter school.was promoted to theFailing health compelled himto seek outdoor employment; therefore heresigned and engaged in gardening and farminguntil 1853, when he went to New Yorkcity. There be engaged in the Inisiness ofcarman, or the business of draying, as it iscalled here. The most of his work was forthe New Brunswick Rubber Company. lieremained there until 1857, then came to Danecounty, bought eighty acres of land in thesouthwest part of section 31, in the town ofBlooming Grove. This was a tract of wildland at that time, and he bought it for $11an acre. He built, improved the land andresided there eleven years, then soldout andbought where he now resides. Here be hasa well improved farm of 190 acres.Mr. Haight was married October 8, 1845,to Catherine E. Williamson, born inI^edford,Westchester county. New York, July 10,1823. Her father and irrandfather were boi'nin the same town, and as far back as the genealogycan be traced the ancestry resided here.Her grandfather was a farmer and spent hislast years on the farm. He died attiie homeof a son in ('henango county. New York, whilethere on a visit. The maiden name of hiswife was Ann Keynolds, probably bora in thesame county and died on the home farm.The father (jf Mrs. Haight was reared andmarried in his native town. He came intopossession of the home farm and spent hisentii'e life there. The maiden name of tliemother of Mrs. Haight was Sarah Carjienter,born in the town of Harrison, Westchestercounty. New York. Her father, NathanielCarpenter, was priibably born there alsn,where he became a farmer ami spent his entirelife. The maiden name of his wife was DorotheaCarpenter, of the same name, but norelation. She spent her whole life in Harrison.The mother of Mrs. Haight died on thehome farm in Westchester county. Mr. andMrs. Haight have reared six children, namely:James C, born November 8, 1840, in Stamford,Connecticut, married to Ida A. Johnson,liorn in Genesee county. New York,daughter of Chauncy A. and Angeline (Prindall)Johnson, a resident of Fitchbnrg, andhas four children: John L., born May 10,1874; lienjamin E., born April 9, 1870;Edward C, born November 27, 1878; and EllaJ., born February 12, 1882. The next sonof Mr. and Mrs. Ilaight is William ,1., bornSeptember 6, 1848, who resides on the homefarm, is a deaf-mute, and has attended theschool for deaf-mutes atDelavan, Wisconsin,for six years; Sarah M., born February 21,1850, is the third child, and she married II.J. Sutherland, and they reside in Fitchliurg;six children have been added totheir union:Catherine A.. Adda I., William C, Harry N.,Sadie A. and Gladvs. Thomas W. is the

346 BIOGHAPHICAL UK VIEW OFtbiirtlichild of our subject, was bom January11, 1860, grail uateil from the univu'rsity ofWisconsin, in tlie class of 18S2, and died July25, IS84. Mary Josephine, born January 6,1863, married Charles (i. Carpenter and residesin Omaha, Nebraska, and has three children:Inez H., Marion I. and Milton J.The younorest child of Mr. and Mrs. Haightis Lizzie M., born September 5, 1867, whoresides at home with her parents.fRANKLINHIRAM KING, Professorof Agricultural Physics in the Universityof Wisconsin, dates his birth inLaCirange township, Walworth county, Wisconsin,June 8, 1848. His father, EdmundKing, was born in North Pomfret, Vermont,the son of a Vermont farmer. He grew upon the farm, and spent his life in agriculturalpursuits. In 1842 he came west to Wisconsin,located in Walworth county, and tlierewas subsequently married to DeborahLoonier, a native of Nova Sjotia. They hadnine children, four sons and five daughters,theProfessor being the oldest son.His early life was spent on the farm, anduntil he was nineteen his only education wasthat received during the three winter monthsin the little log schoolhoiise near his home.In 1868 he entered the State Normal School,at White Water, where he completed a normalctiurse, anil graduated in 1872. He thentook post-graduate work in the same school.During three of his summer vacations hewas connected with the State Geological Surveyof Wisconsin. After leaving the normalliH? taught natural science in the high schooof Berlin, Wisconsin, till 1876. From 1876t(; 1878 he was a student at Cornell University,taking a special course in naturalscience. In 1878 he was called to tlie StateNormal School, at River Falls, Wisconsin,where he was Professor of Natural Scienceten years. While there he spent one summerat the Johns Hopkins SeasideLaboratory, atBeaufort, North Carolina, and one summerwith the United States Geological SurveyNorth Dakota. He was called to the Chairof Agricultural Physics in the University ofWisconsin in 1888, and has been connectedwith thisinstitution ever since.Professor King was married June 30,1880, to Carrie H. Baker, of l^erlin, Wisconsin,daughter of Hiram T. Baker, a manufacturerof that place. They have fourchildren, namely: Anna Belle, Max Werner,Clarence Baker and Ralph S.Professor King isinthe author of numerousscientific works. He has two reports ingeological surveys: one, " Economic Relationsof Wisconsin Birds;" the other, " Geologyof the Upper Flambeau Valleys." In connectionwithProfessor Alphonso Wood (authorof Wood's Botany), he published a plantrecord. He has also published "ElementaryLessons in Ph^'sics of Agriculture." While atRiver Falls Normal School, he and his wifeprepared a series of relief maps— -two of theworld, three of the United States, one ofYellowstone Park, and one of the State ofWisconsin. The one of Wisconsin and twoof the world are at Harvard Museum, and hehas sent one set to the Sandwich Islands.The Professor has frequently lectured in thisState on agricultural physics, on which subjecthe is authority.4^ 4©^ ^ERMAN SCIIUERMANN, a widelyknown and highly esteemed Germancitizen of Vienna township, Danecounty, Wisconsin, was born in Germany in

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. Ml1830. He is descended from a siilistaiitialfamily of the Fatherland, who owned andconducted their own store and tavern in thatcountry. Mr. Schuermann was the only oneof their immediate family to come to America,and now has one brother, John, residingin Germany.The subject of thiseducation insketch received a goodhis native land, studying.' Frenchand Latin and mathematics. In 1852 liecame to America, and on arriving in NewYork city was employed as a clerk in a groceryfor two years, and later in a hotel. Heafterward went to Montour county, where hedid farm work for a year. In 1855 he cameto Wisconsin, and worke

34SUBERTINE WOODWARD MOOKEthe subject of this sketch, was born^ near Phihidelphia, Pennsylvania, September27. 1841. In attempting to writetlie biography of such a person one is somewhatconfused at the Ijeginuing, not for lackof materia!, but in consequence of the ai)undanceof it.Tlie majority of lives are meagerin incidents that are of interest to the world atlarge. Many people whose histories possessattractions for those who know them personally,can furnish but little to hold the attentionof people in general. A notable exception tothis rule is A[rs. Moore. Her life has indeedbeen full of endeavor, the results ofwhich make history that strikes the keynoteof universal harmony, so as to awaken a responsivechord in every human breast. Sheseems to have led a full and coniplcte existenceas wife, home-maker, hostess, churchworker,musician, author, philanthropistmOORAPBWAL REVIEW OFandfriend. On the maternal side she is ofSwedish descent. Her father and grandfatherwere puldishers in the Quaker City,and she can say, with Dr. Holmes, that shewas born among books, and they became herdaily food and drink. Indeed, from earliestyears she was surrounded by a literary andmusical atmosphere.Mrs. Moore's earlier efforts appeared overthe nom de plume of "Auber Forestier," thefirst two syllables of the given name beingretained, while the surname was rendered intoFrench. She gave many vears to thestudy of music under the best masters, amongwhom was Carl Gaertner, the famous violinistand composer, who held that music wasthe key for the development of the spiritualnature. This interest in an enthusiasm formusic has never been lost, and she hasalways been the center of a circle ofmusicalpeople capable of understanding and appreciatingall that was brightest and best in theart.There are enthusiasms which flame fiercelyin the youth, only to gradually burn low anddie out with the years, but Mrs. Moore's lovefor music is not one of them: rather was itdeveloped and perfected with womanhood.Her first attempts in the literary field weretranslations of musical sketches and criticisms,published both in America and Germany.Early in life she spent some time in California,from which State .she wrote very entertainingletters to various Philadelphia publications.These letters contained so much ofpractical value that most readers thought thewriter must be a man, and numerous missivesaddressed to Mr. Forester, seeking furtherknowledge of the resources of the GoldenState, were received by her. Upon her returnto the East she published the followingtranslations of (ierman novels:" Sphinx," byRobert I5yr (1871); "Above Tempest andTide," by Sophia Verena (1873); "Strugglefor Existence," by Robert Byr (1873). Thetranslation of that brilliant work of VictorCherbuliez' "Saml. P,rohl & Co.," whichappeared as No. 1 in Appletou's series of" Foi-eign Authors," was also the work of"Auber Forestier,"althouch the translator'sname does not appear on the title-page of theseries; the nubjishers wished to make thename of the foreign author prominent, ratherthan tliat of the English translator. Stories,sketches, translations of poetry for music andoriginal songs occupied the time until theattention of this busy lady was attracted tothe "Niebelungen Lied;'' the result wasthat in 1887 she published her " Echoes fromMist Laud" or the "Niebelungen Lay Revealedto Lovers of Romance andChivalry."This is the prose version of the famousold heroic poem, with an elaborate iutroduc-

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 349tory account of its discovery by Bodiiier in1757. as well as the history of the materialof which it is composed. This was the firstAmerican edition of the Lay, and it was dedicatedto Rasmus I^. Anderson, professor ofScandinavian languages in the University ofWisconsin, as an acknowledgment of thevaluable suggestions offered by him in thecomposition of the introductory pages. Thebook received laudatory notices from thepress all over the country, besides callingforth favorable comment from the leadingperiodicals and prominent journals of Gerjnany.The supplement to Meyer's " ConversationsLexicon,'' published in 1880-'81,contains a biographical sketch of "AuberForestier," in which flattering mention ismade of this particular work.In 1879 Mrs. Moore went to Madison tocontinue her researches in Scandinavianliterature under the direction of Prof. E.13. Anderson, in whose family her home wasmade until her marriage to Samnel XL Moore,formerly of Pennsylvania. As an author,Mrs. Moore has a style of her own. Ilertranslations from the Norse and Germanhave been almost numberless, and the rangeof subjects limitless. With wonderful adaptabilityshe lias rendered into English thepoetic gems, such as "Over the Lofty Mountains,""On the Hill of Glass," "The ErlKing;" and it is needless to say they losenone of their meaning from passing underher pen. It would take a long time to tellof the works that she has assisted in givingto the world, but among them are "SpellboundFiddler," " Eminent Authors," " TheNorway Music Album," and some of Bjornson'snovels.The introduction to the " Music Album,"which the title-page tells us is "a selection forhome use from Norway's folk-songs, dances,24etc., national airs and recent compositionsarranged for piano-forte, and also singing," iswortliy of more than passing notice. It isreally a critical survey of the music of Norway,giving biographical sketches of fifteenleading coniposers. Three editions of thiswork were l)rought out in a short time.Thesongs are given in the original Norwegianand also in an English translation. Themusic is erand and soul-stirring, the kindthat Ole Bull associated with the fiords andgloomy pines of Norway. Tiie national airsand dances have a weird though fascinatingmovement which cannot fail to ciiarm alllovers of music. The words of some of thesongs are written by Bjornson and itis needlessto add are poetic gems.These are translatedby Mrs. Moore in such a perfect mannerthat one can be sure they have lost noneof their freshness l)ythe change, for they areas sparkling and clear as the mountainstreams of the land from whicli they come.Her delitrht in fiction is writing musicalstories, and in this field she is without a competitor.There is a demand for the class of literatureshe seems well qualified to furnish.Among the periodicals to whicii she is avalued contributor, are The Weekly Wisconsin,the Woman's and Youth's departments ofthe New York World, and the New YorkHome Journal. Mrs. Moore is a resident ofthe city of Madison.Here she has a beautifuland happy home that overlooks the lovelylake Monona, and has many attractions.Over this she presides with womanly graceand characteristic hospitality.^^'^^i^V?:?^-^-

350 BIOQRAPUWAL REVIEW OFJEORGE THOMSON, a prominent'^ farmer and carpenter, resides in theeastern portion of the village of Oregon,where he has one of tlie finest homes in thetown. He was born in Hamilton, Canada,January 19, 1847. His grandfather, GeorgeThomson, was a native of Scotland and marriedMiss Elizabeth Fair there. He rearedhis family of children there, of whom threesons and two daughters grew to maturity andall came to America. The grandfather was amerchant in his native land, where he diedbefore his wife and the children emigratedfor this country. The names of the childrenwere as follows: Robert, James, George,Elizabeth and Alice. Of these James wasthe first to come to the United States, andlocated in Dodge county, Wisconsin. Helater returned to Scotland and married MargaretLaw, a sister ofProfessor Law, of CornellUniversity. Since his return to thiscountry he has resided in Dodge county,where he has a good farm.firstRobert emigratedto Canada, but about 1845 came to Wisconsin,and entered160 acres of land, whichis now included in the eastern portion of thevillage of Oregon. He built a log cabin,which was the first in the place, and residedthere until his death.The|_father of our subject,George, was born October 18, 1811, andin early life became a sailor, pursuing hisHecalling upon the high seas for ten years.made bis first voyage, at the age of thirteenyears, to Davis Straits, in a whaling vessel.After coming to America he sailed on thegreat lakes. He also married in Canada,March 15, 1842, and first settled at the headof lake Ontario, where he served as lightbousekeeper for twenty-nine years. Laterhe retired and lived in Hamilton, Canada,until his death, April 11, 1886. The motherof our suliject died July 20, 1847, leavingtwo children, our subject and a brother,WilliamC, who died in Hamilton. Canada, in1886, having been a patternmaker by trade.Our subject was only one month old whenhis mother died; he was brought to Dodgecounty, Wisconsin, where he was reared byhis aunts.Like many other farmer boys, heworked upon the farm in the summers andattended the common schools in the winters,but he also had the advanta

D.INE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 351merly he was a Republican, but his opinionson the liquor question compelled liini to espousetlie cause of the party tluit promised torid the land of that curse. lie has servedvery creditably as a member of the villageboard. The religion of the ancestors wasthe faith of the Presbyterian Churcli. Mr.Thomson is a member of Neosko Lodge,No. 108, A. F. and, A. M., and lias been amember of the I. O. O. F. for twenty years.He is regarded as one of the substantialfarmers of Oregon, where he has some veryvaluable property. In addition to his otherinterests, Mr. Thomson retains his orangeHe and his pleasant familygrove in Florida.are regarded by all with feelings of extremeregard, as they are worthy, upright citizens,well deserving of the good fortune that liasattended their efforts in life.f»jICHAELA. DOYLE is aprominentffvl' farmer, residing on sections 17, and 18-rt(^^ in Verona township, and has been aresident of Dane county since 1845. Hewas born in Cleveland, Ohio, Decemlier 24,1844, being a son of Patrick and Elionor(liroderick) Doyle, the former a native ofDetroit, Michigan, and the latter of Ireland.They were married in Detroit, and after marriagewent to Cleveland to live, remainingthere until 1845, when they came to Wisconsinand settled at Sun Prairie, in Danecounty, where the father of our subject entered2(13 acres of land, on which he residedthirteen years, making numerous impro\ements.The parents then removed to thetown of Wpstport, Dane county, where thefather engaged in keeping a hotel until thetime of his death in1872, at the age of sixtysevenyears. The mother died in 1865 atWestport, aged forty-eight yeai's. Theyreared a family of eight children, as follows:Frances, who n:arried Hugh Summers, residesin Davenport, Iowa; John, who is anEngineer at the State House in Madison;James, who was an engineei', and wasby a boiler explosion in 1868, at thefor the insane at Mendota; our subject;killedhospitalHannah,who resides at Milwaukee, Wisconsin;Thomas, who died in 1870 at Westport, agedtwenty-two; Ellen, who resides in Chicago;and Frank, who is an engineer in Chicago,Illinois.Our subject was in his first year when hisparents settled in Wisconsin, and his boyhoodwas passed on a farm. His father wasa blacksmith, and at the aye of thirteen helearned the trade, serving an appenticeship.In 1862, although onlj' then a boy, he enlisted,and was mustered into the army inAugust, entering Company G, Twenty-ninthWisconsin Volunteer Infantry, and servedbravely until the close of the war, jiarticipatincrin all of the battles, marches and skirniishesin which liis company took pait. Theleading battles where he endangered his litefor his country were:the siege of Vicksburg,Jackson, Mississippi; Cham]iii>n Hills, I'oilGibson, Sabine Cross lioads, Spanish Fort andFort Plakely. He was a Corporal of thecompany, and passed through the wholestruggle without wound or capture, and withno otlier misfortune than a short sickness inthe hospital after the battle of Jackson.After the war our subject I'eturned home,but at once went to ('hicago, where heworked in a macliine shop for threeyears, atthe expiration of which time he returned toWisconsin to till the position li'ft vacant liythe death of his brotlu^r in the insane hospitalat Mendota, and at that place he servedas engineer for thirteen years. He then went

352 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFback to Chicago, anil was a groceryman therefor a tew months, but then returned to Madisonand went on a steaml)oat on Lake Monona.He then was made Under-Sherifl ofDane county, and served as such for eighteenmonths.At tliis time he went to Oregon, Danecounty, where he purchased a hotel, whichhe conducted for a few months, but in 1886he bought his present farm of 420 acres.Here our subject has erected a good farmhouse and two large barns, and has nowawell-improved farm. The buildings arelocated near the center of the farm, on aneminence which commands a view of the surroundingcountry, a most beautifullocation.lie is is now engaged in stock dealing andfeeding.Our subject was married in 1872 to MissMargaret Malone, who died in Westport in1881, leaving no children. In 1884 he marriedMrs. Charlotte Martin, daugliter of JohnMason, born in Middleton, Dane county, in1856, and widow of Patrick Martin, of Perth,Scotland, who died in 1879, leaving onedaughter, Emily D.,born in 1877, in Verona,who with the daugliter of Mr. and Mrs.Doyle, Ella C, l)orn in Verona in 1886, constitutestheir family.In politics, he is a Democrat, and is Chairmanof the Town Board of Verona; also is amember of A. O. U. W., and of C. C. WashburnPost, No. 11, G. A. K. He is a wellinformedman, and one who is well kixiwnand esteemed. He has made his own way inthe worlil, and has won his success unaided.His military record is one to be proud of,and among her citizens, Dane county has nomore honest citizen than Mr. ^^ichael Doyle.|\ERMAX SACHTJEN, a prominentGerman-American resident of Westporttownship. Dane county, Wisconsin, wasborn in north Germany in 1821.His father,Thomas, having been born at the same placeSeptember 20, 1792. The latter was afarmer on his own little farm, consisting offifteen acres. The maiden name of themother of our subject was Cliiistie Mario,and they were the parents of two sons andtwo daughters, whom they brought to Americawith them in the fall of 1846. Thefamily took passage in a sailing vessel fromBremerhaven to New Orleans, where theyarrived January 3, 1847. The vessel was asmall three-master and the journey consumedseventy-two days, as they encountered twosevere storms with heavy seas. Their firstlocation after leaving New Orleans wasLouisville, Kentucky, where they remainedfour years, the father working on a rentedfarm and his son, our subject, in a brickyardfor $18 a mouth, boarding himself thefirst year, but the second year he had $40 amonth and his board. The family had startedfor Illinois, but on account of the river beingfrozen they could get no farther than Cairo,hence they went to Louisville, but in thespring of 1851 they came to Wisconsin andto Dane county, where our subject boughteighty acres near the asylum of B. Furgerson,where the asylum stables now stand.For this he ])aid $480, ami in the spring of1852 sold it for the same and b(iu

when he bought it, and this has been therule of his life, to buy something if he hadthe money and if he had no money to dowithout, and since he has been seventeenyears he has never been without money.Our subject was married in Germany atthe age of twenty-five years, just before comingto America. The name of liis wife wasGeske Coleman, and she became the motherof five sons and one daughter. One son diedan infant. George ilied in 1875 at the age oftwenty-two; Gesina Marie died at the age oftwenty-tive years, inDANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 3531882, unmarried; JohnE. died in May, 1892, aged forty-three, leavingno family, but some money; Henry, afarmer on sixty-live acres which his fathersold him, is thirty-three years of age; Johnsonis thirty-tive years of age. lie has sixtytwoacres of land; also a portion of tlie oldhome farm. These two brothers live togetherin the brick house which the father built in1862, having lived in the first log house tenyears. William married Paulina Hartkopf,of Minnesota. lie is thirty years old and isfarming on sixty-two acres of the old homestead.They have four children born in fiveyears, two sons and two daughters. Themother died in 1880, aged about sixty years.Our subject bought his 360 acres of landin different pieces, between 1852 and 1880,when he bought his last thirty acres, onwhich he now resides. This last purchasecost $1,000, with no buildings. He has builtthree dwelling houses on these parcels ofland, including the log house of 1852. Hewas married to his present wife in 1883,the widow of William Leir, a near neighborin Germany. She came to America in 1857,and has six children by her first marriageand one son by this, named Edward, a youthof eight years. The family are GermanLutlieraiis, and our subject votes the Democraticticket and does a general farming ona small scale,altiiough he used to keep fromthirty to forty cows, six to seven horses andfrom twenty to forty hogs. He did not goto the war of the Kebellion, although liewasdrafted and paid the bounty. He is stillhealthy and vigorous and is working yet.Had he been brought up and educated inthis country he would no doubt have beenwealthy and influential, as Nature has endowedhim with possibilities and capacities.As it is, his life so far has been very successful.fA M E SR. O'M A L L E Y, a successfulfarmer of Dane county, Wisconsin, is ason of Patrick and Mary (Welsh)O'Malley. The father was born in countyMayo, Ireland, in 1819, a son of MichaelO'Malley, a farmer of that county. Thelatter reared a family of seven sons and twodaughters, and his death occurred in Wisconsinat the age of sixty-three years. In1846 Patrick O'Malley, the father of oursubject, purchased eighty acres of land onsection 14, Dane county. Three years later,in 1849, he went with his brother, Martin,to California, but returned one year afterward,via the Isthmus, having made consideraldemoney. He then added to hisoriginal purchase in this county until heowned 280 acres, where he remained until1880, and in that year removed to the farmour subject now occupies. At his death heleft an estate of about 700 acres of land anda large amount of personal property. Hewas entraired in general farniinij and stockraising, but gavehis attention principally tothe erowiue of short-horned cattle. He soldlarge numbers every year, and also kept

354 BIOGIIAPUIVAL HE VIEW OFmany on his farm. Mr. O'Malley was aprominent and respected citizen, was a Democratin his political views, was a member ofthe School Board for twenty-seven years, aleading member of the Catholic Church, wasone of the fonnders and builders of the St.Marys of the Lake, and was buried on thefamily lot in the cemetery there. lie wasfirst married to Elizabeth O'Keefe, and theyhad six children, namely: Mary, now SisterMary Alfonzo, at Plattsmouth, Nebraska;Catherine, now Sister Mary Dominic, ofWashington, District of Columbia; Ellen,formerly a teacher, died at her home at theage of twenty-three years; Cecily, formerly apupil of St. Clara's Academy, of Grantcounty, Wisconsin, is now a teacher of Greenliiver, Wyoming; Michael ()., is one of themost extensive farmers and perhaps the mostsuccessful of this county. He is marriedand has two children; and Francis, a graduateof the St. Clara's Academy, has taughtfor the past six years, and is now athome. The mother died in March, 1865,at the age of thirty-six years, and the fatherafterward married the mother of our subject,nee Mary Welsh. She was born incounty Wexford, Ireland, and came to Americawith her parents in 1849, at the age oftwelve years. After a long and stormy voyagethey landed in New York, and came atonce to Wisconsin, where the father died, atthe age of sixty, and the mother at sixty-fiveyears.Mr. and Mrs. O'Malley lost one childby death, a daughter, Hannah, an infant.Their children that grew to years of maturityare: James li., our subject; Charlotte, apupil at Sinsinawa, Wisconsin; William, attendingthe St. Thomas Seminary at St.Paul,Minnesota; and Dominic K., aged sixteenyears, is at liome. The father died December21, 1882, aged sixty-three years, and themother November 27, 1890, at the age offifty- three years.fOSEPH4^=£t..O'MALLEY was born in Westport,Ireland, in December, 1841, aof Michael O'Malley, who was bornsonthe same place, and there his grandfatherwas also born. Our subject was less tlianfour years of age when his parents came toAmerica, in 1845. They settled on 160 acresof Government land, being a part of oursubject's present farui of 320 acres.The town of Westport was named byMichael O'Malley, in honor of liis nativetown. They first built a rougl; log cai)in,into which they moved with their children,the brothers and sisters of our subject beingnamed as follows: Thomas, John, Patrick,Ellen, Catherine, Michael, Martin, Dominick,Mary, Hannah; James, who died whenan infant; James, who is now a Catholicpriest; and the subject ofthis sketch.Our subject was reared on this place, andit has been his pleasant home ever since. Hehas had good school advantages, starting atthe age of seven years to the common schoolstaught in the rude log houses, with roughslabs for seats, and where the desks weremerely slabs fastened against the wall,inuponwooden pins driven into augur holes in thelogs. At the age of nineteen he quit thedistrict school which lie attended from twoto four weeks in each year from hisseventh,and then went to Sinsinawa Mounds College,then a college for young men and later to thecollege of the Lady of the Sacred Heart, atNiaijara.Although our subject has never engagedin any business except farming, he has seenmuch of the world. In the summer of 1878

DA2fE COUNTW WISG01S8IN. 355he tookii trip to Europe and visited liis nativeland, Ijeing well pleased with his oldcountry. lie traveled through Scotland,England, Ireland and Wales, and bought afineyoung Clydesdale stallion in Scotland fromGloucestershire, and also a large Cotswoldram for his farm. Previously he had traveledin Canada and importeil from there in1870, three Cotswohl rams, which were thefirst hrought to this county. lie has engagedextensively in the breeding of linehorses, sheep and cattle since that time. Afine Durham bull is always kept. For thepast ten years he has rented histillable land,and during the sunimer he keeps a herd ofcattle on his range, and sells in the fall.Formerly he fed stock for the market, shippingto Chicago, taking to market severalcarloads per year.The parents of our subject died on thefarm, the mother surviving the father someten years, dying at about the age of seventysixyears.His brothers and sisters have becomegood people, allof theltrothers embracingagriculture except James, who waseducatedfor the priesthood. He was a studentat Sinsinawa Mounds and also Milwaukeeand Toronto, Canada, then atteuded collegeat Cape Girardeau, Missouri, and lastly atNiagara Falls. Father O'Malley has beenvery successful in his calling, is a leadingtemperance reformer, and is the beloved andpopular priest of St. Peter's Church at Oshkosh,where he has a congregationjof 400 RomanCatholics, and also many Protestantswho admire him. Drunl

356 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OPsitiori for about twenty years, until anotherwas put in his place early in the administrationof Grover Cleveland. Mr. Hudson, witha partner, A. P. Goodclap, in 1879, built astore in Leicester, but in 1871 or 1872 theyremoved it to this place, where they startedthe second store. Mr. Hudson dissolvedpartnership in1873, and has since continuedalone. His business is a general merchandiseone, including drugs and medicines.When our subject came to America, hewas accompanied by his wife, formerly SarahOsborne, daughter of John Osborne, andone child, Eliza,which afterward died, at theage of six years. Mr. and Mrs. Hudsonhave two living children: Charles William,a single man at home in the store; andFred O., who married Johanna Stuffel, daughterof Joseph Stuffel, and has one child,Harry, a bright pleasing littleyears, the pet ofhis grandparents.Mr. Pludson served as Justice offellow of threethe Peacefor one term. He is a worthy, good citizen,and enjoys the respect and esteem of all whoknow him.|BRAM ASA BOYCE, a prosperous farmerresiding on section 6, in Viennatownship, where lie has resided sinceApril, 18-47, was born in Fort Ann township,Washington county. New York, June 12,1821. His father, Abram Boyce, was bornin February, 1772, in the same county, andthe grandfatherof our subject, Abram Jioyce,known as " Brom Boyce," of the Hudson,engaged in the Revolutionary war very activelyas Captain of a company of scouts, attachedto Washington's headquarters. Heproved himself very efKcient to the commander-in-chief.Mr. lioyce, our subject.has a most valuable treasure of those times,the regalia of masonry, that is, the sasli,apron and rosette worn by his grandfather inthe lodge of whichGeneral Washington wasthe Master. This was a military lodge andthe regalia was not as line as that of modernmasonry. This relic has been handed downto the male descendants of Abram Boyce andwill continue in tiiis line as long as it maylast. The paternal grandmother was MaryCowan, who was a cousin of Judge Cowau,whose common-law commentaries (Cowan'sTreatise) is still a standard work. TheBoyces were pioneer settlers and farmers ofWashington county. New York. They livedand died near Fort Ann villaire, haviuorearedthree daughters and two sons, wiio becameheads of families. The grandfatherwas accidentally killed at the age of sixty-threeyears, l>utold.his wife lived to be eighty-six yearsShe was one of the heroines of tlie Revolutionarystruggle and had some most heroicand trying experiences with the enemy. Herhusband was away from home, with tiie armyunder General Gates and she at the farm,which lay in the path of tlic British forces.For days when the enemy was, expected, enroute to Heights and Stillwater, she kepttwo good horses saddled with some of theirvaluables tied in packs, ready to swing acrossthe horses at an instant's notice. One of thechildren was on the lookout for the expectedfoes and when the alarm came just as a mealwas ready, with her babe in her arras, whowas the father of onr subject, and with someprovisions, pewter platters and the other ciiildrenshe rode away toward the fort,from theadvancing marauders, but found that theywere in the path in front of them, and Mrs.Boyce took to the forest andevaded them inthat way. It was a frosty October night andthe only shelter they had was an uprooted

DANE COUNTY, WTSCONSIN. 357tree. The next day tliey made their way toa stockade fort, just ia time to escape theenemy. They found tiiemselves prisoners inthis beleaguered fort,which had only a smallgarrison. The brave little band kept theenemy out during the day, but when nightcame it was found that both shot and ballswere gone, although plenty of powder remained.Then it was that these heroic womentook grandma's pewter plates and runthem into bullets for the defense and in thisway the garrison held out until relief came.Grandma used to relate this chapter in herlife and tell how heavy became her heart,when she saw the burning of their home.How sacred should we rejjrard tiiis noble ancestry,while we preserve their history andcherish their memory. The mother of oursubject was Sarah Town, of Chittendencounty, Vermont, born in January, 1782.Her father was Captain Elijah Town, commanderof a company under General Stark, atthe battle of Bennington. She became themother of thirteen children, all of whomreached adult age and all married but one, adaughter, who died at the age of sixteen.The mother of Sarah (Town) Boyce was SusanDickenson, of Delilield, Massachusetts, andher grandfather was one of the slain in thatIndian massacre.The mother of our subject was a cousin ofSalem Town, of educational fame. The fatherof oar subject died in Fort iVnn, NewYork, April, 1831, aged iifty-niue.He lefta comfortable estate to his widow. He wastwice married, his first wife being Pine be Sutherland,of that place, born January, 1775, anddied April, 1801. after l)ecoming the motherof four sons, all of whom have passed away.The father of our sul)ject had seventeen children,and of his ten sons our subject is theonly survivor, although there are three sistersliving;Lydia M., born July 3, 1817, residingat Pleasant Grove, Minnesota; SophroniaL.,born April 19, 1819, living withour subject, isthe wife of David Gilbert anilhas two sons; and Harriet E., born August6, 1826, is the widow of Ira Simmons, ofKirkwood, South Dakota.She has four sonsand four daughters. Lydia married GeorgeIv. Patterson and has four sons and onedaughter. The aged mother spent her lastdays at the home of our subject in Vienna,Wisconsin, where she died in 1862 in hereighty-tirst year.Mr. Boyce was brought up to farm life andat the age of seventeen years took charge ofhis mother's farm in Genesee county, NewYork, where she had moved after the deathof her husband. He had a partial academiccourse of schooling.At the age of twenty-tive he was married,in Hock county, Wisconsin, Octolier, 1816,toMiss Charlotte W. Bemis, the daughter ofDaniel and Charlotte (Wheelock) Bemis,both of Massachusetts. He was the grandsonof Captain Edmund Bemis, of colonialfame, was at the battle of Louisbni-g andwas the first man who could, or did unspikethe cannon, which he did by heating themredhot anddriving the spike into the chamber.Our subject came West, to Wisconsin, inApril, 1844, and was the first of his familyto come, except his sister, Polly, the wife ofHarvy P. Wheaton, who came in 1842. Hecame from Buffalo by lake to Detroit, byrailroad to Jackson, Michigan, which wastiienthe terminus of the old line of the MichiganCentral railroad, and thence to St.Joseph, Michigan, by stage, from which placehe crossed the lake to Chicago, with CaptainEber Ward, on the little steamer Champion,and from Chicago, early inApril, came on the

358 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFsailing craft and schooner Pocaliontas,landingat Ilacine.iiis first purchase of land in Wisconsin wasa quarter section claim, but his first purchasein this vicinity was of eighty acres, wiiere hehas lived since 1847. From time to time hehas added to this eighty acres until he nowowns 480 acres of good, arable land, themost of which is under cultivation. He hasdone a general or mixed husbandry and hismade a specialty of dairying for the pasttwelve years, and for some years has engagedin tiie growiiio^ of tobacco, sometimes raisingas mucii as 30,000 pounds a year.He has aherd of sixty cows, some of them .Jerseys,has now eighty acres in corn and a hundredin oats, and keeps about ten work horses.He has turned off about a hundred hoes ayear.Mr. l>ojce has served as Justice of thePeace for eighteen years and was Chairmanof the Hoard of Supervisors. During thewar of the Rebellion he was in this countyand helped to fill the quota of troops. Hehas served two terms in the State l>egislature.Mr. and Mrs. Boyce have one daughter, acharming young lady of seventeen years.Heis a Master Mason and was a delegate to thefirst Republican State Convention, and hasbeen an unswerving Republican ever since.Morgan L. Boyce, tlie brother of our subject,came to Wisconsin in 1845 and settledwith our subject on a quarter section of landin Dane township, one mile from our subject'shome. He was born in Fort Ann,Is'ewYork, July 24, 1823, and died January6, 1881, leaving a widow, two sons and onedaughter. One of tlie sons, Arthur W., is afarmer, residing on the homestead of his father,and with him lives his mother, whosemaiden name was Lydia Wilkins, of Livingstoncounty, New York.rlRED KREHL, of the firm of Krehl &lieck, dealers in all kinds of stoves, hard-^."" ware and tinware, is the subject of thissketch. The firm of Krehl & Beck carry alarge stock in their line of business andhave a large and flourishing trade, especiallyin the job work in the tin department. Thisprominent partnership was started in January,1891, succeeding the old firm ofScheibel& Krehl, which was organized March 1,1883. The business has always been locatedat No. 121 and 123 East Washington avenue,where the members of the firmon a very successful business since thehave carriedstart.Our subject has been a resident of Madisonfor the past twenty-five years, havingcome to the city in 1867. After his arrivalMr. Krehl began work at the tinners' trade,which he had learned in his native land, Germany.He was a skilled workman and receivedgood wages for his work; thesewageshe saved and finally built a fine home forhimself at the corner of Williamson andJenifer streets. He has been a very hardworkingman all his life and all the propertythat he now has has been accumulated by hisown hands.Mr. Krehl was born inWurtemberg, Germany,July 17, 1839, and here he was rearedand educated. At the age of fifteen he beganto learn the trade of tinner, following anapprenticeship of four years. At the age ofnineteen he was engaged as a journeymanfor a short time, after which he took a goodposition in a first-class hardware establishmentin Studtgart. Here he worked until hemarried, when he started into business forhimself in Miinsingen, Wurtemburg. Herehe remained for four years and then came toAmerica, with hopes of doing better,and hehas not been disappointed. The parents ofour subject, Ludwig and Anna M. Krehl,

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 359were natives of the saiue place, where theyhave lived hardwurkiiig lives. They werethe parents of seven children, three of whomare still living, although our subject is theonly one living in this country.Mr. Krehl was married to Mrs. FredricaIleiiikel, in Wurtteniberg, Germany. Mrs.Krehl was born and reared in Wurtemburg,where her father lived and died. She hasthree brothers now living in the UnitedStates^ namely: Fred, editor and publisher ofthe Workman's Courier, in Florida, at Tampa;I'hilip, in Iowa; and Christ, in Nebraska.Mr. and Mrs. Krehl took passage on asteamer from Hamburg, (Terraauy, in 1867,and upon landing in New York city, came toMadison. At the time of their arrival inthis city they were very poor, but as theyhave been hardworking people they havemanaged to work their way to the top of theladder of social prominence among theirmany good friends, by whom they are universallyrespected. Mr. and Mrs. Krehl arethe parents of five children, namely: tienryL., foreman in his father's tin shop; AugustW., a manager of the East Madison Pharmacy,is a successful young man and waseducated in the University of Wisconsin;Pauline, wife of August Cunradi, adruggistof Chicago; Fred, who died when thirteenyears of age; and Ida, who diedyears of age.fOHNwhen eightM. ESTES, a successful farmer ofDunkirk township, Dane county, Wisconsin,was born in ]\Iilwaukee county,this State, March 1, 1842, a son of Elijah S.and Z. W. (Wentworth) Estes, natives respectivelyof North Carolina and Maine.Thefather became a resident of Wisconsin in18H5. Tlie mother's people removeil to Illinoisand Wisconsin when she was very young.The parents of our subject died in Milwaukee,in 1887.John M. Estes, the third of ninechildren,was reared on a farm in what is now theSeventeenth ward of Milwaukee. He spentthi'ee years inBeloit College and one year inthe Uiiiversitj of Wisconsin. August 15,1862, he enlisted as a private in CompanyA, Twenty-third Wisconsin Regiment. Hefollowed the fortunes of his regim(>nt, participatingwith it in all of its marches and battlesfor two years and eight months, whenhe was promoted to a lieutenantcy in theForty-seventh WisconsinRegiment, servingwith this regiment until it was mustered outat the close of the war.Soon after the war he began farming andis now the owner of one of the many comfortablehomes in Dunkirk township. Politicallyhe affiliateswith the Republican party,*has served ten years as Chairman of theTownship Board, has also served as Chairmanof the County Board, and in 1886, waselected to the office of Sheriff of his county.During his incumbency of this office he obtainedconsiderable renown by followingthemurderer, Kuhni, to England, where he securedhis extradition andbrought him backto suffer tlie extreme penalty of the laws ofthe State of Wisconsin.In 1891 he was appointed to a place inthe United States Department of Agriculture.He is a special agent for the Columbian Expositionin the branch of leaf tobacco. Mr.Estes also travels extensively over the UnitedStates, where he is engaged in lecturing andattending conventions. lie has attendedmeetings of the State Board of Agriculturein various States; is the chief tobacco expertof the Government, also its special agent, has

360 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFmade a study of the subject, and after theWorld's Fair will reduce his knowledge toprint.ilr. Estes was married September 8, 1869,to ^[artha A. Martin, a native of Willshoro,New York. To tliis union has been born sixchildren, namely: Pauline M., Rollin L.,Lulu May and threedeceased.[E R T D K R O W E K, a resident ofVienna, Wisconsin, was born in Germany,in 1828, reared to farm life byhis father, and worked out by the month whenhe was fourteen years old. For the first fewyears he worked for very small wages, andnever received more than $50 a year. Forthree years he was inthe German army, andat twenty -eight received a discharge and cameto America, having a pass. He came withhis brother, Sim De Bower, on a sailing craft,and they were six weeks on the ocean, landingat New York, and came directly toMadison by the railroad tliat had just beenfinished. They both hired out very soon tofarmers and had the highest wages then paid,which was $15 a month. He worked thusfor about two years, when the brothers boughteighty acres of land at S8 an acre, on newprairie.Here they built a siianty, where oursubject's woodhouse now is,and which is theremains of it. He and his l)rother continuedhere for another year. Tliey iiired thirty-fiveacres of their land broken tiie first summer,but our subject moved into his shanty thatfall and bought a yoke of cattle. That winterthey lived there all alone and drew fenceposts. In the spring he put his thirty-fiveacres in wheat, and this yielded over thirtybushels per acre, for which he re

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 361Director. Oats and corn are his principalcrops, and he cuts many tons of hay, keepscattle, liorses and hogs, turning off ahoutthirty of the latter, per year. lie keeps fromtwenty to thirty head of cattle and raises ahalf dozen a year; keeps eiujht to ten horsesa year, and raises two colts per year, more orless.fAMES^.TRAVIS, one of the pioneer ofFitchburg, was born in Greene, Chenatigocounty, New York, Marce 25, 1825 Hisfather, Stepiien, lived in Westchester, NewYork, and the grandfather of our subject,David formerly lived in New York city, andthen settled near Peekskill, in Westchestercounty, where he bouglit a farm and residedthere until his deatii.lie became a soldier intiie Revolutionary war, but the farm where hespent his last years is still retained by hisfamily. The maiden name of his wife wasMiss Birdsall, who lived in England, Initspent her last years on the home farm inWestchester county. She reared nine children,four sons and live daugiiters, namely:Stephen, Henry, William, David, Ann,Esther, Sallie, Mary and Rachel.Tlie father of our subject was reared onthe farm, but learned the trade of cooper, andwent to New York city when a young man,where he was engaged as carman, until 1812,when he removed to Chenango county, andsettled in the town ofGreene, where he purchaseda tract of lumber land, turnedhis attentionto farming and resided there until1846, when he emigrated to the Territory ofWisconsin, and settled in Fitchburg, Danecounty. Here he bouglit alarm, on wliich hespent his last days, dying in 1860. Themaiden name of the motlior of our subjectwas Mary A. Tinison, who was born in NewYork city, and died in 1855. The father wasa soldier in the war of 1812. The parentsof onr subject reared six children, five sonsand one daughter, namely: I'enjamin, AVilliamII., David, John, James and Catiierine,the latter married John McWilliams.Onr subject was reared and educated in liisnative town. In iiis early day there were norailroads near hisliome, and Binghamton wasthe principal market for all that part of theState of New York. His l)rothers used toriift lumber down the Susquehannah river,and each year used to build what tliey calledan ark on the raft and till it with potatoes andother farm pi'oduce, and thus take thesethings down to the Chesapeake bay and thenceto New York city. When the Chenancocanal was completed, that became a greathighway of comtnerce. The first i-ailwaytrain our subject ever saw, was when he wassixteen years ofage, and the train was on theErie railroad. In those days farming wasconducted in a very different manner fromthe present. All grass was cut with thescythe, and all grain with the sickle. Wlienthe cradle was introduced it was considered agreat invention. Wages were very low, farmhands receiving fifty cents a day or $12 amonth.Our subject came to the Territory of Wisconsinwith his parents in 1816. They camevia Erie and Chenango canals to Buffalo, andthence via the lakes to Milwaukee, andfromthere by team to Dane county. At tliattime Madison was but a village and the surroundingcountry was sparsely settled, andbut little improved. He remained here,working by the month, working for ,S12.50and board, but after a time iie and anotherparty bought some cattle and took jobs ofbreaking ground for the settlers, which

362 BIOORAPHICAL REVIEW OFproved quite remunerative.About tlie sametime he rented land and euiiafjed in raisinggrain, wliicii he marketed at jMilwaukee,drawing it there with oxen. It took sevendays of good weather to make the round trip.He took provisions with him and cooked andcamped by the way. In 1849 he boughthis tirst land, a tract of wild land that isnow included in his present farm, and forthis he paid $7 per acre. In 1854 hebuilt on the place and has since placedit all under cultivation, erected good biiildinijs,and planted fruit, shade and otherornamental trees. He has bought otherhuid and now owns 200 acres, seven milesfrom the capital.In 1852 he was married to Miss Laura A.Sutherland, born in Genesee county. NewYork, August 15, 1826, daughter of Josiahand Sarah (Woolcot) Sutherland. Of thisunion four cliildrenhave been born, namely:Julia A.; Artliur L.; Sarah M., wife ofHoward Sigglekow; and Mary A. Mrs.Travis died November 17, 1878. Our subjectis a meihber of the Methodist EpiscopalChurch and is a Prohibitionist in politics.He lias tilled various offices of trust and fortwo years served as a member of the CountyBoard ofSupervisors.|EUBEN BOYCE, one of the prominentcitizens of Or('(ron,was born in Graftoncounty, now Hampton New HampshireNovember 26, 1826. His father, lieu benBoyce, was anative of the same State, and anatural-born mechanic, who learned the tradeof carpenter, which lie followed in his nativeplace. In 1829 he removed to Onondatracounty. New York, accompaniedand si.\by his wifechildren, making the entire journeyby team, taking the household goods alongand camping by the way. He bought a tractof land in Manlius and engaged in tanningthere until 1844, when he again startedwestward and came, via lakes and ox teams toDane county, where he bought a squatter'sclaim to a tract of Government land, that isnow included in the subject's farm. Therewas a log cabin on the land, 16 x 18, intowhich the family moved, and eighteen personsresided there the following summer. Soonafter this the townships of Oregon, Dunnand Fitchburg were set off as one town andnamed Koine and he was elected Chairman ofthe Board, which position he retained untilhis death, in 1847. The maiden name of hiswife was Polly Wadleigh, was born in NewHampshire, and died in Wisconsin in 1S46.She reared eight children, as follows: SarahA., William, Benjamin, Polly, Reuben, Jessie,Ira and Ruth.Our subject was three yearsold when hisparents moved to New York and eighteenwhen they made the trip to AV^isconsin, sohe remeinliers well the incidents of pioneerlife.The country was but sparsely settled andland was owned by the Government and soldat SI. 25 an acre, but cheap as it was themost of the citizens were too poor to buy it,so formed claim clitlis to protect themselvesfrom speculators. Deer were very plentifuland were seen in large droves. There wereno railroads for many years andMilwaukee,ninety miles away, was the nearest market.After the death of his father our subjectbought the interest of the other heirs, and,with the exception of a few years spent inMadison to fjive his children school advautages,has lived here ever since. He has addedto his real estate and now owns a fine farmof 400 acres, on which he has good buildings.He has improved his land until it is now

D^\IiE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 363one of the finest farms in tlie coniity. Healso owns a farm on sections 31 and 32, townof Oregon, consisting of 200 acres and alsolands in McCook county, Dakota.He was niai-rie

364 BIOGRAPHIVAL REVIEW OFOur sul)ject was only nine years of agewhen his parents moved to Stoughton, wherelie was reared. His education was received intliepublic schools and advanced by attendanceupon the Albion Academy. At the age oftwenty-one he commenced teaching andcontinued to pursue this calling for winters,engaging in farming the remainderof the year. At the time of his marriage helocated on his father'sfarm, remaining until1886, when he purchased the farm he nowowns and occupies, including the northwestquarter of section 11 in Blooming Grovetownship. This is a well improved farm of160 acres and contains a stone quarry, which,has been operated for many years. On thisfarm he is engaged in general farming andstock raisinrr, and in 1891 commenceddealing in tobacco.Mr. Estes has been twice married, the firsttime in 1869, to Martha A. Roach, born inWillow Springs, La P^ayette county, Wisconsin,daughter of Joseph and ElizabethRoach, and died in October, 1876. In 1878,he was again mai-ried, hissecond wife beingHelen (Mitchell) Wright, born in Connecticut,a daughter of Allen Mitcliell and awidow of John E. Wright. Mr. Estes hastwo children by his first marriage: Fred K.,now a member of the senior class of theUniversity of Wisconsin; and Jessie L., whomarried Henry E. Slu^ldon and is living inTucson, Arizona. The two children of thesecond marriageare Mabel G., and Mary M.,both living at home. Mrs. Estes had threechildren by jier first marriage: William W.,who died in 1887; Arthur A., living inSpokane; Washington; and John J., withthe Chicago College of DentalSurgery. Mr.Estes has always been a Republican inpolitics, supporting the candidates of hisparty upon all occasions. He is a member ofCottage Grove Fire Insurance Company.iAUL TANNERT, a dealer of tobacco inDane county, Wisconsin, was born inBreslau, Province of Silisia, Prussia,December 4, 1852, a son of Carl and LouiseTannert, both born and reared in that country.The father, a machinist by profession,died in Prussia. They were the parents offive children, four sonsand one daughter, allof whom reside in the old country but oursubject and his brother Carl.Paul Tannert was taken by his uncle,William Schefer, to Berlin at the age ofthreeyears, where he was given a collegiateeducation and received the privilege for theone year volunteer service in the army, butat the age of twenty years took out a furloughto come to America, locating in NewYork. His uncle having been one of thelargest manufacturers of tobacco in Prussia,Mr. Tannert gained a knowledge of thatbusiness, and after locating in New Yorkwas employed as otHce boy in the tobaccohouse of C. H. Spitzner. He soon rose tothe position of bookkeeper and cashier of theconcern. In January, 1882, he came toStoughton, as a buyer for the tobacco firm ofN. Lachenbruch & Bro., wholesale dealers ofNew York, and has acted in this capacityever since.Mr. TaiuuM-t was married October 1, 1884,to Carry Keenan, a native of Dunn township,Dane county, and a daughter of GeorgeKeenan, a farmer by occupation. She waseducated at the University of Wisconsin atMadison. Our subject and wife have twochililreii: Eliza M. and Georgia E. Theylost one child, Cathleen M., deceased at the

V-^ ^J^^'

DANE COUNTY, W1S00N8IN. 30r)age of twij years.Afr. Taniinrt utKliates witlithe Democratic party, but lias never l)e(!ti anoffice sc^eker. lie was honored with tlienomination of Assemblyman of Stoiiirlitonin 188(i, but, ovvini^ to his disti-ict havin;^ aRe]>nblican majority of 1,400 he was defeated.apENERAL DAVID ATWOOD, late\IVireditor-in-chief and jirdprietor of tlii^"l^- Wisconsin State .Journal,was one of theearliest, as well as oih; of the most prominentof the Badger State jinirnalists. (icnuiralAtwood came of good English Puritan stock.He could trace his ancestry back to John Atwood,who settled at plyinonth in 1643. Bythe time David was born, at Bedford, NewHampshire, December 15,1815, this Englishstrain had become mixed with Scotch-Irishblood. A New Hampshire farmer's boy, hewas from the first trained in the school ofindustry. At the ilistrict school one of hiscompanions was Horace Greeley. He wassomewhat older than David ami left theschool and the town befure the latter, butthey were warm friends and maintained cordialrelations throughout (ireeley's life.Thelate Zachariali Chandler, afterward UnitedStates Senator from Michigan, was also oneof David Atwood's boyhood friends and aclassmate of liis in the old Preebyterian Sunday-school.At tlieageof sixteen, with only such learningas the Bedford pedagogue couldbut well groundeil inimpart,tlie virtues, in the pi-iiiciplesof integrity and frugality and in practicalviews of life, David set out from the oldhomestead upon a career (juite foreign tothatof his ancestors, who had been tillers of the soil.He became apprenticed to the firm of Tred-25way & Atwood, of which his brntlicr .lohnwas the junior member. They were print(M-sand publishers of law books at Hamilton,New York, and at the close of his live yearsapprenticcsjiip David was familiar with thetrade in all its dep;irtnents. During 1838and 183'J our 8ul)ject travi^led with a horseand wagon some ten thousand miles throughNew Yoi'k, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia,Ohio and other States as far w(^st asMissouri, endeavoring to sell a work in eightviilunies entitled, 'I'he Amcu'ican ('ommonLaw.The young agent, as a matter of course,suffered mu(!h privation, espt^cially in the farWest, and oftentimes met with narrow escapeswhen storms had blocked the forestroads, and bridges had been carriedaway byswollen streams; but in all that time, despitehis youth and slender ligure, and tlii^ wiillknownfact that he (jften carried considerablesums of money, he never I'eceived even athreatening glance. Much of the countrywas then ina state of nature, the small settlementswere few and tar between, but the])eople were good-hearted, and the strangerwas ever welcome!. General Atwood was alwaysglad to tui'ii back in memory to thosepionier experiiiuces, and it was a rare treatto hear iiitn relate incidents of his remarkablewagon journeys, which were admirablepictures of the times.In September, 1839, being now twentylouryears of age, he united with his brotherJohn in the publication of the HamiltonPalladium, a weekly Whig newspaper. InCincinnati, David liad frecjuently met witliGeneral Harrison, and he returned to Hamiltonimbued with enthusiasm for " old Tip."'He was long known as " Tlie original Harrisonman" in Aladison county, and was muchin demand at cami>aign meetingsas a leader.Although in charge of the mechaincal de-

BIOGRAPHICALpartinent of the paper, he also wrote vigorouspolitical articles. In 1844 he entered intothe campaign for llenrj Clay witli intenseenthusiasm, and from that date until hisdeath he was actively engaged in politicalmanagement, but ho ever looked back totheClay campaign as the one in which he hadmade the greatest personal exertions of hislife. So seriously had these labors underminedhis health that he withdrew from thePalladium, moved to Stephenson county, Illinois,and went into sheep raising. He regainedhis health, but lost his Tnoney, andtinancially liroken he resolved to return tohis trade.The desire had for years been strongwithin him to establish a newspaper at someState capital. The neighboring Territory ofWisconsin was then experiencing somewhatof a boom, it was engaged at the time inseeking entrance to the Union, and for manyreasons public attention was being attractedto this Territory in a marked degree.Madison,the capital was merely a name to Col.Atwood, but he resolved to go there, confidentthat the village must grow with thecommon wealth. lie arrived in Madison,October 15, 1847, and at once engaged withWilliam W. Wyman, the publisher of theMadison "Express," at a salary of $6a week, with board and lodging thrown in.During the winter of 1848, he accurately reported,not only the doings of the Legislaturebut the debates and transactions of the important and protracted convention thatdrafted the constitution, under which Wisconsinbecame a State May, 1848. Col. Atwoodwas never aljsent from the sessions ofthat convention for a moment. He wroteall the editorials in the "Express," set sometype on the tri-weekly edition, made np theREVIEW OFforms, often working until niidnight in orderto fully meet the pressing demands ofthe day upon one, who was editor,foreman, compositor and allhands.reporter,In October, 1848, with Royal Buck, Col.Atwood purchased the "Express" and thename was changed to the "Wisconsin Express,"and it appeared on the sixteenth ofNovember following with many improvements.In the fall of 1851. the Whigs, forwhich the "Express" had fought elected theircondidate for governor, but, as all the officeswere still in the hands of the opposition itbrought no patronage to the "Express." Inthe spring of 1850 a new Whig paper calledthe "Statesnum"" had appeared, and in June,1852, a consolidation was effected, with (ien.Atwood as one of the new start", but the enterprisefailed and out of the wreck theGeneralsingle-handed reared the "WisconsinState Journal," daily and weekly, issuinghis first number on September 28, 1852.The "State Journal" continued as the onlyWhig paper in the place, until the organizatiorof the Republican party, in 1854, sincewhich time it has been the sole (•ham|)ion ofthe latter at the WisconsinIn the spring of 1853 Oen.capital.Atwood associatedwith him Horace Rublee, a vigorouseditorial writer, who was appointed Ministerto Switzerland in 1808, and is at presentthe editor-in-chief of the ^Milwaukee"Sentinel." He was succeetled l>y Major J. OCulver, who remained with the -StateJournal"until January, 1877. Ever since (tcu.Atwood has been sole proprietor.In1841 Gen. Atwood was appointed Adjutanton the staff of Col. James W. Nye,afterward United States Senator from Nevada,who was then in command of theSixty-fifth New York Militia. In 1842 hewas promoted to be Major of the regiment.On Nye's promotion Major Atwood sue-

DANE COUNTY, WTSCONSIN. 3C7ceeded him, and in 1851, tiien a resident ofWisconsin he was appointed liy tiio Governor.Quarterniaster General of the State, and in1858 he was ajipointed Major General of theFiftli Division of tiie State Militia. In 18()lGen. Atwood represented the Madison Districtin the State Assembly, and was a veryactive worker in the business of raising andtilting troops for the front, and was an enthusiasticand efficient manager. In 1802President Lincoln made him Internal Keve--nue Assessor, but in 18tjG lie was removedby President Johnson, as an offensive partisan,being the first Wisconsin officer to bethus sentenced. He was the valuable Mayorof Madison in 1868-'69, and during the latteryear the whole state pressurged his nominationas Governor, and the vote he received inthe convention was a flattering evidence ofhis personal popularity.In January, 1870, Benjamin F. Hopkinsdied and within the following month GeneralAtwood was elected as his successor in theFortieth Congress, taking his seat on the 33dof February. He was placed on the then importantcommittee on the Pacific railroad andin Congress he soon established a reputationas an industrious and eminentlyuseful man,his name being connected with some of tliebest of the successful bills of the session.From 1872 until the close of the Centennial,in1876, the General was Commissioner fromWisconsin, appointed by President Grant andexecuted his important trust with signalability. He was for a time the President ofthe full body, which included some of themost distinguished men of the nation.General Atwood held numerous offices, ofa public, or a semi-public nature. In 1849he was a Justice of the Peace. In 185-1: aVillage Trustee. For thirteen years, after1857, he was Treasurer of the Wisconsin StateAgricultural Society.For sixteen years, after1866, a member of and President of the Pxiardof Trustees of the State Insane Hospital.Formany years a member of the City SchoolBoard, and for a time its president. Forthirty years a Trustee and member of theE.xecutive Committee, for five years the secretaryand for along series of years presidentof the Madison Mutual Insurance Company,which did a large business inthe u])per Missippivalley; for a long time he was presidentof the Madison Gas, Liu-lit and Coke Company.He had been a director in several railroadenterprises and from 1849, one of themost active members of the State HistoricalSociety. For eight years, previous to 1876,,he was the Wisconsin member of the RepublicanNational Committee and he had attendedevery national convention of his party sincethe nomination of Lincoln, in 1860.On the 23d of August, 1849, Mr. Atwoodwas married at Potosi, Wisconsin, to MarySweeney, formerly of Canton, Ohio. Theyhad born to them two sotis and two daughters,the eldest of these being Charles David, whowas Vice Consul at Liverpool, from 1872 to1876 and afterward an accomplished associaateeditor of the Wisconsin State Journal; in1874 he was married to Elizabeth, daughterof Dr. A. J. Ward, one of the leading physiciansof Madison; Charles died in 1878, inthe twenty-eighth year of bis age, at a timewhen he appeared tobe about entering a distinguishedcareer, and his son David is ofthefourth generation of David Atwoods. HarryF. and Mary L., other children of the Generalreside in Madison; Elizabeth G., lives inMilwaukee, having in 1877 mai'rieil Mr. EdwardP. Vilas.Physically General Atwood was of a mediumstature, with expressive eyes, whichalways beamed with a kindly light. He was

SfiS mOORAPHICAL REVIEW OFa cliariiiiiii; eonversationlist and his fine regularfeatures were well set off by a full headand flowing Iteard of snow-white hair. 1^'gnifiedand impressive in bearing he was eventempered, frank in manner, hopeful in temperinanentand noted throughout Wisconsin, asa public-spirited man of rare political sagacityand good executive ability. He was a cordialhost and under the roof of his spaciousmansion they have been welcomed, in thepast forty years a long line of politicians,journalists, statesmen and scholars, representingmany sections and countries. His capacityfor editorial workwas something marvelous,in it he displayed remarkable facility in composition,possessed a simple style and was arapid thii-.ker. A politician in the best senseof the word he never allowedpartisan bitternessto poison his intercourse with men ofevery political creed. To all he was the sameaffable gentleman, considerate and kind. Heis a fine representative of the best class ofwestern pioneers and although he was formany years a patriarch in appearance. Idsmind was as agile as his step. His editorialassociates sadly felt the loss of his inspiritingpresence and to his devoted family it seemedas though a bright and shining light had goneout.All who knew him were his friends andin social, newspaper and political circlesfew"Wisconsin men have filled so large a space.In his later life General Atwood, with hiswhite hair and flowingbeard, bore a strikingresemblance to the portraits of the poet Bryant.At half-past three o'clock, on the afternoonof Wednesday, December 11, 1889, thelifeof this well-beloved and useful man ended incalm, as profound as the sleep of a child.His illness had been of short duration andthe shock of his death to friends and familywas great. On the following Saturday afternoontlie funeral services were held at thefamily home on Monona avenue. Thecasket rested amid a great profusion of floralofferings, and Dr. J. J). Butler, in a feelingtribute spoke in a touchingly beautifulmannerof the life of the departed one. He relatedmany particulars regarding the religiousenvironment of the deceased in childhoodand the cumulative influence of earlyimpressions on his last days. The sermonclosed with prayer andthe choir gently sang" Nearer My God to Thee," and the remainswere conveyed to their flnalresting place, atForest Hill. During the service flagsfloated at half mast, from both the capitoland city hall. Had General Atwood livedfour days longer he would have completedhis seventy-fourth year. He was euiinentlya man of to-day, progressive in tone, andconfident that the things of the present arenecessarily an improvement on the past. Inhonoring such a man we indeed honor ourselves.K. T I P P L E, a liveryman of Danecounty, Wisconsin, was born in Ver-**non, Oneida county, New York, July16, 1839, a son of John and Jeannette(Grant) Tipple, luitives also of that county.Our subject spent his early life on a farm,where he had the advantages of good schools.At the age of seventeen years he took acourse at the State Normal, at Albany. NewYork, where he graduated in 1857, and wasthen engaged in the hotel business in Oneidacounty three years. In the spring of 1858he came to Wisconsin, traveling throughKansas and Nebraska, andgoing as far westat Fort Kearney. He traveled from NebraskaCity with Mayor Waddle and Rus-

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 3G9sell's wagon train, wliicli was carryiii

370 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFwhich time lie invented and patented twocooking stoves—a self-acting premium anddouble oven stoves. lie moved to Cincinnati,Ohio, in 1847, to carry on the manufactureof his improved stoves.About ten years afterward he removed toNorth Bend, Ohio, where in 1872 lie diedfrom a sunstroke. lie was one of tlu; originalabolitionists, casting his vofe for thefirst anti-slavery candidate for the presidency,James G. Birney. On the formationof the Republican party in 1856 he becamean earnest sujiporter of its policies. Themaiden name of his wife was Rachel Ward,a native of Maryland, daughter of WilliamWard. She died at College Hill, Ohio, atthe home of her son. Dr. Vance, in 1875.They had three children, James W., MaryA. and George D.The subject of this brief sketch receivedhis education chietly in the WilmingtonAcademy. On removing from Wilmingtonto Cincinnati he spent some years in school,graduating from a niercantile school, afterwhich lie took the position of bookkeeper inhis father's store. He was fond of science,and especially that part bearing upon medicineand surgery, and while in his father'sservice he devoted a considerable portion ofhis leisure to that branch of study, beingactuated l)y an earnest ambition to become aphysician, much against his father's wishthat he should devote himself to the law.In 1851 he became a student under thepreceptorship of A. Whi[)ple, M. D., in Cincinnati.He attended two full courses ofmedical lectures in the Eclectic Medical Institutein 1853, coiitiiining with Dr. Whijtpleuntil 1855, when ho entered upon the dutiesof his profession. He practiced ahout oneyear in Lawrencehurg, Indiana, when hewas offered an interest in a mercantile businesswishedin Chariton, Iowa, by a gentleman whohis brother to learn bookkeeping andthe rules and principles of commercial life.The Doctor took charge of the business andconducted it for about a year, when, owingto failure of crops that year, the businesswas sold out and Dr. Vance put out his" shingle " again. He subquently removedback to Cincinnati, wherehe practiced threeyears and then returned to LawrencehurgIndiana, where he practiced for fourteenyears. In 1875 he moved to College Hill,Ohio, and in1881 he came to Madison, Wisconsin,wiiere he has since been doing anoffice practice.During the winter of 1880-'81 Dr. Vanceentered Pulte College, Cincinnati, and wasat the close of the course graduated. Hewas once elected to fill the chair of MateriaMedica in Pulte, but, owing to sickness inhis family, was unable to accept the chair.The Doctor is an earnest medical student andpossesses a large medical library.His practiceis quite extended, patients coming tohim from every section of Wisconsin, as wellas from other States of the Union.Dr. Vance was married twice, the firsttime in 1856 to Carrie E. Floyd, who wasborn near Louisville, Kentucky. Herparents were William and Sarah (Moore)Floyd, the former a native of Kentucky andthe latter of I'ennsylvania. They spentmany years in Kentucky, and later in Illinois,residing on the, then, called Floyd'sIsland, after which they removed to Cincinnati,where soon afterward Mr. Floyd died.Four daughters were born to Dr. Vance andhis wife Carrie: Carrie Floyd, Annie Mary,Sarah Ludlow and Rachel Whipple. Anniedied at the age ofnine and Rachel when onlyone month old. Mrs. Vance died June, 1879.In 1880 Dr. Vance married Mary C.

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 371Spooner, who was born in Lawrencebui-g,Indiana, slaughter of Philip L. and LydiaCoit Spooner.Dr. Vance is .Junior Warden of (IraceChurch, Madison; a Kepublican in politics,having supported the policies of that partyfrom 1856, when he cast his lirst vote at thepresidential election of John 0. Fremont.fOHNB. STICKNEY, ofMazo Manie,Dane county, Wisconsin, was born inLancaster, Coos county, New Hampshire,August 4, 1S28, a son of Dr. Jacob E.and Martha B. (Goss) Stickney.This familyis one of the few that can ti-ace its genealogyto the early English kings. The Stickneyfamily left their original home in Normandy,in the north of France, and journeyed withWilliani the Conqueror to Sumary, England,where they located and named the town ofStickney. In our own country we find thefamily prominent in America's early histoi'y.The grandfather of our subject. Captain JohnStickney, was with General Warren at therenowned battle of Bunker Hill. His son,the father of our subject, was born atBrownfield,Maine, 1797, was one of a family oftwelve children, was educatedfor his professionwith great care, and graduated at BowdoinCijllege, at Brunswick, Maine. He wasone of the most prominent physicians ofCooscounty. New Hampshire, where he devotedfifty years ofhis life to his profession,and also practiced in Grafton county, thatState, and Essex county, Vermont, and wasat one time president ofMedicalAssociation.the White MountainJohn B. Stickney, the subject of thissketch, received a common-school educationat Lancaster, New Hampshire, and at theago of ten years entered the LancasterAcademy, where he graduated after threeyears. He at once began work for himselfin his native town as clerk in a dry-goodsstore, which he continued for the followingthree years. At the age of sixteen years hepursueil the same occupation at Wells River,Vermont, and seven years later, in the springof 1851, we find him in Milwaukee, Wisconsin,in the employ of the Chicago, Milwaukee& St. I'aul Railroad. Mr. Stickney has spentforty-one years of his life in their employ,and to-day can say he is the eldest livingemploye of the road. In 1856, when theroad reached Mazo Manie, he came to tliis cityand at once took charge of the company'soffice, where he still remains, this being histhirty-sixth year at this point. When hecame to this office Mr. Stickney fountl butone house in what is now the thriving cityof Mazo Manie, and has Ijeen closely identifiedwith the growth of the town from its remotestperiod. He platted the first lots everlaid off here, and has always been active inthe real-estate business.Our subject was united in marriage withMiss Charlotte W. Moore, a native of Lancaster,Vermont, and was educated at theLancaster Academy. They have three daughters:Alice, a graduate of the State Universityin the class of 1877, is the wife of E.J. Elliott, of Dell Rapids, South Dakota;Mary, educated at the high school of MazoManie[and the Female College of Milwaukee,is the wife of F. E. Bronson, of Mankato,Minnesota; and Nelly, educated in this city,spent two years in teaching, and is tire wifeof A. E. Diment, a hardware dealer ofMazo Manie. Mr. Stickney is an ardentsupporter of the Repul)lican party, hasserved as Supervisor of his township, asPresident of the Village Board six years,

373 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFand a member of tlie School Board fifteenyears. lie was at one time a candidate forthe Assembly, but was defeated.lENERAL LUCIUS FAIKCHILD.—The subject of this sketch, Lucius Fairchild,Pat^t Commander-in-Ciiief of tlieGrand Army of the Kepublic at this date,the son of the late Jairus Cassius and Sallie(Ijlair) Fairchild, the former of whom was anative of New York, born December 24,1801. The mother was from JMew England,of Scotch-Irish descent, gifted with Scotchpersistency and Irisliiskindliness, a woman ofparticularly strong character, noted for herhospitality, a devoted wife and mother, whosent three eons to the defense of her country.Mr. and Mrs. Fairchild were married in Ohio,and a few months later moved to what is nowKent, Portage county, same State, where December27, 1831, Lucius was born. Thefamily then moved to Cleveland, in 1834,subsequently to Wisconsin, reaching Madison,then the capital of the Territory, as itnow is of the State, .June 8, 1846, whenLucius was a few nionths over fourteen.The education of young Lucius was obtainedin the common schools of Cleveland,Ohio, and in the academy of Twinsburg, thatState, andalso at Waukesha Academy, Wisconsin.Less than three years after he arrivedin Madison, so much had the newlydiscovered gold region of California attractedattention, that he resolved to venture a tripacross the plains, could his parents' consentbe obtained. It was given, and the lad ofseventeen, with other adventurers from thevicinity of his home, started in March, 1849,for the land of promise, the El Dorado of theWest. His father furnished him with agood saddle-horse and such necessary articlesas could be packed in a srajill space. Theyoung man remained si.\years in California,and most of his time was spent in themountains. There he lived, of course, thehard, rough I'ft of the miner. His severelabor during that period yielded him a reasonablesuccess financially, and he returned tohis home inMadison.In referring to his trip West, he said:think that I owe a great deal to that" Iportionof niY life. I was forced to depend uponmy own eiierpy to attain anything, and therewas no alternative but incessant labor.Sincethat period 1 have always been fond of workand glad to have plenty of it. In California,if I could not mine, I hired out to othersand labored by the day. 1 was very ill for along time, and was forced to fall back njionmyself.For other reasons I grew to dependon myself, and 1 have reason to believe thattills experience was of the greatest benefit tome in after life. We had many ups anddowns, now wealthy, and again witliout adollar in our pockets. We had a land claimin Scott valley, and raised the first crop ofwheat there, in 1854. I secured 700 bushels,which 1 sold for $7 per bushel, because wewere 160 miles from the nearest wagon roadsouth."The young man's first political experienceoccurred during these days, lie had beenselected a delegate to the conventidii whichnominated Bigler for Governor. He waslocated up near the Oregon line,but courageouslyconcluded to make the journey, soloaded a mule with his spare clothes, such ashe would need in so distinguished a body.On the way the mule fell off a height into arapid stream below and disappeared. Thiswas the last of the animal and his preciousoutfit, so the young delegate traveled the re-

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 373tnaiiider of tlie way on foot and stage. Hesat in the convention without a coat, or a centinhis pocket.In 1858 he was elected, on the Democraticticket, Clerk of the Circuit Court of Danecounty, and discharged the duties of thatreceive leave of absence to serve with thevolunteer regiments. Major Fairchild wascommissioned Lieutenant-Colonel soon afterhe was assigned to the Second Wisconsin,having previously declined the commission ofColonel of another regiment, which had beenoffice most acceptably, his promptitude,tendered him by the Governor ofWisconsin.energy and business habits being no lessconspicuous than his courtesy toward attorneysand all others doing business in thecourt. In the fall of 1860 he was admittedto the bar, but in the s|)ring of the followingyear, after the tiring upon Fort Sumter, heleft the legal career opening before him, tooffer his life for the defense of his country,and was one of the first to respond to thePresident's first call. He enlisted as aprivate, but was made Captain of an independentcom pan}', the Governor's Guard,which was assigned as Company K, FirstWisconsin Volunteer Regiment. He declinedthe position of Lieutenant-Colonel,offered him by Alexander W. Randall, thenGovernor of the State, feeling that he wasnot fitted for the position. The regimentserved its three months, from June 9, 1861,Colonel O'Connor, of theSecond AVisconsin,being in poor health, Lieutenant-ColonelFairchild commanded the reeiment most ofthe time. It rapidly improved in disciplineand efficiency, and acquired the reputation ofl)eing one of the best regiments in the.service. With the Sixth and Seventh Wisconsinand Nineteenth Indiana, it formed abrigade first commanded by General RufusKing, of Wisconsin, and which afterwardwon an enviable reputation as a part of theFirst Division of the First Arnij Corps. Ittook part in nearly all the great battles andcampaigns of theof theEastern army, except thosePeninsular, under General McClellan.In 1862 the regiment participated in themovement upon Manassas, and subsequentlyformed a part of the Army of the Rappahannock,under General McDowell. Afterin eastern Virginia, where, on July 2, itspending some months, firstengaged in a slight skirmish at FallingAVaters, with a part of Joe Johnston's men,a skirmish remembered only as one of theearliest of the war, in wliich the Wisconsinin the neighboriioodof Fredericksburg, and then in theabortive attempt to intercept the retreat ofStonewall Jackson, they were sent, late inJuly to feel the enemy gathered in front oftroops were engaged for the firsttime,General Pope, and after a successful skirmishlu August of the same year PresidentLincoln appointed Captain Fairchild to thesame position in the Sixteenth Regiment ofRegulars, and about the same time he receivedfrom Governor Randall a commissionas Major in the Second Wisconsin Infantry,which regiment had eiiiraijed in the battle ofHull Run, and was at this time in AVashincr.ton. He accepted l>oth appointments, andwas the first officer of tlie regular army toand a march of eighty miles, in three daysreturned to their camp, at Falmouth, andspent the early part of August in supportinga successful movement for cutting the VirginiaCentral railroad, in the course ofwhich they repulsed and drove Stewart's cavalry.They had hardly olitained a couple ofday's repose before they were called to take apart in the movement of the Army of Virginia,under Pope, which had just fought the

374 BIOORAPEIGAL REVIEW OFbattle of Cedar Mountain. Retiring withthat army they had successful skirmishes withthe enemy at Beverly Ford, on the 19th ofAugust, and at White Sulphur Springs onthe 26th. On the evening of the 28th, whilemoving from Gainesville, along tlieWarrentonroad toward Centervillo, the brigade encounteredJackson's famous division, which wasmoving westward from Ceaterville, to forma junction with J.,ongstreet, and fought itfor an hour and a half. It was this battle,known as the battle of Gainesville, that gavethe brigade the name " Iron Brigade."While marching by the flank, the SecondWisconsin in advance, it was attacked by abattery posted on a wooded eminence to theleft. Advancing promptly upon the batteryit encountered the rebel infantry emergingfrom the woods. The other regiments camerapidly up and the enemy was re-enforcedby at least one additional brigade, and in thisunequal contest Gibbon's command maintainedtheir ground until at nine o'clockdarkness put an end to one of the fiercestconflicts of the war. Most of the time thecombiitants were not more than seventy-fiveyards apart. Here Colonoi O'Connor fell,mortally wounded, and our snl)joct iiad ahorse shot from under him. His regiment,which went into the tight with only 449 men,lost more than half of them in killed andwounded.During the next two days occurred thesecond battle of P)ull Run, where lack ofharmony and combined effort on the part ofour military leaders resulted in a retreat ofour forces at the end of the second day, whiletroops enough to have secured an easy victorylay within reach of the battle-field. TheIron I'rigade, being in JlcDowell's corps didnot reach the scene of battle until near tlidclose of lliu first day. The next day, theSecond Wisconsin being reduced, by sicknessand death to 150 men was temporarily consolidatedwith the Seventh Wisconsin, andtook part in the fight on the right wing, underthe command ofLieutenant-Colonel Fairchild,all the other field officers of both regimentsbeing either killed or wounded. Thefailure of the left to hold its ground compelledthe whole force to withdraw, andGeneral Gibbon's briga

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 375only numbered 1,500 men, crossed the Kappahannock,at Fitzhugh's crossing in pontoonboats, under a galling tire, and thencharged up the heights, carried the rebelrifle-pits by storm, capturing about 200 prisoners,thus rendering it possible to lay pontoonbridges.near Chancellorsville, on theArriving on the battle-ground,morning of the3d of May, Colonel Fairchild was called byGeneral Wadsworth, his division coniii.ander,to serve on his stalf, with which request hecomplied.At Gettysburg as the Iron Brigade, earlyon the first day engaged in the desperate conflicton Seminary liidge, the Second AVisconsin,in advance, lost in less than half an hour116 men of the 300 engaged and there ColonelFairchild fellwith his left arm shattered,so that amputation was necessary. Fromthe seminary at Gettysburg, extemporized intoa hospital, he was transferred to the homeofa village resident (the Rev. Dr. Schafl'er),where he received the tenderest care andnursing, by means of which, with skillfulsurgical attention and the strength of hisconstitution he recovered sufficiently to returnhome. He was a prisoner witliin therebel lines two days. While recruiting hishealth at Madison, havincj the desireand intentionof rWjoining the army, he having beenrecommendeu by all the generals underwhom he had served for appointment as Brigadier-General,the Union Convention of AVisconsin,much to his surprise, nominatedhimwith great unanimity and enthusiasm for theoftice of Secretary of State. The unqualifiedand earnest support he had rendered to theGovernment, l)oth by word and deed, thepassionate patriotism, rising above all personaland party views, which had marked hiscourse from the commencement of hostilities,rendered him an object of confidenceandaffection to those who tendered him thenomination. It was urged upon him by influentialfriends, that though perils seemed toencompass the Government at thewell as at the South, yet in his disabledNorth, asconditionhe could serve the National cause moreeflectively by accepting the nominationthanin any other way, and he yielded to the urgentdesires of the people, though it is believedthat he subsequently, notwithstandinghis success in obtainino the oftice, reirrettedthathe did not follow his own impulses an

376 BIOORAPniCAL REVIEW OFin 1865, nominated without opposition, forGovernor of Wisconsin, by the RepublicanUnion Convention and elected by aof a little less the 10,000.majorityHis inaugurationtook place, January 1, 1866, the beginningof the tenth administration since the admissionof the State to the Union." In entering upon the discharge of theduties of the high office to whicii I have sorecently been elected by the people," said theGovernor in his inaugural address, " 1 fullyappreciate its responsibilities and in the dischargeof its duties I shall earnestly endeavorto execute faitiifuUy the trust committed tomv care, to honestly enforce the laws of theState and to carefully exercise the closesteconomy, consistent with the public good inthe expenditure of public money." He thentold them in emphatic language on whatterms, the (then) recently rebellious Statesshould be allowed to resume their functionsin the Union. The " reconstruction policy,"which Congress afterward enforced was in themain brought forward by him at this timeand argued in a clear, vigorous and compactmanner. " Our first duty," said he in hisfirst message, " is to give thanks to AlmightyGod for his mercies during all the year thatis past." He said that uo people on earthhad greater cause to be thankful than had ourpeople, as the enemies of the country had beenoverthrown in battle. The war had settledgreat questions at issue between ourselves.The Governor performed the duties ofhisfirst term (as indeed of iiis two subsequentterms) as chief executive of Wisconsin to thesatisfaction of the people, the intelligentearnestness and zealwith which he sought topromote the educational interests of the Statewas especially commended. lie devoted anunusual proportion of his time to the personalvisitations of the penal reformatory,benevolentas well as educational institutions ofthe commonwealth. He urged the establishmentof additional free schools, one for theeducationof the feeble-minded.In 1867 Governor Faircluld was renominatedwithout opposition, by the RepublicanState Convention of thatyear and re-electedby a majority of nearly 5,000, over his Democraticcompetitor. His second term, commencedon noon, January 6,in1868, and again1869 was the Governor elected to the sameposition, his majority was over 8,000 votes.On the third of January, 1870, he was inauguratedfor the third time, the only instance,to that date of a person being elected to tillthe chief executive office for Wisconsin forthree consecutive terms.It was an emphaticrecognition of the value of his services in thegubernatorialchair.In his last message delivered to the Legislature,January 11, 1871, the Governor declaredthat Wisconsin State policy was sowisely adapted tothe needs of the people and80 favorable to its growth and prosperity asto require but few changes at the hands ofthe legislators, and those rather of detailthansystem, a happy condition of public affairstruly, and one of which, after serving thepeople for three terms as their highest executiveofficer of State he might well be proud.Just here it may bo stated that throughouthis entire term ofservice, both as Governorand ex oflicio Normal School Regent he didnot relax his interest in the cause ofeducation, on the contrary hepoi>ularalways encouragedit to the best of his ability. The lastterm of (Tovernor Fairchild's office exj)iredwith the year 1871.In less than one year after his retirementto private life he was called by the UnitedStiites Government to the consulate at hiver-

pool, one of the most important of the consularoffices in lier Majesty's dominie protected,and he was at alltimes prompt to extenda helpinir hand to our suffering tars andto Americian citizens generally, who wereneeding aid. " In his position he was engagedin a line of duties," says a recent noticeof him, " which afforded no opportunities forexamination and admiration on the part ofthe world, but which in reality are not theleast arduous or valuable of his career."Hewas one of the hardest working Consuls inthe service of the Government and he tilledhis place with a fidelity, intelligence andconscientiousness that have never been excelled.His mastery of the principles ofinternational law aiul commerce was especiallynoted by theEnglish press and made the subjectof unqualified comineadation. He succeededin creating in England respect forAmerican official far above the average entertainedfor our consular and other representatives.Gen. Fairchild remained at Liverpool until1878, when he was promoted to the positionof Consul-General at Paris, upon themotion of the Government. He had transactedthe business of his consulate to the entiresatisfaction of the department atWashington,as his promotion clearly demonstrated."When about to leave for France he receivedmany tokens of regar

378 BIOOHAPUICAL REVIEW OPthe sentiments of the old soldiers of that citytoward him, and voiced the feeling? of thesturdy veterans of Madison. '-Though inforeign countries for ten years," said thedispatch, "your growth in' the hearts andaffections of Wisconsin people, especially thehearts and affections of her soldiers, has beensteady and vigorous. Every soldier's heartto-day beats a happy, hearty song of welcometo the loved, oue-arined patriot."Gen. Fairchild was elected, in 1886, Commanderof the Department of WisconsinGrand Army Republic, and he gave hiswhole time to his duties as such officer, visitingvarious portions of the State and conductingthe necessary correspondence. Atthe National Encampment, held in Augustof the same year at San Francisco, he waselected Commander-in-Chief of that body.Five candidates were before the session, allof whom were men of eminence and nationalreputation, and every one of whomwould have tilled the important and honorableoffice with credit.The General's prompt action in aid of theearthquake sufferers at Charleston, SouthCarolina, and his visit of late through theSouthern States has been the occasion ofmost favorable comment of the press of thewhole country.lie was every where cordiallyreceived by those who were formerlyconfederate soldiers and all the peo[)le whohad anything of a knowdedge of the beneficentcharacter of the G. A. R., gave him theright hand of fellowship. In may bo saidindeed that throughout the entire South hewas greeted with uniform courtesy by allclasses.The General was married in1840, and hasthree children. He occupies the houseerected by his father, some forty years ago.AV^ith a face indicating decision and franknessso plainly that no man can mistake, with aframe of medium size,but finely knit, activeand powerful, with a mind not so much addictedto letters of learning as to strenuousactivity of jjublic or private business, yetactuated by a gentiine respect for literature,art and science and those whose taste tend totheir cultivation;not given to subtile speculations,but simple, clear, just and decided inhis general views of men and things; directand positive of speech, and at times, especiallywhen busy, curt, with a soldierly bluntnesswhich njen do not dislike; destitute of allcant or affectation and of all the arts of demogogne;a radical believer in giving all menthe best chance that society can give; he isthoroughly patriotic, with mental executiveability, intelligent, prompt, energetic andincorruptible in the discharge of his publicduty: such a man isLucius Faircliihl.^. ^^ENRY C. ADAMS, of Madison, Danecounty, Wisconsin, was born in Verona,Oneida county, New York, November28, 1850, a son of B. F. and Caroline M.(Shephard) Adams, also natives of that place.Henry C, the only child, was brought by hisfather to Jefferson county. Wisconsin, at theace of si.\ months, where he was reared tofarm life. \1q first attended the commonschools, and in 1868 entered Albion Academy.After remaining there one year he attendedthe Wisconsin State University, beinga member of the class of 1874 during itsfreshman and sophomore years. Ill healtiicompelled him to drop hiscollege course forthree years, when he again entered the universityas a junior with the class of '70 butwas otdy able to remain one term. lie afterwardread law in the otlice of Gregory &

Finney, after which his health again failed,and next took a course in the Business Collegeof Madison. In 1875 he purchased afarm, and engaged in raising small fruits,also bought a numl)erDANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN.379of thoroughbred Jerseycattle and began the dairy business. In18S3 Mr. Adams was elected to the Legislature,in the Southeast Assembly District,receiving a majority of over 700 votes, wasre-elected in 18

380 BIOGHAPBICAI. REVIEW OFPaul Railroad as their claim agent and themanager of the commissary department inthe buying of wood and coal. He removedto the city of Madison in 1862, and has residedhere almost ever since he came to theState, excepting a few years in Stonghton.For the past six or seven years he has beenin no active business, and for five years hehas been a member of the Board ofSupervisorsofthe Sixth Ward of the city.The marriage of our subject took place inFryeburg, Maine, in December, 1852, toMiss Sarah E. Thomas, of Conway, NewHampshire, born in the same place. Theyhave had three children, Sarah, born January15, 1854, died Jnly 15, 1885; Alice, whowas spared for twenty-two years; and CharlesN., who passed away a man of thirty-fiveyears.For five years before the death of thelatter he filled the position of ticket agentfor the Northwestern Railroad Company atMadison, and died in April, 1890. He hadbeen born May, 1855, in Wisconsin. Alicewas born in Novetnber, 1858, in this State,and little Sarah in New Hampshire, January,1854.in politics our subject is a very out-spokenDemocrat. In religion he leans toward theUniversalist faith, believing firmly in thecarrying out of the Golden Rule inlife.P\ENRY WILSON, of Rlaek Earth, Dane\m\ county, Wisconsin, was born in Bethers-^Sis den, Kent county, England, July 15,1812, a son of Thomas and Frances (Hill)Wilson, natives also of that place. Theywere the parents of fifteen children, ten ofwhom lived to years of maturity, and twostill survive. One son was born in 1797, andis still living.Henry Wilson, the youngest child of thefamily, was reared on his father's farm, andreceived a good education. At the age oftwenty years hebegan working for himself.In March, 1837, he left his native countryfor America, sailing from London on thevessel Gladiator, and was five weeks and fourdays on the ocean. He settled first in Oriskany,New York, but in October, 1843,purchased eighty acres of land near BlackEarth, Dane county, Wisconsin, which heimproved. In 1880 he sold his farm, thenconsisting of 200 acres, and came to thiscity, buying seven acres of fine land. Mr.Wilson came to this State when itwas yet aTerritory, there having been not even awagon track where the city of Black Earthnow stands, and the city of Madison thencontained only two stores.There are but fewof the old families left who were then in thecounty. Mr. Wilson affiliates with theDemocratic party, has served as TownshipTreasurer two or three terms, and as amember of the Board of Supervisors severaltimes.He was married in England, October 22,1832, to Mary Homewood, who was bornwithin one mile of her husband's home,October 4,that place.1812. Her father was a farmer ofTo this union has been born tenchildren, namely: Alfred, born in England,is a farmer of Steele county, Minnesota;Charles, also a native of England, is a farmerin the same county; Ellen C. wife of JamesYoung, of Minnesota; Williatn II., born inNew York State, is also inthat State; JohnF. Wilson the first white child born inBlack Earth, is a speculator in real estate atWest Superior, Wisconsin; Eliza E., wife ofHomer Wardwell, a blacksmith of Minnesota:Martha, married, and resides in Black Earth;Emma Jane, wife of Frank Adams; a whole-

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 3S1sale merchant of Gunnison, Colorado. Onechild died on the voyage to America; andanother, Samuel, died at Black Earth, attheage of nine years. Three sons, Alfred, Charles,William, and the sun-ia-law, H. Ward well,were soldiers in the late war, and Mr. Wilsonalso spent several hundred dollars in thesupport of the cause.fUHNSCIILIMGEN, is one of the wellknown Cerman residents of Wisconsin.He is a large dealer in granite andmarble and isalso interested in insurance andreal estate.Our suhject was born near Colofrne, in aIlhinish province of Germany, AprilS, 1842.He is the son of John Schlimcren, wlio wasborn in Villa Bergheim, a Rhinish province.He grew up a tanner and was first inariiedin his native villa to Christina,who was born and reared in the same provinceand died in middle life, leaving three children,namely; JMathias, Engelbert and Sibilla.The two brotliers are married and live inSouth Dakota, the former in Ethan and thelatter in Mitchell. The sister is the wife ofLawrence Bowar, of Pine Blufl', a retiredfarmer. Our subject's father was a secondtime married, in his native place, to MarcrarethaJansen, who was born and rearednear the river Rhine and died in her nativeprovince, when about thirty- five years of age.She left our subject and a sister, Elizabeth,who is the wife of Mathias Schmitz, a lumberdealer, at Ethan, South Dakota. The widowedfather, with his children sailed from Antwerp,Germany, in1854, sailing on the (Mifton andlanding in JSew York November 18, of thesame year, after a voyage of forty-two days.The family came to Wisconsin immediately28and spent the winter south of Milwaukeeand the next spring came on to Dane county.Perry township, and here the father diedSeptember 29, 1871, aged seventy-six yearsthree months and live days. lie and botli hiswives were members of the Roman C/atholicChurch.Our suliject came to this county in 1855and remained on the farm until 18(38, whenhe came to the city of Madison, being thentwenty-one years of age. He began here byworking for $12 a month at whatever hecould get to do. He saved his money and in1867 he engaged in business on his ownaccount and dealt in wines anil liquors until1886. He has been (juite active in localmatters, has never sought office but has beenthree times elected Justice of the Peace.Hisgranite and marble business was started in1882, when he became the successor of JohnHendricks.Eor some eight years oui- subjecthad been connected with Mr. W. II. Alfordand in February, 1892, he associated withhim his son, Fred M., who is a practicalmarble-worker and designer and who nowhas full charge of the business.Our subjectis not a practical marble-worker himself, butbecame connected with the business in lielpingout another.For some time he has Ijeena real-estate dealer. He began in this city in1872 and since that has handled and transferreda large amount of real estate and hasbeen very successful. He has also, in themeantime, carried a great many of the old andreliable lines of insurance and has been oneof the live men of the city ami isone of the best of her German citizens.regarded asIn politics our subject is a true Democratand takes an active interest in behalf of hisparty. He is a member of St. Michael 1!(^nevolentSociety, a social order.Our subject was married in this city, to

382 BIUaiiAl'UlCAL HEVIKW OFMiss Amanda J.Heppner, who was born inYork, Pennsylvania, and was only four yearsof age, when her parents, Jacob and Barbara(Schumann) ileppner, settled in Madison andboth Mr. and Mrs. Heppner died whenstill in middle life. Mrs. Ileppner wasinstantly killed, in 1857, in her own house intliis city by a stroke of lightning. The strokedid not injure the house nor any othermember of the family seriously. The wife ofour subject has three sisters: Mary, wife ofWilliam Farrel, a retired business man ofthis city: Catherine, widow of E. Sturn, asuccessful and skillful maker of shoes, andresides in this city; and Elizabeth, wife ofJohn H. Starck, a successful contractor andmanufacturer of sashes and doors. Our subjectand his wife are the pai-ents of five livingchildren, namely: William E., an architect, athorough graduate of this country's andEuropean schools, passed the War Deparmentof the United States and is now a member ofthe staff of architects of the World's ColumbianExposition and has about thirtydraughtsmen under him, he lives in Chicagoand is a single man; Fred M. conducts themarble business for his father, is liis partnerand lives at home; Louisa K. is a skilledseamstress and lives at home; J. Michael; B.lives at home and is a printer by trade; andBertha S., a skillful seamstress resides athome. The ciiildren are all members, withtheir parents, of the Holy Redeemer CatholicChurch.ATTllEW H. GAY.—The subject ofthe present sketch has been living inthe city ofMadison since November1, 1851, prominently connected with tiiebusiness interests of this capital city. Boginninghere as a tailor on the bench, helater, in1857. went into the business of agriculture,by purchasing land in Fitchburgtownship, where he carried on farming until18()5. At that time he wtint to Milwaukee,Wisconsin, and there established a tailoringbusiness, which he conducted for fouryears,at the end of which tinie he came back toMadison and worked at his trade until theyear 1881, when he purchased his presentlocation, 302 State street, where he has sinceconducted a very successful business. Mr.Gay thoroughly understands his occupationand the demands of his trade:carrying onlyfirst-class goods, he has only first-class custom.His career has been a prosperous oneand he may regard it with pardonable prideas he has gained all himself, by his honestmethods and by his industry.By birth our subject is an Englishman,having first seen the light of day in Stroud,Gloucestershire, England, in 1827, coming ofpure English stock, a son of John and Ann(Harrison) Gay, natives of the same place,where they lived and died. The father wasbut a young man, only thirty-six years of age,when his useful life ended, having followe

When fourteen years of age our sulijectwas apprenticed to learn the trade of tailor,serving at it for seven years, then working asa iourneynian until he had earned enough tohrinir him to America. Leaving Bristol onthe sailing vessel the Java, he reached NewYork city after a voyage of forty-nine days,which was very rough and almost causedDANE VOUNTY, WISCONSIN.as;!theloss of the vessel and much hardship was experiencedby the passengers. From NewYork our snhject came on to Buffalo, NewYork, thence around the lakes to Milwaukee,landincr at four o'clock in the morning ofJune 17, with seventy-tive cents in his pocket,which his breakfast reduced to twenty-live.To a person of the enterprising kind that oursubject proved to be, this was not such a desperateStat 3 of affiiirs, for by seven o'clockthat same morning he had obtained work.Discouragements seemed to be just lyingaround waiting for Mr. Gay, notwithstandinghis happy name, for although he workedfaithfully until July 4, earning §17. all thatwas paid him was §2.25; and the next $10that he earned was lost by the defaulting ofa bank in which he had placed it for safekeeping.After eighteen months of work hehad managed to save §50, and then walked300 miles to lind a place which suited himfor a home. For a time he located at LakeMills, Wisconsin.The country around therewas but sparsely settled, entailing many hardships,and later he came into the city of Madison,where he has been very successful, ashe brought with him the same characteristicswhich nuide him friends and gave him workwhen he came into the country poor and astranger.Mr. Gay has taken a deep and active interestin all matters pertaining to the city andcountry since locating here. During therebellion he gave of his means for its suppression,an

384 BIOOliAPSICAL UK VIEW OFthence to Madison by wacjon. Mr. Fisclierat once entered IfiO acres of Governnieutland, in section 5, Montrose township, andalso purchased eighty-six acres ofland, all ofwhich was unimproved and covered with timber,lie built a log cabin and the familycommenced life in true pioneer style. Therewere no roads, and the nearest market wasMadison, sixteen miles distant, but he hadexpected hardshipsand difficulties as he hadbut little money when he came to the UnitedStates. He was a very hardworking^ man,persevering, industrious and economical, andgave his whole attention to farming andgained a competency before he died, in 1880,his wife surviving him ten years. They wereboth members of the Roman Catholic Church,and he found the Democratic party to bestagree with his political views. Five childrenwere born to Mr. and Mrs. Fischer, Sr.,three of whom grew tomaturity, as follows:Catharine, who is now the wife of FrankDuppler and resides in Montrose township;Barbara, wife of William ]\rinch, of thesame township, and our subject, who is theoldest of the three.Our subject attended t!«e district schoolsafter coming to the United Stales, and ablyassisted in clearing the farm. He resided athomo until ho was twenty-six years of age,when he took a trip East. He went to Philadelphia,I'ennsylvania, where he engaged inclerking for some time, then went to Tyrone,Pennsylvania, he engaged in the same occupation,but after three yearsresidence in theEast, he returned to Wisconsin, and establishedthe business at I'aoli, which he stillconducts, and has been Postmaster of thetown since 1866.Mr. Fischer also representsfour fire-insurance companies.He was married in 1867, to Miss EmiliaSitzipan, daughter of Peter and Anna MariaSitzman. then livincr in the city of Madison.She was born in West Point, New York, andaccompanied her parents to Wisconsin.and Mrs. Fischer have four children:Julia, now wife ofMr.Emma;Paul Krause, of Chicago;Irena and Anna. All of the children havebeen well educated. In jiolitics, Mr. Fischeris a Democrat, and has been called upon toserve in the offices of Town Treasurer andTownship Clerk, the former for a period ofseven years, and the latter for ten years.Twenty-five years of married life! have notchanged his love of humor, and he is stillfond of his jokes, and is a genial and entertaininjrgentleman.IPSON. PHINEAS BALDWIN, one of the\W\ leading and inllnential Kepulilicans of"^ithe city of Madison, was born in countyof Kent, Canada, December 4, 1824. Hisfather, David S. Baldwin, was born in Litchfield,Connecticut, whose father, PhineasBaldwin, was born in the same place. Thegreat-great-grandfather of our subject, JohnBaldwin, was a native of Europe and waskidnapped when a mere child; was broughtto America and sold for his passage. Hewas reared in Connecticut, where he was married;reared ten sons and finally died at theripe old age of 104. The great grandfatherof our subject spent his entire life in Connecticut.He reared three sons, all of whomserved in the Revolutionary war.The grandfatherof our subject married inConnecticut,from thence moved to Canada and settlednear Bellville, where he spent the remainderof his days. The maiden name of his wifewas Sarah Landon, a native of Connecticut,she die

DANE OOONTT, WISCONSIN. 385liis parents removed to Canada and locatedin Kent county, where David S. married andwas one of the first settlers of the county.He secured a tract of Government hmd inthe present locality of Clearville, onTalbot street. Here he built a log house,where our subject was born. At this timethere were plenty of wild game, such as deer,bears, etc., and there were no railroadstherefor years. The people subsisted on the wildgame and products of their land. After afew years the father built a frame house,cleared the land and resided in Canada until1849. He then came to Wisconsin and settledin Dane county, where he bought a tractof 600 acres of land in the town of OrefTon,on which he resided until his death. Themaiden name of the mother of our subjectwas Catherine Roome, born in Nova Scotia,of English ancestry. After the death of herhusband she returnedto Canada and residedwith her daughter until her death, at the ageofeighty-seven.The father of our subject kept public houseat Clearville for many years, and for seventeenyears had the contract to carry the mail,a part of the time from St. Thomas to Erie,and the remainder from St. Thotnas to Amherstburg.Our suliject was one of ten children andwas reared in his native county. The summerbefore he was thirteen years of age hebegan to carry the mail. He rode on horsebackfrom St. Thomas to Erie, a distance ofsixty-five miles, through a dense wood partof the way, with the wolves howling in hiswake. When he was eighteen years of agehe began to learn the trade of woodturner,and followed that for four years and thenengaged in farming and stage driving. In1854 he came to Dane county and engagedin farming until 1879, and in 1882 came toMadison, where he has resided continuouslyever since. A portion of the time he wasengaged in the sale of real estate, but is nowengag-ed in the sale of musical instruments.Our subject was marriecl in 1846 to MehitableYoung, born near Decoes P^alls,a daughter of Philip and Mary Young.Canada;Shedied in 1853, and in 1855 Mr. Baldwin wasmarried a second time, this marriage being toEliza M. Montgomery, born in Erie county,New York, daughter of Henry and MariaMontgoinerv.Mr. Baldwin has been an ardentRepublicanever since the formation of the party.His efforts forthe party have been rewardedby several offices, which he has tilled withsignal ability. Among the offices held Ijyhim are, Justice of the Reace, which officeheld for twenty-one years in the town of Oregonand two years iu the city of Madison;one term as Alderman in the city of Madison;fifteen years a member of the Town Board ofOregon ; eight years a member of the CountyBoard of Supervisors, and in 1870 was chosenSheriff of the county and served two years.In 1872 he was elected to the State Legislature,and so acceptably did he serve that in1877 he was returned to the same position bythe people of his district. In all the officesand citizen.^APTAIN-«J;^S-f|ihe has held he has proven himself a good official3f>-heWILLIAM HOGBIN, oneof the well-known residents ofthe cityof Madison, is the subject of our presentnotice. He carries on the business ofrepairing, dyeing and tailoring for the Universityat Madison, and with this is a practicalcarpenter, mechanic and harnessniaker.The present business was established some

386 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFfifteen years ago and is , now located at No.414 West Gilman street. Mr. Hoghin spentthree years on the bencli, and there learnedthe details of his business, and for the pasttwelve years has carried it on witli thegreatest success, winning the regard of notonly his customers, but also of the people ofthe city generally.Our subject was born in Dover, England,September 24, 1834, coming of good oldAnglo-Saxon stock, and is the son of Robertand Elizabeth (Monday) Hogbin, natives ofKent, Dover county, England, where theylived near neighborsto the great temperancelecturer, Gough. Robert llogbin grew upin his native county and passed many yearson the English race-course as a successfuljockey, and was one of the most daring ridersof either England or Wales in his day. Manytimes he was the driver selected by the Dukeof Wellington, andhas been a driver for thePlnglish Queen in Iier youthful days, as hisskill with a horse was widely known. Laterin life he became a reserve soldier underWellington, serving some time, l>ut later, in1853, with his wife and family, removed toAmerica. They left London on the sailingvessel, the " Prince Albert," landing inNewYork city in Jnne, going from there to Utica,New York. After the cliildren hail grown,the parents came as far west as l)ubuque,Iowa, where they both died, the father at theage of eighty-nine and the mother at the ageof eighty-one years. Mr. Hogbin was bornin 1792, the mother in 1791, and for manyyears they had been worthy members of theMethodist Church.A brother of our subject came to thiscountry early in life and was a soldier in thewar of the Revolution, 1796. William is theyoungest of a family of eleven children, ofwhom five are yet living. He was yet ayoung man when his parents came to thiscountry, and had learned his trade with hisbrother George in West London, serving anapprenticeship of nearly seven years, and aftercoming to the United States he followed histrade for one year inUtica and then engagedas a clerk in a market store for a term of twoyears, during which time he was married.The marriage of our subject took placewith Mrs. Catherine Knott, nee Tiffany, thewidow of Joseph M. Knott, a native of England,who had carried on a trade of harnessmaking,dying in the prime of life in Utica.New York, leaving his widow with threechildren. Walter S. and Albert W. Knottare both deceased. The former served in thelate war in Company D, Ninth Hlinois VolunteerC'avalry, came home, married and diedsome two years ago. The daughter of Mrs.Knott was Mary, now the widow ofStedman13. Farrier, of Michigan. She now lives inChicago, with her two daughters and oneson.Mr. Farrier served through the Rebellionwith Ct)mpany D. Fitth Michigan VolunteerInfantry, and entered as a student outof the State University.Our subject enlisted from Chicago. Illinois,in 1862, in Company E, Eighty-eiglith HlinoisVolunteer Infantry, as a tailor, being,however, soon put upon detached d\ity asregimental tailor, in what was well known asthe Second Board of Trade Regiment of Chicago.Mr. Hogbin took part in the battle atPerryville, Stone river, and was in manyother engagements, remaining in the servicefor nearly three years, being mustered outJuly 5, 1865. A full record of the militarycareer of our valiant subject can be foundthe Soldier's and Citizen's Album of theState of Wisconsin.inSince the war our subjecthas been a devoted citizen to the Union

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 387and tlieold flap; for which he fouirlit, and is aproniineut member of the C. G. WashburnPost, No. 11, of Madison, in whicli he hasheld the office of Chaplain three years and sixmonths, and has also been Officer of the Day.In his political opinions our subject is one ofthe stron|j;est of liepublicans.Mr. and Mrs.Hogbin attend the Congregational Church,are honest, upright people, and have manywarm friends in this city. Their one daughter,Elizabeth Jane, is the wife of Edwin M.Dorn, a member of the firm of Dorn Brothers,liverymen of this city.Dorn.)fAMES(See sketch of FrankDAVIE BUTLER, LL.D., wasborn in Rutland, Vermont, March 15,1815. His father, a merchant, had settledat that Green Mountain village in 1787,but was born in Boston, in which city hislineage has been traced as far as 1635, orfive years after itsfoundation.The suijject of this sketch was graduatedfrom Middlebnry College in1836, and aftera year at Yale, as post graduate, returned tohis Alma Mater as a tutor, andon the deathof one of the professors became an actingprofessor. In 1840 he finished the theologicalcourse at Andover, where he at once becameAbbott Resident, a sort of fellow.During the second year of his occupancy ofthis position he accepted an invitation to becomethe travelijig companion of Prof. E.A. Park on a Eurojjean tour.In 1842 Trans- Atlantic travel was a noveltyand somewhat adventurous. No onefrom Rutland, or Andover had ever beenabroad. The tourists embarked from NewYork, June 23, on a sailing packet and wereforty-seven days in reaching Ilambui'g.While in Germany they maile their tripsfoot and in the diligence. Their two chiefpedestrian tours were in the Ilartz mountainsand along the Rhine from Mainz to Bonn.They lingered in Cassel, Frankfort, Heidelbergand other cities, and then separated witha view to learn the language.Mr. Butler attended lectures in Jena, Berlinand Halle, but in January, 1843, set outfor Rome, halting at Dresden, Prague, Viennaand Venice on his way. He continuedin Rome, Naples, Florence and othei- Italiancities for five months, rambled six weeks inthe Alps, half as long in France and thenreached the British Isles. In this Britishdomain railroads were already comnnju,Mr. Butler was uoi too late for a ride ononbutthetop of a four-in-hand from Dover to GretnaGreen and far into Scotland. He reachedhome in time for a Thanksgiving dinner inNew York.Few persons had at that day made so extendedand leisurely a trip abroad, hence Mr.Butlei''s lectures on his travels were popular.Among his subjects were: the Architectureof St. Peter's at Rome; Naples and itsNeighborhood; Visits to Pompeii; AlpineWanderings; German Provincial Life; EuropeanPeculiarities;and one or more of theselectures he was called upon to deliver over300 times in, or near, New England. Duringthis European journey he had been a foreigncorrespondent for the New York Observer.Mr. Butler supplied the pulpits of twoCongregation Churches, in West Newbury,Massachusetts, and Burlington, Vermont, halfa year in each.In the fall of 1845 he becamea professor in Norwich University, Vermont,and acted as president after General Ransomdeparted for Mexico. At the end of twoyears, in 1847, he was installed pastor of the

388 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OPCongregational Church at Wells River, Vermont,and after a ministry of three years therehe was called to the church in South Danvers(now Peabody), Massachusetts, a pastoratewhich he left within about two years foranother in Cincinnati, where he remainedal)out the same length of time. The climatethere proving unhealthy to his family. Mr.I.utler, in 185-1, was inaugurated Professorof (ireek in Wabash College, Crawfordsville,Indiana. Uere he taught four years, untilthe ague of the Wabash valley rendered a callto a similar chair in the State University ofWisconsin irresistible. Here he taught fornine years, and then in 1867 bade farewell toprofessionalduties.In 18(53 Prof. Butler received the degreeof LL. D. from his Alma Mater. In 1847he had l)een elected a member of tlie NewEngland Historic (Trenealogical Society. Atthis time (1892) only four ofthose who hadbeen earlier members survive. Ever since1854 he has been a member of the AmericanAntiquarian Society, at Worcester, Massachusetts,and in 1892 his standing out-rankedthat of all others save si.\. Historical researchhas always been a favorite pursuit withMr. Butler and his two addresses before theVermont Historical Society were the first everpublished by that Association. One of thesewas delivered in the capitoi at Montpelier,while he was standing between two cannonstaken at Bennington, and just then, October20, 1848, restored Ijy Congress to Vermont.In preparing for this occasion Mr. Butler badfound the last survivor of those who hadfought at Bennington, seventy-one years before.The narrative of tliis veteran—ThomasMellen—was introduced into his speech byMr. Butler, and a copy of the whole was sentby the Legislature to every town in the State.While residingin Ohio and Indiana Prof.Butler gave addresses on historical subjects,and in 1870 he was invited to visit his nativetown, liutland, Vermont, to deliver a historicaladdress at its centenary, October 5.Rutland had become the second town in Vermontand her celebration was the finest thathad been witnessed in the State. From thetime of Prof. Butler's entry into Wisconsinhe has been an active member of the StateHistorical Society. Usually as an official ofsome kind, he has served during the past fewyears as a vice-president. He was the personwho discovered the Perkins collection ofcoppei- implements, aided in keeping thetn inthe State, and delivered an address in theca[)itol concerning them, which was illustratedby heliotypes. This address is sought for bypre- historic specialists the world over. Hispapers for the State Historical Society, collectionson the copper age, speeches on thesame topic in Washington before the AmericanPhilosophical Society, in Worcester beforethe American Antiquarian Society, werespecimens of his antiquarian researclies. Inthe department of American history he hasbeen equally interested.His monographs onthe naming of America, on portraits of Columbus,American Pre-revolutionary IJililiograpiiy,and Revolutionary Thunder may bementioned. Among his published sermonsare his farewell disclosure at Danvers, anotherat the burial of General Ransom, who hadbeen killed at the storming of Chepultepec.Some of his educational pul)lications were:Incentives to Mental Culture among Teachers,an address in Troy, New York, 1852, beforethe American Institute, 5,000 copies of whichwere printed by that association for gratuitousdistribution; How a Dead Language Makes aLive Man; or a Defense of Classical Study, beforethe National Association at Detroit, andCommonplace Books, a lecture written after

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 389he had himself ke])t one for a quarter of acentury, and which was declared by no meanscoinmonpiace in half of States of the Union.In addition to thesehave appeared inproductions, his articlesvarious periodicals, Lippincott,Bibliotheca Sacra, the Wisconsin Academyand the Genealogical Register for manyyears. More than a hundred of his articleshave been published in the New York Nation,and more than a thousand others, partlyletters during his journeys and more of themon his diversified studies, printed in lioston,New York, Chicago and Cincinnati, he haspreserved in nine octavos of clippings.Two of his long vacations Prof. Butlerspent in Hartford, Connecticut, and therewrote nearly all the letter-jiressof a volumeof399 pages, entitled " Armsmear,— the Home,Arm and Armory of Colonel Samuel Colt,"a splendidly illustrated memorial brought outby liis widow. In 1888 Prof. Butler publishedButleriana, a genealogy of the descendantsof Mary Butler and the families withwhich they had intermarried. His pampldetson Nebraska, onward from 1869, had no smallinfluence in turning thestream of migrationin that direction. His paper on the Hapa.xLegomena, or woi-ds used once for all inShakespeare, was every where recognized as anew departure in Shakespearian study and hasoften been reprinted in New York, Philadelphia,etc.On the one hand Prof. Butler has alwaysbeen a recluse student, abookworm; at othertimes he has abjured books for years. As aboy he walked 150 miles to climb MountWashington. In 1842-'43 he rambled overEurope for eighteen months.In 1867-'68 herepeated those early rambles and extendedthem to regions not before penetrated, asSpain, Poland, Russia, Turkey, Greece, Palestineand Egypt. On this journey he spentthirty days in a Syrian saddle, and more thantwenty journeying up the Nile.In 1878-'79and 1884 he made two other European toui's.Nor was he neglectful of American travel; in1869 he went to California and the Yosemitevalley and during the trip was aguest in tenUnited States forts west of the Missouri river.At this time he voyaged to the Sandwich Islandsin a sailing vessel, and while therewent to the bottom of the crater ofKelauea,the largest known volcano. At the openingof the Northern i'acitic, in 1883, be first sawOregon and went through Puget sound intoBritish Columbia,(^n his way West he had,with three companions, explored YellowstonePark. These pioneers slept thirteen nightson the ground, unsheltered l.>y tents. Earlyin 1883 he turned his attention southwestand traveled through Te.xas inMexico, and in1887 he spent the winter in Cuba and Florida,with a sojourn in Charleston jnst after theearthtjuake. Thus by degrees this wanderertrod the soilof every existent State as well asthe Territories that were to round out theforty-four.The ilesire and love for travel grew withthe gratifications it afforded until in -luly,1890, nothing would satisfy Dr. Butler but atrip round the world. At this date he startedto put Puck's gii'dleround the earth; not inforty minutes, however, but in seventeenmouths.Ileaching Vancouver by the Canadianroute, and failing of a Pacific steamer hetraveled 1,100 miles to San Francisco by theShasta railroad. Embarking on the Belgic,August 12. he landed at Yokohoma, on the28th. From there he went to Kamakura,Tokio, Utsonomia, Nikko, Chu-Sen-Zee, Nagoya,Kioto, Kobe, Nagasaki. Voyagingthrough the Inland and Yellow seas he arrivedin Shanghai. He then pushed up theYang-tse-Kiang to Wu-hu, Chin-Kiang, Kiu-

390 BIOORAPHICAL REVIEW OFKiang. and Han-Kow.He was also severalweeks in southern China, tonehincr atMacao,Ilong-Kong and Canton. He was the firstWisconsin man seen by the American Consul,who had been there ten years. In passing toCeylon he touched at Sini^apore andPenan^,went up a Ceylonese mountain to Candy andPerendenia. His landing in India was atTutticorin. In the south he saw Madura,Trichinopoly, Tanjore, Kumbiconam andMadras. Tiience he sailed to Calcutta andthen railed to the foot of Mount Everest, thehif^hest peak in the Himalayas. Returningto the Ganges he lingered in the cities of thegreat Moguls, Benares, Lucknow, Agra, Fatepur,Delhi, Jaypore, Amber, Ahmadabad, andtlius reached Bombay. A voyage as long asfrom New York to Liverpool brought him toIsmailia. As he had been there before hehad already swung round the great circle, buthe went up the Nile again with double zest,and explored many unbeaten paths in Greece,Sicily and Italy. After hasty surveys of theAlps, Germany and France he began his longestvoyage in time This was from Hull toStavanger, Bergen, Drotheim, Molde, Tromsoeand Ilammerfest to the North (^ape. Hethus walked about in the most northern townsof the world, and thanks to clear weatlier,beheld the midnight sun at its fullest andbest. This world-circling begun at the ageof seventy-six, was performed without anytraveling companion. It brought him intoregions where cholera was rife and he oncefell down as if deadfrom sunstroke, but thetrip was accomplished without sickness or accident.Tlie happy rover daily met new friends,wlio made his world wider, or old ones, whomade it warmer. He also seemed to rejuvenateand his advice to every friend was, " Gothou and do likewise. "Prof.Butler was married in 1845, to Anna,daughter of Rev. Joshua Bates, for more thantwenty years president of Middiebury College,chaplain of Congress, etc. Professorand Mrs. Butler lost a young daughter inMassachusetts and a son by cholera in Cincinnati,but four of their children survive.Mrs. Butler died at Superior, Wisconsin,June 9, 1892, and was buried in Madison.fOHN C.MILLER, a prominent and influentialfarmer ofFitcliburg township,Wisconsin, was born in Springfield,Windsor county, Vermont, March 22, 1826.His father, also John Miller, was born inGrafton, Worcester county, Massachusetts,and his father, James H. Miller, was, as faras is known, a native of the same town. Thefather of James, the great-grand father of oursubject, was a farmer and spent his lastyears in the town of Grafton. Here Jameslived after him on thefarm his industry hadreclaimed from the wilderness, and the formerwas a brave soldier in tiieRevolutionarywar. In about 1805, however, the old lifegrew too restricted for James Miller and heremoved, with teams, to Vermont, where hewas a pioneer of the town of Springfield.The trip from Massachusetts to Vermontwas a hard one, as it was made in the winterseason. Mr. Miller had traded his farm inthe former State for one at Springfield, andhere he spent his last days witii his faithfulwife,whose maiden name was Lncy Pratt, anative of the same town as her husband.Tlic father of our subject was only tenyears of age when his parents removed toVermont, and there he was reared and marriedto Statira Booth, born in Lempster, NewHampshire, in 1792, daughter of Jonathanand Sally (Scott) Booth. Mr. Miller served

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 391in the war of 1812 and resided in Springfielduntil 1850, when he came to Wisconsinand bought a tract of land in section 35,P'itchburg township. In 1879 lie sold thisfarm and bought a farm in section 36, onwhich lie resided until his death, whichlamented event occurred when he was ninetyyears of age.Our subject was reared and educated inSpringfield and resided there until 1840,when he removed to Lansingburg, NewYork, and was engaged in a floor-cloth factoryuntil 1848, when he removed to NewHampshire and remainecl a few months,when he returned home and pursued his tradeof blacksmith until 1850, when he came toWisconsin, viaTroy, New York, and on theErie canal to Euffalo, where he took a steamerto Milwaukee, and from there made thejourney with team to Dane county, where heengaged in farming with his father andbrother-in-law, Franklin Sutton. He was inpartnership with them for many yeai's. Henow owns a tine impnjved farm of 116 acreson section 30, Fitchbiirg township, where hecarries on general farming and stock-raising.Mr. Miller was married in 1856 to MissAdelia M. Waite, native of Napoleon, Henrycounty, Ohio. Three children have beenborn to these parents: Alice I., J. W. andW. E. Mr. and Mrs. Miller are members ofthe Methodist Episcopal Church, and Mr.Miller is an ardent Republican in politics.|AMUEL HAWLEY,a farmerof section5, Berry township, Dane county, Wisconsin,was born in Barnsley, Yorkshire,England, in 1830, a son of Samuel andHannah (Cherry) Hawley. The mother wasa daughter of Thomas Cherry. The paternalgrandfather of our suliject,William Hawley,came to America in a very early day, wherehe engaged in farming. While in the oldcountry he followed gardening. His deathoccurred in St. Louis at about eighty yearsof age, leaving a large estate. He was thefather of three daughters and two sons. In1845 Samuel Hawley, the father of our subject,came to America to look after hisfather's estate, sailing from Liverpool toBoston on the St. Petersburg, an Americancraft. They were six weeks on the ocean,and encountered a field of icebergs and severalsevere storms. In one of the latter, awhirlwind, they had a most miraculousescape. They came to the second field of ice,eighty-five miles long, and on which couldbe seen polar boars and seals. The Hawleyscame in company with three other families,relatives, and they all landed without money.After landing in Boston they went i)y rail toAlbany, by canal to Buffalo, by the lake toMilwaukee, and then by hired teams to Berrytownship, Dane county, Wisconsin. Thefirst winter the Hawley family lived on oneof the Emigration and Society Farms, thenrented a place near l)y, and in the spring of1849 purchased 100 acres in this township,where the father died in January, 18(50, agedabout fifty-five years, ami the mothei- in 1881,at the age of seventy-six years. At their deaththey left six children, viz.: William, afarmerof this county; Thomas, engaged inagricultural pursuits in South Dakota; Jane,who died in Minnesota at the age of fortysixyears, was the wife of Augustus Barnes;Sa'.nuel, our subject; John, engaged in farmingnear the home place; and Mary, wife ofReuben Witcher, also a farmer of thiscounty. One daughter, Sarah, died at theage of three years.Samuel Hawley, the subject of this sketch.

392 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFwas married April 8, 1861, to Miss MaryFord, a native of England, who came toAinerica about the same time as Mr. Hawley.They beiran married life in a part ofthe present home, a log house. To thisunion was born seven children, as follows:Ernest W., aged thirty years, is a farmer inNebraska; Herbert W., a farmer of Springfieldtownship, Dane county, married MissEugenia Ford and has onedaughter; Asa, athome; Viola Mary, who has been engaged iuteaching for three years; Corn(4ia J., wifeof Edgar Ford, has two sons, and they residewitli her father; Nellie B., aged sixteenyears, is at home; and Fred S.,aged fourteenyears. The mother of these children diedJune 10, 1884, aged forty-seven years.Mr.Ilawley is a stanch Republican in his politicalviews, and has served as Supervisor ofthe Side Hoard one term. Religiously, hehas been a member of the Methodist Churchfor the past thirty-eight years, of which denominationhis wife was also a member.The home of our subject is most delightfullyembowered, islocated near the native woods,and the shade trees, consisting of cedarbalsam, Norway spruce and Scotch fir,were planted by his own hands. One famousnative burr oak was planted when aslendersapling. The old log house built by him ofhewed logs is still a safe shelter from thecold blasts of a Wisconsin winter, and is nowan addition to the new frame dwelling.^. E^[EORGE L. FRANCIS, a prominentcitizen of Wauiiakee, Wisconsin, wasborn in Essex county. New York, June7, 1830. His father, Stephen, a farmer ofNew York was the son of Samuel Francis,who died in Erie county, Pennsylvania, atthe home of one of his sons. He was thefather of four sons and two daughters, all ofwhom reared families of their own. Thegrandfather and grandmother lived to oldage and are buried in Franklin township,Erie county, Pennsylvania. The father ofour subject married in Essex county, NewYork, Charlotte Allen, of that place, adauirhter of Adna Allen, a farmer of tliatcounty, who died in Erie county at the homeof our subject's parents. They moved toErie county in the summer of 1834, when hewas but four years old, and being in humblecircumstances they bought l)ut a small farm.The brothers, Levi. William, Alvin andStephen, were all soldiers in the war of IS 12.Our subject was one of eleven children,being a family of seven daughters and foursons. One son and one daughter died in infancy,and one son, Philip, died at the ageof eleven years, killed by a tree accidentallyfalling upon him.and four sisters are still living.Cyrus S.,Mr. Francis, of this sketch,His brother,was a volunteer in the Eighty-thirdPennsylvania Infantry, was wounded at thebattle of the Wilderness, taken prisoner, andabout a month later was exchanged, but diediu the hospital at Philadelphia. His woundwas in the foot, having been caused by theexplosion of a shell. The foot was amputatedby rebel surgeons and after his exchangeanother ojieration was performed, bywhich part of his limb was removed, but hislife could not be saved and he died in theprime of maniiood, aged twenty-six years.The mother died in 1852, aged forty-eightyears, and the father died about 1878, agedeighty.Mr. Francis was reared at home on thefarm, attended the district schools during thewinter, became fairly proficient in the commonbranches, and at the age of eighteen he

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. Milearned the tanner's trade,but only worked atthis tliree years. He taught the districtschool one winter inPennsylvania.Mr. Francis was married at the age oftwenty-two years to Miss Sally T. Fish, adaughter of Asahel and Mary (Lane) Fish,natives of Vermont.Mrs. Francis was bornin Canada, June, 1827. She was taken tt)Crawford county, Pennsylvania, Ijy her parentsat the ag-e of seven years, and four yearslater they moved to Erie county, Pennsylvania,where she met her fate and was married, asabove noted, July 4, 1852, by Elder Bullock ofthe Christian Church. They began housekeepingthere, and in September. 1853, came toSheboygan, Wisconsin, by water, bringingtheir own team and wagon, in which theybrought their household effects to Dekorra,Columbia county, Wisconsin, where theybought eighty acres of wild land, with acomfortable log house and five acres partlycleared and broken. They lived here elevenyears, and during this time cleared the mostof it and built a frame house. They thensold out for$800, which was but a small advance,having paid $350 and made the improvements.They moved to Westport townshipin the fall of 1864, i)uying eighty acres,one-half mile north of the present village ofWaunakee, which was not thought of, norstarted until some seven years later. Theypaid $2,200 for this farm, which was undercultivation, with fair buildings, and four andone-half years later they bought eighty acresmore, adjoining, for 83,000, or $37.50 peracre. On this farm they resided until 1880,when they sold it at an advance of $700, andIjought eighty acres just west of it for §2,500.To this place they moved and lived five years,then bciugbt land in the village, on whichthey erected the present nice home. Oneyear later Mr. Francis sold his farm for$4,000. Where ever he has lived he hasbeen a jirominent man. While residing inDukorrali he served the township as TownClerk for seven years, and in Westport,while on the fai'm he was Assessor one year,and Treasurer and Collector one term.From1887 to 1891 he was a Justice of the Peace.For many years he has been an Odd Fellow.Mr. Francis is a Republican ami has a greatadmiration for the grand oldparty.Mr. and Mrs. Francis buried their infantson, Frank L., in Erie county, Pennsylvania.They have one son and one daughter living,namely: George R., and Ella M.The formermarried Mary Boyle, daughter of JosephBoyle, of Onalaska, Wisconsin. He is a railroatlagent, at Merrillon, on the St. Paul &Omaha, and they have two sous and twodaughters, namely: George J., Arthur Blaine,Alice L. and Saidie Francis. Ella is thewife ofE. M. Demming, an attorney at-law,at Marshfield, Wisconsin. They have oneson, Wayne Edgar.Mrs. Francis was one of eleven cliihlrcn,the middle one of the tlock, as her husliaudhad been in his family. She has two brothiTsand tliree sisters living, namely: AsahelFijh, a minister inthe Christian Church, advancedin years and retired, resides inMitchell county, Iowa; Betsy M.. is the widowof James F. Luther and resides in Milwaukee;Marshall S., is a farmer of VVyocena,Wisconsin; Emily, the wife of AugustusMoulton, resides at l\)ynette, Wisconsin, andMary is the wife of John Kline, a farmer ofMitchell county, Iowa. The parents of theseare resting side by side in the Dekorrah cemetery.The mother died at the age of eightyfour,in 1884, and the father, in April, ISSIJ,in his ninety-ninth year. He was a ministerin the Christian Church, and traveled in thatconnection for forty years, when this meant

394 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFmuch labor and privation and very smallpay. lie was a pensioner of the war of 1812;was a man of great strength of body andmind and preserved his faculties to the last,and died at the home of his daughter inPortage.^ENIIY M. LEWIS, a successful juristr^ of Madison, was born in Cornwall, Ad-"^i dison county, Vermont, September 7,1830, a son of Martin and Sophia (^Russel)Lewis, natives respectively, of Cornwall, Vermont,and Tolland, Connecticut. Henry M.was reared on his father's farm inthe formerState, and received the advantages of a districtschool education.In April, 184G, he removed with his parentsto Wisconsin, and located with them inthat year in what is now Burke township,Dane county, Wisconsin, and followed farminguntil the fall of 1850, when he enteredthe University of Wisconsin, where he remained,however, but one term, and taughtschool during the winter of 1851. At thattime the total enrollment of pupils in theuniversity was only al)out thirty, of all agesand grades.In the spring of 1851 Mr. Lewis beganreading law with the tirin of Vilas tt Remington,later with Collins, Smith & Keyes,and was admitted to the bar in October,1853. He first spent one year at Hudson,St. CJroix county, Wisconsin, where lie was amember of the law lirm of Semnies, McMillanit Lewis, but in 1854 he returned toMadison, where he has since engaged in theactive practice of law and as a member of thefollowing law firms:Lewis & Lathrop, Ainsworth.Johnson & Lewis, Stevens & Lewi?;,Stevens, Lewis & Flower, Lewis, McKenney«fe Teuney, Lewis, Lewis & Hale, Lewis &Harding, Lewis & Pfund, and he is at presenta member of the firm of Lewis & Hritrgs.Politically, he affiliates with the Republicanparty; was District Attorney of Danecounty from 1861 to 1863; Collector of InternalRevenue for the Second CollectionDistrict of Wisconsin from 1867 to 1873;United States District Attorney for theVVesternDistrect of Wisconsin from 1877 to1785; he has served three terms as Aldermanin Madison, one year of which he wasPresident of the Common Council; a directorof tlie Free Library since its organizationin 1873, and was for several years Presidentof the Board of Directors; has been a memberof the Board of Education for twelveyears, and is now President of the Board.He was admitted to the Supreme Court ofthe United States in May, 1875, and is a memberof the American Bar Association. Heis tlie author of the AVisconsin section of thework entitled " The Law of IncorporatedCompanies Operating Under Municipal Franchises,"published by Allen R. Foote, ofWashington, D. C, and Charles E. Everett,of Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1892.Durinsj the winter term of 1892 he lecturedon Equity Jurisprudence in the lawschool of the University of Wisconsin, inplace of the Hon. I. C. Sloan, who was absenton account of illhealtii.Mr. Lewis was married September 1, 1858,to Charlotte E. Clarke, a native of Carbondale,Pennsylvania, a daughter of Addisonand Cynthia M. (Arnold) Clarke. To thisunion has been born three children, viz.:Lottie Breese, deceased, wife of William H.Holmes, of Janesville, AVisconsiu; JessieRussel, wife of Rev. Lloyd Skinner, of EauClair, Wisconsin; Sophia M., Librarian of

DANE COUNTY, WltiCONSlN. 395the f^-ee Library of Madison. Mrs. Lewisdied inAugust, ISS-i.In religion, Mr. Lewis is a ITuitarian, andan active member, and one of the Trustees ofthe First Unitarian Society of Madison, andhe is President of tlie Wisconsin Cotiferenceof Unitarian and other liberal churches.The city of Madison, like most westerncities, in its earlier history, undertook to aidinthe building of railroads, whose lines cameto or passed througii the city, and for that andother municipal improvements, issued itsbonds to au amount beyond its ability topay, and it was compelled to default in thepayment of the interest on its bonds as it becamedue, and the city was in such a financialcondition as to seriously injure the townand prevent its future development. It wasfor the purpose of devising some means ofextricating the city from its difficulties thatMr. Lewis was solicited by liisfellow-citizensand consented to be elected to the office ofAlderman. lie devoted several years to thedifficult task of placing the city upon a soundfinancial basis. He, witii the assistance ofothers, prepared and pi'ocured thepassage ofthe needed legislation, thorough revision ofthe charter to enablethe city to compromiseand li(iuidate its then indebtedness, and toprevent the incurring offuture indebtednessbeyond its ability to promptly pay; and he,with the late Hon. J. C. Gregory, was appointedby the Common Council agent of thecity to visit the creditors of the city, mostlyresiding in the Eastern States, to adjust andcompromise their claims against the city, awork which was successfully accomplished,and the city was relieved of the financial incubuswhich was destroying itsprosperity.Mr. Lewis is distinguished for his abilityas a trial lawyer, ami he is particularly strongbefore a jury. Possessing in an eminent degreemental acuteness, he addresses himselfto the turning point in the case. He is notedespecially for the candid andstraightforwardmanner in which he addresses courts andjuries, making his forensic effortsconvincingand effectual, and him an opponent to be respectedi)y opposing counsel.Upon the death of the Hon. Alva Stewart,Judire of Ninth Judicial Circuit of the Stateof Wisconsin, al>out January 1, 18'J0, Mr.Lewis was the choice of a large majority ofthe lawj'ers of the circuit as his successor,but the then Governor of the State, inwhomthe appointment was vested, for personal andother I'easons, refused to make the appointment.allStrictly faithful to trusts and honorablehis dealings, and of a generous and genialdisposition, he deservedly enjoys a high degreeof popularity among histALVINinfellow-citizens.FLOWER, a farmer and stockraiserof section 24, west one half.^jsf^ northwest one quarter, was born inAsbfield, Massachusetts. His great-grandfather.Lemroek Flower, was a native ofConnecticut, but resided in Ashfiehl, Massachusetts.William, grandfather of subject,was born in dinnecticut, but lived and diedin Asbfield, Massachusetts. The fatlier ofour subject, Phineas, was a native of Ashfield,Massachusetts, where he engaged infarmincr, and married Rebecca Jones. Heand his wife had nine children, two tif whomare now living. The names of the (diildrenare: Julia E., Calvin, Chester, Lucretia.Wealthy, Clarissa, James, Benjamin andMary Ann. The two now living are: JamesP., in Greeley, Colorado; and the subject ofthis sketch.

396 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFOiir subject remained with his parentsuntil the age of twenty-four, attending thedistrict schools, with a term at theacademy,previous to his eighteenth natal day, afterwhich time he became a travelini; salesman,making trips tlirough ^'ew York, >

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 3'Jteeiiyears of age he learned the cooper tradeby apprenticing himself. Jainiary 10. 1828,he was married to Mary Dewey, of Massachusetts.He owned a farm and lie and iiiswife engaged in labor upon it until 1847,when they crossed the country with teamsand wagons toI)anc county, Wisconsin, settlingin Medina township, September of thatyear. In all, Mr. Parsons worked at histrade of cooper for about forty years, as healso pursued it at a town in Ashtabulacounty, Ohio, for about seven years.When the family crossed the plains, thetrip occupied thirty-one days, and tiie partyconsisted of seven persons. After arrivalMr. Parsons purchased village property inMarshall, and moved on it with his family.lie also bouirht land near the villacre, whichhe improved, and this land is now owned byhis son, the subject. There were three childrenby his first marriage, and two by hissecond, namely: William K.; Nancy F., wifeof J. C. Cummins, of Brookings county, SouthDakota; and Ann D. T., wife of John Hart,of Buffalo county, Wisconsin. By the secondmarriage:Harriet M., wife of Edward Hart;and Fannie E., wife of George E. Alien, aveterinary surgeon of Fort Atkinson, W^iseonsin.Our subject was rearedupon the farm, andattended the district school until he wastwenty-three years of age, when he was marriedto Ann Hart, September 12, 1852, andthen removed to a farm in Medina township,where he resided until1887, when he rentedhis farm for four years and removed toMarshall,where he may now Ite found. Hisfarm in Medina he subsequently sold.The children of Mr. and Mrs. Parsons areas follows:Orlando, married Emma Robbius,of Wisconsin, and one child has been bornto them: they now reside in Los Angeles,27California, where he pursues his trade ofcarpenter; Mary E., at home; Charlie, ileceased,February 5, 1889, was married toMinnie Deiger, who died November 12,188'J, leaving a child. Ruby, who is nowliving with her grandfather; Laura iS ., marriedto Gus Kiser, of Marshall, and has oneeiiild, Carl; and Fannie E., wife of ClarenceCole, ofMarshall, who has one child.Mr. Parsons is a Republican, and has been[jrominently identified with the interests ofthe township. He has held the office of Supervisora number of times;has been Treasurertwo terms, and has been largely instrumentalin the benefiting of tlie educationalinterests of the townshiji, having served asdirector of the township. Mr. Parsons' firstwife died August 24,1883, on the farm, onemile south of Marshall, and is buried in theMarshall cemetery. Mr. Parsons was againmarried, January 28,1885, toLaura P. ('pie,whose parents were from ()hio, and locatedin Wisconsin in 1844, making their first settlementin Medina township, on a farm, onsection 2, where the mother still resides.The father died about 1884.Mr. Parsons is one of the old representativesof the town and county, and is alwaysrea

398 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFcounty. New York, September 28, 1840.Tliree years after the family moved to Wisconsiuand settled near White Water. Hisfather and two uncles were all Jackson Democratsand the boy was early trained in tiieway he should go. He attended the publicschool untilhe was fifteen years old and thenlearned the printer's trade in tlie office of theW hite Water Kegister and afterward he boughtan interest in the Jefferson county Republicanat Jefferson county, Wisconsin, and afterselling his interest he went to Madison toset type in the Madison State Journal.While there he enlisted as a private in theFourth Cavalry and came home after the waras a Second Lieutenant.When he returned ro the State he startedthe Ripon Representative and afterward soldit and went to New York, where he workedas one of the editors of Pomeroy's Democrat.After this he went to La Crosse, where hebought au interest in the Democrat, helpedto run itfor a time and then retired to establishthe Sun. While in La Crosse he wasChief of Police for one year and was chiefclerk of the Democratic Assembly foi' 1874.In 1878 he moved the Sun to Milwaukeeand made the first permanent success of hislife. The paper had a phenomenal growthand reached 80,000 weekly circulation at onetinie. He did not lose his head, but quietlybought real estate with the profits, so thatwhen the tide turned again he had enough tokeep himself and family in comfort withouttlieinconvenience of being a millionaire.In 1860 Governor Peck was married toMiss Francena Rowley, of Delavan, Wisconsin,and they have two children, George W.Peck, Jr., and Roy, a school boy. Thereare also grandcliildren in the family and it iswith tliese tiiat the executive really enjoyshimself.George W. I'eck will be more generallyknown perhaps as a humorous writer than asa politician. He is unique as an editor.For ten years he was regarded as one of themost original, versatile and entertainingwriters in thecountr}'. The bad boy sketchesare by no means the best things that be haswritten, l)Ut to describe the subjects whichhave been given a comical aspect byhis fertilepen would be describing the colors ofthe rainbow.Every phase of country newspaperlife, the army, domestic experience,travel and city adventure has been sketchedl)y his vivid imagination and restless Faber.Governor Peck was never financially on hisfeet until he made his success in Milwaukee.He is too fond of bis old-time friends and toogenerous to the needy meml)ers ofthe pressto become rich unless his income was verylarge. Peck's sunshine is not all in print.His humor isspontaneous and tlie divine afflatusnever fails to work. In everything hedoes he bubbles over with fun. GovernorPeck is now fifty-two years old, blonde in complexionand inclined to portliness in figure,rather above medium size, good looking andtakes as naturally to Statedinners as a duckto water. At the same time there is no lackof dignity and few States in the Union canpresent better appearing governors. He hasalways been a Democrat and voted his partyticket in State and Nationalhis first vote forelections exceptpresident, which he east forLincoln, while in the army in 1804. His paperwas never given to politics, but its editorpersonally acted with the party on all occasions.During the Hancock campaign in1880, he was chairman of the county and citycommittees and inthe campaign of 1884 and1888, he was one of Mr. Cleveland's enthusiasticadmirers. So well lias Governor Peckplea.sed the people of his State in the man-

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 3SJ9atreiuent of the affairs ofthe commonwealthtluit at the last Wisconsin State Convention,held at Milwaukee, August 31,1892, he wasunanimously nominated to succeed himselfas Governor ofthe State, and at the ensuingelection in November he was elected by agood majority over his opponent, receiving178,095 votes, tbe largest vote ever given toany candidate for office in the State.^^I^ON. PETER FAGG, a temperance lecturerand solicitor for various reliijiousand educational works, has been aresidentof the city of Madison for many years.He lirst came to this place in 1853, then ayonng man, soon after graduating from theSpencerian College of Madison, where he hadtaken a business course, and later he went toMilwaukee, where he engaged himself as ateacher in the public schools. Here he remainedfor about two years in the suburbantown of Bethlehem. Durintr this time hewas married in the vicinity of Milwaukee, toMiss Mary Tillema. She was born in Holland,in 1842, a daughter of D. M. andCatiieriiia (De Vries) Tillema, who werenativesof Vriesland, Holland, where they wei'efarmersIn 1854 the father of Mrs. Fagg emigratedto America witli the family on a sailingvessel,landing in New York, whence they camedirectly on toMilwaukee via canals and lakes.They settled in Milwaukee, and aft;er sonieyears the parents moved to Columbia, Danecounty, Wisconsin, settling at Randolph C^enter,where they died at the ages of seventyand seventy-nine years. All their maturelives they were members of the Dutch ReformedChurch. They had l)een hard working,good, honest Dutch farmers.Our subject is of Holland birth, that eventhaving taken place in the province of Zeeland,in the Isle of Walcheren, in the Kingdomof the Netherlands, January 14, 1837, ason of Captain John Gerardes Fagg, whocame of Scotch and English ancestry. Hewas a ship owner and sailor, and also owneda large grocery business in Vlissengen, atwhich place he met and married Miss SarahJacolia Smith. She was born and reared inthat city and had come of English and Dutchstock and of a prominent family of the place.After marriage Captain Fagg engaged inactivebusiness as ship owner and sailor andalso encraged inextensive mercantile transactionsuntil his death, which occurred whenhe was in tlie prime of life, only thirty-fouryears of age. He was an active meml)er ofthe Methodist Church and was one who exerciseda good influence in his community, alwaysupright in his dealings with all. liewas also a member of the Masonic fraternity.He had never learned the Dutch language,speaking only English.After the death of her husband Mrs. Faggmanaged the business for about seven years,when she again married, this husband beingHon. F. T. Zetteler, whose father was the,royal tailor. A few years after marriage thewhole family came to the Uniteil States, taking passage at Antwerp and coming on asailing ship that landed them at New Yorkcity after a voyage of'Some weeks. The nextmove was to AUtany and then l)y canal andlakes to Milwaukee, landing July 3, 1848,and there they settletl down on a farm. In1853 Mr. Zetteler brought his family to Madison,here establishing himself as a generalmerchant. The mother and children conductedthe store and the father l>ecame attacliedto the official offices of the State, beingengaged in that of the Secretary of State and

400 BIOGHAPHICAL liEV/EW OFlater in tliat of Register of Deeds. At thesame time our subject was employed in theottice of ex-Governor Farwell and allseemedto be prospering when a great calamity, in1858, befell them. A fire destroyed all ofre-their property and after this Mr. Zettelermoved to Milwaukee.Reaching that city the stepfather of oursubject engaged in the real-estate business,but soon his ability as a statesman was recognizedand three times he has been elected amember of the State Assembly, liis districtbeing known as the old JMinth Ward of Milwaukee.He has always been a iirm Democrat.Both Mr. and Mrs. Zetteler are living,aged respectively eighty-two and eighty-one,and both are well preserved mentally andphysically.In their religious views both belongto the Presbyterian (Miurch.A few years after marriage our subject removedto Fond du Lac county, Wisconsin,and remained there from 1861 to 1867, beingengaged there as a clerk in a generalstore. During this time he was made Justiceof the Peace of Alto andwas Supervisorof the same place for two terms. In 1865he was appointed as guard of the State prisonersby Hon. Henry ('ordier.In 1867 he wentback to Milwaukee and was there engaged inthe duties of several municipal offices, such asDeputy Sheriff, and was, in 1874, elected tothe General Assembly on the Democraticticket and was re-elected on the Independentticket in 1875. After his term of serviceexpired in the Legislature he wasurged by Governor William E. Smith to takea place in the land office, and this positionhe held for nine years, but in 1886 he wasnot reappointed on account of his religiousand temperance convictions.Having been a total abstainer many 3'ears,our subject felt that he could not speak andpray one way and vote another. Since thattime he has not taken any special interest inpolitical matters other than as a lecturer forthe cause of Prohibition. Mr. F&ss is ageneral agent for books and Bililes. He hasbeen a prominent member of the IndependentOrder of Good Templars, the Temple of Honorand Temperance and isPast Grand Chiefand Past Deputy Supreme Council of theWorld, and has been Past Chief of the locallodges. He is Past Grand Chancellor andPast Grand Recorder of the K. of P. orderand for years has been a member of the orderof I. O. (). F.Our subject is a man of remarkable memory.His wife has been an invalid for thepast fifteen years and also his daughtwr, andthese afflictions have prevented him from accomplishingmuch that he has desired todo.Mr. Fagg has ten living children, as follows:Rev. John G., at present missionary to China,where he has been for five years. He marriedMiss Maggie Gillespie of Jersey City,where she was the principal of a school thereand now is a missionary with her husbandand a teacher, their headquarters being atAmoy. Mr. Fagg is the professor there ina Theological seminary of the American ReformedChurch. He graduated with firsthonors at Hoi^e College and New BrunswickSeminary. Katie M. is an invalid at home.She has devoted her time to localmissionarywork, is a member of the King's Daughter^and of the Shut-in Society. Fred D. is generalsecretary of the V. M. C. A. at Evanston,Illinois, and an active worker in theBaptist Church. He married Miss IdaChase, also a prominent member of a finefamily, a daughter of a farmer of New York.Sarah married Ri'v. E. E. Day, a Congregationalminister and pastor of a churcli inBowmanviile, Illinois. Dow M. is a ship-

DAIiE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 401ping clerk for I).Warner & Co., of Madison.Peter A. is a stenographer and bookkeeperin tliis city. William, Marcus C, CharlesA. and Nellie J. are in school.Mr. and Mrs. Fagg, with the children athome, are members of the Congrei^ationalChurch of Madison. Dow M. and Peter A.are members of the Christian Endeavor Societyand the former is Superintendent of amission school. All of the children of oursul)ject have been blessings to their parents,but they were called upon to mourn the lossof four: J.Benjamin A.Edward, Isaac W., T. George andiEVERLY JEFFERSON.—Among theimportant business interests ofthe cityof Madison, Wisconsin, is the one conductedby the subject of the present sketch.What Frank Parmalee or Leroy Payne is toChicago, Mr. Jeiferson is to the city of Madison,conducting: one of the largest lines otcarriages, hacks and wagons in this section.flis business was established in 18(39, is theoldest in the city, having been developed asthe demands of the times required, until nowhis turnouts and horses are really metropolitan.His stables are located at No. 12 NorthWebster street.Mr. JeS'erson came to this city in the early'50s, when he was yet a boy, passing hisyoung manhood in various occupationsuntilhe became the clerk of the old but well-rememberedAmerican House. The old househas given place to the handsome First NationalBank l)uilding on that site. Here oursubject remained until his enlistment in 1861,in Company E, First Wisconsin Regiment,under Colonel J. C. Starkweather, and CaptainGeorge E. Bryant, now the Postmasterof the city. He served three months in thevolunteer army, going out with the threemonths' men. At the e.\piration of his enlistment,he returned and bought out theAmerican House, in which he had been a clerkliefure entering the army.After a season, Mr. Jefferson moved out tohis farm, which islocated four miles from thecity, but after a time returned and openedthe hotel known as the CapitalHouse, beingthe first landlord, and here he remained forjust five years.In the meantime he had seenthe opening for a line of omniljuses, andleft the hotel to engage in his present Inisiness.He established it before leaving thehotel, and now has fourteen vehicles, andgives employment to fourteen men, thusbeirinninffasothers have have done, who havemade such well-known successesline.in the saineMr. Jefferson has steered clear of localpolitics. He is a member of the Masonicfraternity and of C. C. Washburn Post, No.11, G. A. R., of Madison. Mr. Jefferson wasborn in Virginia. Augusta county, in 1839,and he was yet young when his parents removedto the AVest, and was educated principallyin this city. Both of his parents hadlieen born in Virginia, but they both passedaway in Madison, the father when he was lessthan fifty years of age, and the mother whenseventy-five. Her maiden name was JuliaA. Jefterson, and she had been a member ofthe Congregational Church.(Jur subject is the only surviving memberof his family and was the youngest son. Theoldest son. Colonel J. W., died June 13,1892. at Memphis, Teniiessee. He had beena resident of Madison for some years, enlistedearly in the Rebellion, was commissionedMajor of the Eighth Wisconsin Volunteers,known as the " Eagle Eight." August

403 BIOGRAPUIOAI^ REVIEW OF26, 1861; was seriously wounded at Corinth,Mississippi. October 3, 1862, and again,slightly at Vicksburg, Mississippi, May 22,1863; was promoted to be Lieutenant-ColonelJune 7, 1864, and was mustered out asColonel at the expiration of his term ofservice, October 11, 1864, and at once returnedto the city of Memphis, Tennessee,where he engaged in the buying and shippingof cotton, and for many years had been interestedin the raising of cotton in the StateofArkansas.Colonel Jefferson was identified very closelywith the history of Mempliis, its interestsand welfare were dear to his heart, from1864 until the time of his death. In thatcity he was regarded by allbe esteemed, as heprogressive and warm-hearted.as a gentleman towas enterprising, liberal,He was oneof the original projectors and owners of theContinental Cotton Company, and until 1S73was one of the largest shippers of cotton inthe South. He was engaged in numberlessenterprises tending to the public good, of agenial, chivalrous disposition, and becamewell known through the South, his adoptedhome, became wealthy, and died unmarried.Our subject was married in Madison, toMiss Anna M. Smith, a native of Penn.sylvania,who came here when a youngpersonwith her parents, who settled upon a farmnear Madison, where they became prosperous,but later moved into the city, where they bothdied and were buried upon the same day atabout the age of seventy-five years. TheirBefore coming West Mr. Smith hadbeen a prominent lumber merchant inPennsylvania.honored names were Isaac and Sarah J. Smith,who were strong Presbyterians in their religion.Mrs. Jefferson died in 1880, when in middlelife. She was a consistent member ojthe Presbyterian Church, and left behind herlive sons. These are as follows: Thomas B.,messenger with the American Express Company;John v., in the passenger service withthe Chicago & Northwestern railroad;FredA., now a studeut at Rush Medical College;Harry E., with W. B. I'ierson ct Company,mechanical engineers in Chicago, Illinois;and Carl S. at home, attending the city highschool.fRANK-*5^5-*®(^tLOUIS VAN CLEEF, professorof Greek in the University of Wiscon-^ sin, was born at Wellington, Loraincounty, Ohio, May 20, 1863, son of GeorgeAnson and Maria (Knox) Vau Cleef. Hetraces his paternal ancestry back to Jan VanCleef, who left his home in Holland in 1685,came to America and located at New Amsterdam,now New York. Tliere are breaks inthe genealogical chain from this till we comedown to the great-grandfather of our subject,Lawrence Van Cleef, who served underGeneral Sullivan, of Washington's army inthe Indian struggles in New York, and whosehome was at Elizabethtown, New Jersey.He, on one of these scouts, visited SenecaFalls, New York, and was so impressed withthe grandeur and beauty ofthe place that heresolved if he lived through that campaignhe would return and locate there. This hedid in 1790, and was therefore the founderand first settler of that now handsome city.In 1855 George Anson Van Cleef, his son,moved from New York to Wellington, Ohio,where he and his family have since resided.Of his eight chililren four are still living, theProfessor being the youngest.Professor Van Cleef graduated inthe highschool of his native town in 1880, after

DANE COUNTY, WISCOISSIN. 403which he entered Oberliii College, took aclassical course, and graduated with the degreeof A. B. in i884. lie then entered thesenior class of Harvard College, fromwhichhe received the degree of A. B. the followingyear. He remained at Harvard, taking postgraduatework in Greek and Sanscrit until1888, when he was sjiven a traveling fellowship.For two years he was abroad. Atthe University of Bonn, Germany, he continuedhis researches in Greek and Sanscrit,and also studied Latin and German until hecould converse fluently in both. Keturningto America, he was engaged as private tutorat Cambridge, Massachusetts, one year, at theend of which time he vvas tendered a professorshipfrom the ifeard of Regents of theITniversity of Wisconsin, as professor of(-Jreek. lie accepted the position in 1890,and has since filled it with credit to himselfand also to the university. While at BonnUniversity he ])repared a thesis in Latinupon a Greek subject, which gave him thedegree of Ph. D. lie has since written anarticle that was published in the eighth volumeof the Transactions of the WisconsinAcademy of Science, Arts and Letters.Professor Van Cleef was married July 31,1888, to Florence Tliurston, of Caraliridge,Massachusetts. She was reared and educatedin that city and is a lady of rare cultureand refinement. She accompanied herhusband to Germany. They are mem Iters ofthe CongregationalChurch.fLETCllER ANDREW PARKER, professorof music in the University ofWisconsin, is a native of Ashlandcounty, Ohio, born December 26, 1842.Hisparents, S. P. and Elizabeth Parker, wereborn, reared and married in ()ntario, Canada.His father was a carriage-maker. On leavingCanada, he located in Ashland county, Ohio,where he resided a number of years, movingfrom there to Fulton, Illinois, and severalyears later to Quincy, that State. He andhis wife are now residents of Omaha, Nebraska,aged seventy five and seventy -si.Kyears, respectively. They had five children,three of whom are living, two sons and onedaughter.J'rofessorFletcher A. was the second born.Parker received his early educacationin the ^mhlic schools of his nativecounty. He then became a student at theNorthwestern University at Evanston, Illinois.At the end of his junior year, he leftschool and enlisted in the Chicago MercantileBattery, and continued in the service untilthe close of 1864, in the Western Department,under Generals Grant, Sherman andBanks; was at the siege of Jackson, Mississippi,and in the engagements at ArkansasPost and yicksl)urg; was later transferred totlie Department of the Gulf, Under GeneralBanks, and was in Te.\as at Matagorda Bay.While at Matagorda Bay he received ordersto go to New Orleans to l)e examined for aCommission, and was made FirstLieutenantof the First Louisiana Heavy Artillery, aregiment officered by men chosen from variousNorthern regiments. In the fall of 1864 heresigned and returned home.Having a talent for music and deciding toeducate himself for the musical profession,he went to Boston in 1865 and entered theBoston Musical School, where he graduatedin 1867. He then taught music in Bostonuntil 1868. Returning to Illinois, ho locatedat Bloomiufrton in 186S, and until 1874 wasactively engaged in his profession there.That year he went to Europe. He spent oneyear studying music at Stuttgart, Germany,

404 BIOOBAPHIGAL REVIEW OFand six months as teacher in the Koyal MusicalAcademy for the Tllind in London. Hewas then offered a permanent position asteacher in the same institution, hut declinedand returned to Eloomington, Illinois, wherehe was elected deanof the College of Musicof the Wesleyan College, remaining thereuntil 1878.That year he was elected to theprofessorship of music in the University ofWisconsin, where he has since remained, fillingthe position with much credit tohimselfand also the university.He is a Vice-President of the NationalSociety for the promotion of musical art,and lias been organist at the First PresbyterianChurch of Madison ever since he camehere.His contributions to musical literaturehave been chiefly sacred music. He lias assistedin j)ubli8hing a number of hymnalsand collections of sacred songs.JUOFESSOP. ALEXAN OEK KEKIi, A.% M., professor of the Greek languageand literature in the University of Wisconsion,is the subject of the present briefand inadequate sketch. He was born inAberdeen, Scotland, August 15, 1828, a sonof George and Helen Kerr, the father byoccupationa farmer. When six years of ageour subject came to America with his parents,who located at Cornwall, Ontario,Canada, remaining three years, then removedto Joliet, Illinois, and for three years madethat place their home, later removing toKockford,Illinois.At the latter city our subject began his education,entering the public schools, leavingthem to enter the Rockford Scientific andClassical Institute, conducted by Hon. SeelyPerry, a graduate of Union College of Schenectady,New York. Our subject later enteredthe sophomore class in I'eloit College,at the age of twenty-three years, taking thefull classical course and graduating from itin 1855 with the degree of A. B. ; and in1858 received the degree of A. M.In 1855 Professor Kerr moved to theState of Georgia, and there engaged inliteraryand educational work, conducting classesin I'rownwood Institute at La Grange,Georgia. He served there for some timeas professor of mathematics, and also taughtthe Latin language and literature. The marriageof Professor Kerr took place in Rockford,Illinois, July 1, 1857, to Miss KatharineFuller Brown, the daughter of Rev.Hope Brown, pastor of the CongregationalChurch at Shirley, Massachusetts. For anumber of years Mr. Brown was the agentfor the Rockford Female Seminary afterpastoral work was over.hisMrs. Kerr was educatedat New Ipswich xVcademy, located atNew Ipswich, New Hampshire, and latergraduated from the Rockford Seminary.Professor and Mrs. Kerr have been the parentsof three children, one dying ininfancy.Charles H. is a publisher, located at No.175 Dearborn street, Chicago; and James B.is a member of the law firm of Sanborn «&Kerr.Both of these talented young men aregraduates of the University of Wisconsin.James B. had a fellowship for one year aftergraduation and studied law. then spentsometime in traveling in Europe to complete hiseducation. He was admitted to the bar inJune, 1892. During his European travelshe visited Great Britain. I'Vance, Greece, Germany,Italy, and the countries of the Mediterraneansea.In 1861 our subject left La Grange and returnedto Rockford, where in 1862 he wasmade County Superintendent of Schools.

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 405He held that office until February, 18G3.Then he removed to Beloit and ensfised inpublic school work. At that time the schoolsystem of Beloit was in a bad condition andour subject took it in charge, reorganizingand perfecting until he had brouglit orderout of chaos. For eight years Professoriverr labored at Beloit, but in 1871 theBoard of Regents of the State Universityelected him professor of Greek in that institution.This chair he has filled with theability which has marked every work of hislife, and for twenty-one years that positionFor a long time the learned gentleman hasbeen engaged inthe preparation of an editionof the New Testament in Greek, one part ofwhich has been recently published, and hehas lectured largely upon language andhas been his. He is beloved and appreciated.popularsubjects through the country. He hasspent two summers in the land of Greece, enjoyingtlie home of his beloved classics.During the past ten years he has devotedmuch time to the study of modern Greek.He thinks that the Greek language has neverbeen dead, and that it is as much alive to-dayas 3,000 years ago. His delight is to talkupon his favorite theme, and the delight ofhis pupils is to hear him, illustrating hismost entertaininu; lectures as he does withphotographs of his subject inform.most attractiveFor some twelve years our subject was amember of the Board of Education of the cityof Madison. He has a handsome residence uponLangdon street, which, with its beautifullawn sloping to lake Mendota, is one of themost attractive ])laces in the city. However,into this abode of happiness and comforttliedeath angel came. Mrs. Kerr died July 23,1890.Professor Kerr claims to be Independentin politics, although he usually votes withthe Kepublican party. Religiously, he belongsto the Congregational Church. Hehas been particularly blessed in his sons.Both of tliem have tilledhis heart with prideon account of their literary attainments.Wehave mentioned James above. Charles isone of the successful publishers of tlie bigcity of Chicago, and since 1880 he has beenin business for hinjself. He i£raduated fromthe University of Wisconsin in 1881, withthe degree of A. B., and made a specialty vithe French language and literature. He hasissued over fifty books on various subjectsfrom his office, and is considered a promisingyonng man.R. CALEB S. BLANCHARD, a retired;|n physician of Mazo Manie, Wisconsin)was born in Victory township, Cayugacounty, -New York, May 8. 1818, a son ofWillard and Sallie (Piatt) Blanchard, both!)orn and reared inRutland county, Vermont.Willai-d Blanchard was a son of Caleb Blanchard,who was a son of John Blanchard, whowas a son of Theophilus Blanchard, son ofMoses Blanchard, who emigrated from Francein 1(379, June 12, locating in Rhode Island.The Blanchards are descended from good andnotable families. Tlie father was a farmerby (iccupation, and was a (^aptain in the warof 1812. In 1818 he moved to Cayuga county.New York, and both lie and his wife are nowdeceased, the mother dying December 1, 1843,and the father May 23, 1860, aged fifty-sixand seventy-seven years, respectively. Mr.and Mrs. Blanchard were the parents of sevenchildren, three sons and two daughters, andthe former were all practicing physicians.

406 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFThe eldest sou, O. W., came to Wisconsin in1843, and is now deceased.Caleb S. Blanchard, tiie subject of thissketch, received an academic education in theVictor Academy, which was orcranized in182G. lie still has an announcement of theschool, printed for the term to begin September5, 1842. At the age of nineteen yearshe began the practice of medicine with hisbrother, (). W. Blauchard, and three yearsafterward entered the PittstieldMedical College,of Pittsfield, Massachusetts. In 1843our subject opened a medical office inKacine,Wisconsin, l)nt December 20, 1848, on accountof ill healtli he left that city for EastTroy, Walworth county, where he followedhis profession untilagain obliged to discontinuepractice. August 5, 1862, he was appointedSurgeon of theTwenty-second WisconsinVolunteer Regiment, but after oneyear with his command was obliged to tenderDuring the following twentyhis resignation.months Mr. Hlanchardpi'acticed medicine atBloomfield, California, and in May, 1865,returned to East Troy. May 22, 1890,he came to Mazo Manie, where he hasretired from active work of all kinds. Mr.Blauchard votes with the Republican party,has served as Lieutenant, Corporal and Colonelin military companie8;a8 Justice of the Peaceand a member of the Board of Supervisors ofEast Troy. He was elected a member of theAssembly of 1880, and served on three committees;the Penal Committee, Engross ManufacturingCommittee, and Medical Committee.lie was elected to the office b\' a majority of1,200 votes. Socially he was made a memberof the Masonic order in 1852, and of theI. O. O. F., in 1845.Mr. Blanchard was married June 14, 1852,to Su"an G. Ames, a native of Genesee county,iS'ew York, and who died January 19, 1860.July 27, 1861, he was united in marriagewith Jennette D. Park, a native of Weston,Windsor county,her marriage wasVermont, and at the time ofPrincipal of the East Troyschools. To this union has been born fourchildren, viz.:Charles W., who graduated atthe Rush Medical College, of Chicago, in1889, and is now a practicing physician ofClinton, Rock county, Wisconsin; Frank P.,educated at the Madison schools, and is nowa druggist of Muskogee, Indian Territory;Stella J., wife of Dr. Scott, of Raciue county,Wisconsin; and Albert C, attending the RushMedical College of Chicago, where he willgraduate in 1895. Mr. Blanchard is a memberof the Congregational Church of MazoManie.^IIARLES NOBLE GREGORY, ofMadison, Wisconsin, was born at Unadilla,Otsego county, New York, AucTust27, 1851, a son of Hon. Jared C. andCharlotte C. (Camp) Gregory, nativesalso ofthat State, the father born at Gregory Hill,Otsego county, and the mother at Owego,Tioga county.to the bar in his nativeHon. J. C. Gregory was calledcounty, where his fatherand grandfather had also resided andpracticed law there till 1858. lie was associatedthen with his brothers-in-law. JudgeCharles Noble, and later with Senator Looinisas law partners. While in New York he wasJustice of the Sessions and was a Democraticcandidate for Congress in his district in 1856;after removing in 1858 to Wisconsin he wasMayor of Madison one term; was for twelveyears one of the regents of the University ofWisconsin; and a delegate to the DemocraticNational Convention at Cincinnati, where heserved as one of the vice-presidents. During

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 407Cleveland's adiniuistration he held the officeof Postmaster of Madison. Mrs. Greirorystill resides in this city. A son, S. S. Gregory,is an attorney at Law in Chicago; anda daughter, Cora W., is stillat home.Charles N., the subject of this sketch, cameto Wisconsin when only six years old, wherehe attended private and public schools inMadison. He entered the prejiaratory schoolof the university at a very early age, wherehe graduated in the classical course, takingthe Latin Salutatory in 1871, and in that yearentered the law office of Gregory & Pinnej.In 1872 he crraduated from the law departmentof the university, with the degree ofLL. P>., and has since received the degree ofA. M. After completing his law course Mr.Gregory became a junior member of the firmof Gregory & Pinney, consisting beside himselfof his father and Mr. Justice Pinney, nowon the Supreme bench of Wisconsin, and soremained untilthe dissolution of the partnershipin 1879. He then began business withhis father, under the firm name of Gregory& Gregory, and in 1886 Colonel George \V^.Bird became a partner, the firm being thenknown as Gregory, Bird & Gregory until1889, when Colonel Bird retired. Father andson then continued business until the former'sdeath February 7, 1892. Mr. Gregory is aDemocrat in his political views; has served asAlderman of the city of Madison two terms;has been for many years a member of theMadison Free Library Board; lias been amember of the Board of Education of his cityand president of the Alumni of the Universityof Wisconsin for many years; a member of theGeneral Committee of National Civil ServiceReform Assciation; is an able speaker in politicalcampaigns ;and is a Vestryman of GraceEpiscopal Church and a Curator of the WisconsinState Historical Society.Mr. Gregoryhas been a contriiiutor to various magazinesand publications, among them beinor tiie oldScribner's, LittelPs Living Age, the OverlandMonthly, the Youth's Companion, Outing,New York Independent, New Y'orkNation,New York Evening Post, Harper's Weeklyand to Chicago and Milwaukee papers. Duringthe campaign of 1888 he edited "TheTariff Reform Advocate. " In 1883 he visitedEurope and had the pleasure of meeting manyinteresting persons, among them Mr. Gladstone,theArchbishop of Canterbury, Mr. JohnWalter, M. P. of the London Times, our ownMr. Lowell, then at the court of St. James,and many others.In the profession of the law, althoughpracticing generally, Mr.Gregory has givenspecial attention to the law of wills and hasbeen engaged invarious notable testamentarycontests. He has for many years held anannual retainer from the Chicago, Milwaukee& St. Paul Railroad Company.I^ON. JAIRITS H. CARPENTER wasborn in the town of Ashford, Windhamcounty, Connecticut, February 14, 1822.He grew up to young manhood in his nativetown, spending three terms at IlollistonAcademy. He early determined upon hiscourse in life, which he thereafter pursuedwith a steadfastness of purpose, whichbecame, and is still one of his strikingcharacteristics.He was engaged for a time in teachingand later began the study of law, completinghis legal studies preparatory to his admissionto the bar, with the Hon. L. P. Waklo, aprominent attorney ofTolland, Connecticut.In March, 1847, he was admitted to the liarand began the practice of his chosen profes-

408 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFsioD, at willimantic, Connecticut. Full ofhope and energy young Carpenter enteredwith zeal into the struggle for professionalstanding and eminence, in which each younglawyer must engage who aspires to a placeamong the distinguished men, who alwaysand at alltimes are found adorning the ranksof attorneys and counselors at law in everypart of our country.Believing that the West afforded betteropportunity to the young attorney, youngCarpenter wisely decided, in 1857, to locateat Madison. Wisconsin. This beautiful citypleased him and his ability, energy andsterling integrity soon brought him to thefront in legal matters and won for him theesteem of the best people of the city of thelakes. During the first year of his residencein Madison he became associated in thepractice of law with John W. Johnson, Esq.,now deceased, the most brilliant and eloquentlawyer and orator ever engaged in the practiceof law in the city of Madison. An Apolloin form and bearing, a grace of manner, anever-failing vocabulary of the choicestEnglish, a poetic imagination, with wit andhumor in abundance, but under perfectcontrol and a power of pathos seldom equaled,made him an orator ofsurpassing power andexcellence and he is remembered by thosewho are so fortunate as to know him withadmiration for his marvelous eloquence, andpity for his unfortunate habits of intemperance,which brought him to an untimelygrave.However much young Carpenter may haveadmired his brilliant partner, his ideas oftemperance were such as to render Mr.Johnson uncongenial as anassociate and thebusiness connection unpleasant, so the partnershipbetween them was dissolved, and in1858 he entered into a partnership with thelate General Ezra T. Sprague, under the firmname of Carpenter it Sprague, whichccujtinued until the breaking outof the civilwar in 1861. Judge Carpenter's connectionwith General Sprague was most pleasant.They were from the same neighborhood inConnecticut and had mutual acquaintancesthere and many associates in common, andGeneral Sprague was one of thoserare men,whom to know was to love and esteem.A graduate of Amherst College, thoroughlyeducated as a lawyer, of stainless character,possessing a broad andcomprehensive intellect,he was a most genial companion, witha quiet humor of a rare flavor. Modest andretiring by nature, with the tender sympathiesof a woman, butwith a courage thatquailed at no danger, when duty and consciencecommanded him to act, all thesequalities endeared him to all who came toknow him.At the breaking out of the civil war hewas the first to enlist at the first callof PresidentLincoln for volunteers and he went tothe front as Sergeant of Company K, FirstRegiment of Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry.At the expiration of the three months' termof eidistment he was appointed Adjutant ofthe Eighth Regiment Wisconsin Volunteers,known as the Eagle Regiment, this appointmentbeing nuule September 30, 1861. Theregiment participated in all the fiercelycontested battles in which that division wasengaged and the bravery of Adjutant Spraguewon for him the admiration, of not only themen in his own regiment, but of the commandingofficers in the army, and upon theirreorganization he was promoted to the Colonelcyof the Forty-second Wisconsin VolunteerInfantry, and on the 29th of July, 1864while Colonel of this same regiment, he wascommandant of the im])ortant military post of

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 400Cairo, Illinois.Yov his brave and conspicuousservices in the army, June 20, 1S65, the brevetrank of Brisadier-General was conferi-edupon him by the President. On being musteredout of the army General Spragueremoved to Green Bay, Wisconsin, andresumed the practice of, his profession, andafter three or four years' practice was electedJudire of the Circuit Court, in which Browncounty was then included, butfailing healthcompelled him to resign and remove to SaltLake City, Utah, where he engaged in practice,until his death two or three yearsafterward.In 1868 Judge Carpenter formed a partnershipwith Captain R. J. Chase, who had alsobeen a gallant soldier in the civil war. Theconnection with Captain Chase continueduntil 187-1:, when it was dissolved and thelatter removed to Sioux City, Iowa, where heattained prominence in his profession.Since1874 Judge Carpenter has had no partner.He was a careful painstaking lawyer, carryinginto the practice of hisprofession those highmoral qualities for which he has ever beendistinguished, refusing retainers, where inhis opinion, the client had not a cause inwhich he could conscientiously engage, butwhen he did accept a retainer he espousedtiie cause of his client with all the zeal andenergy of his nattire, giving to the case carefulthought and preparation.His fidelity tohis clients was notable even in a professionwhere that virtue is a cointnon one.Judge Carpenter has many of the elementsof an orator, a good command of language, avoice well trained, which, combined with hisearnestness and evident sincerity of belief inthe righteousness of his client's cause, makehim an able and effective advocate before ajury, his efforts often rising into the realmsof genuine eloquence.In 1868 Judge Carpenter was appointeddean of the law faculty of the State Universityof Wisconsin, at Madison. He organizedthe law class, became one of the lawlecturers and devoted many years actively tothis work; he resigned the deanship in 1884but still holds the Jackson professorship inthe law depai-tment of the State Universityand lecturing upon contracts. In 1874 thehonory degree of A. M. was conferred uponhim by Yale College, an

410 BIOGRAPHICAL HE VIEW OPand his ability as a speaker and orator he wasan effective and influential political speaker,but with the close of the war and the absenceof any great moral questions from the issues,in most of the late campaigns he has beenless active. While still espousing the causeof the Republican party he is conservative inhis views and disposed to exalt the mati abovethe party and to support those for office whomhe deems most worthy of the position. Hetakes, however, an active interest in the civilservice reform, and in all movements havincrfor their aim the purification of our politicsand the better administration of governmentaloffice. He has been an Alderman ofhis ward for three years, and while servingin that capacity rendered his city very valuableservices, especially in establishing thecity credit and placing its financial affairsupon a sound basis.In 1885 ho was appointed, by GovernorRusk, County Judge, to till the vacancycaused by the death of Judge Sanborn, andthis position he has continued to hold eversince, having been elected, after serving onefullterm and part of another by appointment.by the people of the county. In the administrationof this important officethe crreatest satisfactionhe has givento the bar and to thepeople. To the first, because ho is alwaysready to give them a patient, conscientiousand impartial hearing, and they know thathis decisions, whether for or against them areequally honest, and the people know and feelthat with his supervision, so far as humanability and foresight is able to secure such aresult,that their estates will be honestly administeredand guarded against wrong andpeculation. The bar and people believe im-his integrity and hope that he mayj)licitly inlontr continue to discharge the duties of anoffice which he adorns and which is so importantto every citizen.Judge Carpenter is a well-preserved man,possessing a marked degree of mental andHe is aphysical activity for one of his age.man of pleasant and cheerful disposition,social in his nature, enjoying all innocentsports and amusements. He shows thestrength and hardihood of his ancestors, whowere of old New England stock, the familyhaving lived in Connecticut for many generations.His parents were Palmer and Martha(Brown) Carpenter, who settled in Minnesotain 1856, where they spent tlieir last years,and where they died, honored and respectedby all who knew them. While living in theEast his parents were members ofthe Christianchurch, but after their i-emoval to tiiisState they joined the Congregational Churchand died inthat faith.Judge Carpenter was married while livinorin his native State to a lady who has sharedhis fortunes and misfortunes through life andwho is yet the comfort of his declining years.Her maiden name was Martha C. Kendall,she having been born, reared and educated atPalmer, Massachusetts. She also came ofgood old New England ancestry, her forefathershaving been among the earlysettlersof the Bay State.Judge and Mrs. Car])enter hold to no pai'-ticulnr i-ciigious creed, but are moralists inthe true sense of the word. He has alwaysbeen active in localtemperance work, and hebelieves in and gives his intluence to all thingsthat are progressive andgood.,()N. SAMUEL D. HASTINGS, was bornJuly 24, 1816, in Leicester, Worcestercountv, Massachusetts. His maternalgrandfather, Mcintosh, was a soldier in the

DANE COUNT r, WISCONSIN. 411Revolutionary war and was of Scotch descent,and his mother possessed, in a marked degree,decision of character, independence of thonyiitand ardent devotion tor lier children.Theseelements donhtless stamped her son with someof his noblest traits. Ilis fatlier was of Eni^lisliancestry, of noble blood and ancestry,and was a liuealdescendant of Thomas Hastings,who in 1684settled in Watertown, Massachusetts,and who long held importantpositions in both 8tate and church. The oldfamily inotto was, " In truth isvictory."Mr. Hastings' early life was spent in Boston,Massachusetts, whei'e his scliool training owas limited to the iirst thirteen years of hislife, and from the age of fourteen to thirtyhis home was in I*hilailel])hia, Pennsylvania.While engaged in the duties incident to thebeginning of mercantile life he pursued acourse of practical study. In his piddic lifehe has always experienced a need of assuringscience, but has nincli more frequently reapedthe benefit of the practical culture acquiredby that self-drill and self-dependence in youth.Before twenty-one, through the aid of a gentlemanfrom his native village, he was establishedin business for himself. Althoughalways engaged in some active business henever allowed the acquirement of money tobe the sole aim of his life, otherwise he mightbe numbered among the wealthy of the land;but the reformatory and philanthropic movementsof the times always engrossed much ofhis time and enerjries.Entertaining interestin human affairs, he could not forego the responsibilityof a conscientious citizen andallow himself to drift on the tide of eventswithout an efi'ort for public reform. Theanti -slavery movement was one ofthe politicalquestions which engrossed his attention.When other young men of his age and natui'alendowments sought success in acquiringproperty and seeking political preferment,Mr. Hastings threw himself into the antislaverymovement. He helped to found thejjiberty party, and the fact that he was electedthe chairman of the State Central Committeein Pennsylvania proves at once his courageand the jiossession of those qualities that goto make up the successful leader. AH throughhis public career he has been an earnest advocateof universal freedom and education.184G he settled in Walworth county wliileWisconsin was still a Territory, and lie hasbeen identified as an active citizen with thehistory of the State. He was first electedJustice of the Peace without his consent oreven knowledge; and equally, without hissolicitation or cognizance, he was, in 1S48,nominated for the Legislature, the nominationresulting in his election by a large majority.He went to Madison in 1849 as amember of the first regular winter session ofthe Legislatnre after the State was admittedinto the Union. During that session he delivereda speech on the subject of slavery,opposing its extension and denouncing alllegislation which in any way favored theslave trade. This speech was published andwidely circulated, and was afterward republishedas one of the documents of the AmericanAnti-Slavery Society. The resolutionsfor which he spoke atid of which, as chairmanof the Select Committee, he was author,passed both houses, irrevocably coinmittingthe State tothe principles he so ably advocated.In 1853 he removed to La Crosse, where inmany ways he was recognized as co-operativein building up the town and promoting itsinstitutions. He afterward removed to Trem.pealeau, a new town on the Mississippi. In1856 Mr. Hastings was again brought intopublic life by a second election to the StateIn

412 BIOGRAPnWAL ItEVIBW OFLegislature, and in the fall of 1857 he waselected Treasurer of the State, which office heheld for fourconsecutive terms of two years* each. This sketch would be incomplete withoutsome allusion to Mr. Hastings servicesduring our last great war. The managementof our finances in those troublesome timescalled for the highestwas fortunate inability, and Wisconsinhaving the head of her financialdepartment one whose wise and carefulmanagement did much to save the credit ofthe State, to .secure to our people a bettermonetary system and to provide the meansto enable the State to respond to all calls madeby the Nation.inIn negotiating the State loan1861, for the purpose of securing funds forcari-ying on the war, Mr. Hastings actedwith promptness and discretion. Under hismanagement a financial panic was prevented,and our home currency was placed on a muchfirmer basis.During all of his political career, with allof its cares, toils and temptations, he was anearnest advocate of teniperanc-e reform; fromearly boyhood he always found time andmeans to spend in this cause. He never drankliquor or usedmeasures designedtobacco, and was energetic into remove the curse fromothers, embracing every opportunity of makingspeeches, encouraging legislation and attendingtemperance organizations.With hispen, too, he has always been active in thecause. lie was, and is now an occasionalcorrespondent for many of the Good Templarand Prohibition papers in the United Statesand in Great l)ritain, Australia, New Zealandand Tasmania. He has spoken on somej)hase of the temperance question in nearlyevery State in the Union, in Canada, England,Scotland, Ireland; in nearly every cityand large town in Australia, New ZealandaixJ Tasmania, and on the questions of slaveryand temperance in every county and almostevery town in Wisconsin. He arose to theposition of Grand Worthy Patriarch of Wisconsinin the order of Sons of Temperance,and was sent as a delegate to the NationalDivision at Chicago, which was presided overb)' Judge O'Neil, of South Carolina and NealDow as M. W. Associate.In February, 1857, he became a memberof I.(). G. T. and has ever since retained hismembership. He is now Ti'easurer of thi'National Prohibition Committee, also theStateProhibition (Committee, and he was fortwenty years one of the trustees of HeloitCollege. In July, 1873, while a representativeof the Grand Lodge of Wisconsin tothe Right Worthy Lodge of Good Templars,held in London, England, he was electedRight Worthy Grand Templar, the chiefoffice of the Good Templar order throughoutthe world. This was the sixth time he hadbeen chosen liead of this order. He hasbeen vice-president of the National Temperanceand Publication House for fifteenyears.In social and church circles Mr. Hastingshas ever been active and his work in thesefields has called him almost constantly topositions of labor and responsibility, and theduties discliarged in these departmentscalled for ability as marked as those wieldedin the important positions filled bj him as aState officer.At the age of sixteen years heunited with the church, and he has beenTrustee, Treasurer and Deacon of the CongregationalChurch, Superintendent of theSunday-school, President of the WisconsinState Sunday-school Convention, Modei-atorof the Congregational State Convention,Moderator of the Triennial Convention ofCongregational Ministers and Delegates fromthe churches in the Northwestern States,

DANK COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 4ISCorporate Member of the American Board ofCommissioners for Foreign Missions, Secretary,Treasurer and President of the WisconsinSunday-school Assemlily. Tiie contidencewitli wliich he has inspired iiis fellowmenand the liold he lias had, and now has,upon the hearts of the people are clearlyshown by the offices he has f)een called uponto fill. He has been Town Clerk, Justice ofthe Peace, Chairman of Town Board of Supervisors,also of County Board of Supervisors,meraijer of the Wisconsin Legislaturefor two terms, State Treasurer for fourterms, Secretary ofState Board of Charities,Trustee of State Hospital for Insane, Treasurerof the Wisconsin Academy of Science,Art and Letters, and Curator of the StateHistorical Society, a splendid record, surely,and one that fitly mirrors fortli the man. Inthe interest of some of these institutions hewas commissioned to visit and report uponsimilar ones in Great Britain, which he didduring his travels in that country in1873.the yearMr. Hastings is ever at the service of thepublic, in whatever good work commands hisrare business talents. For many years hewas treasurer and director of the MadisonMutual Insurance Company, director of theMadison Manufacturing Company and also ofthe City Gas Works.He was marrieil August 1, 1837, to MissMargaretta Shubert, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.They have three children: SamuelD., Jr., Judge of the Fourteenth Circuitof Wisconsin, residing at Green I5ay, WisEmma M., ms^rried to H. K. Hobart,consin;now editor of the Pail way Ago, Chicago;and Florence L., married to Henry W. Iloyt,of the Gates Iron Works of Chicago. Mr.Hastings' home is an attractive brick residence,on the corner of Lake and Langdon28streets. His gift of l)usiness thoroughnessand integrity in the world is no more acharacteristic than are the graces of thehome circle, of which he is the bead andsoul. His wife has the rich grace of a highorder of womanhood, and artistic taste inworking up the endless details into the harmonyof a home.Through life Mr. Hastings has been a tirelessand unselfish worker and his principleshave enshrined themselves in his works. Heis an effective speaker, a ready writer, a gooflorganizer, a genial, just and philanthropicman.tHARLES-^ ^S. MEAllS,one of the retiredbusiness men of Madison, Wisconsin,may now be found at his pleasant homeon East Gilman street, where he has residedsince its erection in 1857. He was born inElbridge, Ononds^ga county. New York, January12, 1818, son of James and Lois Mears,both natives of Vermont. The father was arailroad and canal contractor and inearly lifefollowed the occupation of a farmer.Our subject received a common school educationand at the age offourteen entered theElbridge Academy, where he remained threeyears. In the family of which he was amember there were thirteen cbililren andCharles was the youngest.()l all these children,only one sister, Mrs. Harriet Sherwin,of Fulton vi lie. New York, and our subjectsurvives. About the time of the outbreakof the Rebellion the parents of our subjectdied.In order to sujiport himself he engagedin selliny: groceries at Amsterdam, New York,where be remained one year, then went toHanover, Ohio, and engaged with his brotherin selling merchandise for ab(jut two years.

414 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFAfter leavinir his brother he removed to PortRichinoiid, Staten Island, where he clerkedfor some time in a grocery, but after nearly twoand one-halt' years he removed to Fultonvilie,New York, and engaged as clerk in a countrystore for a short time, after which he removedto Jordan, New York.Our subject was married, November 12,1840, to Miss Lucretia Martiueau, born inLondon, England, who came to the UnitedStates when twelve years old.Soon after hermarriage Mrs. Mears died, only bearing thatname about five months. After her deathMr. Mears removed to New Albany and therewas married October 26, 1848, to HarrietAnthony, a native of that city, daughter ofJacob Anthony, a merchant of New Albany,who had served as a surveyor during the war,of the port of New Albany. Two childrenhave been born to Mr. and Mrs. Mears, namely:Alice A., married to J. H. Palmer, ofMadison; and Flora E., at home, a young lady,educated at the Wisconsin University. Mr.Mears, wife and children are all living andinthe enjoyment of good health.While in New Albany Mr. Mears was engagedin dry -goods business, residing in thatcity tor about ten years, after which he removedto Madison, in December, 1855. Inthis city he entered the lumber business,forming the lumber business of C. S. Mearsand Company, which he operated for nineyears, after which he retired from active business.In political matters Mr. Mears voteswith the Republican party, being convincedthe principles enunciated by that body arethe ones most conducive topublic order andprosperity. Mr. Mears has been one of themost enterprising business men ofthe town,and now enjoys the rest he has fully earnedfor himself by his industry and frugality.ll^OBERT WOOTTON, Secretary of theiMasonic Benefit Association, and agentof the Northwestern Mutual Life InsuranceCompany of Milwaukee, was bornin Cambridge, England, in 1832, son ofWilliam and Hannah (Ilarvey) Wootton.The father died in 1834, and his wife wasmarried a second time, to Robert Fitkin,and in 1836 or 1837 came to America andsettled in Brooklyn, New York, residedthere until 1862, and then removed to BlackHawk county, Iowa, where Mr. Fitkinbought a farm and where he and his wilespent their last years, the former dying atthe age of ninety-two and the latter at theage of eighty-two.Our subject was about four years old whenhe came to America, so he remembers butlittle of iiis native home. He attended theBrooklyn schools untilthirteen years of age,and then entered the printing office of Harperliros. to learn the art preservative. Fromthe printing -room he went to the pressroomand remained, except two years, until1856. Close confinement in the office beganto tell upon his health, and in 1856 he resignedhis position, and, accompanied byhis wife and infant child, he emigrated toIowa. They journeyed by cars to Dtinlcitii,Illinois, which was then the western terminusof the Illinois Central railroad, andfrom there journeyed with a team to Howardcounty, Iowa. At that time mily a |)artof the county had been surveyed and tlie settlementswere few and far between. Heselected a tract of Govern ment him I, erecteda log cabin anil at once commenced to improvethe land. There was no railroadnearer than 100 miles (Dubuque) and noconvenient market, consequently the familylived off the products of their lands andwild game, which was abundant. Burnt

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 415com was used in place of coffee. He residedthere until 1861, liut in Jauuar}' ofthat year he left his family in the log cabinand came to Madison, where he arrivednearly out of funds. He at once found employmentin the press-room of the StateJournal, where he remained one year. Hethen entered the business department of theoffice and continued there until 1869, whenhe resiijned to engage in the grocery businesswith Mr. G. W. Huntley, in which hecontinued seven and one-half years. He thenresumed his connection with the Journaland remained until 1880, when the MadisunPlow Coinpany was formed and he waselected president of it. He remained withthat company two years, and then engagedin the insurance and real-estate business,in which he has contitiued until the presenttime.In 1854 he married Elizabeth DentonMorgan, who was born in New York city,September, 1833, was a daughter of Johnand Caroline Morgan. Two. of their fivechildren are now living, Frank M.and AddieMay. The former is a graduate of the lawdepartment of the State University in theclass of 1890, and is now practicing in thiscity. Our subject was made a Mason in1854, at which time he joiiied Corner StoneLodge of Brooklyn. At the present time heis a member of Madison Lodge, No. 5, A.F. & A. M.; Madison Chapter, No. 4, K.A. M.; Madison Council, No. 3, R. & S.M.; Robert McCoy Commandery, No. 3, K.T.; Hope Lodge, No. 17, L O. O. F.; MadisonEncampment, No. 8, I. O. O. F. Hehas been a Republican since 1861, hasserved one year as ('hairman of the CountyCentral Committee, one term as member ofCounty Hoard of Supervisors, six years as amember of the Citv Council from the SecondWard andSchool Board.fOHNfor several years a member of theH. CORSCOT, secretary of theMadison City Gas, Light and CokeCompany, was born in Wenterswyk,Holland.His father, Gerrit J. Corscot, wasborn in the same place. He learned thetrade of weaver and followed that until 1845,when, accompanied by his wife and twochildren, he came to America. He sailedfrom Rotterdam; landed at New York aftera voyage of seven weeks and three days. Hethen settled at Albany for six months, andthen went to Jordan, Onondaga county.New York, and remained there, engaging infarming until 1855, when he came to Madison,where his death occurred in January,1892, at the age of ninety years. Themaiden name of the mother of our subjectwas Diana Droppers, who was born in tiiesame town as her husband and died inMadison.She reared two sons, William andJohn.Our sul)ject was only seven years old whenhe came to America and attended the publicschools of Jordan, and then came to Madisonand obtained employment in the Madisonmills for two years, and then learned theprinters' trade in the ofHce of the Patriot,which he continued until 1865, and thenentered the employ of the American ExpressCompany as messenger on the Chicago &Northwestern Raih-oad until 1868, when hebecame City Clerk of Madison until 1890,which position he held continuously fortwenty-one years.In 1871 he was married to Julia F. Mayers,born in Westport, Dane county, Wisconsin,daughter of Charles G. and Kate

41G BIOGHAPIIICAL REVlt^V OF(Fitz

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 417to Jefferson. Hero, diirino; tlie winter of1845-46, Mr. Oakley taught the villageschool. In the spring following he reachedMadhson, at that time a mere village. Heresided inMadison until 1854, when he wentto Prescott, where he purchased a farm.Nine years later he moved to Chicago,actively engaged at his trade until 1882,when he purchased the farm lie now occupies.In 1849 he married Susan Jane Sweeney,a native of Canton, Ohio. Tlieir two children,George Waltei- and Horace Sweeney,reside in Chicago. Mr. and Mrs. OaUley aremembers of the Congregational Church. Inpolitical matters Mr. Oakley is a liepublican.PiON. HIRAM H. GILES, one of theprominent men of the city of Madison,Wisconsin, whose name is known thrinighthe State, commercially, politically, and socially,was born in New Salem, Massachusetts,March 22, 1820, and was a son of Hon.Samuel Giles, who was born in the same townand whose grandfather, of early English ancestry,was also born there. The fatherof our subjectwas reared to agricultural pursuits andspent his entire life on the farm where heMassachusetts State Legislation.was born excepting when a member of theThe maidenname of the mother was Hannah Foster,born in the same town, where she also spenther whole life. She was the mother of ninechildren. The parents of Hiram Giles wereUnitarians in their religious belief.The fatherwas reared a Democrat and served inthe offices of his town, having been Selectman,County Co^mmissioner, and a memberof the State Senate.Until the age of seventeen years, our subjectremained with his parents and then, onaccount of illhealth went South, aeeoni]ianiedby his lirother who lectured on electricity.The brothers traveled together for a year anda half, at the end of which time Hirambought the apparatus of hisbrother and continuedthe lectures through several difTerentStates, and also went into Canada. Twoyears he spent on a farm in Erie county,Pennsylvania, and then, in 1S44, he made atrip to the Territory of Wisconsin and selecteda farm in Dane county, later returningto Erie county, Pennsylvania, and engagingin farming and lumbering for a space of twoyears. In 1847 he returned to his futurehome, settling upon the land he had boughtin Dunkirk township, three miles from thepresent town of Stoughton.At this time there were no railroads andMilwaukee was the nearest depot for supplies.On one occasion Mr. Giles employeda neighbor to draw a load of wheat to Milwaukeeand on his return paid the neighbors$5 above what the wheat brought for his expenses.Pork sold at that time for $2.50per hundred pounds net, and oats 12^ centsper bushel. Sometimes agriculture in thenew State seemed discouraging, but he continuedat it for years, but in 1853 was appointedstation agent at Stoughton, beingthe first one to hold a position of this kindat that important railroad center. Here heremained until 1870, when he was appointedclaim and right-of-way agent for the Milwaukee& Prairie du Chien Railroad, nowthe Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul RailroadCompany and continued their trusted manuntil 1881.In 1871 he was appointed upon the StatePoard of Charities and Reform, and continueda member until it was abolished in 1891.

418 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFMuch of his time for the past ten years hasbeen devoted to the work of that board, andin 1887 he was elected president of the NationalConference of Charities and Correction.In 184:4 Mr. Giles cast his first vote forllenry Clay and voted with the Whitr partyuntil the formation ofthe Republican party.His ability as a politician was soon recogniztniand he was elected to the State Le

DANE COUNTY, WISOONHTN. 419cessful business and remained there until1855, when he removed his business to Madison.Upon locating liere Ira W. became a partnerwith his brother, wlio had established a carriagemanufa(;tory here, and they conductedthe business tof^ether, until 1861, when oursubject was appointed Chief of l*olice andStreet Superintcjndent, and disposed of hisinterest in the business to his l>rother. Heserved as chief one year and street superintendenttwo years. After that he engagedin the dry-goods business about four years,since which time he has been retired fromactive business.Mr. Ijird was married in 1852 to MissChristina L. Stoner, of Skaneateles, NewYork, whose father was a Drum Major inthe war of 1812. They have had four children:Spencer A., Truman E., Allice andKate 13. Only two are living, Truman E.and Kate B. The former is married andresides at Salt Lake City, Utah, the latter isan accomplished musician, and one of Madison'sattractive ladies. A brief sketch of herlife is given in connection with, and followingthat of her fathers.Politically, Mr. Bird is a Democrat, andat one time served as Deputy Sheriff of thecounty. He was appointed one of the Commissionerson the Wisconsin Farm MortgageLand Commission by Governor Taylor, in1875, aud remained on said commission untilit was closed in 1884. The commission wasorganizedby an act of the Wisconsin Legislaturein 1868, for the purpose of reimbursingas far as possible tliose farmers who weredeceived by false representations of certainrailroad companies, whereby many of thefanners lost their homes. The claims thatcame before the commission amounted toone and a half milliondollars.Mr. Bird is a thirty-second -degree Masonand a prominent member of the order. Mr.Bird's grandfather, Ira W. Bird, and hisbrotiier, Augustus A. Bird, went west togetheras far as Ann Arbor, Michigan, wherethe former remained, the latter proceedingwestward about the year 18;i2, in theprimitivemode of that time. an

420 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFcourse under leading and first lady teacherin Leipzii;.Having spent years of steady perseverancein tiie acquiring of a broad education, shehas reached a point fitted to taiie a place withothers in the broad field of art, prepared todevote all energy, education and a life-vporkin tiio cause of true individual and nationalAmerican art. She has had unusual advantagesand experience in study and travel, hertravels including the north, east and west ofAmerica, three diflferent tours of all Europeancountries, and one extended tour from Europeout as far south as Australia and North andSouth Islands of New Zealand. The young,intelliifeiit American man or woman in thelong, endless search after education andknowledge, in the study of the progress anddevelopment of the industries, arts and mankindin foreign countries and our own, mustrealize the wonderful and rapid developmentof America, the individual energy, enthusiasmand indomitable will necessary to thecontinuance and higher development ofAmerica. To the young, energetic, patrioticAmerican falls the work of furtheringand developing the interests ofAmerica andcarrying on the work so grandly conceivedand made possible through the determinedefforts of our brave and patriotic forefathers.Frontier life still goes on, but with less privationand hardship than formerly, and tothis is added an age of remarkable mentalacliievements, an age of great strivings andcompetition. To every American is giventhe grand gift of a free birthright, a life tobe devoted to America and her people. Individual success means national success.AllTIN FEULING, a farmer andstock raiser, of Bristol township,Dane county, is a son of LeonardFeuling, a native of Bavaria, Germany. Thelatter was well educated, was a good LatinBcliolar, and learned the trade of a blacksmithfrom his father, which he followed fiveyearsin the old country. In 1847, after a si.xweeks' voyage, he landed in New York, butwas sick with the cholera for four weeksthereafter. After his recovery he came toMilwaukee, Wisconsin, thence on foot toHampden, Columbia county, and later erecteda blacksmith shop at Baker's corner. NorthBristol, where he worked at liis trade threeyears. Mr. Feuling next went to Koxburytownship, and in 188i returned to Hampden,Columbia county, where he died in 1884, andwas buried in the East Bristol Catholic Cemetery.He was a prominent man of his township,was Chairman of the Hoard a numberof years, and took an active part in schoolmatters. He was first married to Mary Conrad,and they had two children: Margaret,wife of John llulm, of Pueblo, Colorado; andMartin, our subject.For his second wife hemarried Annie Ackerman, and they had tenchildren, as follows: Adam, a resident ofMontana; Louisa, of Milwaukee; Mary, ofHampden, Columbia county, Wisconsin;Lona, in the town of York; Leonard, diedSeptember, 181t2; Frank, of Milwaukee;Madelina, of Hampden tuwll^hip; .John, athome; Joseph, at home; and Eddie, deceasetl.Martin Feuling, the subject of this sketch,was born iu Roxbury township in 1852, receiveda good edtieation in the schools ofHampden, Columbia county, and remained athome until twenty-one years of age. Hethen worked for w'ages six years, three yearsfor John Derr, two years for John Fox, and

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 421one year for John Smith, and during tiiistime saved §600. After his marriage, hisfather gave him $1,200, making him a cashcapital of $1,800. After worl

422 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFyear, the following year paid cash rent for afarm in Sun Prairie townsliip, was thenemployedby a farmer, and later spent twomonths in St. Louis. During this time hesucceeded in savintr ^l.ijOO, and also owns ahalf acre of land in East J3ristol. Mr. Moreththen remained in that city five years,during which time he purchased forty acresof land in Bristol township, but afterwardsold his entire property and bought eightyacres of his present farm, foi' which he paid§2,900. He afterward bought forty acres,adjoining, en section 3, erected a good, commodiousresidence, barns, etc., and he nowowns 160 acres of tine land in one body. Inaddition to tliis he has IfiO acres on section10, and he now cultivates his entire place of320 aci-es.Mr. Moreth was married December 29,1801, to Theresia Schenacher, a native ofBavaria, Germany, and a daughter of AndrewSchenacher. In 1846, at the age ofeleven years, she came with her parents toAmerica, landing in this country after a voyageof thirty-si.x days. After settling inBristol township, Dane county, Wisconsin, thefather had only $50, with which he purchasdeighty acres of land, lie first stopped withhis nephew, and immediately began the erectionof his shanty, which he covered withhay and brush. The family, consisting ofparents and nine children, began their pioneerlife in this small hut, with no money,and at that time only four families resided inthis vicinity. They ground their wheat in acoffee-mill, and lived mostly on bread andpotatoes, principally the latter. Wheat washauled to ^lilwaukee, by oxen, and sold at asmall price, at times receiving onlyeighteencents per bushel. In 1857 Mr. Schenacher'seldest son purchased his farm, and he thenbought forty acres on section 11, but fiveyears later he sold all but one acre of thatplace, where he reuiained until 1884. Mrs.S(!henacher died in 1872, and was buried inthe Catholic Cemetery in Bristol township.Since tlie mother's death, the father hasmade his home with his daughter, Mrs. Moreth,and is now ninety-two years of age. Hehas contributed his full share toward thedevelopment of Dane county, has alwaysbeen a man of good habits, and still bids fairto live for many years. He has lived to seehis children all in good circumstances, whichis the legitimate fruit of his labor and sacrifice,and he nears the grave with the satisfactionof knowing that his life was wellspent, not selfishly, but for the good of others.Mr. and Mrs. Moreth have had thirteenchildren, namely: Mary Catrina. wife of J.Schmidt, of Bristol township; Katrina, nowMrs. Valentine Fox, of Hampden, Columbiacounty; Barbara, formerly a student in theFond du Lac College, is now teaching in theSisters' school; Ange, of Cambridge, Wisconsin;Madeline, at home; Maggie, in theConvent at Fond du Lac; Antonia A., athome; Frank, who is being educated for apriest at Fond du Lac; Fred, deceased; AnnieMargaret, Hilda, Theresia and Charles Joseph,at home.EORGE F. HARMON, residing onsection 2,Montrose township, a jiroininentman of Dane county, has residedhere since 1854. He was born in Ruiicrt.Bennington county. Vermont, July 19, 1847.a son ofEzra J. and Laura Ann (Smith) Harmon,natives of the same State and county.The father of our subject was a Vermontfarmer, who in 1854. came to Wisconsin,settling- in Montrose township, where he

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 423purchased a 200 acre tract of partially improvedland on sections 15 and 16.Here heresided some fifteen years, then sold andpurcliased a farm on section34, consisting of120 acres, and on this place he died in 1871,at the age of fifty-one years. The mother ofour subject resiiles in Belleville. These parentsreared four children, as follews: AmosDeWitt, who was a member of Company E,Twenty-third Wisconsin Volunteers, diedservice during the late war; our subject;Fred P., who resides in Belleville;inand Maryv., wife of Homer Paytie, a resident ofBelleville.Our subject was seven years old when thefamily settled in Wisconsin. He was rearedon the farm and attended the district school,after which he worked two years as a farmhand. In 1870 he married Hoi'tense Weils,a daughter of Alonzo C!. Wells. She wasborn in Verona township, Dane county, June12, 1848. Her parents were pioneers of saidtow^lship, her father being a farmer, who diedin Montrose township. Soon after marriage,in 1871, our subject settled where he nowlives, and purchased 100 acres of land. Herehe has good buildinjjs, modern improvementsand everything very comfortable.In politicsMr. Harmon is a Democrat, althougii he was aRepublican previous to 1876. Pie has alwaysbeen iiiterested in local politics, wastownship Treasurer in 1879 and 1880, andhas served as Chairman of the TownshipBoard of Supervisors in 1881, '82, '83, '87and '92. He is a member of Oregon Lodge,No. 151, A. F. & A. M.; Belleville Lodge,No. 74, I. O. O. F., and has passed all thechairs, and has been a delegate to the GeneralLodge several times. He has also beena delegate to the county anddistrict conventionsofhis party.fRANCISA. OGDEN, one ofthe capitalistsof Madison and Chicago, is a^ native of New York, having been bornin the Empire State, at Painted Post, Steubencounty. His lather, Abram Ogden, wasborn inDelaware county, New York and wasthe son of Abran) and Sarah (Craig) Ogden.The father of our subject was reared in hisnative State and engaged in the lumberbusiness there. In 1836 he emigrated westerward, journeying with a team to Buffalo,thence via lake to Detroit ami then startedagain with his team for an overland journeyto Chicago. As the roads were very poor hestopped in Berrien county, Michigan, andwas one ot the early settlers of that place.IIo bought a tract of land, whichwas a partof the Indian reservation and built a loghouse on the land. Here he remained until1847, entraged in aorricultural pursuits. Atthat date he sold out and, with his familymade a journey overland to Madison, wherehe invested in real estate. He had been therebut a short time when he was elected Justiceot the Peace and served in that capacity until1856, wlien his deatli occurred. He waskilled by the cars while trying to board amoving train. The maiden name of his wifewas Mary Smith, who was burn in Rensselaercounty. New York. August 29, 1798.She isstill living with mental falcnlties unimpaired.She was the mother of eight children, fournow living, namely: Caleb S., a Judge inWaupaca county; John, a practicing physicianin Arkansas; Sarah married to John D.Welch and still a resident of this city. Herhusband was a soldier in the late war andlater served as Sheriff of Dane county, butis now deceased.Our subject received his early educationin the pioneer schools of Berrien county. Thefurniture of these schools was of the most

424 BIOORAPHICAL REVIEW OFprimitive kind.After coming to Madison beattended the State University, where hecompleted his course and then engaged in tiielumber business, which he continued someyears.For several years be has been engagedin the real-estate business here in which behas been very successful. He built the HotelOgden, which bears his name, and has improveda considerable amount of otherproperty here. He is also largely interestedin Chicaeo real estate and makes his home apart of the time inthat city.Mr. Ogden is a member of the BaptistChurch and in politics is a Democrat, followingin the footsteps of his honored sire in thisrespect, as he too was an advocate of theprinciples of Democracy. The dear oldmother is also a stanch partisan of theparty and continues to take a deep interestin the affairs of the nation.tIKAMC. WILLSON, a popular andenterjjrising citizen of Madison, wasborn in Belchertown, Hampshire county,Massachusetts, August 18,1836.His father,Estes Willson was born in the same town,and his father, grandfather of subject, NathanWillson, was also a native of the same place,as far as known, althougii of English ancestry.He was a farmer and spent his last days inlielchertown.The father of our subject wasreared to manhood in his native town andremained there engaged infarming until thefall of 1865, when he emigrated to Illinois,settling about twenty miles from Champaign,where he spent the remainder of his daysthere. The maiden name of the mother ofour subject was Sally Currier, born in Belchertown,Massachusetts, daughter of SamuelCurrier. She died in Illinois, after becomingthe mother of fourteen children.Our subject was reared in Belchertown,residing there until 1863, when he came toDane county, arriving in Madison on thefirst of April. He bought fifteen acres ofland near the city limits, lived there until1880, then sold and removed to Madison,where he remained two years and then locatedon tlie farm, where he now resides three andone-half miles from the capitol.Here he hasengaged in farming and general fruit raising.September 27, 1859, be was married toMiss liuth Sophia Blackmer, who was bornin Belchertown, Massachusetts. Her father,Hiel K., Blackmer, was also born in Belchertown,and his father, Reuben, was a native ofthe same State, of English ancestors. Hisoccupation was that of farming and he spenthis last years in Belchertown. The father ofMrs. Willson bad a farm near the old homeand spent the remainder of his days there.The maiden name of his third wife, motherof Mrs. "Willson, was Lidia Kichardson, bornin North Leverett, Massachusetts, and shespent her last years on the home farm.Mrs.Willson was reared and educated in hernative town and there taught one term ofschool before her marriage. She is a physicianof the Faith Cure perstiasion and agraduateof the Spiritual Science University, alsoobtaining the degree of Ph. D. of Chicago.Her diploma bears the date of September 8,1887. Mr. and Mrs. AVillson have one adopteddaughter, Ruth Elmina, having buried threechildren. Lillian ;Sophia died in her thirteenthyear; and Rosalind E. died in infancy, ilr.Willson is a Republican in politics. Mr. andMrs. Willson are well known inof country.All are members of the CongregationalChurch.their section

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 435I^ONORABLE H. F. W. FETILANDTis one of the prominent pui)lic men ofDane county, Wisconsin. In 1S88 hewas the representaiive of the county in theAssembly, and in 1890 he was elected to hispresent otiice of Circuit Clerk.Our subject was the son of Carl Fehlandt(see biography for family history), was borninMecklenburg Schwerin, Germany, December20, 1851, and was educated inthe publicand also in private schools of a country notedfor the attention given to education. In 1865he came with his parents to this country andwith them came immediately to Dane countyand made settlement.became successful farmers, andHere all of the familyfor the samereason, and that was, that all were of suchindustrious and perseveringhabits that theycould not help but succeed. Our subject isincluded in this class.When Mr. Fehlandt first entered public lifeit was predicted of him that he would makehis mark and the prediction seems likely tobe realized.Although he was reared upon afarm he had ambitions'above the toilsome lifeof the mere agriculturist and his talents wererecognized, and in 1888 he was honored byhis fellow-citizens with an election to the8tate Legislature. While there he was amember of the Committee on Expenditures,and Manufactures and Industries. So welldid hie satisfy the citizens of the county thatin 1890 he was elected to the office of ('ircuitClerk, and re-elected in 1892, the circuitincluding the counties of Dane, Columbia,Sauk, Juneau, Adams and Marquette.Our subject has been elected fi'(>m Berrytownship, Dane county, where he had livedfor some years. He was elected TownshipSupervisor of his township in 1880 and heldthe office for eleven years and extendedthrough the tin)e he was inthe Assembly andsome of the time since his election to hispresent office. For the last eight years hehas Ijeen Chairman of the Hoard. He stillholds his tineproperty near Mazo Manie.Mr. I'ehlandt was united inmatrinumy inBerry township, Dane county, to Miss FredericaReese, who was born and reared intownship.thatShe is a lady of many accomplishments,and lias proven an excellent wife andmother. She is the daughter of Hans Reese,a native of Ilolstein, Germany, a soldier inthe Holstein-Schleswick war of IS48, andwho, in1855 emigrated to the United Statesand settled upon a farm in Dane county.He and his wife now live in Mazo Manie, quiteoldpeople.Mr. and Mrs. Fehlandt ofthis notice, areparents of the following living children, notforgetting little Linda, who was takenaway by death. They are: Flora E., Elsie S.,William L., and Lillie.Our subject is a member of the Democraticparty and as the above sketch relates he is aprominent man in its ranks. The LutheranChurch is the religious denomination to whichMr. Fehlandt and family belong.^ (Q> ^fOIINB. HEIM, superintendent of theMadison City Water Works, now servinjjhis tenth term as the same, is the subjectof the present sketch. He is a prominentman in many ways, and has been identifiedwith the most of the public enterprisesof the city. Mr. Ileim is a member of thebuilding committee of the new Holy RedeemerChurch parochialschool, at a cost of$32,000. He supports liberally both churchand school, and is a trustee of the former,a prominent member of the St. Michael'sSociety, its Secretary, and represented the

420 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFsociety at the National Coveiitiou held inLouisville, Kentucky, in 1891, and in Dubuquein 1892. He is Treasurer of theCatcholic Knight branch, No. 88, a chartermember of the same, and was a delegate tothe last State Convention at Waukesha, andis a member of tiie executive committee ofthe Catholic Benevolent Societies of Wisconsin.He is a prolific writer for the variouswater-works journals, and writes with ability.Our subject was born in Rochester, NewYork, July 15, 1848, and came to MadisonApril 22, 1858, with his parents, Conrad andAnastacia (Aut) Heim, natives of Bavariaand of Hesse, respectively. The father cameto the United States in 1846, and a year laterwas followed by the lady who became hiswife and the mother of our subject. Theywere married in Rochester, and after comingto Wisconsin, located in Madison, Danecounty, Wisconsin, and here the wife andmother died in 1865, aged forty-two years.The father is now living with his tiiird wifeat Springtield Corners, and in November,1892, was seventy-one years of age. He andhis three spouses have allbeen Roman Catholics.Mr. Heim, of this notice, is the eldest inthe family of ten children. One brother,Joseph .1., is the foreman of tiie OaklandTribune, in Oakland, California, and oneother, F. G., is the head of a cigar manufactoryin Urbana, Ohio, while the youngestbrother, Ferdinand, is a farmer of Middleton,Wisconsin. At the age of ten years oursubject came to this city, wiiei'e he waschiefly educated. When thirteen years ofage lie was apprenticed to the trade of bookbinder,and served his term of sixyears, andlater became foreman for W. J. Park & Co.,general bookbinders and publishers of Madison.He managed his department, the firmflourished, and he remained with themuntilcalled to his present position. Ifi 1881 hewas elected Alderman of the Second Ward,which election was a triumph which showedhis personal popularity, as he is politically aDemocrat and received the election in a Repuljlicanward. On account of having thelargest number of votes of any Alderman inthe city, he was called the Senior Alderman,and was entitled to hold office for two yearswithout re-election.The subject of the l)uilding of the waterworkswas being atritated durincr liis term ofoffice, a company desiring the franchise. Hewas largely instrumental in securing thepresent practical and successful system ofwater supply to be owned by the city.Tiiiswas a system which j)laces the water supplyunder the entire control of the city, ratherthan a monopoly, and as this has saved thecity many thousands of dollars, his servicesare appreciated. In view of his good workand earnest labors, he was made chairman ofthe committee on construction. He was theyoungest member of the committee at tiiattime, being not many years past bis majority,but he was earnest, thorough, and did hiswork satisfactorily.After the completion of the works, in 1882,at the earnest solicitation of the people andthe committee, be accepted the superintendencyof the works, and was at the headof its management until April, 1S89, whenhe resigned, and then opened up a plumbingbusiness. He was too valuable a man in hisformer position, and at the request of thecommissioners, in October, 1890, he againaccepted the superintendency, and has heldthat important office ever since. He sold hisplumbing business, and has since given hiswhole time to the proper management of thewater-works.He has been interested in local

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 437societies, and was made secretary of tliesociety known as the Relief Xo. 2, foreighteen years successively, andhas been reelectedfor the nineteenth time.In politicallife he has been an important factor in thiscounty, having been many times a delegateto the local, county and State convention.s.Our subject was married in this city, toMiss Mary E. liickenbach, who was born inBlooming Grove, Dane county, Wisconsin,in 1853, and was reared and educated here.She was a very bri

428 BIOQRAPniCAL RRVIEW OF1872, and the following year Mr. Haseltinewas united in marriage with Minnie E.Whitney, who was horn in Ivochester, NewYork. By this marriage he has no children.fAMESTUSLEK, a successful businessman of Stonghtim, Dane county, Wisconsin,was born in county Surrey,England, July 17, 1820, a son of Stephen andMary (Hampshire) Tusler, who were alsoborn and reared in that county. In 1832they came to America on the Sovereign, asailing vessel, leaving England April 10,1832. and landed seven weeks and two dayslater. They first located in Oneida county,New York, and in 1835 removed to Warrencounty, Pennsylvania. The parents reareda family of nine children, eight sons and onedaughter, of whom onr subject was the secondin order of hirtli,and the six eldest wereborn in England.James Tusler received a good education inEngland, attended the district schools twowinters in New '\'ork, and also in Pennsylvania.He was engaged in farming on hisfather's farm in the latter State until reachingyears of maturity, and was also employed asa millwright and at the carpenters' trade.1850 he came to Dane county, Wisconsin,where he was engaged one year inInthe pineriesat Big Bull Falls; then walked from hishome to Milwaukee, requiring two and a halfdays to make the trip; in the spring of 1851went to Douglass Mill; and April 1, 1852,purchased eighty acres of land on section 27,Dunn township. Mr. Tusler's possessionsthen consisted of a yoke of three old steers,two heifers and four sheep, and after live yearsofwork had succeeded so admirably as to beable to take his family toPennsylvania on avisit. lie added to his original purchaseuntil he owned 175 acres. In the spring of1878 he came to Stoughton, and since thattime has always taken an active interest inthe upbuilding of this city. lie has servedas Assessor of Duna township three terms, asSupervisor several terms, and has also heldmany other offices ofhis township.Our subject was married July 9, 1843, toKcichel Bindley, then of Warren county,Pennsylvania, but a native of England, havingcome to the United States when only sixyears of age. They have had four children:Henry M., Herbert M., Horace M. and HelenM. The latter is the wife of E. F. I^age, ofSt. Cloud, Minnesota. The mother diedApril 24, 1886. Mr. Tusler has in his seventy-firstyear made for himself a cane composedof 1,378 pieces.-^ ^ENNING FITCH, one of the leadingunilertakcrs of Madison, Wisconsin, locatedat 123 West Main street, came toto this city inbut 300 souls.1846, when the population wasAfter he came here he beganto work in a furniture store Ixdonging toDarwin Clark, who was the oldest settler ofthe city, and in 1849 established himself inbusiness on the corner of West Main streetand Fairchild street, where he has since been,and where he now carries on undertakingbusiness, and for a time diii job work in furniture.Mr. Fitch has always taken an active interestinpolitics, and has held several local official|)08itions at the hands of the Democraticparty. He has been at the head of the CemeteryAssociation, which is owned by the city,and has looked after his own affairs withoutl)othering about others, and has thus builtup

PANE COUNTY, WTSOONSIN. 4'.'0a tine property. He is tlie prujirietor of theFitcli liloel^, a larii;c, two-story brick blockbuilt by him in 1871. Mr. Fitch came toWisconsin from the Einpire State, liaviiigbeen born in Franklin township, Delawarecounty, iS'ew York, where he was educated.Later he went to Unadilla, Otsego county.New York, and learned his trade of cabinetmaking,and soon after set out for the newwest country, via the Erie canal and the lakes,landing at Racine, Wisconsin, where he didjourneyman work for six weeks, and thencame on to thi.s city.Our subject is the son of Dr. William Fitch,a native of Connecticut, who came of NewEngland parentage, growing up iu his nativeHe removed to Delaware county. NewState.York and began the practice of medicine,where he spent the inostof his life, a few yearsof wliich were passed in Illinois. He diedin Tompkins county. New York, at the age ofmore than three score years and ten. Hiswife, whom he had married in Delawarecounty, died there when past middle life, hermaiden name being Hanna Follet.Our subject is the only one of the familyliving in the West; his brother William, whois older, lives in Tompkins county, New York,where he ispracticing physician.Mr. Fitch was married in Dane county,Wisconsin, to Miss Roxy E. Oatlin, who wasborn and reared near the line between Yermontand New York. She came West withher parents in 1839. They were Horatioand Aurvilla (Farr) Catlin, and they livedbe seventy -six and eighty years, respectively.They were pioneers who had helped to developDane county, and Mr. John ("atlin, abrother ofHoratio Catlin, was prominent inthe early history of the State as secretary ofthe Territory, and as president of what is nowthe St.20Faul & Milwaukee Railroad, and wastoalso priimincnt in local matters. Mrs. Fitch,the wife of our subject, has been one of theactive and leading matrons of this city.Twobrothers, Abijah and Horatio, yet live, theformer in Madison and the latter in MazaManie.Mr. and Mrs. Fitch have three sons andone daughter: John C, at present a furnitureand undertaking dealer at Sun Prairie,who married Mary Beauregard Rosa, thewife of A. N. Briggs, a manufacturinir cheniistat Colorado Springs, Colorado; WilliamD., associated with his father in business,married Rose Gibson, of Madison; and FredF., who is a clothing merchant at Seneca,Kans?,s.|:ILLrAM T.OLSON, of Dane county,Wisconsin, was born in Dunkirk"^J township, tins county, Mai-ch 27,1859, a son of Torgram Olson and AnneWettleson, natives of Tillemarken, Norway.The parents came to America in 1845, locatingin Dunkirk township, Dane county, Wisconsin.The father followed farming in hisnative country, also after coming to America,but in 1859 he went to California, spenttwelve years inmining in California and Nevada.In 1871 lie returned to his old home iu]>unkii-k, where they now reside. They havetwo living children:William T.,our subject,and Turena, wife of All)ert Torgusen, ofStoughton.AVilliam T. Olson was educated inthe districtschools of Dunkirk and in the highschools of Stoughton. At the age of twentyoneyears he began farming and raisingtobacco, in which he met with good success.In the fall of 1890 he purchased the RevereHotel at Stoughton, but in the spring of

480 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OF1891 sold out and again began farming andtobacco raisinff, togetlier with buying leaftobacco.In the summer of 1891 he erectedhis handsome two-story residence on Westand Main streets. Mr. Olson has rented hisfarm, and now devotes his entire attention tobuying anda lartreselling leaf-tobacco, representingleaf-tobacco house of New York.lie was married September 18, 1888, toSusie Alme, a native of Pleasant Springtownship, and a daughter of John Alme.Mr. Olson is a Democrat in his politicalviews, and religiously is a member of theLutheran Church, known as the Synod.the spring of 1892. During that time hehad been a student with Pinney and Sanborn,and now is a member of the firm ofSanborn & Kerr.Mr. Kerr is a Republican in his politicalviews and has become prominent in the partywork in the present campaign. He is a verybright and intelligent member of the legalprofession, receiving recognition throughoutthe county. After his first year of graduationhe received the degree of A. M., and isone of the most scholarly members of the barin the city. A great grief was the death fhis beloved motiier in July, 1890.fAMESB. KERR, one of the promisingyoung members of the Dane county bar,is the subject of the present brief notice.He was born in Reloit, Wisconsin, September28, 18(57, a son of Alexander and Katherine(Brown) Kerr.His father was born inAberdeenshire, Scotland, and his mother wasa native of Shirley, Alassachusetts. Thefather is the well-known Professor of Greekat the Wisconsin State University, and wasthe father of two sotis. our subject andCharles II., who is a pul)iisher in Chicago,Illinois.Professor Kerr came to this city in1870 and accepted the Chair of Greek in theUniversity, which he has lield with greatefficiency.James B. was sent in youth to the commonschools, wherehe received a foundation education,upon which he later built when heentered the University of Wisconsin in 1885,where he took the classical course, graduatingin the class of 188'J with the degreeof B. A. Elected to a Fellowshij), for oneyear he taught Greek, but in the fall of 1890he entered the law school and graduated in^LE WETTLESON, a successful farmerof Dane county, Wisconsin, was born inPleasant Spring township, this county,December 14, 1847, a son of Wettle Tronsonand Susan (Jacobson) Wettleson. The parentsjame from Norway to America in 1843,where the father engaged in farminij, tuit inhis native country was a jeweler. He diedwhen our subject was six months old, afterwhich the mother married P. S. Asmundson,and they located on section 2(3, PleasantSpring townsiiip. He died in February andshe in October, 1890.Ole Wettleson, was reared on a farm, andat the age of eighteen years, in March, 18G5,enlisted for the late war, in Company E,Fifty-second Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry,under Colonel H. J. Lewis, and CaptainWalter G. Zustroev Kuessoev. He servedprincipally in Missouri and Kansas, l)ut didnot participate in any noted battles. He wasmustered o!it at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas,July 2(3, 1805. In March, 1866, he engagedon a passenger and mail routeFargo & Co.'s overland stage infor the Wells,Montana; in

DANE COUNTY, Wr.SCONaJN. 431the fall of 1868 commenced work on theUnion Pacific Railroad, in Salt Lake City;in the summer of 1869 began farming inWisconsin; in 1872 began the same occupationin Richland county, and six years laterbought his present farm of 160 acres on section28. Mr. Wettleson is enijaaed in seneralfarming and stock-raisin^ij.He was married in May, 1870, to ChristyErdahl, of Pleasant Spring township, andthey have had five children: Susan R., LouisWilliam, Josephine, Peter and Charles Grin.Politically, Mr Wettleson is identified withthe Republican party, socially, is a memberof Stoughtoi) Lodge, G. A. R. ; and religiously,is a member of the LutheranChurcli.fOIIN-^^^'^'^'^'^^?^CORY, one of Madison's leadingcontractors and builders, was born atBrighton, Essex county, Vern)ont, May18, 1838. son of James .ind Deljorah (Mor-I'ell) Gory. His father, a native of NewHampshire, remained in that State until thetime of his marriage, when he moved withhis young wife to Vermont. She was a nativeof Canada, but was reared in the GreenMountain State. Tiiey had three sons andseven dauirhtei-s, John being the eighth l)orn.His father was by occupation a farmer andlumberman, and in the year 1852 moved withhis family to the State of Wisconsin andlocated in Dane county, whei'e he purchased afarm in Sun Prairie township and engagedin farming. There the mother died thatsame year. The father survived her until thespring of 1890, when his death occurred inCalifornia.The subject of our sketch was brought upto agricultural pursuits, and during his earlyboyhood days attended the district schools aportion of the time. Later, he had bettereducational advantages; attended the academiesat Watertown and Sun Prairie, andcompleted a course in science and mathematicsat the Waterloo Institute, Waterloo,Wisconsin.In September, 1861, he enlisted in CompanyG, First Wisconsin Infantry, servingin the Army of Tennessee until October 8,1862, when at the battle of Perryville hewas first wounded in the right arm, but continuedin the fight until receiving anotherwound in the left wrist, when he was compelledto leave the field. He was dischargedat Louisville about February 1, 1863.On arriving at home he commenced hisscliooling at Sun Prairie, and while tlwrehelped to organize acompanyof sixty troops,and was, on the resignation of the first Captain,although only Second Sergeant, electedas the Captain by every vote in the company.In the fall of 1864, he with others, organizeda company of heavy artillery, and was madeSergeant; went with the company to Virginia,and in July, 1865, returned as SecondLieutenant.On arriving at home he was married toMiss Anna L. Lyon, a music teacher in theWaterloo Institute, and came to Sun Prairie,where he engaged in the carpenter businessuntil 1870. Tliat year he came to Madison,and engaged in contracting and buildinn-, towhich he has since devoted his, time and attention.He has built many of the elegantresidences of this city, and constructedchurches, school buildings a,nd other publicand private, buildings at various points in theStf^te. About 1873 he took a full course inthe Northwestern Business College, thenconducted by B. F. Worthing. Mr Cory hasthree children, two daughters and one sou:Mary E., Edwin L. and Anna L. G.

432 BIOGRAPHlCAh REVIEW OFMr. Cory is politically a Republican, religiousiyaBaptist, and sJocially a member ofthe Good Temp larsforovcr tweuty-tive years;also a member of the Temple of Iloiior, inwhich institution be has held the highestofiices in the lodges. He is also a memberof the G. A. R., and also of the Foresters.^ARTIN V. GUNZOLAS, of Danecounty, Wisconain, was bornin Jeffersoncounty, New York, April 3,1835, a sou of John and Evoline (Hart) Gnnzolas,both born near Amsterdam, Fultoncounty, New York.His people were originallyof Holland and German descent, andboth grandfathers fought in the Revolutionarywar. The pat(!rnal grandfather was alsoa soldier in the war of 1812. In 1849 theparents of our subject came to Rutland township.Dane county, Wisconsin, where the fatherengaged in farming. They reared afamily of seven children, four sons and threedaughters, and the youngest son w-as killedinthe late war at Ship's Island.Martin V. Gunzolas' attended school inDane county, and was engaged in farming inRutland township from the age of twentyoneyears to 1861. He then followed thesame occupation in Jones county, Iowa, twoyears; in the fall of 1863 returned to his formerhome in Rutland township, and in 1885sold out and came to Stoughton. Mr. Gunzolaswas then employed in the sale of farmmachinery for the firm of William Deering,but, finding the work too hard, resigned hisposition after three years. He now makes aspecialty of the sale of the Fort AtkinsonwatTons and carriages, also handling harnessand the Stoughton wagons.Our subject was married March 20, 1856,to Margaret Groat, then of Dnnn township,Dane couTity, but a native of Canada. Tothis union have been born three children:Henry Ethan (named after Ethan Allen),Addie S. and Riburie A. Mr. Gunzolas affiliateswith the Republican party and fortwo years served as Township Treasurer ofRutland township.Socially, he affiliates withthe Odd Fellows of Stoughton, and the K. ofP., and religiously, isa member of the MethodistChurch.y^^ICHAEL IVERSON, a physician and\»«u|; surgeon of Stoughton, was born in^^^^ Bergen, Norway, November 30, 1861,a son of Iver and Maria (Iloegh) Iverson.The father was a leading watclnnaker by professionand still resides in Norway as awellto-doman, on his villa in the charniing" Kalverdale "' near P>ergen. Michael waseducated in the Latin school of Bergen, also inthe University of Christiania, where he gradnatedin 1882 with examen artium (A. M.),then the next year passed examen philosophicum.He then studied medicine for sevenyears and graduated at the reguhir medicalcollege of Christiania, Norway, in 189U. Howas also for one year, 1885-'86, a studentunder the well-known Prof.Freybnrg, Germany, and was hisWeidersheim, atassistant inanatomy and dissection for si.\ months. Mr.Iverson came to America in1S!)1, locating inStoughton, Wisconsin, where he is engagedas a physician and surgeon, giving specialattention to the treatment of the eye andear. lie speaks with facility the Englishand German languages.He was married i'l August, 1891, to IlelgaEide, daughter of Eide, the stateagronom ofSondpyord, Norway. Mr. Iverson is one of

DAIiE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 433the most prosperous physicians of tiie city^and his tine qualitieations entitle liiin to t!ieconfidence and patronage of the pul(li(; ingeneral. Notwithstanding he has been hereless than two years, he has built up a practicefar beyond his most saguine expectationsand is a rival to those of life-long residence.fOHNII. STARCK, one of the enterprisingcitizens of Madison, Wisconsin,was born in Germany, near theriver Rhine, in a Rhine province,September23, 1838, son of John and Helen (Mick)Starck, both born and reared in the sameprovince, which land was soon after turnedover to France. The business of the fatherwas the manufacture of pottery and smokingpipes, coining to America in 184(3, when oursubject was seven years of age.Tiie first location ofthe family was in Milwaukee,Wisconsin, and here the father rearedhis seven children, our subject being the oldest.Here John Starck, Sr., lived until hisdeath, in 1866, in the month of October, andthe affliction so overcame the mother thatshe died inthe same month, within one weekof her husband. Mr. Starck had been in thebusiness of pipe manufacture at the time ofhis death.Our subject went to the common schoolsof Milwaukee, but soon found it advisableto enter into business, therefore he beganlearning the carpenter trade under JohnMailer and remained with that firm from thetime he was eighteen until he was abouttwenty. In 1877 he came to Madison andentered into business of contracting hereupon his own responsibility, remaining inthe business until nine years ago, having devotedhis whole time toit.In 1883 oursubject started a planing millon Washinirton avenue and there encraijedthe manufacture of sash, doors, blinds andeverything used in thc^ construction of buildings.He has erected some of the leadingbusiness blocks in this city and did the woodworkon the Dane county courthouse. Hedid allof the contracting on the new PresbyterianChurch, the Third Ward School, theState dairy and cow building, and also thearmory.The marriage of our subject took placeMilwaukee, Wisconsin, June 22, 1861, toMiss Mary Ann J5aullesbach of that city, andthey have become the parents of eight children,as follows: Helen C, Mary MathildeMarquetta M., Prince A., F. Edward, MaryJ., May R. and John A. One of these is deceased.Mrs. Starck died February 17, 1887,and he was remarried in September, 1887,with Elizabeth Storm of Madison.ininHis familyare all gone except the two youngest children.Mr. Starck is a Democrat in his politicalopinions and in his religious belief is a Roman("atholic. He has been recognized as aman of ability, both in Milwaukee and Madison.During his residence in the formercity he held the office of Alderman, and sincehis residence here he has been twice Aldermanof the P^ourth ward.The beautiful churches at Waunakee, LaCrosse, Richland Centre, Pine Bluff, Milwaukeeand West Bend testify to the skilland taste of oursubject.1^ AMUEL CHOLVIN,a well-known resi-"^^1 dent of the city of Madison, Wisconsin,^* is the subject of this sketch. He wasborn in Mifflin, Iowa county, Iowa, July 1,

434 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OF1850, a son of Francis and Martha (Wilson)Cholvin. The father was born in France,near Paris, in 1812, and his mother in MountVernon, Ohio, in 1820. The father was asmelter of lead ore by trade, and came toWisconsin in 1834, locating at Galena, laterremoving to Potosi, but in 1840 settlingdown in Iowa county. lie died in Dubuque,Iowa, in 1890, but the mother is still living.Our subject has two brothers and two sisters,as follows: Josephine married Louis Poyvin;Mary married Jerome S. Richie; Alfred is afarmer at Dubuque, Iowa; and John is amerchant at Denver, Colorado.Our subject was given a public-school educationat Dubuque, Iowa, subsequently takinga course at Bailey's Commercial College inthe same city. After he had closed hisschool books he went into agricultural life,locating at Wellington, in Monroe county,and remained there until he came to Madisonin 1889. During this time he was engagedin general farming and stock-raising,and since his removal to Madison he lias carriedon his farming through tenants. Forsome time he has been conducting a generalstore at Harts, Wisconsin, and a sawmill, buthas discontinued his interest in the latter.He has line improvements upon his farms,and is especially pleased with his success inthe raising of tine cattle.In 1889 our subject came to Madison,where he has a fine residence. He was marriedDecember 16, 1875, to Miss SidoniaWaller, the daughter of Simon Waller, abroker of Dubuque, Iowa, who died whenMrs. Cholvin was but sixteen months old.She was reared in tliat city and attended thepublic schools. Two children have been bornto Mr. and Mrs. Cholvin: Mamie A., bornDecember 30, 1876; and Julia J., April 29,1884. One little one died in infancy, butMamie and Julia attend school at Madison,bright and intelligeut children.Our subject is a Republican inpolitics, andhas held the office of chairman of the CountyCommittee, and is one of the most respectedcitizens./?fOHN C.JOHNSON, asuccessful businessman of Dane county, Wisconsin,was born in Norway, October 8, 1848,a son of John and Anna Johnson, both bornand reared in that country. The father, ashoemaker by trade, came to America in1867, locating in Stoughton, AVisconsin,where he still resides. The mother diedabout eighteen years ago.John C, the subject of this sketch, receiveda districtschool education, and beganlife for himself as a farmer in BloomingGrove township, Dane county. In 1879 hewas employed as salesman in a sample roomin Stoughton, and one year later embarkedin the same business for himself, continuingthat nine years. One and a half years afterwardhe purchased thirty acres of land inthe city limits, subdivided ten acres, whichwas known as the John C. Johnson addition,and later subdivided ten acres more, knownas Johnson's addition. In 1882 our subjecterected a handsometwo-story brick buildingon the corner of Main and Paige streets,and also has considerable other propertyliewas married in this city, May 1, 1877,to Emma Johnson, a native of McFarland,but educated in Stoughton, Wisconsin. Theyhave five living children:Elmer, Roy, Clyde,Irving and Victor. Two of their children,Ernest and Ernie, who were twins, died ininfancy, aged respectively seven and nineteenmonths. Politically Mr. Johnson affiliates

\---iF^iDANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 435with the Democrats, and has served as Aldermanof the Second Ward of Stonglitoii.";if«^ILLIAM S. WOOD, engaged in the1/ \/!i leaf-tobacco business in Stouerhton,was born in Stanstead county, Canada,Deceml)er 31, 1852, a son of IlirainO. and Lucy A. (Wheeler) Wood, also nativesof that county. The father's people cranefrom England, and themother's from Montpelier,Vermont. The parents were marriedin Canada, in and reared a family of six children,four sons and two daughters. Thefather, a farmer by occupation, died in 1860.AYilliam S. Wood, the subject of thissketch, attended school until fourteen yeai'sof age, and then began work in a hotel inCoaticook, ('aiiada, where he remained until1874. He then remained two years in Milwaukee;in 1876 took charge of the LakeGeorge Hotel, at Lake George, New York;the following summer went to Faribault,Minnesota; in December, 1876, engaged ingeneral merchandising with liis brotherGeoi-ge, at Stoughton, under the firm nameof Wood Brothers, and in 1880 our subjectsold his interest and began keeping theHouston House of this city. Since 1882he has been in the employ of A. Cohn ttCo., of New York, in buying Wisconsinleaf tobacco. Mr. Wood takes no active interestin politics, but votes with the Republicanparty. He has served as Alderman ofthe second ward of Stoughton two terms,and is also chief of the tire deparment ofthis city. Socially he holds the otiice of P.C. of the K. of P.September 10, 1884-, Mr. Wood was unitedin marriage with Carrie Pierpont, who wasborn in Two Rivers, Wisconsin, August 17.1857, a daughter of Hon. H. S. and Lidia A.(Gardner) Pierpont, natives of New York.The father was a lawyer by profession. Oursubject and wife have two children: HiramO., born February 12, 1886; and Pierpont,August 12, 1890.tVS C O M B. C L A R K E.— Prominent'I Kii among therepresentati ve business men ofMadison, Wisconsin, is Mr. B. B. Clarke,the well-known general agentfor Wisconsin,of the C. Aultman & Co., manufacturers ofthreshers and engines, of Canton, Ohio. Mr.Clarke was born near the Natural Bridge inRockbridge county, Virginia, June 24, 1851,and is descended frotn one of the old familiesof that State. The first of the Clarkefamily in America were two brothers whocame in the Mayflower and subsequently settledin Virginia, in the neighborhood of Harper'sFerry.The grandfather of our subject was WoodsonP. Clarke, who was a soldier of the warof 1812. His son, James F. Clarke, fatherof our suliject, was a Virginian by birth, andwas a man of prominence in Rockbridgecounty. He was a colonel of militia, andsuperintendent of the Buffalo Forge, one ofthe largest iron concerns in the locality. Hemarried Lucy F. Boyd, ofBoyd's Tavern, inAlbemarle county, Virginia. In September1858, he started with his family for Texas,where he expected to make his futurel)ut,home,while en route changed his mind and locatedin Arkansas county, Arkansas, wherehe became bookkeeper for a large supplyhouse. When the late war began he enlistedinthe Confederate army and became Colonelof an Arkansas regiment, inwhich one of hissons was a lieutenant. His death occurred

436 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFin 1863, and the followingyear his wife died,thus leavincj our subject an orphan at a tenderage, and in the most uncertain and troublesomeot times. lie was left without meansof support, and made bis home practicallyamong strangers, so far as blood ties go. Thesame year of his mother's death, he joinedseveral families who were refugees to theKorth, and with them was carried inside theUnion lines l)y an Indiana battery. Subsequentlyhe made his way into Indiana andfound employment on a farm, where he remaineduntil he reached his twentieth year,working morning and evening during thewinter for his board and attending schoolduring the day for three terms.Leaving thefarin in 1870 he went to Colfax, Indiana,where he secured a place in a drug store.liecontinued in the drug store for about threeyears, raising himself from the lowest to thehighest position inthe establishment duringthat period. In 1874 he was appointed, underGeneral Grant's administration, Postmasterat Colfax: a position he tilled until 1883."When he took charge of the post oliice it paida salary of $12.50 per month; when he left itthe salary was SlOO per month. In 1877he entered the newspaper business by purchasingthe Colfax Chronicle which he publisheduntil 1882, and then sold the plant,and in October of the same year took theroad for Robinson & Co., of Richmond, Indiana,manufacturers of threshers and engines.He remained with this firm, traveling overfive states until 1885, and then took a positionwith the William Deering Co., in thebinder line. In 1888 he left the Deeringpeople and went with the Birdsall Company,of Auburn, New York, with which househe was in 1889, when lie fell ill with anattack of typhoid fever. During this timehis residence was in Indiana, but upon recoveringfrom his protracted illness hefound it necessary to leave the State inorder to find a more congenial climate.His reputation, at this time, as a machineman, was established and well known amongall manufacturers, and no sooner was it knownthat he would make a change of location thanhe was offered, and accepted, the generalagency of the State of Wisconsin by theC. Aultman & Co. On May 1, 1890, Mr.Clarke came to Madison a total stranger,being, in fact,without an acquaintance in theentire State. At that time the business ofhis company in Wisconsin was in a bad andmixed condition, in fact, was no business atall. He opened headquarters, to use hisown expression, in a grip-sack in the HotelOgden. As the business grew apace he removedto an adjoining wareroom in thehotel building, then into an alley in H. G.Dodge's coal yard. In a brief time, however,owing to his ability as a hustler, thebusiness in the state had increased to suchan extent that large and fitting quarters werenecessaryand the company leased ground onthe corner of East Washington avenue andBlount street, and the present large andcommodious headquarters were established.In two years' time Mr. Clarke has built upthe trade of his company from practicallynothing to the largest, by far, of any othercompany doing business in the same linein the State. He employs nine travelingsalesmen, and the business now aggregatesover $100,000 annually. Credit for all thisis due entirely toMr. Clarke, whose ability,as a manager and salesman is recognized byhis company and competitors as second tonone in the Northwest.In January, 1892, Mr. Clarke organizedthe Union Transfer and Storage Company

DANE COUNTY, WTS00N8IN. 437of Madison, which company was incorporatedwit!) a paid-up capital of !?10,00U onJanuary 27, 18'J2, with himself as president,a position he holds at the present.Mr. Clarke is a inemher of all the Masoniclodges of Madison, from the Blue Lodge upto and including the Knights Templar, andis also a member of the Indiana TravelingMen's Association. Mr. Clarke is a self-mademan in ail that the term implies. Leftwithout parents at a time in life when theywere most needed, and at a time when hissurroundings were calculated to stunt hisgrowth morally', rather than stimulate andspur him on to a useful life; he passedthrough trials and hai-dships seldom experiencedby the average man and worked hisway unaided to a most useful and responsibleposition in life, and the present findshim au honored citizen of one of the leadingcities of the Northwest, with a still morepromising career opening up before him.Personally Mr. Clarke is one of tiie mostgenial and sociable of men.Possessed of tineconversational powers, of keen wit and readyhumor, he is a most pleasant and agreeablecompanion, as well as a worthy and suljstantialmember of society.Mr. Clarke was married October 9, 1873,to Miss MahettieB. Watkins, of Colfax, Indiana,and to the companion of his joys andsorrows, he gives allthe credit of his success.Mrs. Clarke has been all that the name implies,a devoted wife, and model mother.They have three children, all boys, and insickness and health, in prosperity and adversity,Mr. Clarke has always been sustainedby the devotion of this faithful companion./^IIAUNCEY 15.WELTON, prominenti|k in the social, political and business cir-^1 cles of Madison, Wisconsin, is a gentlemanof sterling qualities, and is in every respectdeserving of the success he has attainedin life and of the high esteem in which he isheld by all who know him. As such it iseminently littingthat some personal mentionbe made of him in the history of hiscounty.Chauncey B. Welton was born in Medinacounty, Ohio, September 1, 1844. He grewto manliood in his native State and was astudent in an academy when the great civilwar came on. llis patriotic spirit was atonc3 tired, and in the fall of 1862, still in bis'teens, we tiud him enrolled upon the armylist. He joined Company I, One Hundredand Third Ohio Volunteer Infantry, underCaptain AVilcox and Colonel J. C. Casement.The command to which he was attached wasin Kentucky until the fall of 1863, when itcrossed over into Tennessee. The regimentwas assigned to the Second Brigade, ThirdDivision of the Twenty-third Army Corps,and was with Burnside at Knoxville, andafterward went with Sherman as far south asAtlanta, then I'eturned with the corps towatch Hood. He participated in the defenseof Nashville. His regiment and companytook part in the battles of Knoxville, Resaca,Altoona, Atlanta, and many others. At thebattle of Uesaca the One Hundred and ThirdOhio left one-third of their number on theHeld, killed or wounded. Mr. Welton, however,escaped, and with the exception of a fewdays spent in hospital, reported for duty allthe time. At the close of the war he washonorably discharged at Cleveland, Ohio.From Ohio Mr. Welton moved to Kalamazoo,[Michigan, where he began his businesscareer. He conducted a clothing store atthat place for some time, then came toWis-

438 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFconsin and located atRocktoii, where he carriedon tlie hiisiness of

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 439education. lie was married in Scotland toMargaret Shearer, and while in tiiat countrywas engaged in hauling merchandise, andalso had a stage coach line from Glasgow toChapel Hill. They buried one daughter,Margaret, at the age of about four years, abright and lovely little creature, and the onlydaughter ever born to them. This was asevere blow, and from which the father neverrecovered. In the spring of 1851 they cameby an American sail ship, Liberty, withCaptain Peabody, to America, landing inNew York city after a voyage of from May16 to July 4. After landing they came bycanal and lakes to Milwaukee, Wisconsin,and then by team to Columbia county, adistance of 140 miles, over new roads andthrough woods and inarsiies. They wereobliged to unload their household goodsseveral times during the journey. Mr. Mc-Farland settled on100 acres of Indian land,then unsurveyed, but marked out by trees.He erected a rough log house, roofed withmarsh hay and sod, no floor, a fireplace, anda stick and mud chimney built on the outsideof the house.Three years later the sawmillscame, and they laid a Hoor in their dwelling.After the survey was made they sold theirland for $600, antlbought 120 acres of landin Dane township, paying $5 per acre, wherethey erected a small board shanty, and beganfarmintr with an ox team. The father died onthis farm in 1863, at the age of sixty- twoyears, and the mother died two years later.Joseph McFarland, the subject of thissketch, received but a limited education, andremained at house until his parent's death.He then purchased forty acres of land nearLodi, to which he has since added until henow owns 112 acres of fine land. He wasmarried at Lodi, March 22, 1874, to EllenWilson, a dauorhter of John and Marian(Nealson), Wilson native of Scotland. Theycame to America in 1850, arriving in thisconnty June 4, and Mrs. McFarland wasborn July 4, one month later. Her grandfatherWilson, was farmer by occupation, andher grandfather Nealson, a shepherd. Shewas the sixth of nine children, six daughtersand three sons.The father was accidentallykilled by a team in 1864, at the age of fiftysevenyears, and the mother died in November,1885, aged sixty-nine years years. Mr.and Mrs. McFarland have buried two children:Anna May, who died January 23,1890, aged fourteen years; and Koy, accidentallykilled August 6, 1892, aged nineyears. He was a bright boy, and his deathwas a severe blow to his parents. They haveone son and a daughter living, Mary Jane,aged fourteen years; and Roy, aged sevenyears.^jlgiON. JOHN A.JOHNSON, presidentand one of the directors of the wellknownmanufa

Iis nearly ninety, and she herself, at eightyjfour,! faculties.j Minnesota.Itenant-'Mr.'Wisconsin,440 BIOGRAPHICAl. REVIEW OFcompanies, and has been an active worker intheir management. The business has beensteadily increasing and the fame of theirmachines has gone all over the Xorthwest.The directors of tlie Fuller & Johnson ManufacturingCompany are: John A. Johnson,president; S. Higham, vice-president; W. C.Noe, secretary; and E. M. Fuller, treasurer;B. J. Stephens; Wayne Ramsay; ^I. R.Doyon and R. M. Bashford.He came to the United States from hisnative land, Norway, in1844, and located inWisconsin. For some years he was in Walworthcounty, Wisconsin, and began life hereas a poor boy, but by dint of hard workandsteady application, he has become independent.He is a self-made man, and has livedto see the country grow up around him.Hewas the eldest of tive children, and wastwelve years of age when the family landedin Milwaukee. They had borrowed moneyto come there from New York. The father,mother, and five children traveled on footfrom Milwaukee to White Water township,Walworth county, a distance of fifty miles.They had sickness and not a cent of money,and were strangers among strangers.All ofthe family fell sick with fever and ague,except the mother, and she had to earn theliving for the family for a time. However,the senior Mr. Johnson was able to borrow^50 from a Mr. Peck, a merchant at WhiteWater, to whom he paid forty per cent interest,and with this §50 he bought forty acresof Government land. It was poor land, andit took him eight years to repay the $50. Atthat time he sold the land, and in 1852removed to Dane county, settling at PleasantSpring, on a farm, where he died ten yearsago, a^ed seventy-five.Hie name was AndersJohnson, and he was born near Skien, Norway.He came of pure Norwegian stock,and grew up a farmer boy. He was marriednear Skien, to Miss A. Killing Koven, whocame of a long-lived ancestry. Her motherlived to be ninety years of age, two auntslived to be ninety-five, her sister yet living,is still smart and active with all herShe makes her home with her son,Oliver, who is a farmer of Dane county,Wisconsin. Our subject has also two sistersliving, both married brothers and live inTwo brothers of subject, Hansand Ole were both in the Union army, andthe former was a Lieutenant of his companyand died in the army. Ole died a few yearsago at Beloit, Wisconsin. He was Lieu-Colonel of the Fifteenth WisconsinRegiment, inwhich he had enlisted as a private.Mr. Johnson came to ^[adison. in 1861,and began handling farmingmachinery, andwas thus engaged for some years. Early inthe '80s he was solicited, by his presentpartners to go into business with them. Hetook stock in the company, and was electedtheir first president, which oflice he hassatisfactorily filledever since.He was for a time a member of the firmof John Thompson and company, of Beloit,manufacturer of plows. In this way hebecame familiar with the business.Johnson was married in Milwaukee,to Miss Kaia, N. M. Kildahl,who was born in Christiansand. Norway, andcame, when a young girl to the United States,with her parents. The family settled inMilwaukee, where the father soon died, butthe mother lived to be eighty-five years old.Mr. and Mrs. Johnson, ofthis notice, are theparents of four sons and one daughter,namely: Frederick A., a mechanic in theworks of his fatlier, married Emma Rosen-

DANE VOUNTY, WISCONtilN. 441Stengel, a daughter of Professor Rosenstoiigel,of the Wisconsin State University; Ida, athoine, a graduate of the State University;Carl, H jjradiiate of the State University, isemployed as a mechanic inhis father's shops;Hobart is now a student in the University,and Maurice is in the city high school. Mr.and Mrs. Johnson are pleasantly situated atNo. 316 Wisconsin Avenue. He and hissons are all Republicans, and Mr. Johnsonhas represented his district one term in theState Legislature, and one term in the StateSenate; has lieen County Clerk of Danecounty for eight years, and for many yearshas been a member of the Township Board,of which ho has served as Chairman forseveralterms.fOLONEL (JIIARLES COOLEY, wasborn iti Utica, Oneida county, NewYork, July 19, 1847. His father, WarrenCooley, was born in Livingston county.New York, May 16, 1823. His father, AlexanderCooley, Jr., was born in the Connecticutriver valley, ami the great-grandfather ofour subject, as far as known, was alto born inConnecticut. He removed from that Stateto New York previous to the 1812 war, was avolunteer in that war, and was severely woundedin the battle of Sackett's Harbor. WarrenCooley's father, Alexander C'ooley, Jr., wasalso in the battle of Sackett's Harbor with hisfather, A. Cooley, Sr. He was a farmer, andin addition to agricultural pursuits, engagedin the lumber business. He first settled inLewis county, and from there removed toYork, Livingston, county, ami in1822 movedto Villenova, Chautaiuiua county, where hobought land, engaged in fai-niing, and residedthere until his death.The grandfather of our subject was a youngman when his parents removed to New Yorkand was encratred in farmiuir and the lumberbusiness with his father and brothers,Robertand Harry, in Lewis county. The family allremoved to JJvingston county at the sametime, and from there to Chautauqua county.He bought a tract of land in tiie town ofVillenova, at once erected a log house, andcommenced to clear a farm. There were norailroads or catials in the county for years,consequently no convenient markets. Thepeople lived principally off ofthe product oftheii- land and tlie wild game that abounded.The grandmother of our subject used to card,weave and spin, aiul dressed her children inhomespun made by her own hands. Standingtim!)er had no value, and largo treeswere cut and the logs rolled together andburned.L'rom the ashes they used to manufactureblack salts, which would always sellfor cash. Farm products were readily exchangedfor goods at the store. Our subject'sgrandfather lived on his place five years, whenthe log house was burned, and lie bought anothertract of land two miles distant, andthere im])roved a farm and resided until hisdeath. The maiden name of his wife wasLydia Soloman, born in Lewis county, anddied at the home of a son in Chautauquacounty.sons.She reared three daughters and fi\eThe father of our subject received liis primaryeducation in the pioneer schools ofChautauqua county. He was fourteen yearsold when his father died, and went to live witha Quaker family, who two years later movedto Utica, and he received his education in thecity schools there. At the age of nineteenhe commenced clerking in a general stoi-e inUtica, and remained in that position a lewmonths, and then entered into i)usiness in a

1Heibusiness443 BIOORAPUIGAL REVIEW OPluinber yard for a time.inHe finally engagedmercantile business in Utica in 1855, thencame to Wisconsin and located in the townof Fort Winnebago, and bouglit a farm, andfarmed for a short time, and then sold outand bought land near Lodi, in Columbiacounty, and farmed there until 1885, andthen came to Madison, where he lias sinceresided.On iS'ovember 5, 1844, he married MissHarriet Isabella Martin, who was born inEngland, the daughter of Andrew and May(Wilkins) Martin, who were natives of England,and who came to America in 1830.The mother of our subject died in August,1877. She i-eared five children: Charles F.,Antoinette, Edward, Oscar and Minerva H.Our subject received his early education inthe public schools of Utica, and advanced inthe public schools ofI'ortage and Fort Winnebago.He assisted his father on the farmuntil his sixteentii year, and then lie enlistedin Company C, Twenty-third Regiment WisconsinVolunteer Infantry, and served oneyear, when \u' was discharged un account ofill health, and returned home. He soon regainedhis health and returned to the armyand re-enlisted in Company A, Thirty-seventhWisconsin Volunteer Infantry, andserved until after the close of the war. Hewas in the Army of tliePotomac, and participatedin the battle ijefore Petersburg inJune, 18f)4, and was preseritat the mine explosionin July of the same year. At theclose of the war he was honorably dischargedbut with impaired iiealih. After a time hewent to Nortii Dakota and was em])loyed bythe North Pacific Railroad in the constructiondepartment for two years. In June,1872, he made his advent into Madison, andwas at that time the fortunate possessor of apair of horses and a wagon and $150 incash.established a wood yard and commencedin a small way, and from that beginninghas developed his present business.His yards now occupy four lots, witb shedroom for 0,000 tons of coal and 2,000 cordsof wood.May 12, 1872, he was married to MissJulia Frederickson, who was born near Madison,Wisconsin, a daughter of Peter andJulia Frederickson. Mr. and Mrs. Cooleyhave five children:Harry, Alexander, Fanny,Ida and Sarah. Our subject served as amember of the staft" of General Rusk, and lieisa member of the G. A. R., and a Republicanin his political belief.|ROF. HERBERT CUSHING TOLj?JMAN, Ph. D., professor of Sanskrit inthe University of Wisconsin, widelyand favorably known as a ripe scholar andcultured gentleman, was born in SouthScituate, Plymouth county, Massachusetts,November 4, 1865. His parents, Jamesand Mary (Briggs) Tolman, were nativesof Scituate, where tiiey were reared andmarried. On the paternal side, the Professoris eighth in descent from John Alden, whocame over inthe "Mayfiower" from England.His maternal ancestors were equally illustrious,havinor come to America from ETiylandabout the time ofthe Revolution, settling inMassachusetts. Their name was originallyBridge (French. l>u Pont), which has beencorrupted to Briggs. Prof. Tolmaifs father,who was a tack manufacturer of South Scituate,removed thence to Hanover, in the sameState, when the subject of this sketch wasfourteen years of age, wliere they have eversince resided. They were the parents oftwo children: the subject of this notice and

DANE COUNTY, WlSCONtilN. 443a daughter, Morgianna, who isinstructor inFrench in the lii";]! school at Abiiio-ton,Massacliusetts,Profet^sor Tohnan obtained his preparatoryeducation in the public schools of his nativetown. At the age of fourteen years he enteredtiieRockland High School, whence hewas graduated in 1884. Tliat same yearhe entered Yale College, graduating at thatnoble institution in 1888, with the dearee ofA. B. While there he was the recipient ofthe Freshman's premium for Latin compositionand in the junior year received theWinthrop prize of §100 for the most thoroughacquaintance with the Greek and Latinpoets. In his senior year he was awai'cledthe Berkley prize for Latin and Greekscholarship,and was chosen member of the PhiBeta Kappa society. He was one of twelvechosen to deliver addresses on Commencementday, and was given the appointment ofa three years' Fellowship inLatin, Greek andSanskrit. Two years later he received thedegree of Pliilosophia^ Doctor, and was madeAssistant in Indo-European language atYale College. After one year in this position,he resigned to accept one in the Universityof Wisconsin, which he assumed inthe fall of 1891. In 1892 he was appointedassistant professor of Sanskrit, which positionhe now holds.Besides his labors as an instructor, theProfessor has done much literary work.Heand President W. II. Harper, of the ChicagoUniversity, have collaborated in the writingof a text-book, of eight books, of Cfesar'sGallic Wars.Prof. Tolman has also writtenan Old Persian Grammar and a translationof Persian inscriptions. In connection withProf. Alexander Kerr, of the Wisconsin University,he lias edited the Gospel of Matthewin Greek. He has assisted in the editing ofseveral other texts of the classical authors.Prof. Tolman isat present encjaired in writinoacouple of indices of words to tlie SanskritSutras.(_)n August 26, 1891, he was married toMary B. Wells, of Wetherslield, Connecticut,a native of Jacksonville, Florida, who waseducated at the Female Seminary in NewIJritain, Connecticut, and was forin tlie Yale School of Fine Arts.three yearsThe Professor was elected a member of theIloyal Asiatic Society of Great Britain andIreland (il. 11. A. S.), and receiveii from thathonored English society an invitation to becomea contributor in Griental subjects to itsjournal. l>otli he and iiis wife belong tothe Congregational Church, to which theyrender much valuable aid.Few instructors are better qualified fortheir work than Pi-of. Tolman, who brings tohis position eminent ability, a wide experienceand unusual energy.tON.^•^ •| ' 4^'^RASMUS B.Norse scholar, was born inANDERSON, thethe townshipof Albion, Dane county, Wisconsin,January 12, 184G. His father, of Norwegianstock, was a Quaker, who came from Norwayin 1836, at the head of the first large companyof Norwegian eniigrancs who reachedAmerica. His mother, whose ancestry for nearlytwo centuries ])resents one uni)roken lineof military officers of high rank, was a womanof remarkably beautifulcharacter, equippedwitli tiiose virtues whicli are tlie adornmentof her sex.To this young woman, AbelCatherine Von Krogh, Bjorn Anderson wasmarried in 1830. It can hardly be realizedby an xVnierican what consternation and l)itternessof feelinur the marriage of this refined

IfromI.rebellion.iwasIinj:connection! the',violinist,444 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFdaiicrhter of a military officer with a peasant'sson caused. The fact, too, that the husbandwas a Quaker and hence not a member of theState Church, served to increasethe indignitieswith which the young couple were treatedon every hand.There was the right stuff inboth of them, however, and theydeterminedto seek their fortunes in that land beyoud thesea. whose star was beginning to appearabove the horizon, beckoning to the oppressedof Europe. Having arrived in New YorkBjorn Anderson and wife, with afamilies proceeded tofew otherRochester, New York,where they lived two years, the husbandworking at tlie trade of a cooper. At the endof this time they moved to a Scandinaviansettlemeut. in LaSalle county, Illinois,wherethey also remained two years, and finally settledin the wilds of Wisconsin. They werethe first couple that took up their abode inthe town of Albion and tlie tale of hardship,which that fact carries with it, seems but asad romance to a younger generation. Butduring all the trials of this pioneer life neitherone flinched.The chief characteristic of eachwas will; he was bold, restless and pushing,she was gentle, quiet and persevering.Thiscombination of qualities brought success, andin a few years they were comfortably situatedon a large and fertile farm, but Bjorn Andersonwas not long to enjoy the fruits of hislabor. Amouf scores of others he became avictim of the cholera, in 1S50. The motherlived until 1885, and experienced the pleasureof seeing one of her sons, the subject ofthissketch, honored by the country of her adoption.It was one of such antecedents and underthe circumstances to which we have brieflyalluded that Rasmus B. Anderson was born.As he grew up he diligeutly attended thepublic school and also received instructiona Norwegian Lutheran clergyman. Inthe latter part of the '50s a college wasfounded bv the Norwegians, later known asLuther College, located in Decorah. Iowa,and here he became one of the first students.The teachers in the school were Norwegianswho had been educated in Europe. Theirideas of discipline and paternal authoritygalled the independent spirit of young Andersonand he became the leader of an embryoThe authorities did not find himdisposed toyield and so to maintain peace itthought necessary to expel him. Hisprogress in his studies, especially in his languageshadbeen quite remarkable and hencespite of his expulsion he became, in 1866.Professor of Greek and modern languages inAlbion Academy near his home. On accountof his success at this school he attracted thenotice of the authorities ofthe University ofWisconsin, at Madison. Having severed hiswith Albion Academy he spent thespring term of 1869 as a post-graduate studentin the University of Wisconsin, at the end ofwhich time he was made an instructor oflancrua:;es in that institution. He served inthis capacity until the summer of 1S75, whenthe professorship ofScandinavian languagesand literature was created for him. Beforethis time he had lectured on Scandinaviansubjects and had, as an instructor,tantrht the Scandinavian lansuages, andhad also founded a Scandinavian libraryin the University. This project receivedCordial support of the famous NorseOle Bull, who on the 17th ofilav, 1S72, Norway's natal day, gave aconcert in Madison in aid of the enterprise.Prof. Anderson and Ole Bull were very warmfriends and Madison was for some years OleBull's American home.Together they conceivedmany a scheme for the spread of the

BASE cooyrr, Wisconsin. 4«fame of Xorvvay and the Norseman.other things, theyAmongformed a plan and starteda fund for the erection of a monnnient inhonor of Leif Erikson and this monumentwas erected in Boston, in 1887.In 1872 Prof. Anderson visited Norway,in company with Ole Bull, toextend his acquaintancewith the literature and scholars ofNorthern Europe. On this trip he met theNorse poet, Bjornson, with whom he traveledon foot tliroii'j'h some of the most delio-htfulparts of Norway. Several years later, Bjornsonvisited America and made a lecturing touramong his countrymen throughout the Northwest,under the auspices of Prof. Anderson,at whose home inguest.Madison he was a frequentPi'of. Anderson has been a prolific writerand began to write for the press at the age ofnineteen and has ever since been an extensivecontributor to both Norwegian and Americanperiodicals. He has also contributed to Johnson'sUniversal Cyclopedia, McClintock &Strong's Cyclopedia, Kiddle and Schem'sTear Book of Education, The American Supplementto the Encyclopedia Britannica andthe last edition of Chamber's Encyclopedia.His interest inthe American common schoolsystem has been great and in an active controversysome years ago, with the NorwegianLutheran Clergy in the >|orthwest he madehimself widely known for his defense of it.Prof. Anderson has lectured extensively,both in this country and in Scandinavia. In1874 he spoke in the house of the poetLongfellow, to a select audience of celebritieson the subject of Norse mythologyand in 1877 he delivered a course of fourlectures upon Norse literature, at the PeabodyListitute in Baltimore. As an authorof books he has won an enviable reputation.He began his career in 1872, with the pub-80iication of a collection of Norse folklorestories, called Julegave, now in the seventhedition. In 1874 he published a little bookin Norwegian entitled • Den Norske Maalsag,"and also his first book in English," America not Discovered by Columbus,"which gives a short account of the discoveryof America by the Norsemen. Prof. Anderson'smost important contribution to literature," Norse Mythology," appeared in 1875.It is ari exhaustive and systen^atie presentationof the religion of the old Northmen, andisthe only adequate treatment of the subjectin the Euolish languafe. It has been wellreceived, both in this country and in Europe,and has been translated into French, German,Italian and even into Norse. His next publii;ationwas " Yiking Tales of the North,"which appeared in 1877. This work containsa translation of the two old Norsesagas into English and the Swedish author.Bishop Tegner's poem, '• Frithjofs Saga," isbased upon them. This work .also containsan introduction on Sacra literature and abiography of Tegner. In 1880 he published," The Younger Edda,"' a translation from oldNorse. This book is, as it is sometimes put,'•The New Testament of Norse Mythology."DuriuLT the years l^Sl and 1882, he superintendedthe translation and publication ofBjornson's novels and stories in seven volume>.In 1884 he published a translation ofDr. F. W. Horn's • History of the Literatureof the Scandinavian North, from the EarliestPeriod to the Present Time." His introductionto Miss A. A. "Woodward's (Auber Forestier)translation of Kristofer Janson's The'•Spell-bound Fiddler,'" contains an interestingsketch of Ole Bull.In 1885 Prof. Anderson was appointed byPresident Cleveland fnited States Ministerto Denmark, which position he held until the

446 BIOQRAPniGAL REVIEW OFautuiiiii (if 1889. Before receiving theappointment, in tlie fall of 1883, he hadsevered his connection with the universityfor the purpose of going into l)nsiness.Prof.Anderson proved a valuable man at theDani>h capital,lie was thoi-oughly conversantwith the language of the country before goingthere and iience was in a position to profitmuch from liis stay in the Athens of theNorth, where it was his good fortune tomake the personal acquaintance of nearly allthe scholars and artists of Scandinavia. Uponthe election of President Harrison a petition,signed by the most prominent men of thethree Scandinavian countries was sent toWashington asking for his retention atCopenhagen. While in that city he becamevery popular, not only in literary, but alsoin diplomatic and social circles. This did notprevent him, however, from being active in aliterary way.In 1880 he published a translationfrom the Danish, by Dr. Georg Brandes," Eminent Authors of the Nineteenth Century."Dr. Brandes is the most distinguishedliterary critic in Scandinavia, the Taine ofthe North. In 1887 Prof. Anderson wrotethe chapter on Ancient Scandinavian Religion,which was published in a London work,entitled, "Non-Biblical Systems of Uelii'ion."In 1889, London firms published his translationfrom the Swedish of Dr. Victor Rydberg'smonumental work, entitled, "TeutonicMythology," and his revision of SamuelLaiug's translation of the " Heimskrimgla,or the Sagas of the Norse Kings," and liistranslation of Dr. Carl Lumholtz' work,"Among Cannibals."Prof. Anderson now resides in Madison,Wisconsin, where he has a comfortable home.On July 21, 1808, he was married to MissBertha Karina Olson, of Cambridge, Wisconsin.She was born February 11, 1848,near Christiania, Norway, and came to thiscountry with her parents when she was aboutfour years old.Prof, and Mrs. Anderson have had fivechildren, four of whom are living: HannahBurena. born April 18, 1809, died April 18,1870; Carletta Cathriua, born December 4,1870; George Krogh, born November 7,1872; Hjalmar Odin, born June 7, 1876; andRolf. Bull, born December 17. 1883.The literary work of Prof. Anderson hasbeen enormous and even a partial list of hisoriginal writings and translations wouldoutrun the limits of this article.lEY. EUGENEGROVERUPDIKE,theearnest and efficient pastor of theCongregational(Church at Madison, Wisconsin,was born in Tompkins county, NewHis parents wereYork, November 18, 1850.Lyman and Phofbe (Ammack) Updike, whowere born, reared and married in Tompkinscounty, where his father was employed formany years as a carpenter and contractor.The genealogy of the family is traceable foreleven cenerations. to Holland. The Americanbranch is divided, that portion residingin New York spelling the nan.eOpdike. Thesubject of this sketch belongs to the ninthgeneration in this country. Mr. Updike'smatern;d ancestors were Quakers, who cameto New York State in a very early day. I?i1854 his parents removed to Dodge county,Wisconsin, then on the frontier of civilization,where his father pre-empted land andengaged in farming. He was thus engagedat the outbreak of the war. when he enlistedin the Twenty-ninth Wisconsin VolunteerInfantry, in which he served until 1863,when his death occurred on the Red river in

DANE COUNTY, ]\ ISCONSTN. 447Mississippi, and he was buried in Metnpiiis,Tennessee, tlius sealingr witli his life liis devotionto the cause. The wortliy wife andmother still survives, and resides in I'eaverDam, Wisconsin. They were the parents ofthree children: the subject of this sketch;Louise; and a brother, deceased.Dr. Updike, of thi.s biography, was fouryears of age at the time of his parent's removalto Wisconsin, where he was reared ona farm. His preliminary education was receivedin the common schools of his locality,and when nineteen years old, be entered WaylandAcademy, in Beaver Dam, the sameState, remaining there one year. He thenentered Lawrence University, in Appleton,that State, at which he graduated in the scientificcourse, after which lie went to theGarrett Bil)lical University atEvauston, Hlinois,one year.His first pastorate was in Montello, Wisconsin,where he had charge of a MethodistEpiscopal Church for two years. He thenremoved to Delavan, in the same State, wherehe remained three years, going thence toLake Mills. From 1883 to 1885, he wasstationed in Kacine, the same State, afterwhich he went to Milwaukee, and tliere tookcharge of the Sumnierfield Methodist EpiscopalChurch, over which he presided threeyears. He was then transferred to Englewood,HIinois, a suburb ofChicago, remainingthere until October, 1890. It was at thistime that he accepted an oti'erfrom the CongregationalChurch of Madison, Wisconsin,and although reared a Methodist and formany years a pastor of that faith, his conscienceacquitted him of all inconsistency intransferring his allegiance.The fact that hehas lieen aljle to gatlier around him the largestcongregation of any denomination in theState, is sufficient proof of his ability andearnestness. His success, probably, lies inthe heartfelt interest which he takes in hiswork, lending to the power of the mind thediviner promptings of a revei'ent andheart.lovingDr. Updike was married September 7.187(3, to Miss Clara Favili, a native of LakeMills, Wisconsin, who was educated atLawrenceUniversity.As a citizen, Dr.Updike enjoys the deepestrespect and esteem of his fellow- men,while as a moral guide, his success is sufficientguaranty of his wiile and worthy influence.fO H N R.M E L V I N.—The followingsketch is written of one who, in his dailytasks, has had the lives of hundreds ofhis fellow-creatures in his care for many longyears, whose careful eye, skilled hand andeducated sense of hearing, combined witho-ood judgment, untiring vigilance and unswervingdevotion to duty, have made of himone of the most valued engineers in the employof the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. PaulRailroad.Our subject was born on the line betweenVermont and Canada, and was tlie son ofMorris Melvin,a native of Ireland, who camewith his parents to America at an early daywhen he was sixteen years of age, settling atBurlington, Vermont, where he learned thetrade of a ship carpenter, later becoming afarmer across the line in Canada, where hedied at tlie age of eighty years. He was acrood aqd moral man, although belonging tono church creed. In Vermont he marriedMary Troy, a native of Ireland, who hadcome to America with her parents, who settledwhere the city of Troy now stands. Her

448 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW UFfamily became identified with the history ofthe State. She died at tlie old homesteadon South river in Canada. Our subject isthe second in a family of ten children, all ofwhom are now married except one sister,still living on the old homestead. Onebrother, Michael, was for many yearsan engineeralso, but is now living a retired lifein St.Paul.Our subject was reared atMontpelier andat Xorthfield, and there his raili-oad lifebegan, as he assisted in the building of theculverts on the old Vermont Central railroadwhen he was but twelve years of age,and after that was finished he obtained aposition as fireman for several years, andbeforehe had been there long obtained a positionas engineer on the same road. Fortyfiveyears is a long time to have held thedangerous throttle of an engine and to havenever had an accident, but such isthe grandrecord of onr subject.Our snl)ject came West in 1852 and spentabout fifteen months on the Chicago, Galena& Union Railroad, now the Northwestern,and then for a time was one of the engineerson what is now denominated the ''Q" road.He was employed on the Chicago, Galena &Union when the strap rail was used and theroad only ran to Elgin, Illinois. The terminusof the Chicago, Milwaukee & Si.Paulrailroad was then Madison, Wisconsin, andthe present great Chicago, Burlington &Quincy road was then called the (yhicago &Aurora and only ran to the latter city. Oursubject has lived to see these three greatsystems developed and has been associatedwith their history. From 1854 until 1857our subject was on the soutii route of theEastern Division of this road, with headquartersat Milwaukee, an

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 449IHAKLES F. FORD, tlie well-knownowner of the large niacliine and repairshops, located at 120 East Washingtonavenue, which business he established in 1S87,is the subject of the present sketch. Being askilled niacliinist lie employs only the l>estworkmen, giving constant employment tothree or four hands all of the time. Fortwenty years our subject was with the MailisonManufacturing Company and for thirteenyears was foreman of the shops. He cameto the State in 1846 and settled in Rockcounty with bis parents, in 1848, settling inCambridge, Dane county, and there youngFord learned the trade of blacksmitli in hisfather's shops. He after tliis worked at thetrade of machinist, and when he came toMadison itwas for the purpose of giving hischildren the advantages of an education.this city he then became connectedInwith theMadison Manufacturing Company as abovestated.Our subject was born in Tioga county,New York, at the city of Oswego, June 22,1834. When twelve years of age he cameWest with his parents to WiscoTisin. Inthose days there were no railroads and theroute to this county was overland with awagon and team. After spending one winternear Janesville, Wisconsin, he spent two yearsin Shopiere in Rock county. In 1848 thefather brought the family to Cambridge inDane county and established a smithy andthe father and son conducted this businessfor some time, when the father engaged in themercantile business and about 1861 moved toKeokuk, Iowa, and there lived until his death,having been for some time retired from business.He was sixty-four years of age at thetime of his death, and was named NelsonFord. He was born of Connecticut parentage,and when young had removed to Oswego, NewYork, with his parents, and hail learned thetrade of blacksmith with his father, NelsonFord, Sr. Finally l)oth father and son cameto Wisconsintogether and Nelson Ford, Sr..settled down at Argyle, La Fayette county,where he died when full of years. His wife,llulda (Arnold) Ford survived him someyears, and her death occurred in Argylewhen she was ninety-eight years of age.Sheand her husband were Baptists, good old pioneerpeople.Nelson Ford, Ji-., was married in the EmpireState to Miss Wealthy Eastman, whowas born and reared in New York, coming toWisconsin with her liusl)and, reared a familyand died in Cambridge, Wisconsin, in 1861when she was not more than forty years ofage.She and her husband were members ofthe Baptist Church, and were among the bestpeople of the community, beloved and respected.Our subject was the first born inthe family. His brother, Henry, is a residentof Beloit, Wisconsin, and is employed in theEclipse Windirtill Company. A sister, Mrs.Rosilla Towne, is the wife of an attorney ofEdgerton, Wisconsin.Our subject was married in Dane countyto Miss Patience Safford, who was born inthe East and came West when young with herparents, Philip and Catherine Safford, thefather later becoming a resident of SaukCentre, Minnesota, where he died some yeai-sago. The wife and mother makes her homeat the old farm in Stearns county, Minnesota.She is now past four score years of age, a respectedlady in the community. Mr. andMrs. Ford of this notice attend the CongregationalChurch, of which Mrs. Ford is amember. Mr. Ford is not a politician, butvotes with the Republicans in political matters.He and wife are the parents of threechildren, as follows: Oliver, deceased. He

450 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFwas a brilliant younw man, who died after hisgraduation from tlie State University of Wisconsin.Catherine is the wife of Fred Curtis,the leading photographer of Madison; andEstelle is the wife of Charles Abbott, leadingmarble dealer of Madison.tLE K. ROE, of Stoughton, Dane county,was born inPleasant Springs township,this county, August 24, 1851, a son ofKnud and Anna (Johnson) lioe, natives ofTellemarken, Norway. The parents came toAmerica in 1839, locating in LaSalle couiitv.Illinois, two years afterward removed to Kacinecounty, Wisconsin, and in1848 boughta Government tract of land in Dane county.The father was a great hunter, having huntedfor bear in the old country, and deer in America.He had the first ox team in the neiorhborhood,with which he was obliged to go to Milwaukeeto mill and market, and his neighborsall borrowed the oxen for the same purpose.Mr. Roe died in 1874 and his widow still resideson the old homestead, aged seventy liveyears.They were the parents of ten children,our subject being the fourth child, and fivedaughters and two sons are now living.Ole K., the subject of thissketch, assistedhis father on his farm of 280 acres, and in1873 began life for himself on 100 acres ofland. His sister, now Mrs. Thorson, kepthouse for him three years. April 9, 1888,he leased his farm and came to Stoucrhton,where he has one of the finest residences inDane county, erected in 1891. For twentyyears Mr. Roe has been engaged in thetobacco business, aiui now handles over twothousand cases annually. He votes with theRepublican party, but takes no active interestin politics. In 1884 he was elected Treasurerof Pleasant Springs township, and in 1890was elected Alderman of the Second Wardof Stoughton. He is treasurer of the StoughtonDriving Park Association, is a lover offine horses, and is the owner of a number ofblooded animals.Mr. Roe was married December 26, 1875,to Lena Felland, who was born and reared inPleasant Springs township, Dane county,and is a daughter of Ole Felland, a farmer ofsection 24, this town.-^hip. To this unionhas been born four children, two now living:Carl A., born May 15, 1877; and Gustave,October 1, 1881. Mr. Roe is a member ofthe LutheranfO H N D.Church.L E E, a resident of Madison,Wisconsin, was horn inOrange county,\ew York, January 21, 1827, son ofDaniel and Sarah (Aber) Lee. The fatherwas a farmer by occupation, who had comefrom England and located in New England,from where he afterward removed to NewYork. There were fourteen children in thatfamily and almost all of them grew to maturity.John D. was given a common schooleducation in Orange count}', New York, andthen engaged in farming. In 1865 he cameto Sparta, Wisconsin, where he engaged inthe hardware business, first with a Mr. Simpson,the firm being Simpson ct Company;afterward with a Mr. Baldwin, when thefirm became Lee & Baldwin.Mr. Lee continued his business in Spartauntil 1887, when he sold out, and inremoved to Madison, Wisconsin, in1889 heorder togive his daughter the benefit of the educationaladvantages of the capital.Our subject was married in Orange county,New York, in 1852. His daughter, Grace,

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 451graduated at the University of Wisconsin, inJune, 1892, and now is an efficient teacher atNeillsviile, AVisconsin. In politics Mr. liCeis a Republican and upliolds the principles ofthat organization upon all occasions. lie isa worthy citizen and is highly respected hyallhis friends.-Hfe=H»^iRS. P:MMA ROBERTS TIl'RLE,jCWclK one or the pioneers or Dane county,-=2^^ residing in Blooming Grove, wasborn on the Isle of Anglesea, Wales, December11, 1827. Her father, Hugh Roberts,was born on the same isle and was the son ofJohn and Anne (Hughes) Roberts. He spenthis entire life in his native land. The maiilenname of his wife, mother of our subject, wasAnn Smallwood, born in Caernarvonshireand died in Anglesea.8he bore her husbandeight children, as follows: Richard, the oldestson never came to America; Robert, John,Ann, Margaret, Perry. Mrs. Tipple catneto America and settled in Wisconsin; Marymarried Richard Williams and settled inWales.Mrs. Tipple was reared and educated inher native isle and resided there until 1849,when she came to America to join a sisterand brother that had come before.from Liverpool, inShe sailedthe month of April, in thesailing vessel Andrew Foster and landed atNew York, after a voyage of twenty- threedays. This was a remarkably short voyagefor those days. After landing she came directlyto Wisconsin, via lakes to Milwaukee,thence by team to Waukesha, where herbrother and sister resided.married John Tipple.There she met andMr. Tipple had settled in Dane county inthe year previous, purchased land and builtthe little log cabin of the pioneer. Directlyafter mari'iage the young couple started in awagon for the little home in the wilds of thethen new country.In this little hut with noluxuries and but few necessities these braveyoung j^eople began housekeeping. Thecountry was but sparsely settled, frame houseswere more scarce than log houses are now.Wild game roamed at will over the countryand much of the land was still owned l)y the(Tovernment. Mrs. Tipple is among the fewi-eniaining pioneers of that time and manyand interesting are the incidents thatshe relatesof those exciting: times.Mr. Tipple was born in Norfolk county,England, and was the son of William andFrances (Strange) Tipple, natives of thesame county, who lived and died inthe placeof their birth. Mr. Tipple, a brother, Jamesand a sister, Maria, were the only membersof the family to come to America. Jamessettled in Dane county, improving a farm inFitchburg. lie died at Waukesha. Mariamarried James Craneficld of Fitchburg. Mr.Tipple was reared and educated in his nativeland and remained as a resident of Englanduntil 1848, when he came to America, sailingfrom Liverpool, in the fall and landingin New York after a voyage of five weeks.He proceeded to I'uffalo and in the springof 1849 made his way to Milwaukee andthence to Dane county, where he purchased400 acres of land in Bltchburg, Dunn andBlooming Grove. He was extensively engagedin farming until his death, which occurredJuly 22, 1887.The children of Mr. and Mrs. Tipple wereas follows: Frances, wife of Aln-aham Murphy;Eliza,married David Roberts; Richard,William, Maria, Sarah, Mamie, Hugh andEmma. Richard is married and lives on thesame farm when^ his parents first stai'ted

453 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFhousekeeping, but in a more commodiousresidence. However, the "old log house"still stands as a memento of the past. Forforty-three years Mrs. Tipple has been a residentof Dane county andis among the mostrespected and esteemed of its residents.fEROMESCOLEN, a farmer of Danecounty. Wisconsin, was born in Tallemarken,Norway, January' l,1832,a6onof Swain and Eliza (Sevcrson) Scolen, nativesalso of Norway, the father born in 1797, andthe mother in 18U5. In 1850 they came toAmerica, locating in Dane county, Wisconsin.They were the parents of three children:Jerome, our subject; Mrs. Oliver Johnson,and Mrs. O. K. Tisbnrg. The father died in1870, and the mother in 1885.Jerome Scolen, the subject of this sketch,came to Pleasant Spring township in thespring of 1851, where he bought and improveda farm. Two years later he beganlearning to make sash, doors and blinds inJauesville, remaining there about eight years,and in 1860 took charge of the home farm of250 acres of choice land. On account of illhealth, Mr. Scolen rents bis place on theshares. In his political views, he affiliateswith the Republican party, and at one timeserved as school clerk. He is a member ofthe Lutheran Church, to which he donatedfiftyacres of his best land for the erection ofan orphan's home. He is a very benevolentgentleman, and has earned an enviable reputationamong all classes andnationalities.Mr. Scolen was married January 1, 1868,to Rebecca Erickson, a native of SouthernNorway, and who came to America shortlybefore marriage.AMESLIVESE Y.—A literary manwrites a book; another writes one andthe first is forgotten; a merchant buildsup a great business and passes away and isno more remembered as his place is filledwith another who can just as successfullycarry on his business of buying and selling.The builder and architect erect monumentswhich will stand as mementoes ofthem longafter their bodies have passed away. Lookingat life in this way we are inclined to theopinion that the occupation of masonry andcontracting is a very desirable one and onewhich reflects the greatest luster upon a city.Our subject located here in 1849 as a merejourneyman workman, but what he has becomeis testified to by the magnificent buildingswhich have arisen under his wizardhand. llisfir.st large work was in the buildingof the iirst county courthouse, andlater he was engaged to build, on contract,the first buildings, the nucleus of the StateUniversity buildings at Madison. A largepart of the buildings of the Insane Hospitalare his work, and he was the contractor forthe beautiful Methodist Episcopal Church,the German Catholic Church, one of thewings of the present State House, the stonework of the new courthouse, all of the cityhigh schools, the stone work ofthe Governmentbuilding, and tlie large and beautifulwater tower of the city.Our subject was the builder of the firstlarge stone block, known as the Fairchildblock and has built many of the businesshouses and the stately private residences,which have made the city of Madison thesubject of innumerable articles in the finestillustrated magazines of the day. The workon tlie State Bank is his and every traveleracross tlie mighty Mississippi river at RockIsland has viewed some of his grand work in

D^iNE COUNTY, WISCON.SIN. 453the construction of the magnificent bridge,which i8 tlie pride of two cities.Our suhject was born in Lancastersliire,Enghmd, May 14, 1816, just ten days beforethe birth of the Queen. He grew up inhis native country, where he learned thetrade of a weaver, but later learned what hefancied nioi-e congenial, the trade of stonecutter.When he was about twenty-oneyears of age, he married in his native shire.Miss Esther Welsh, who is now deceased.About the time of marriage he had plannedto remove to Australia, but a fi-iend pursuadedhim to change his location and makehis new home in the United States. Hesailed from Liverpool, October 22, 1840, onthe ship " Austriaconsin," and after a verystormy voyage of many weeks landed in NewYork city, January 7, 1841. The seas hadswept the

454 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFborn in SheiEeld, England, grew np thereand was educated as a druggist, where hemet and married liis wife. She was bornand reared in the same citj.After the birthof two children they came to America, locatingin Madison, in 1854. Here Mr. Bibbscontinued in his business as drnegist untilhis death. He was good a man and excellentcitizen. Six children were born, three ofwhom are yet living: Arthur J., a grocer ofMadison, who married Miss Kate McAllister;Bertha, who is the wife of Frank Rodger, arailroad engineer on the St. Paul railroad,running between Milwaukee & Waukesha,with headquarters atWaukesha; and CharlesE. a contractor and builder of Bigstone Gap,Vermont, who married Miss Berenice Pratt.The children who died were: Paul U., adruggist now deceased, who married MissMinnie Potter and left two children; RobertN., who died atthe age of thirtj-tive, leavinghis wife, Mrs. Mary (Thompson) Bibbs, andtwo children. He was killetl in a railwayaccident at the same titne as was his brotherPaul. Emma died in infancy.Mr. and Mrs. Livesey are prominent peoplein this city. She is a devoted memberof the Episcopal Church. In politics he is aRepublican, and is one of the best knownand most reliable contractors of the city.He can take a just pride in realizing howmuch he has done to build up and changethe locality. The bogs are filled up and hispresent beautiful home is built where theducks used to swim and where at one time itwas too wet for the Indian to pitch his tent.fliANClSE. WALLACE, a farmer andresident of Fitchburg, Wisconsin, wasborn in (.'olerain, Franklin county,Massachusetts, October 22, 1832.His father,Zebina Wallace, was born in the same town,antlhis grandfather, Seth Wallace, was bornin the town of Lcyden in the same county.The great- grandfather of our subject was alsonamed Seth Wallace, and as far as known wasa native of the same State and of Scotch-Irishancestry. He was a farmer and spent hislast years in the town of Leyden. The grandfatherof our subject moved to the town ofColei-ain, where he purchased a farm andpaid for it with a half bushel of silver dollars.After living there many years he went toWayne county, New York, spending his lastyears with his son Samuel in that county.The maiden name of his wife was MissHulburt, also a native of Massachusetts. Shereared eight children, namely: James, Samuel.Seth, Zel)ina, Thompson, Ann. Esther,Susan and I^fary. The father of our subjectlearned the trade of tanner and shoemaker,which he followed in Colerain until 1840,then removed to Halifax, Vermont, where hefollowed his trade until 1858, then came toWisconsin, where he purchased a farm in thetown of Fitchburg and engaged in farminguntil his death. The maiden name of themother of our subject was Luciiida French,born in Halifax, Vermont, and her parentswere Ebenezer and Sally (Walkup) French,natives of Seekonk, Massachusetts, pioneersof the town of Halifax, Vermont, where theyspent their last years. The mother of oursubject spent her last years on the farm inFitchburg. She reared nine sons, namely:William, Christopher, DeWitt, Clinton, JonathanChilds, Francis E., Zebina, WashingtonL, Henry Clay and Joseph W. Zebina audHenry are dead.At the age of ten years our subject went tolive with his paternal grandparents.He attendedschool part of the time aud the remainderof the time assisted on the farm

:DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 455until he was fourteen, then started out andever afterward cared for himself. He wentto Brattleboro, where he was employed ina hotel for eighteen months, then went toHartford, Connecticut, where he was eraployedin a restaurant for six months, and thenwent to Boston, where he drove a bread wagon,selling the staff of life to the Bostonians. lieresided there until1853, when he took a tri])to Australia, sailing from Boston January19, landing at Melbourne June 7, following.He went to Bendigo, a few miles out fromMelbourne and tliere engaged in mining, remainingfiveyears; returning via London hefinally landed in New York. He visited inVermont a few months and then came toWisconsin. For several months lie was employedin a hotel at Madison, then locatedFitchburg, where he engaged in farming, andin 1871 located on the farm he now ownsand occupies.in 18G-1 he was married to Catherine Farrell,born in Ireland, who came to Americawhen young. They have fourchildren, namelyFrancis, Joseph W., Hall Z. and Amanda.He has been identified with the Republicanparty since itsformation.(HARLES E. I^ARISH, edit(;r and publisherof the iStoughton Courier, wasborn in Albe, a suburban village ofTroy, New York, October 24, 1850. Hisparents, William and Esther Parish, werenatives of Oxfonlshire, England; emicrratedto America in the spring of 1850, and for abrief period made their home in Albe, NewY^ork.In the autumn of 1851 they resumedtheir march westward, and after several weeksinof privation and hardship, traveling by steamship,railroad and oxcart, arrived in the villageof Stoughton, Dane county, Wisconsin.It was then a mere hamlet in the wilderness,being composed of twelve houses and a schoolhouse.The railroad was not then completedwest of Milwaukee, andthe family, togetherwith other pioneers, suffered many hardshipsand privations. At the completion of therailroad business began to improve, buildingswere erected and Stoughton began slowly toassume the appearance of a prosperous village.The father of our subject commencedtaking contracts for excavating cellars andother work, inwhich he gave employment toa number of men, and thus, by frugality andeconomy, secured enough ofthe wildcat currencyof the period to enable him t

456 BIOORAPHIGAL REVIEW OFthat city; during the succeeding wintertraveled for the State Journal; the followingsummer obtained employment in the officeof the Madison Democrat; during the fall of1876 acted as booic and time keeper for thecontractor who erected the Blind Institute atJanesville;as correspondentduring the winter resumed workfor several newspapers andperiodicals, writing at that time descriptivearticles,jioetry, etc.; in May, 1877, purchaseda half interest with George W. Currier in theStoughton Courier, and a year later becamesole owner and publisher, in whicli businesshe has ever since continued.In the winterof 1881 Mr. Parish was appointed proofreaderfor the Assembly, and the followingspring, upon the incorporation ofStoughtonas a city, he was elected Supervisor for theSecond Ward. This position he held untilhis removal to the First Ward in the fall of1885. The next spring he was elected Supervisorof the First AVard, and has since beenre-elected several times. Mr. Parish is astanch Republican in politics. For severalyears he was associated with lion. J. M.Clancey, Assistant Attorney-General, in thereal-estate business, and during tlie boom of1884 '85 they sold a large amount of property.At present, besides publishing the Courier,he conducts a real-estateand insurance business.Mr. Parish was married November 12,1872, to Maud A., youngest daughter of Dr.M. Lewis and Juditii (Marshall) Belden, ofStoughton.IlIAKLES BEKNAilD, our subject iswell-known Gertnan-American citizen,of Madison, Dane county, Wisconsin,and one of the oldest of the pleasure-boatamen and Ushers onlake Mendota; having theboat, Anna, and the new boat, the Columbia,carrying about one hundred persons. Hisfishing station is thoroughly equipped withall things essential to enjoyable indulgencein piscatorial pastime; while it is worth along journey to encounter so jolly, fun-lovingand clever story-telling a man as CharleyBernard.Those who know the man are notsurprised that he should have so many patronsand so many warm friends. He establishedhis station as far back as 1855, havingr cometo Madison two years before and worked athis trade as a tailor; but love of the waterand boats tempted him away from the"goose."Mr. Bernard may be termed, infact a manof all trades, but he gives the lie to the oldproverb about the jack of all trades, becausehe is good in all that he essays to do. Backin New York city he was a member of themarine band in the United States navalservice; buta threatened order to the watersof China caused him to give up horn tootingand become a helper to a ship carpenter inthe Brooklyn navy yard, where with his usualquickness he learned to be a boat builder.Later he enlisted in the Second United StatesVolunteer Artillery, Governor Bankhead,commanding; going first to Fort Hamilton,and thence south to General Taylor's army,and afterward to that of General Scott inMe.xico, where he took part in the battlesPalo Alto, Resaca, De La Palma and Monterey.Then with General Scott he participatedin the battles (bombardment) of VeraCruz, being there offered a lieutenancyofwhichhe declined; and there saw close and hardfighting, being himself slightly wounded inthe right leg by a bomb shell. Under thegeneral last named he also fought inthe battlesof Cerro Gordo, St. Angelo. San Anto-

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 457Ilia, Goiitreras, Clienibiisco. King's Mills andCliepultepec. In the last named battle hefonght with one arm in a sling, using a carbine,he having been wounded by a shotthrough the shoulder in the battle of Chernbnsco.In order to be present at the fighthe had to give the hospital folks the slip.Our subject was also in the battle at thegates of the city of Mexico, and marcheil withthe army into that city, he at that time beingin command of a division of the battery.After peace was declared Mr. Bernard returnedwith liis regiment to Xew York city,where he was honorably discharged, atGovernor'sIsland, September 2, 1848. He wasa brave and faithful soldier and had he consentedwould have been promoted step bystep to a considerable rank. A year wasspent in New York city and then Mr. Bernardwent toLancaster county, Pennsylvania,remaining three years, working at the trade ofa tailor, an imlustry he had learned in NewYork and then he came to Madison, with thepurpose of going into the nursery business,but the partner who had preceded him withthe object of Imying the lan(J had skipped thecountry, and so he fellback upon his trade oftailor, leaving that, as stated before, to gointo his present business.Our subject was born in the grand duchyof Baden, near Friedberg, Germany, May 23,182-i, and came to the United States whenonly eight years old, with an ac(|uaintance, aman, being the first of his family to reachthis country. He grew up in New Yorkcity, where he received schooling additionalto what he had enjoyed in the old country.He has never been back to Germany and isthoroughly attached to America.His parentswere Joseph and Margaret (Roth) Bernard,both of whoui lived and died in their nativeprovince, passing away at an advanced age in1850. They were descendants of a Frenchfamil}' that was exiled in the middle of thesixteenth century, and settled with a numl)erof other exiles at Leon, Germany. Threebrothers of our subject emigrated to America,viz.: Benedict, deceased; Joseph, Street SuperintendeTitof Indianapolis, a position hehas held for many years; and Constantine, theyounger brother, a retail clothing merchant,of Brooklyn, New York.Mr. Bernard was married in New York toMiss Margaret Gardess, a native of Havre deGrace, France, and came to this counti-y whenfifteen years old, unaccompanieil. She diedat her home in Madison, April 28, 1887,aged sixty-five. Seven children were bornto her, namely: Gatharlne, died at the ageof seventeen; Gharles, a painter, and chiefengineer of the fire department of Madison,married Miss Mary McConnell: Maggie,wife of H. J. Van Culen; Henry, a painter,living at Madison, married Miss Nellie Delaney;William P., living at home and assistinghisfather; Anna, wife of Fred Pfaff,a candy manufacturer of Gincinnati; George,at home attendingschool.Mr. Bernard is a member of the Gatholicchurch, in which faith his wife died. He isa member of the Ancient United (J)rder ofDruids, and has held every oflice in thatorder; and was a delegate to the last NationalGonvention, held at Paterson, New Jersey, in1892. In politics he is a Democrat, iiut l»yno means a bitter partisan, believing it ispossible for a man to differ with him withoutbeing a very bad man.fOHNHOWIE, a farmer of Dane county,Wisconsin, was born in Ayrshire, Scot--i\;, land, in 1832, a son of Andrew Howie,a native of the same county. His parents.

458 BIOGRAPniCAL REVIEW OPJohn and Elizabeth (Hepburn) Howie, werealso natives of Ayrshire, where they diedin middle life. They had four sons: Andrew,father of our subject; John, who died inScotland in 1855, in the prime of life; William,still resides in Scotland; and Robert, whocame to America some years after his eldestbrother, and resides on the Hudson river,New Yurk, where he is a retired contractorand builder. Andrew Howie was married inScotland, to Mary, a daughter of Feter andMary (Galbraith) Shaw. In the sprincr of1840 they came on the Scotch sail vessel,Romules, to America, landing in New Yorkafter a voyage of six weeks and three days.They tirst stopped for a few months in PassaicFalls, New Jersey, resided in Albany.New Y'ork, si.x years, and in the spring of1846 moved to Hope township, Hamiltoncounty, that State, where the father and sonsengaged in farming and lumbering. In 1855the father and sons came to Wisconsin on aprospecting tour, the family followiiii,' twoyears later, and they engaged in teaming inMadison. The family then lived on a rentedfarm near the Madison University, and in1859 purchased 166 acres of the farm nowowned by our subject, for which they paid§2,000. This place was all prairie land, e.xceptfifteen acres of timber. The mother died inDecember, 1860, in her tifty-sixth year, leavingten children. The father departed thislite four and a half years later, at the age offifty-eight years, and both were buried ontheir farm.Neil Howie, the second son of AndrewHowie, and a brother of our subject, completeda full course in the University CommercialSchool in the winter of 1867. Duringbis short earthly careerhe won a reputationfor unswerving honor and integrity, and alsofor the most intrepid and undaunted courage.The following spring after his graduation hestarted alone from Madison, Wisconsin, forPike's Peak, the new El Dorado, as it wasthen called, to search for gold. Taking thecars to Leavenworth, Kansas, he there joinedan emigrant train, going across the plainswith t.>\ teams. After a few days with thiscompany, during which time they lost twomen, May 22, in a terrible blizzard, he andone companion started out alone and on foot.They carried their ritles and a blanket, andarrived in Denver. Colorado, nearly threeweeks before their train. Mr. Howie immediatelytraded his rifle for a miner's outfit,and began prospecting with such successthat he sold one of his claims for 84,500.The following fall he returned home to seehis mother, but arriving only a few days beforedeath came to relieve her of suffering.In the spring of 1S61 he again started forPike's Peak, with a horse team andcampingoutfit, and in company with several others.After remaining there two years with varyingsuccess, he emigrated to Montana Territoryin the summer of 1863, and engaged in miningnear Virginia city. While in Montana,in the rough and perilous time of tht roadagents and highwaymen, he was known asthe bravest of the brave, and distinguishedhimself several times in bringing many ofthe most dangerous to justice. He was oneof the vigilantes, who redeemed that sectionfrom the reign of terror and most atrociousmurders in the annals of modern history.One instance of \\\a bravery and valuableservice deserves a special mention. In January,1864, when the vigilantes were organizedfor the redemption of Montana, andwhile eni'a';ed in teaming, he met a notorioushighwayman, nicknamed Dutch Wagner.The latter, in company with a bad Indian.was about to flee from justice. Mr. Howie

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 459urged two companies of freighters to helphim secure this murderer, but they refused,and he resolved to take him siiiirle-handeiland alone. lie haileil hi in as he was ridingaway with his companion, saying: " Hello,Captain, I want to speak to you.'' The fellowhalted, and Howie's quickhand graspedhis revolver, advanced toward the Dutciunan,he took hold of the barrel of his gun, andtold hini to dismount and come with him.The man obeyed, and was taken to thelieadquartersof the vigilantes, and afterwardhnng. Soon after this Mr. Howie was appointedDeputy Sheriff; in May, 1867, wasmade Sheriff by Governor Edgerton; March22, 1867, was chosen Colonel of the Montanatroops in the Indian war; appointed UnitedStates Marshall of Montana, by PresidentJohnson; and later went to South America,where he died July 12, 1878, in the prime oflife. This is another proof of the law ofheredity. A brother of his grandmother,Adam Hepburn, distinguished himself as amember of the celebrated Scotch Greys, inthe battle of Waterloo, and also ina personalcombat killed two of Napoleon's cavalry.Mr. Hepburn was an active participant inthe battle of Waterloo, where this combattook place.John Howie, the subject of thissketch, is engaged in farming on his lineplace of 200 acres, on section 33, Viennatownship, Dane county.This lani was purchasedby the father and three sons of WilliamR. Taylor, and after the father's deathour subject purchased the interests of his twobrothers. He has given his attention principallyto horticulture, and the place is nowknown as Pine Lawn, from the large numberof beautiful trees of the pine family emboweringit. Among these are the Norway,White, Scotch, Austrian, Gi'eyand Mo\intainpine, also several varieties of the sprucebalsam and cedar. Many of these wereplanted twenty-eight years ago, andhave attaineda spread of forty-four feet, and fiftyfeetheigh th.Mr. Howie was married October 24, 1861,to Mary A. Lamont, a sister of Thayer G.Lamont. To this union was born four children:dean, eighteen years of age, is pursuingher studies at home, and also teachingmusic;Neil, aged seventeen years, works onthe home farm; John, aged fourteen years,is attending school; and William Thayer,born August 17, 1889, has been reared byMr. Howie's sister, Mrs. W. W. Potter, ofChippewa Falls, Wisconsin. Mr. Howie meta heavy and sad loss in the death of his wife,August 17, 1889, in her forty-tifth year.Our subject was formerly a Republic;in, butnow espouses the movement to abolish theAmerican saloon. Ho has frequently beenelected to otKces of trust by his fellow townsmen,and in 1889 vvas elected and served asChairman of the Board of Supervisors. Heis a member in good standing of MadisonLodge, No. 5, A. F. & A. M.fOHN(T ^ . (?)W. GREENMAN, a farmer ofDane county, was born inFulton county.New York, May 7, 1833, a son of James(ireenman, who was l)orn in Rhode Island in1807. He was married in that State in 1828to Mary White, who was born at Sackett'sHarbor, New York, November 21, 1839.Three years after marriage they moved toFulton county. New York, wliere the fatherfollowed the carpenters' trade about fortyyears. zVbout 1882 tliey removed to SouthDakota, where the fatlier died in 1885, agedseventy-eight years, and the mother abouttwo years later, at the age of seventy-live

460 BIOGRAPHICAL HE VIEW OFyears.Tliey reared a family of six children,viz.: William, who died in Buffalo, NewYork, at tlie age of nineteen years; Sarali,wife of Joseph Carr, ofGloversville, Fultoncounty. New York; John, our subject;Georj^e, a farmer of Washincrton; Alexander,a merchant of Kedfield, Dakota; and CharlesF., a fanner of Iowa.John W. Greentnan, the subject of thissketch, learned the trade of half-bushelmaker and carpenter in Adams, Jeffersoncounty, New York. In the fall of1854 he removed to Aurora, Illinois,but later began fanning on rented land inArlington township, Dane county, Wisconsin.In 1860 he purchased ei

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 4(ilfREDERK;S. McCHESNEY was l.ornMay 6, 1864, on his fatlier's farm, section19, in the township of Vienna. Hisfather, Rudolph McCliesnev, was liorn in1824, in Oswego county. New York, wlierehe was reareil a farmer hoy in the backwoodson Salmon river. His father died wheti hewas six or seven years of ao-e.His schoolingwas very limited and the most of his largebusiness transactions have been done by memory,he keeping but a small inemorandum.He came to Wisconsin, when he was twentythreeor four years of age, with Mr. EzraGheesbro, for whom he worked for some time,after which he went teaming' between MineralPoint and Milwaukee. He has been anindustrious andsuccessful farmer and muchrespected l)y all. He died October 1, 18111.Wheti Mr. McChesney came here he was asingle man, but when he was thirty-two yearsof age lie married Miss Hannah Sharp. Shewas born in the village of Easington, Durhamcounty, England, in 1834, the daughterof Job Sharp, who, with her two l)rothers,Robert and Joseph, came to this county.Joseph served as a volunteer in the SeventhWisconsin Infantry and was wounded intherioht arm in the battle of the Wilderness.He was veteranized and served thi-ouy:!! thewar, having entered as a [irivate but was promotedto Commissary Sergeant. Our subject'sgrandfather also served through the w\arof 1812. There were seven in tlie family ofour subject's father: the eldest, Rudolph I).,died at the age of five years; John C, a farmerof Brown county. South Dakota, whohad the first shinfde roof on his house formiles in that section, as his father had thefii'st shingle roof in this section. He is a greatreader, being particularly noted in his schooldays for correct spelling and having mademore than one teacher confess himself vansi(juislied; William 1!., dieil September 19,1881, at the age of nineteen years havingbeen an invalid the greater part of his life.Our subject has not had as thorough atraining at school as he would have desired,but he graduated at the Northwestern BusinessCollege at Madison, March 19, 1886,and is of a very ol)serving mind and possessesa good memory, both of which gifts are ofmore value than anAfter leaving school heunpractical education.traveled considerable.He is a good wagonmaker but hasnever served an apprenticeship. His firsteffort to build a wagon was a success. Hisfather was a natural mechanic. Our subjecthas also worked at the carpenters' trade, makingof it a success. He bought tiie tools andbusiness of the wagonmaker at Waunakeeand took possessionNoviunber 24, 1891, andalthough five or six men had started there atthe wagon-making business they had made afailure of it, although they had served an apprenticeshipat it.He moved to his farm, section 20, Vienna,SeptemlierO, 1892. He married Miss AmeliaS. Breseman, a daughter of John Breseman,March 16, 1892. IVfr. ilcChesney is an OddFellow, is untramelled in religion and in])olitics,law of life.but believes in the golden rule as theJoseph B., is at home working the farm;Elizabeth A., died very suddenly of heartdisease Januai-y 21, 1888, when nineteenyears of age; Rose B., is a young lady residingwith her mother in the city of Madison.I^IMEON DE BOWER, a resident of1^1^^ sin, was born in Germany, in 1832.His father, Ede De Bower, was a laborer ipVienna townshi]), section 17, Wiscon-

462 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFthat country and diedthere at about the ageof sixty-live. The mother of our subjectwas named (iesina (i'^olken) De Bower, andthey reared four daugliters and five sons, allgrowing to maturity, except one son whodied in childhood, three sons and two daughtersare still living. The mother died at theage of seventy-live years.Harry, Gert, our subject and Edward, werethe sons of the family who came to America;and Deboi'ah, wife of Gert Harms, a lartrefarmer in Butler county. Towa, and Tina,wife of John Pagel, who died in Kansas, inMarch, 1891, in middle life,leaving a family,were the daughters that came to America.Simeon and (rert were the first to come toAmerica, makin>() he built his cow and hay barn, 76 x24 feet, with sixteen feet posts and containsthirty -one iiead of cattle and seven horses.Mr. De Bower was the firstdrafted man inthis township and paid his $300 for a substitutesHe was one of a club of eiglit whomet this call in December, 1862. He hasbeen a life long Republican and is an excellentcitizen.LMON BELL, one of the prominentresidents of Rutland, Wisconsin, wasborn in the town of Independence,Warren county, New Jersey, on February 15,1818. His father, Joseph Bell, was born inthe same State, but Grandfather Isaac Bellwas a native of Massachusetts, and was asoldier in the Revolutionary war, and diedin Warren county. New Jersey, on the farmwhich his son Joseph worked, and whichGrandfather Barker had given to Joseph'swife. Joseph also worked for otiiers, lived aquiet and peaceful life and died in his nativeState about 1879, aged eighty-five years.Themaiden name of the mother of our subjectwas Elizabeth Parker, who was born in NewJersey, a daughter of Jonathan Parker.She spent her entire life in her native Stateand reared a family of seven children, as

DANE COUNTY. WISCONSIN. 4r, ifollows:Lewis, onr subiect, Micajah, Delilah,Theodore, Abner, Catherine and Elias.(^ur subject was reared and educated inhis native county. In his yo\ith there wereno free schools, and as his father was inlimited circumstances he grew up with verylimited school advantages. lie was obligedto assist in the caring for the family, andgave his wages to his father until he wastwetity years of age, when his fatherpermittedhim to take charge of his own affairs.After marriage our subject removed toSussexcounty, where he rented land and remainedthere until1848, when with his wifeand four children he came west to Wisconsin.The long trip was made with teams to Morristown,then by rail to New York, by steameitoAlbany, by canalto Buffalo, on by steameragain to Racine and then by team again toCooksville, Rock county, where our subjectrented a room for his family and started outto seek a location for a home in the wilderness.At that time Madison was a small village,and the surrounding country was butlittle improved. Soon he found a suitablelocality and bought 120 acres of land onsection 21, in Rusland township, paying$450 for the whiile tract. There were twentyacres of timber deadened; the land was brokenand a log house constituted the improvements.The last of July found the familylocated on the new home. Fqr seven yearsafter there was no railroad near enough to beof benefit to this section, and the most availablemarket was Milwaukee, and h^ made thetrips there with i\nox team.In 1852 our subject went to California.He started April 7, and niade an overlandjourney with oxen. At that time there wereno white settlers Ijetween the Missouri riverand California, except tlie Mormons at SaltLake. In September our subject reachedWhiskey Diggins in California, near the locality'known as (xibsonville. He enga^cclin mining in various parts until February,1855, when he returned liy way of the Isthmusand New York, and arrived home poorerthan when he went away.Since this experiencehe has been engaged in farniins:, lindinffthat the sure results of agriculture, althoughslower than the gain sometimes naade inother lines of business, are more reliable.Mr. Rell has improved his place and haserected go(jd buildings, making of it a comfortableand pleasant home. He marriedMarch 20, 1841, Miss Mary Shampnor, whowas born in Warren county. New Jersey,November 10, 1821. Her father, ThomasShampnor is supposed to have been born inthe State of New York, and became a bootand slioe manufacturer both in New Yorkand New Jersey. He died in Tarrytown,New York, and was a soldier in the war of1812. The name of the mother of our subjectwas Mercy Sutton, and she died in thetown of Rutland, Wisconsin. She i-earedten children, as follows: Mary, now Mrs.Bell; Samuel, Andrew Jackson, ThomasSteward, Elizabeth, Adeline, George, Emelineand Silas. Mr. and Mrs. Bell iiave hadan interesting family of eleven children, asfollows: John S., Winfield S., Theodore F.,Aaron,William, Adeline, Laura, Almon IL,Orsen II., Eva aiul Ilattie. Mr. and Mrs.Bell are members of the Free Will BaptistChurch. He is a Prohibitionist in politicsand he has filled various offices of trust, andfor twenty years served as Justice of thePeace. He was three terms Tax Collector, amember of the Town Board, being Chairmanof the same, and has also been superintendentof schools.Two of the sons of Mr. Bell served intliolate war. John S. belonged to the Second

464 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFWisconsin Vulunteer Infantry, and was inthe battle of iUill Run, where he was captureci and imprisoned in Libby prison foralmost eleven months, havincr been severelywounded in the head. Winfield S. servedin the Seventh Kegiment, "Wisconsin VolunteerInfantry and was wounded in the arm inthe battle of the Wilderness. Another son-Theodore, served it the Forty-second Wis,consin./?fOIIX W. LEAKV, the subject of thisbrief sketch, was born at New Diggings,La Fayette county, AV^iscousin, May 25.1858. His parents, Dennis and Mary (Tobin)Leary, emigrated to this country from countyCork, Ireland, when young, and like so manyof their race brought to this new and strangeland the sole inheritance of honest hearts andwilling hands.The first years of John's life were spent atNew Diggings, thence on a farm in Moscow,Iowa county, and finally, in 18(37, on the oldhomestead still in the possession of the family,in Blue Mounds, Dane county. Thelather, a miner and farmer by occupation, diedin 1883, after a lingering illness,leaving John,the eldest son, heir to the care of a widowedmother and large family-John's early life was anything but enviable.His experiences were those of hardy manhood,not tender years; his father being iininvalid, upon the boy at an early age devolvedthe many cares and hardships of supportingthe household. The homestead was heavilymortgaged, and at onetime the last cow wassold fur debt at Sheriff's sale. But with theniidaunted courage, begotten ofyears of trialand toil; with the true spirit of a pioneerand the indomitable will of a conqueror,John won advantage from adversity, overcomingobstacle after obstacle, till plentydisplaced poverty, and the humble home wasredeemed. Now, during the crisp, fallmonths he would feed a thresher, and againfrom farm house to farm house pile high,from his good circular saw, the winter'sfuel,that the interest on the debt, the taxes on thehome, might be paid, and the loved ones madesecure. Then taking a short respite fromvexing toil, he would spend each winter amonth or two in the district school in thewood, where his thirsting soul drank deeplyof the facts and truths of reader and history.Though at majority he had never entereda higher institution of learning than hishome district school, still he always hungeredfor more knowledge, and courageously hopedon for a higher education.inAll conies to him who learns to wait, and1881 a favorable circumstance enabled hiinto spend the winter of 1882-"83 in the highschool at Ean Claire. The spring and summermonths of '83 he worked the farm, andapplying for entrance at the Platteville NormalSchool at the opening of the fall term,was one of two out of fifty-eight applicantswho reached the required test. The experiencesof his boyhood had taught him to valuetime and opportunity;he now made most ofboth. Having finished a four years' coursein twenty-two months, he graduated in June,1SS6. Then followed two years of teaching,one inthe graded school at Blue Mounds, andthe other as principal of the high school atBlack Earth.In 1888 he entered the Collegeof Law, Wisconsin State University, andgraduated the- following June, 1889, a distinguishedmember of his class. Enteringat once on the practice of his profession inthe city of Madison, his character andability

DANE COUNTY, WTSGOySTN. 465soon won recognition, and in the fall of 1890he was elected District Attorney of Danecounty over the alilest man on the Ilepnblicanticket. Henominated in 1S92, he was againelected, runninjj ahead of his ticket.On June 30, 1891, Mr. Leary was joinedin wedlock with Miss Celia Severson, anamiable and accomplished young lady, thedaughter of Iver and Martha Severson, ofBlack Earth, Wisconsin. A bright littledaughter, Mary Celia, was born tocouple, April 22, 1892.this happyIll politics Mr. Leary is a Democrat; inreligion a Catholic. As a public officer heis faithful, painstaking and efficient; as anorator he is convincing, so earnest is thepresentation of his theme. He is an untiringstudent of the law, devoting all his sparemoments to this, his favorite study andchosen profession.A kind son and brother, a model husband,a valuable citizenand creditable official,this boy born in poverty and reared in privation,stands now on the threshold of a brilliantcareer.'>'^i^i:^\t5

406 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFvillage. He did all his farm work and marketingwith oxen, in fact u>ed to take hisfamily to " meeting" and visiting in an oxteam.He was married March 18, 1846, toMiss Sarah M. Colljns, who was born inMonkton, Addison county, Vermont, July18, 1822. Her father, Alson Collins, wasborn in the same town, andher grandfather,Daniel was born in Milford, Connecticut,while her great-grandfather, also Daniel Collins,as far as known, was a life-long residentof the Nutmeg State. The grandfather wasone of the pioneers of the town of Monkton,where he located when a yonng man, purchasinga tract of timber land and improvinga farm which he occupied many years. Hespent his last days in tiie village of Monkton.The maiden name of his wife was SarahSmith, a life-long resident of Monkton. Thefather of Mrs. Thompson was a farmer andlife-long resident of Monkton. The maidenname of the mother of Mrs. Thompson wasJerusha Hardy, born inof SilasMonkton, a daughterHardy, who was formerly a residentof New Ilampshii-e, who, accompanied byhis wife, removed from that State to Vermont,making the journey on horseback.They were early settlers in the village ofMonkton. He bought timber land, built alog house in the wilderness, and lived therenntil he died. The maiden name of his wifewas Polly Flag, a native of New Hampshire,and she died in Monkton. The mother ofMrs. Thompson was a life-long resident ofMonkton. Mr. and Mrs. Thompson havefive living children, namely:Nettie, CharlesH., George E., Elmer E. and Harvey L.Mr.and Mrs. Tiiompson are members of the CongregationalChurch. He was formerly aWhig, but has been a Republican since theformation of the party. This is a fine oldNew England family and enjoys the respectand esteem of all who come in contact withthem.fOHNJ. SUHK, president of the GermanAmerican Bank, Madison, Wisconsin.The bank was established in 1871,and has been very successful. The obligingcashier is F. W. Suhr. Our subject cameto this city in January, 1857. He was bornMay 27, 1836, in the free city of Bremen,one of the oldest and most loyal cities ofGermany. He is a member of the MadisonFi'ceLibrary Board and of the Board of Education,and is an ex- President of the TurnerSociety.l^jgAPOLEON B. VAX SLYKE, presidentof the First National Bank ofMadison, Wisconsin, was born in Saratogocounty, New York, December 21, 1822.His father, Daniel Van Slyke was born inOnondaga county. New York, and the grandfatherof our subject, Gerrett Van Slyke,was born in Herkimer county, New Y'ork, ofearly Holland ancestry. He was a farmerand spent his entire life in his native State.The father of our subject adopted the professionof civil engineer and had charije of theconstruction of the Chesapeake and OhioCanal, from Georgetown to Harper's Ferry.He was also engaged with De Witt Clinton,Jr., inthe construction of the ship canal, connectingSavannah and Ogeechee rivers inGeorgia. He died in Onondaga county. NewY'ork, in 1831, aged thirty-one years. Themaiden name of the mother of our subjectwas Laura Mears, a native of Montgomery

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 467county, New York, who died iu Onondagacounty, New York, in 1842, aged thirty-eight.The maternal grandparents of our suhject,James and Ltmis Mears, were natives of Vermont,who came to Wisconsin and spent theirlast years liere, the grandfather jiving to theage of ninety, and thegrandinotlier to the ageof eighty-tive years.The subject commenced adult life as a farmerfrom 1844 to 1850, in Cayuga county,JSew York, and then engaged in business atSyracuse, New York, thence became to Madison,Wisconsin, early in 1853, where he organizedthe Dane Countj' Bank, subsequentlychanged to the First National. When thecivil war broke out he was Assistant Quartermasterof the State until the Governmenttook charge of supplying the army; and wasthen in the United States Quartermaster's Departmentuntil the war closed. He was commissionedfrom Captain to Lieutenant-Colonelin this department, and had full charge offurnishing allquartermaster supplies for theWisconsin sokliers throughout the State.Since that timehe has been president of theFirst National Bank, No. 144, thesuccessorof the Dane County Bank. lie was Ilegentof the Stale University for many years andchairman of its executive committee fortwelve years. He is now the president of theWisconsin Bankers' Association and an activemember of the executive council of the AmericanBankers' Association. He is also vicepresidentof the Savings, Loan and TrustCompany and president of three or four othercorporations.He was married in 1844, at Sennett, inCayuga county, New York, to Laura Sheldon,a native of New York, and a daughter ofHon. E. W. Sheldon, by which marriagethere are two children, Laura and S. W.Sheldon. He was airain married in 1859,to Annie Corbett,daughter of Cooper Corbett,of Corbettsville, New York, and by thismarriage has but one son, James M.Ho has been one of the most successfull)usiness men of Madison and prominentlyidentified with all the interests of the city,county and State. He was largely instrumentalin making the first substantial improvementsin the city, in erecting the CityHall and in selecting tiie site for and improvingForest Hill cemetery. For a timehe engaged in the lumber business iti northernWisconsin. Intelligent, capable and progressive,honorable, generousand courteous,he holds a deservedly' high position in the esteemof hisfellow-men.FORGE E. FESS, deceased.-Our subject,while living, was one of the wellknowncitizens of Madison, Wisconsin,having been for many years the genial hostof one of the leading hotels of the CapitalCity. Mr. Fess was born in Gloucestershire,England, March 18, 1816, rearedby English parents, andtherelearned the trade ofshoemaker. He was yet a young man whenhe left the home of his nativity and came toAmerica. After landing here he made hisway to Milwaukee and secured a position assteward on a Michigan lake steamer, in whichposition he remained for some time. Whileserving in that capacity he fell overboardand was nearly drowned, being finally rescuedwith a boat hook. He looked to be dead, butsome charitable ladies insisted on having himtaken to a drug store, and after strenuousefforts was restored to consciousness, but wassick for about six months. After his recoveryhe canje to Madison in1842, and engagedas cook in Webster'e restaurant, the

468 BIOGRAPETGAI. REVIEW OFlatter being an acquaintance of his in Milwauivee.Later he engaged with the AmericanIlonse, where he remained some time;tlien accepted the position of caterer for ex-Governor Farwell, of this city. AlthoughMr. Fees startedhere as a very poor man, soindustrious was he and so faithful to allduties imposed, that in time he began toaccuiiiuUite money of his own, and finallywas able to build the Fess House.This hotelwas only a small one at first, but so successfulwas he in pleasing his patrons that businessincreased until he became one of the l)estknown innkeepers in the city, and accommodateda large percentage of the traveling public.All who knew him felt assured that theywould receive nothing but the best of attentionat his hands. He was respected as agood and generous man, and had manyfriends in Madison and this part of the State.Independent himself in political views, hebelieved in allowing others the same privilege,lie cheerfully gave of his substanceto support the Methodist Church, in whichhe held membership, and was equally willingto aid in any good work.Mr. Fess was the only member of his familywho came to this country to remain,although he hiid a brother, Harry, who spentthree years here, but is now living in Queenstown,Australia, where a brother, John, isalso living, having become very wealthy.Another brother, Charles, died in England,although his family now reside in Australia.The parents of our subject lived and died intheir native land, the fatherpassing away inGloucestershire, and the mother in the sameshire. The former was an overseer in afactory.Our subject was married in Madison, toMiss Anna D. liossback, born in Wynou,Saxony, Germany, November 13, 1832, daughterofMathias and Dora F. (Wentzeh) Kossback,natives of Germany.in her native land inThe mother died1840, when only thirtytwo,leaving her husband with four littlechildren, one of whom was only a few weeksolil.Seven years later, in 1847, the husbandstarted withhis children to America, sailingfrom Bremen harbor to Quebec, Canada,where he arrived after a voyage of elevenweeks. From Quebec they proceeded toMilwaukee by boat; thence over the unbrokencountry to Blue Mounds, Dane county,where Mr. Rossback, assisted by his agedmother, who came with them, settled hislittle ones on a Government claim, whichproceeded to cultivate into a comfortablehome. Six years after landing his motlierdied of the dreaded cholera, when sixty- sixyears of age. He continued to reside on hisfarm for some years, but later retired to theFess House, and remained until his deaththere, six years later, at the age of eighty-twoyears. He was a noble, good man, a publicspiritedcitizen and a true Christian. Mrs.Fess was the only daughter of the family,but has three brothers, namely: Jeremiah,John Casper and John Conrad, all of whomare farmers in the northern part of Wisconsin,and all are blessed with families. iS'owoman was ever a truer helpmate to her husband,in the best sense of the w'ord, than wasMrs. Fess. She directed all the culinaryoperations, and it was largely due to her aidin this department that the Fess Housegained so wide-known a reputation for itshomelike cookery and service. When thedeath of Mr. Fess occurred, December 5,1875, at the Fess House, Mrs. Fess took thereins of the establishment into her own hands,and for sixteen years continued to carry onthe business, maintaining the excellence ofservice for which it was famed. Quite re-he

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 469ceiitly she turned the business over to lierson, George Fess, Jr., who is now the presentsuccessful manager of this well-known hostelry,which was more than doubled by hismother during her reign of sixteen years.George £. is the eldest child of his parents,and married Miss Delia McMahoou. JohnW., the second child, still resides at home,while Charles, Edward and Anna D. are alsoat home, the latter being an artist of nomean ability.Mrs. Fess was married again, her secondhusband beingofMr. Perry Doolittle, a nativeBoone county, New York, who came westto Wisconsin, locating at Dayton, Greencounty, where he remained some years, employedas a carriage finisher and cabinetmaker,lie died in Madison, February 21,1887, aged sixty-one years.I^ON. WILLIAM IIENKY ROGERS,an honored resident of Madison, Wisconsin,who is widely and favorablyknown as an able lawyer and upright,whole-souled man, was born in Mount Morris,New York, March 15, 1850. Ilis parentswere John and Julia (Buckley) Rogers,bothnatives of Ireland, the former born near Armourand the latter in county Cork. Oftheir four sons and three daughters, thesubjectof this sketch was the second inorder ofbirth and the oldest son.When Mr. Rogers, of this notice, was buttwo years ofage, his parents emigrated fromthe Empire State to the western wilds of Wisconsin,which was then on the frontier ofcivilization.Here they settled on some wild,unimproved land in Dodge county, to thecultivation of which the older members lenttheir strenuous efforts. When the subject ofthis sketch was twelve years of age, the tirstbreak iuthe family was made by the father'senlistment in the war, and during his father'sabsence he attended to the work on the farm.After the close of the struggle and the returnof the head of the household, the subject ofthis sketch attended the country schools.18(38 he entered the Marshall Academy, inDane county, at which he graduated in 1871.He then entered the preparatory departmentof the State University at Madison, wherehe pursued a scientific course and gi'adiiatedin the class of 1875.InIn the fail of the sameyear he became a student in the law departmentof the same institution, where hecompletedhis course in June, 1876. He wasafterward nominated by the Democratic partyas District Attorney of Dane county, towhich office he was elected by a majority of700 votes, showing at t)nce his popularity inthe vicinity. After serving his term ofofBce, Mr. Rogers began the practice of lawin partnership witli R. B. Smith. He wasnot, however, to be long relegated to privatelife, for in 1883 he was elected Alderman ofthe Second Ward, and by that body electedPresident of the CJommon Council and memberof the Board of Education, which positionshe held two years. In 1885 he wasappointed Assistant United States Attorneyof Wesher district, in Wisconsin, in whichcapacity he servetl with ability and honorfour years. Having thus a.scended in publicoflice, he was, in the spring of 1891, electedMayor of Madison, defeating hisRepublicanopponent by a phenomenally large majority;and in 1892 he received the unanimous nominationof both parties for the same office.Upon assuming the duties of his office inspring of 1889, he found the streets ofMadison unimproved and many of them inan almost impassable condition. He at once

470 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFmade street improvements a specialty of hisadministration, and with skill, energy andmarked executive ability he had in ashort time worked up a strong sentiment infavor of macadamizing the streets, and duringthe first season three miles of streets werethus paved and there existed a constantlygrowing sentiment in favor of continuing thework.Accordingly, the work tvas continuedthe second season with like enenrv and dispatch,and so on until now every principalstreet of the city, many of them extending tothe outer limits of the corporation, are wellmacadamized; and no person can he foundwho is opposed to the enterprise.It is also due to the foresight and energyof Mr. Rogers that electric-car lines havebeen established and are in full operation,and many other improvements made; so thatMadison is now in the lead, in respect tomunicipal improvements, among the progressivecities of the Northwest. The parallel,indeed, to the work of " Boss" Shepherd inWashington during the days of Grant, is sonearly perfect that Mr. Rogers has actuallybeen dubbed the " Boss Shepherd " ofMadison.In 1883 Mr. Rogers formed a law partnershipwith Mr. Hall, under the firm name ofRogers & Hall.Another member was addedto the firm, in the person of CongressmanBushnoll, in May, 1891. Besides his professionalduties and j)ublic offices, Mr. Rogershas continued to retain his interest, assumedwhen a young man, with Levi Gesswold, ofDodge county, in the threshing machinebusiness. In the fall of 1892, Mr. Rogersaccepted a fiattering offer made him by theEquitable Life Insurance Company of NewYork, to become their general agent. Histerritory in the insurance field will includeIllinois and Wisconsin. The Equitable companyisthe greatest insurance organization inthe world and has been in existence since1859.^ILLIAM B. BENSON, one of the(prominent self-made men of Rutland,was born in Schaghticoke, Rensselaer.New York, November 28, 1808. Hisfather, John Benson, was born in one of theNew England States, and his father, Joel,served as a soldier in the Revolutionary warand spent his last days in Ripley, Chautauquacounty, New York. The father of oursubject removed from his native county toChautauqua county, after learning the tradeof wheelwright. He made the removal in1810, and was one of the early settlers ofRipley. Here he bought a tract of landfrom the Holland Purchase Company, onwhich he built a log house in the wilderness.A part of the time he followed his trade andthe remainder of the time improved his farm.In 18-10 he went to La Porte, Indiana, anddied there the same year. The maiden nameof his wife was Mary Birch, a native of oneof the New England States. Her father,Thomas Birch, was a farmer by occupation,who removed from New York to Indiana andbecame one of the pioneers of Deer Prairie,La Porte county. He secured Governmentland,improved it, and resided there until hisdeath. The mother of our subject died onthe hotno farm in Ripley.Our subject attended the pioneer school ofRipley, taught in a log house, and remainedwith his parents until he reached years ofmaturity. He was reared to farm life andhas always followed agricultural pursuits.Mr. Benson resided in Chautauqua countyuntil 1S4G, when he came to the Territory

.DANE COUNTY,WISCONSIN471of Wisconsin, and was accompanied by biswife and tbree cbiklren. Tbey made tbejourney overlandand were nineteen days ontbe way. Tbey tirst located in Milwaukeecounty. At tbat time tbe country was butsparsely settled and mucb of tbe land wasowned by tbe Government. Altbougb tbeland sold for $1.25 an acre be was too poorto buy it, and so was obliged to rent. In184:8 be moved to Green county and boiigbteigbty acres of Government land, in tbe townof Brooklyn, altbongb tbe land was all unsettledat tbat time.Tbere were no railroadsfor years, and wbeii be was in Walnut bewas obliged to baul bis grain to Racine,thirty miles away. Mr. Benson tirst built alog cabin on bis land in Brooklyn and residedon tbe farm until1885, and durino; tbetime built a set of frame buildings and improvedtbe land.In 1885 be removed to tbetown of Brooklyn, and now lives retired.Mr. Benson married in 1836, November27, Miss Smyrna Pratt, born in Lee, Oneitlacounty. New York, June 1, 1819. Herfatlier, Spencer Pratt, was born in Maine,and was tbe son of Marquis and Polly (Obapman)Pratt. Her fatber was reared and marriedin bis native State and removed fromtbere to Oneida county and became one oftbe pioneers of tbat county. He first bougbttimber land and built the log bouse in wbicbMrs. Benson was born. He was a mason bytrade, and found it more profitable to followhis trade and hire men to work the farm.He j-emoved from Lee to Vienna, samecounty, from tbere to Erie county and tlienceto Ri])ley, where be spent bis last days. Tbemaiden name of bis wife was Polly Tyler,born inMaine, daughter of Daniel and Polly(Chapman) Tyler, tbe former of whom was asoldier in the llevolutionary war.Mr. and Mrs. Benson bave seven livinirchildren, namely: Ezzan, Martha J., Mary,Polly, Jobanna, William S. and Charles.Mr. Benson has been a member of the MethodistEpiscopal Church for forty-seven years,and is a stanch Republican in politics. Mr.and Mrs. Benson have passed tifty-sLx yearsof happy wedded life and now are enjoyingtbeir declining lives surrounded by thecomfortstheir industry bas procured for them.fORNELIUSD. JOHNSON, a prominentresident of Oretron Township, Wiscousin,is the subject of this sketch.He was born in tbe town of Chemung inCbemung county. New York, July 21, 1839.His fatber, Solomon Johnson, was born inW^alton, Delaware county, and bis gi'andfatber,also Solomon, was a native of New\ ork, where he engaged in farming and intbe lumber business. He removed to Pennsylvania,where be carried on tbe lumberbusiness and resided a few years, but finallyreturned to AValton, where be passed his lastdays. The fatber of our subject was rearedin Delaware county, and as bis father haddone, be engaged iiifarming and tbe lumberbusiness, for a time runninfir a saw eneine ina sawmill in Cbemung county.In 184G be came to tbe Territory of Wisconsin,accompaTiied by bis wife and twocbildreu,and tbere bought a tractof land on section31 of what is now Dunn Townsbi|), buildinghere a log house, which was tbe first home oftbe family in Wisconsin. Those were tryingtimes. All tbe grain bad to be hauledby ox team to Milwaukee as there were norailroads. It required great faith to l)elievethat the time would ever come wben life couldbe made easy in those wilds, Imt those wholabored bard lived too see much comfort be-

472 BIOGRAPHICAL RE VIEW OFfore they passed away. Here Mr. Johnsonimproved the farm, erected buildings and residedthere until 1875, when he removed tothe village of Oregon and lived there untilhis death, in August, 1877. On December29, 183G, he was married to Miss PollyBaker, who was born in the town of Cuminington,Massachusetts, March 29, 1816.Iler father, David, as far as known, was anative of the same place. Until 1818 helived there, but thenSidney inwith teams removed toDelaware county, where he boughta tract of timber land, cleared a farm and residedthere until Ids deatli. The maidenname of his wife, the grandmother of oursubject, was Rebecca Hill, and as far as knownshe was born in Massachusetts, but died onthe farm in Delaware county. The parentsof our subject had a family of seven children:Cornelius; Leroy, deceased; Demaris; AmeliaK. deceased; Horace; Frank, deceased; Sheldon,deceased.Our subject was seven years of age whenhe came to AYisconsin with his parents, andremembers the incidents of pioneer lifeAt this time Madisonhere.was but a small place,and the surrounding country was but sparselysettled, a portion of the village of Oregonbeino- included in his uncle's farm. He attendedthe pioneer schools, the first one beingkept in a log house. The seats were madeof slabs with wooden pins for legs, and theyhad no desks. He commenced when youngto assist on the farm, and resided with hisparents until he was twenty-one years of age,but soon after went to learn the trade of carpenter.After marriage he operated his father'sfarm three years and then resumed the tradeof carpenter and has since continued this.December IS, 1867, he married Lucy M.Jones, who was born in Fenner, Madisoncounty. New York, and iier father, SamuelJones, was born in the same town, and hisfather, Baker Jones, was born July 1, 1768;was married March 4, 1790, to Zeporah Baker,who was born April, 1768. They both spenttheir last days on the farm at Fenner. Thefather of Mrs. Johnson was reared and marriedin liis native State. He inherited theold farm and resided there until 1858, whenhe removed toGenesee county. New York,and lived there five years, when he came toDane county, where he lived until about 1874,and then moved to Clay county and bought afarm near Spencer, where he still resides. Themaiden name of the mother ofMrs. Johnsonwas Lucinda Cook, and she was born inFenner,Madison county. New York, a daughterof David and Lucinda Cook, who died in1849. She reared six children: David, Freeman,Arnold, Daniel, Laura andMrs. Johnsonor Lucy.Mr. and Mrs. Johnson haveone daughter,Mabel L., who is a graduate of the OregonHigh School. He is a Prohibitionst and isalso a member of the Village Board.H^ON. ALLEN R. BUSHNELL, now representingthe Third CongressionalDistrictof Wisconsin, wliich includes thecounties of Dane, Iowa, Orant, La Fayetteand Green, was elected two years ago bytheDemocratic party of this district, and is thesecond member of his party so elected since1860, and was the first when the tight wassquarely between two candidates of the twogreat parties. For four years he lield theoffice of United States District Attorney forthe western district of Wisconsin when it wasan appointive office under Cleveland. Alsoour distinguished subject was for one term a

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 473JRepresentative in tlie State Legislature fromtlie Lancaster district of Grant county, Wisconsin,and was also District Attorney fortwo tenns of Grant county, and as this wasin 1860 his talents were recognized while hewas stillquite a young man.Mr. IJushnell resigned the office of DistrictAttorney and enlisted as a private in thearmy, in April, 1861, when the first call wasmade for troops, joining the PlattevilleGuards, which became Company C,SeventhRegiment, Wisconsin Volunteers, ColonelIlobinson and Captain Nesmith coinmandiiio;,but before the company had left the StateMr. Bushnell was elected First Lieutenant.He was assigned to the Army of the Potomac,and their regiment was one of thosefrom the West used to make up what becameknown as the Ircm r)rigade, and was commandedby (Generals Kiifus King and JohnGibbon, and later by Generals Lysander,Cutler, Sol Meredith and Ed S. I>ragg, andin the reo^ular ortranization of the ai'mv itwas made the First Lrigade, First Division ofthe I'^irslArmy corps.Mr. Bushnell was in many active engagementsand after some brave fighting he waspromoted to be Captain of Company C, andwas so identified until he gave out physically.He became disabled at Belle Plain after thebattle of Fredericksburg, and in March, 1863,Mr. Bushnell resigned on a surgeon'scertiticateof disability ami came to Ohio, wlierehe was treated by his father for some time,who was a prominent physician of Hartford.Finally, when recovered, he returned toPlatteville, Grant county, Wisconsin, fromwhich place he had eidisted, and resumed hispractice of law.Li 1864 Ml'. liusluH'U moved t(i Lancaster,Grant county, and there received an appointmentas District Attorney, to till the placeof Judge Mills, who had been elected CircuitJudge. lie resided in Lancaster untilthe spring of 18!J1 and then removed to Madisonand made this city his permanent, as ithad previously been his official residencewhile LTnited StatesAttorney.While in Congress Mr. Ijushnell was amember of the Committees on the Flection ofPiesident and Vice-President, Senators andRepresentatives in Congress, and of PrivateLand Claims.This distinguisiied gentleman was a nativeof ( )hio, bavins been born in Hartford, Trumbullcounty, Jidy 18, 1833, and was the sonof Dr. (-reorge W. and Sally (Bates) Ijushnell.The latter was the daughter of Deacon ElihuBates, and both Mr. and Mrs. Bushnell werenatives of Hartford county, Connecticut.Dr. Bushnell was the son of Daniel Bushnell,who, in turn, was the son of CaptainAlexander Bushnell, who served throti.;h theentii'e Revolutionary war and who had hisson in his company during the latter part ofthe war. The family was founded in thiscountry by one Francis Bushnell, who camefrom England on the good ship. Planter, andfrom him it is supposed most of the l]ushnellsof the United States are now scattered.Tiie family became pioneers from Connecticutin the Western Reserve in Ohio, wherethey became prominent, and where Dr.George Willis Bushnell, the father of oursubject remained all his life. He was anactive practitioner of medicine, born August11, 1800, died August 7, 1892, and was buriedon his ninety-second birthday. Ilis wifehad been born in 1802 and died in 1866.Both were members of the Christian Church.Our subject obtained his education, pursuinga S]>ecial course with a view to the legal profession,at the Hartfoni High School, andthen attended Oberlin College, and then tlie

474 BIOGRAPHICAL BBVIEW OFWestern Reserve Elective Institute, at Iliram,Ohio, and was there wliile President Garfieldwas a tutor. He knew Mr. Gartield welland boarded witli the father of Mrs. Garfield,and was appointed by young Garfieldto act as Chief Justice Marshall in a play,which the latter wrote for the students ofthe college, representing the trial of AaronBurr for treason.After completing his studies Mr. Bushnellcame AVest, in 1852, and taught sciiool thatsame year at the Block Ilouse Branch, nearPlatteville, Grant county, Wisconsin.Afterthis he went back to Ohio, but in 1854 hecame again to Grant county. He read somelaw in Ohio. In Wisconsin he became astudent in the office of Judge Stephen ().Payne, at Plattville, and was admitted to thebar at Lancaster, in the fall of 1857. December1, 1857, lie put out his sign and be- Igati to practice alone. He lias at diti'erenttimes had partners in bis profession and isnow in the firm of Bushnell, Rogers & Hall,at Madison, which was organized early in1891.The first marriage of our subject took placein Lancaster, Wisconsin, to Miss Laura F.Burr, a daughter of Deacon Addison Burr,from Vermont. She was partly reared andeducated in Lancaster, Wisconsin, and diedin their home at Lancaster, in August, 1873,leaving three children, only one of whomsurvives, Mabel, a young lady, at home, agraduate of the State University of Madison.Mr. Bushnell was a second time married toMiss Mary F. Sherman, who was born andreared in Lancaster, Wisconsin, and was thedaughter of Cyrus and Fannie (I'arbei') Sherman,now deceased, but formerly proniinentcitizens of Lancaster.Mr. I'uslinell is a live social man, is amember of Grant Chapter and LancasterLodge, A. Y. & A. M., in which he has filledevery office from High Priest, down. Hebecame a Mason soon after he reached hismajority, at Jerusalem Lodge, No. I'J, ofHartford, Ohio, where Joshua R.Giddings,Governor David Tod and other prominentOhio men were made Masons, and is also amember of Tom Cox's Post, G. A. R., Lancaster,Wisconsin.ORYDEN SARGENT, is a retiredfarmer of Dane county, now residing inBrooklyn, Green county, Wisconsin,and is numbered with the pioneers of 1845.He was born in Chesterfield, New Hampshire,January 27, 1821, being a son of Edwinand Sarah (Stoddard) Sargent, also natives ofChesterfield. Erastus Sargent, grandfathe.of our subject was a great-grandson of DigorySargent, who resided in Sudbury, Massachusetts,in 1C85. (See History of Chesterfield,New Hampshire.)Edwin Sargent, father of our subject, wasborn December 16, 1793, was reared a farmer,married young and was poor. Farmingdid not seem to repay him for the labor e.xpended,and he endeavored to supplement hisincome by working on shoe lasts, and heindustriously kept on until his death in 1871in the State of New Hampshire, all his lifee.xcept a few years he spent in Vermont. Ofhis family of nine children, our subject wasthe third. He was reared on a farm and attendedtlie village academy as his father'smeans and the time at his disposal wouldallow, but there were many mouths to feedand he was obileged to early put his shoulderto the family svheel. At the age of twentyonehe earned enough money to provide

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 475himself with one term of sclioolim'- at Newherry,Vermont.Very lightly equipjied as to tiiiaiices, in1843 our subject started west to tiiid his fortune,going out into the world alone. TheState of Illinois was to be his Mecca, so withhigh hopes he entered tlie old stage whichconveyed him from llrattleboro, Vermont, toTroy, New York, and thence by railroad andcanal to BufFalo, on the lakes to Cleveland,by stage to Beaver on the Ohio river andthen by steamboat to Galena, Illinois.heHeretraveled around looking for something todo and ere long engaged a school near Freeport,Illinois, at ?>13 per month with board.After filling this contract he went to Evansville,Wisconsin, where was located a NewHampshire friend and there engaged to teacha term of school for livemonths at $14, latergoing to Wyota, where his fortunes improvedtwo dollars a month, as here he encaged forten months at $16 per month. Here he enteredforty acres of land and soon after locatedon section 34, built a shanty and lived alone,keeping busy clearing his land.In 1846 hereturned to Vermont and as he had provedthat he could make a comfortable home inthe great west, he married Miss Lucy W.Hutchinson, a native of St. Johnsbury,Vermont,born September 22, 1846, a daughterof William and Azuba (Page) Hutchinson.After marriage the young couple came toWisconsin and settled in the shanty. Atlength he liecame the owner of 220 acres ofland, although when he came tohad but a few cents.this State heLooking over the liroad acres of the farmof our subject, one who understandspioneerlife can well understand the ui-.reinitting laborthat has brought this place to its presentperfection. A short time was spent inteaching, but the most of it on the farm. Heis a Prohibitionist in his |)olitical l)elief,formerly a Republican, and has held the otKceof town superintendent of schools. In hisreligious belief, Mr. Sargent is liberal. Heand his good wife have had four children,these being: William Eilwin, a lawyer ofLos Angeles; Emma J., died in infancy;Grace A., the wife of Daniel Wackman, ofBrooklyn and Charles H., at home.ELS P. JOHNSON, afarmer, residingon section 15, Vienna t(.)wnsliip, DaneI county, Wisconsin, was born in Norwayas, also, were his father, mother and grandfather)in the year 1840. Peter Johnson,the father, and the mother, whose maiiienname was Gertrude Nelson, were both bornin 1813. The grandfather, John Johnson,after living an honest and respected life,died on the old home farm where his ancestorshad lived for several generations. Thewife of this old gentleman Ijore him fivechildren, namely: Eric, James, Peter, Annaand Michael. Eugesether, or Engesather,Bergen Stiff, was the dwelling-place of thisworthy family, andthe posterity of this son,as well as some others, have addedthe nameEngesether to their own. Michael was firstof the family to come to America, in theyear 1845; followed seven years later byPeter, fathei' of our subject, with his wifeand four sons and two daughters, includingNels, at that time twelve years old. Twodaughters have been added to the family ofPeter since the emigration to this country.A small sailing craft of a capacity of Init100 passengers, the Jurgen Brunkost, tookthem on at Bergen, Norway, and it wasnearly forty-two days later when they landed

476 BIOGRAPHICAL ItBVIEW OFin New York. Sixteen days more were consumedin getting to Milwaukee by canal andlake. Eric Johnson met them there (Ericnow bears tiie name of Engesather) andpiloted them to Vieima township. The partyreadied Milwaukee July 5,1852, having buta few hundred dollars in all, which they investedin land upon their arrival here. Thefirst purchase made was 140 acres, with afew smallimprovements, about one-half beingprairie. Heartily they went to workand soon had built a ?mall losj cabin, and inthe good times which followed prosperedgreatly. After living in this cabin sevenyears a nice two-story house was erected,which, with some subsequent additions, isnow the home of the youngest son, NelsJohnson. Later, from time to time, 140acres additional were made to the tract, thusforming a snug farm of 280 acres. Beside,Mr. Johnson bought a farm of 160 acres inant)ther part of the township. Previous tothe getting of the last 140 named, he purchased320 a^Tes in Mitchell county, Iowa.Tiie good mother of this family died inabout the year 1877. aged sixty-four years,and tiiefatiier in 1S86, at the age of seventyfour.Nine children were the fruit of theunion of tliis couple, namely: Anna, wife ofOle Farness; Nels P., the subject of thissketch; John, a farmer inMinnesota; Eric, apracticing attorney of Decorah, Iowa; andNels Johnson, the youngest son, living onthe homestead; Emily, wife of Lars Grinde;Carrie, wife of C. O. Johnson, a farmer ofthe neighborhood; Mellie, wife of AndrewIliisebo, a farmer in Minnesota; and onecliild, who is dead.The subject ofour sketch was married, atthe age of thirty years, to Julia Erickson,daughter of Herman and Susan (Larsen)Erickson, both of Norway, where she wasalso born.Her parentscame over to this country in1854, bringing witli them four daughtersand one son, who was drowned in the lake, attiie age of eleven years, while on the way toMilwaukee. One daughter was born to Mr.and Mrs. Erickson after leaving Norway, butallthe children are dead except Martha, wifeof John L. Eggumm of this county. Theparents of the last named are a venerablecouple, being about eighty-two years ofage, living with the subject of this sketch.Mrs. Erickson is very feeble and both areliable to pass away soon.Mr. Johnson buried his first wife, Julia,in Septemljor, 1887, aged thirty-nine years.She lefthim six children, namely: Gertrude,died December 7, 1878, aged about sevenyears; Lina, born February 2, 1873; Peter,born July 8, 1876; Henry, born November13, 1878; Gilbert, born March 1, 1881; Edward,boi-ii June 8, 1883; all living at home.Our subject was married again in 1888 toRandi Nelson, daughter of Nels Hansen.She was born in Norway and came to thiscountry in 1886. Two children have beenborn of this marriage, namely: Joseph, bornMay 30, 188!); Arthur N., born September5, 1890. All of the children that are oldenough are receiving excellent instruction inthe English branches and in Norwegian.Air. Johnson has a farm of 153 acres andis regarded as one of the most thoroughlyneat and prosperous farmers in the townshij).He has just erected and completed abarn 26 x 106 feet and a lean 78 x 16, affordingample stable room for thirty head of stock.Mr. Jolinson raises corn, oats and tobaccoprincipally, and a vai-iety of stock. Oursubject is a member of the NorwegianLutheran Church. In politics he is a stead-

DANE COUNTY, WISCONijlN. 477fast Republican, and lias been Assessor andSupervisor of the township. Mr. Johnson ishighly respected by all who know hitn.^^ILAS U. riNNEY, one of the Justicesof the Supreme Court of Wisconsin,and one of the foremost citizensof the State, was born in Crawford county,Pennsylvania, March B, 1833, and is the sonof Justin C. and Polly M. (Miller) Pinney.The ancestry of the Pinney family in Americadates back to theearly colonial days, thefirst members having come from Somersetshire,England, in164:2, and settled in Ellington,Connecticut. From that State they removedto Massachusetts, and at P>ecket, inthat State, Justin C. was born. In 1815Aaron Pinney, grandfather of our subject,removed to Crawford county, Pennsylvania,where this son was reared to manhood andmarried Polly M. Miller, the daughter of aprominent clergyman who had settled inCrawford county in 17U2. In 1846 JustinC. Pinney removed his fauiily to Danecounty, Wisconsin, then the frontier of theNorthwest, and located on a tract of lanil inWindsor township, where he followed farmingthe balance of his life. liis death occurredin 1803.Oui- subject wasbut thirteen years of agewhen he came to Wisconsin. I^^e was rearedon the farm, and attended theschools of thevicinity, both public and private, his parentsintending thathe should become a surveyor.However, when sixteen years of age, he beganteaching school in Dane county, and in 1849began reading law. In 1853 he entered thelaw otHce of Messrs. Vilas and Remington,of Madison. ile was admitted to the bar inthe Circuit ami Supreme Courts in3 21854, andin May of the same year formed a partnershipwith Messrs. L. P>. Vilas and SamuelH. Roys, under the firm name of Vilas, Roysand Pinney. This partnership was subse-(juently, in 185G, limited, by the retirementof Judge Vilas, to ^lessrs. Roys and Pinney,who continued together until the death ofMr. Roys inAugust, 1857, when Mr. Pinneywas alone in the practice until Fel)rnary,1858, at which time J C. Gregory formed apartnership with him under the firm name ofGregory & Pinney, and in Octoljor fo^owingChauncy Abbott became a member of theiirm,the style then Miecoming Abbott, (-iregory& Pinney. In 1860 another pai-tner wasadmitted to the firm in the person of JamesM. Flower, who remained in the business fortwo years. h\ 1863 Mr. Abl>ot retired, andin 1879 the partnership of Messrs. Gregoryand Pinney was dissolved. The latter portionof the period Charles IST. Gregory was amember of the firm. Mr. Pinney then practicedalone until 1880, when Mr. A. L. Sanhornbecame his partner, and this partqersliipcontinued until January, 1892, when oursubject became a member of the Supremolionch, he having been elected the previousyear.Judge Pinney has served the people ofl^adison f^nd Dane county in different positionsof ti'ustelectedand responsibility, having beenAlderman and M:iyor of Madison, andto a seat in the State Legislature. He haswritten three volumes of reports, known as" Pinney's Wisconsin," and reported onevolume of the i-egular series of WisconsinReports.Judge Pinney was married on March 3,1856, to Mary M. MuUiken, a native ofFarmersville, Cattaraugus county. New York,the dauirhter of Samuel MuUiken, a nativeof Vermont. One son, Clarence, was born

'I as47S BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFto Judge Pinney and wife, who died at theage ot twenty years, a most promising andinteresting vounu^ man. An adopted daughter.Bessie, also died at the age of twentyoneyears.Mr. Pinuey enjoyed at the har a large andlucrative practice, in which he was quitesuccessful, and argued many ofthe most importantcases in Wisconsin for about twentyyears before he retired from the bar. Casesin the Supreme Court argued by him will befound inWisconsin Reports.eighty consecutive volumes of thelEUPwEND VEERliUSEN, one of theleading farmers ofWestport township,born in Hanover, Germany, in 1821, isthe subject of this sketch.His father, Harm,was also a native of Hanover, where hepursued farming. His wife, mother of subjectwas Gretke Williamson, and they livedand died on their farm in Germany,where they reared seven children, two ofwhom died young, but the remainder grewto mature years. Three of these live came toAmerica, namely: Folkert, who resides onhisfarm in Champaign county, Illinois, andis a wealthy, retired farmer, seventy-fiveyears of age and has five children; our subjectis the ne.xt; and William, the youngest,died in March, 1890, in the city of Madison,when about sixty-eight years of age. He leftthree children, who are wellprovided for byhis estate.Our subject came to Wisconsin in thesummer of 1847 when it was yet a Territory.He embarked at P>remen on a sailing craft ofDenmark, which was a large three- mast vessel,carrying about 350emigrants. The voyageconsumed about six weeks, but the trip wasa safe one and they landed at Quebec. Ashebrought some money with him he was ableto purchase land immediately upon arrivalin Wisconsin and his first farm consisted ofeighty acres, which he bought for §2.50per acre. It is now the site of the Asylumbarn. On this land he built a large, hewnlos house, as no lumber could be obtained.Within three years of his arrival in AVisconsinhe married Barbara Schantz. native ofSwitzerland, daughter of John and Barbara(Miller) Schantz, who came to the Territoryin 1846. having sailed from Havre. France,to ^ew York, and although the trip was a longone it was enjoyable from its novelty. Theysettled in Bloomiuij Grove, where they accumulatedabout 200 acres of laud and diedthere, aged seventy aud eighty years, respectively.They had two daughters and one son,and these children have increased the 200acres to 350.Our subject bought his eighty acres in 1851.The coimtry was a wilderness, although notswampy. There were no roads here at thattime. Later he sold his eighty acres for $4U0and then bought his present land for #3 50per acre. On this land he soon built a goodlog house, one story high, with a sleeping loftabove and soon after opened a tavern, where liedid a flourishing business, having oftentimesmany as twenty to thirty for meals andlodging, but his prices were very low. Intime he discovered a good stone quarry onhis land, which he operated extensively beforethe asylum was started.The Governor of theState, Mr. Farewell, came with a committeeand selected the stone.Our subject is a good mechanic, althoughhe never served an apprenticeship, and laidportion of the wall of his present house, iq1854 and his stone barn in 1855. He addedfifty acres to his original eighty acres ^nda

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 479now owns 130 acres. lie (lid an extensivebusiness in tavern keeping until isfil, whenhe retired from that business. Eicrhty acresof his land are under cultivation, buthe hasdone more in wood and land specuhition,buyincr timber land, marketing the wood andselling the land,(^ver 800 acres have passedthrough his hands. He was Justice of thePeace from 1860 to 187G and served asSupervisor one term and as School Trusteefor over twenty.During the war our subjectvoted the Republican ticket, Init of late is aDemocrat. On his farm he carries ongeneral farming and is very successful in it,as in all his other enterprises.Our subject and his wife are meinbers ofthe Lutlieran Church. Of their nine children,only one is dead, Henry, who passed away,in 1885, when about twenty-seven years ofage, leaving a widow and two sons and onedaughter, who reside on their farm in Burke,Dane county. His wife was a Miss Vahlen.The eight living children of our subject areas follows:Mary, wife of Herman Schmeltzkopf,ofMadison, three sons and one daughter;Sarah, wife of Ernest Darling, a railroademploye of North Freedom, "Wisconsin;Nellie A., wife of Edwin Eales, County Clerkof Potter county. South Dakota, and speculatesin lands; Ben Hardus, resident of a Chicagosuburb, where he engages in merchandising;Lilly, at home; AVilliam, at home, a youngman; Lulu and John, also at home.fACOBG. PATTERSON, a farmer ofDane county, was born in New Hampshire,February 22, 1830, a son of AaronPatterson, who was born in the same State in1803. He married Catherine Grapes, a nativeof Maine, and they had two sons and onedaugliter: Jaeol), our subject; Edward, a farmeri)i Colel)ro(jk, New Hampsiiire; .lane,wife of Albert Lovering, a farmer of WestPoint, Wisconsin. The mothcir died in NewHampshire in1852, at the age of forty-sevenyears, and the father died in 1859.Jacob G. Patterson, tlie sulijiict of thissketch, was reared to farm life, and at theatreof twenty-one years became a stage coach driver.He soon afterward ran a line of his ownfrom Stratford, New Hampshire, toCanaan,Vermont, which lie continued ten years. In1857 he came to Lodi, Wisconsin, with theview of engaging in tiierailroad business, butafter reaching that city concluded to farm onrented land.In 1860 he purchased 120 acresof his present farm, which then contained asmall frame slianty, 12x14 feet, where theylived three years. They had then a cashcapital of $2,000, and paid §40 per acre forthe land. In 1863 Mr. Patterson erected agood frame house, 16 x 24 feet, with an L, 14X 18 feet, and one and a half stories high.has added toHehis original purchase from timeto time, until he now owns 625 acres in onebody, where lie is engaged in general farmingand stock raising, making a specialty inthe raising of tine horses and Durham cattle.He keeps an average of seventy head of cattleand fourteen horses, in which he is assistedby his youngest son. In his politicalviews he is a stanch Democrat, and socially,has been a member of the Masonic fraternityfor many years.In April, 1852, Mr. Patterson marriedSarah Gamsby, a native of Stratford, NewHampshire, and a daughter of Victory andAlmira (Schoff) Gamsby, also of that State.Her father was killed by a falling tree in1850, in his fiftieth year, and his widow isstill living, aged eighty-seven years. Mr.and Mrs. Patterson burie

480 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFNew Hampshire. They have four livingchildren: Horace L., a ranchman of Portland,Ore

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSFN. 481burn Post, G. A. II., No. 11. In politics heis a good Republican, and takes an interestin local matters. Socially, he is connectedwitlithe Master Masons.Mr. Mills has been a most capable passengerengineer on what is known as the East End,or Kockford division of the Chicafro, Milwaukee& St. Paul railroad. During thepast thirty years of faithful service he haslost only about two months, an

483 BIOGRAPUIGAL REVIEW OFject; Theodore J., twenty' years of age and ayoung lawyer of great promise; and HenryG., aged seventeen years, and a farmer andstudent. Mr. and Mrs. Jenks have two children:Roy W., born June 10, 1885; and Eva,aged one and one-half years.In his politicalviews Mr. Jenks is a Prohibitionist, and religiously,both he and his wife are membersof the Methodist Church.->'^:^i^;it5

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 483raising of tobacco. In 1889 be came toStougiitoii, an

484 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFest citizens of this part of Wisconsin thatstill living.Mr. liaker came to the Territory of Wisconsinten years before it was admitted intothe Union and has seen all the differentchanges in the State where he has lived.There is no doubt hut he greatly aided inthe upbuilding of his portion of the Stateand in making it one of the best educationalcommunities in the West. In 1876 hecame to the capital city to give his childrenthe advantage of the superior educationalprivileges offered there.Our subject was married in Racine coujity,to Miss Elizabeth Dale, born in Cornwallcounty, England, not many miles from Land'sEnd, England, in 1825. She is the daughterof Edward and I'eggy (Harry) Dale. Theentire family came to the United States in1842, and settled on a farm in Racine county,Wisconsin, when the county was new and unbroken,and here the father andismother improveda fine farm, where they lived untiltheir death, which occurred when both ofthem were very old. Tlie family was notedfor its strength and longevity, and everymember of tliis family ivas a good andworthy citizen. Mrs. Baker has a brotherand sister still living and has lost three brothersand a sister, all of whom lived to begrown.The children born to our subject and hiswife are as follows: Edward Dale Haker, afarmer of Dane county, was educated atPlatteville, Wisconsin, and married LydiaEllsworth, of Iowa county, Wisconsin; .JohnTurner, of Merrill, Wisconsin, married MaryVanderbee; Elizal)8th, wife of John Osborne,a business man of Scranton City, Iowa; Anna,formerly a teacher, was educated at I'lattcville,is tlie wife of Albert Watkins, ex-Postmaster of Lincoln, Nebraska, where heresides and is now an Attorney of the city,havins sradnated from the Wisconsin StateUniversity; Joseph Ugiow, a farmer inThayer county, Nebraska, and is married toMary Rolling, of Wisconsin; Nicholas Dale,a commercial traveler, with headquarters atOmaha, for an agricultural implement house,of Chicago, was educated in the law departmentof the Wisconsin State University; OsmonC, a graduate of the Wisconsin StateUniversity, and now in a bank in Lincoln,Nebraska, still single; Alma, educated at theState University, wife of Rev. Samuel W.Trousdale, Ph. D., pastorof First MethodistEpiscopal Church of Eau Claire, Wisconsin, isa graduate of Wisconsin State University; andClara D., graduate of Wisconsin State University,formerly a school teacher, is now the wifeofWilliam Flett, a resident of Merrill, Wisconsin,where he is an attorney, who is also agraduate of theWisconsin State University;Carrie, an ancient classical graduate of theState University of Wisconsin, a teacher ofthe Madison High School; Lillian Dale, a*graduate of the same course as Carrie, a formerteacher at Lake Geneva and e.x-wardprincipal of Madison City.Five of the childrenhave graduated from the State Universityof Wisconsin.Mr. Baker is a local preacher, a Trusteeand Class Leader in the Methodist Church,which position he has held for years,both inMadison and Iowa county. His wife andmost of his children areactive members andworkers in the same church. Mr. Baker isa prominent Democrat, as are his sons, and hehas held various local offices inIowa county.In spite of his age Mr. Baker is very activeand is engaged in church work to an extensivedeeree. Few men have done as muchgood as this gentleman has in a private way,

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 485and none are more worthy and deserving ofpraise than the Kev. John IJaker, tlie esteemedsubject of this brief sketch.fOHNG. MUELLER, a brewer of Pleasant]5ranch, Dane county, Wisconsin,^Ki was born in Racine, tliis State, July 4,1860, a son of John C. and Paulina (Bauer)Mueller. The father, a blacksmith by trade,followed that occupation in his native countryuntil coming to vVmerica in 1854. Hethen worked two years at his ti-ade in NewYork, and next was employed twenty- threeyears by J. I. Case & Co., of Racine, Wisconsin.Mr. Mueller was principally rearedby an aunt, landed in thiscountry without adollar, and is now living a retired life inRacine. In his political views he affiliateswith the Democratic party.The mother ofour subject was born in Ranis, Germany.The parents reared a family of four children,viz.: John G., our subject; Louisa, who wasmarried June 7, 1883, to August Brunkow,a partner of John in the brewery, and theyhave one child; W^illiam, at home; andCharles, also at home.John G. Mueller remained at home untilthirteen years of age, and for the followinglive years was employed as a painter by J.Case & Co., of Racine, Wisconsin. At theage of nineteen years he went to Weyauwega,Wisconsin, where he I'jarned the cabinetmakers'trade, and three yearsLlater returnedto Racine. He was then employed at histrade there until 1884, andin that year purchasedthe brewery he now owns, alsoerectinghis fine residence the same year. Mr.Mueller was married May 25, 1886, to MissJohanna Morstenberg, who was born inSpringtield, Dane county, Wisconsin, April18, 1861, a daughter of Henry and Louisa(Millei-) Worstenberg, natives of Wurtemburg,Germany. The parents came to Americain 1856, locating in Dane county, Wisconsin,where the father died at the age offifty-seven years. The mother still resideson the old home farm in this county. Theywere the parents of ten children, three nowliving, namely:John, at home; Rickey, married,and has three children; and Johaima,wife of our subject.Mr. and Mrs. Morstenbergwere among the earliest German pioneersof this county, where they lived manyyears in a log house with no floor, and an oldfashionedchest, which they brought fromGermany, served as a table. Our subject andwife have one son, George J., born September11, 1888. Politically Mr. Mueller afliliateswith the Democratic party, and his flrstpresidential vote was cast for Grover Cleveland.Socially he is a tnember of the L O.(). P., No. 158, of Middleton, and also ofthe German Maennerchor of tiie same place.Religiously both he and his wife are membersof theLutheran Church.j^EN^. PETER J. JONES, of Mazo Manie,^k Dane county, Wisconsin, was born in"^^ Ozaukee county, Wisconsin, January27, 1861, a son of Peter and Margaret(Sumacher) Jones, the former a native ofLiege, P>elgium, and the latter of Luxemburg,same country. Roth came to Americain childhood. The father was well educated,for the past thirty years has been engaged inteaching, and now resides at Holy Ci'oss,Ozaukee county, Wisconsin.Peter J., the second of six children, threeof each sex, flrst attended school at Mt. Calvary,Fond iluLac county, Wisconsin, where

486 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFhe spent five years. He then spent threeyears in the medical department of the Universityof Montreal, Canada, then enteredthe St.PVancis Ecclesiastical College, graduatingthere in June, 1885, and was thengiven a charge at Eagle, Waukesha county,Wisconsin. One and a half years afterwardMr. Jones came to Mazo Manie, where hehas since remained.He found only a feeble,old frame church, and after laboring assiduously,a noble structure of worship wasbegun in 1890. This was completed in 1891,at a cost of $18,000, and is a monument tothe energy and perseverance of our subject.The congregation now numbers ninety-twofamilies, principally Irish. Rev. Jones alsoorganized a school in this city, which is nowunder the charge of the Dominican Sisters.Three teachers are employed in this school,besides a professor of music, and our subject,who teaches German and constitutional law.In addition to his Mazo Manie church, healso has a charge at Blue Mound, consistingof seventy families, and one at Mill Creek,Iowa county, of forty-five families. Rev.Jones is a hard-working man, and has donemuch for his cause and people.ilELS J. ELLESTAD, a member of theTown Board of Blooming Grove, wasL liorn in Norway, August 9, 1841. Hisfather, John N. Ellestad, was born in thesame country, in 1805. He learned the tradeof shoemaker, and followed that calling inhis native land until 1848, then catne toAmerica, sailing from Bergen, May 17, 1^ 1~^.accompanied by his family, consisting ofwife and four children. The little partylanded at New York, July 4 following, andcame directly to Dane county, settling inBlooming Grove, where the father purchaseda tract of land in section 23. A greaterportion of the land was timber, and all wasuncultivated. On this land Mr. Ellestadbuilt a log house, and immediately commencedto improve his property. He continnedto reside on this land untilhis death,which occurred November 11, 1891. Themother of our subject is still living. Shereared ten children, nine of whom are stillliving, and three of these nine are in BloomingGrove. The other six have chosen Iowaresidence.Our subject was seven years of age whenas a place ofhis parents emigrated to America, so he remembersthe incidents of the ocean journey.After arrival the family made their wayacross the country to Wisconsin, via thecanal from Albany to Buffalo, thence vialakes to ililwaukee, when the remainder ofthe journey was made with ox teams. Thecountry was sparsely settled, and deer andother kinds of wild game were plentiful.All the grain had to be hauled to Milwaukeewith o.\ teams. The parents of our subjectwere in very limited circumstances, so becommenced at once to assist his father on thefarm, and made the best of the opportunitiesoffered him to secure an education in thepioneer schools. Those early days of industrywere of incalculable benefit to him, asthey inculcated habits of usefulness and frugalitythat have never been forgotten. Hehas always followed his calling of farmer, andis now the successful owner of 214 acres ofland on sections 23, 2G and 27.In 1862 our subject married Annie Nelson,born in Norway, daughter of Tolef Nelson.Mr. and Mrs. Ellestad have eleven children,namely: Julia, Mary, Annie, John,Tolef, Niels, Peter, Martin, Willie, Albertand Emma, (^nr subject and his family are

DANE COUNTY, WISGONISIN. 4S7members of the Lutheran Church. In politics he is a Democrat, and has served as TownTreasurer and member of the Town Boardfor several years. He is also a member oftlie Cottage Grove Insurance Company. Mr.EUestad and family are highly respectedthroughout the entire community.IALTER MOODY DICK, a popularresident ofDunn township, Wiaconb^sjl^sin, a gentleman who made the firstpiece of tapestry velvet carpet in the UnitedStates, is the subject of thissketch.Mr. Dick was liorn in Glasgow, Scotland,February IB, 1815.His father, Andrew, wasborn in the same city and his grandfather,William, was also a Scotchman. He was atanner aiul shoemaker and conducted thesevarious branches of business in Glascrow,where he prol>ably spent his last years.Thefather of our subject learned tlie business ofshoemaker and carried on the business inGlasgow for some years, and died there whenour subject was but an infant. The maidenname of the mother of our subject was ElizabethJennings, of Scottish birth. Her father,William Jennings kept a public house in thesouth of Scotland, where he spent his entirelife. The mother of our subject removed tothe vicinity of Baunockburn soon after herhusband's death and spent the remainder ofher days there. She had but two children,Walter Moody and Ellen, the former oursubject and the latter married John Williamsonand now resides in the town of Dunn, almostninety years of age.Our subject was reared near I^annockburnand there learned the trade of carpet weaver,which he followed until 1846. At that timehe and his wife came to America, leavingGlasgow the last of March, on the sailingvessel, Saracen, and landing in New York,after a voyage of six weeks. From there hewent to Middletown, Connecticut,remaininguntil fall, then to Newark, New Jersey, wherehe wished to start a tapestry velvet factory,the first institution in this country. Therehe made the firstmade in the United States, and carried on thefactory there for eighteen months, and thenmoved the factory to Troy, New York, wherepiece of ta])estry velvet everhe operated it until the fall of 1849, when heremoved to Wisconsin via railroad to Buffalo,by lake to Milwaukee and thence by team toDane county. At that time the country wassparsely settled, but little itnproved anddroves of wild animals roamed at will. Beforecoming here he bought the land whichis now included in his present farm and forthis he paid §3 an acre. He had hired a manto build a log house for him, but it was notcompleted when they arrived so they took uptheir (quarters atthe Lake View tavern untiltheir house could be finished. They havebeen residents of this place, continuously eversince. He has erected a frame addition tohis house, planted fruit, shade trees and otherwiseitnproved it.Mr. Dick was married March 9, 1840, toMiss Helen Inglis, born in East Lothian,Haddingtonshire, Scotland, daughter of Ale.xanderInglis Gardner and Isabella (Peffers)Inirlis.Mr. and Mrs. Dick have reared ninechildren, namely: Walter M., Alexander, IsabellRobinson, Elizabeth Van Etten, Helen,Mary E. Howe, William S., Edward J., andRandall C. Mr. and Mrs. Dick were rearedin the Presbyterian Church and have alwaysheld to that faith. Politically he is a Democratand cast his first presidential vote forFranklin Pierce.

488 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OF^BRAHAM MURPHY, a prominentcitizen of Rock county, was born inHarmony township, Rock county, Wisconsin,January 30, 1844. His fatlier, alsoAbraham, was born in Chestnut Hill, Monroecounty, Pennsylvania, May 3, 1811, and hisfather, George, was probably a native of Germanyand very young when he came toAmerica.There was an epidemic on the ship,of which his parents died and he was rearedin a family named Gower, who livedin Pennsylvania.There he lived and married andalways engaged in farming, carried on afarm in Chestnut Hill township, where hedied. The maiden name of his wife was MaryAnn Arnold, and she spent her whole life inPennsylvania. Her father, great-grandfatiier,John Arnold, was an extensive farmer inMonroe county. The father of our subjectlearned the trade of carpenter, joiner andcabinet-maker. During the winter he workedat the caliinet-maker trade and during tliesummer at the carpenter trade, until 1842,when he emigrated to Wisconsin with hiswife and four children. He hired a manwith a team, made an overland journey andwas six weeks on the way. At that timeChicacro was a very small place and Hlinoisand Wisconsin were very sparsely settled.He located in Rock county, resided there until1844, and then went to Dane county andwas one of the first settlers of Fitchburg. Atthat time much of the land was owned by theGovernment and deer and game wereplentifuland bears would come to tlie homes of thesettlers and get the pigs. He bought a squatter'sclaim to a tract of Government land onsection 24, and there was a log house severalBheds and ten acres of broken land and he setabout improving his land. There were norailroads through here and he had to haul lii.sgrain to Milwaukee. He resided here untilhis death in 1870, aged sixty years.The maiden name of the mother of oursubject was Nancy Slutter, born in Hamiltontownship, Monroe county, Pennsylvania, January13, 1809. Her father was George Slutterof German ancestry, and died iu Hamiltontownship, and the name of the grandmotherof his wife was Elizabeth Kanouse. Themother of our subject is living and makesher home with him. She reared eight children,namely: Mary, Hannah, Susannah,George, Al)rahara, Sophia, Emeline andHelen. Our subject was an infant when hisparents came to Dane county. He attendedthe district schools, assisted on the farm andhas always resided on the home place. Hehas 140 acres under improvement.Mr. Murphy was married in 1874, to MissFrances A. Tipple, born in Dunn, Dane countyWisconsin, September 28, 1852, adaughterof John and Emma Tipple. (See sketch ofMrs. Emma Tipple.) Mr. and Mrs. Murphyhave three children, namely: Ralph J., RuthE., and Retta M. Mr. and Mrs. Murphy aremembers of the Methodist Episcopal Churchand Mr. Murphy is a Republican. The familyname was formerly spelled ilorfa, but forsome reason was changed to Murphy in thiscountry.ILLIAM M. RASDALL, one of the(lid and well-known business men ofMadison, for the past live years re.tired from active business cares, came to thiscity in the spring of 1842, soon after enteringinto the livery and teaming business inpartnership with his brother Abel Rasdall,one of the earliest pioneers of Wisconsin.The latter was an Indian trader and frontiers-

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 489man, and passed throiii^h many excitinp; anddangerous adventures. He started the firstmilling business in the State, located onToken creek, ten miles from Madison, inDane county. While thus engaged in 1855,he was accidentally caught in the gearing ofhis mill and instantly killed. He was thenin the prime of his life, and his loss wasmourned by all who knew him. lie ha

4 90 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFcabin in which our subject was born.Pie im]»roved the farm and lived there until1859, when lie sold his land and came toWisconsin, settled in Dane couutj, and thereresided until his death. The maiden nameof his wife was Elizabeth Nave, of Germanancestry, a native of Kentucky. She survivedher husband a few years, and died atthe home ofher son, our subject.Washington Woodard was reared andeducated in his native county. For someyears after the settlement of our subject'sparents in Shelby county there were no railroads,and the farmers were obliged to markettheir produce at Lawreneeburg, on theOhio river, and drove their cattle and hogs toCincinnati, 125 miles distant. Our subjectattended the pioneer schools, taught in thelog schoolhouse. The furniture was of themost primitive description, seals made of logssplit in two, with wooden pins for legs.Therewere no backs to the seats, and no desks infront. What little heat there was in thebuilding was received from a large fireplaceat one end.Washington was reared to habitsof industry, commencing when very youngto assist his father on the farm. At thisdate farm work was much more difficultat the present, when the farmer has allofthankindsmodern machinery to aid him in cultivatingthe soil. In those days all grass was cutwitli a scythe, and all grain with a sickle.When the cradle first came into use it wasconsidered a great invention. Instead ofthe present threshing machine grain waspounded out with a tlail.Our subject resided with his parents untilcoming to Wisconsin, in 1853. He had beena resident of Dane county continuously sincethat time. His means were very limited atthe time of his arrival in this State, but he60on bought 160 acres of land, the ])rice ofwhich was S700. This farm was located inWindsor, and he im])roved the land and residedon it a few years and then removed tothe town of Burke, where hebought a farmof 200 acres, on section 11, which he occupieduntil 1880, when he bought the farm henow resides upon, located on section 22 ofthe same township. This is one of the finestand best improved farms in the entire county.He has been very successful as an agriculturistand now is the proprietor of 400 acresofland.When twenty-eight years of age he wasmarried to Mary E. Damon, born in Ohio,daughter of Mr. and Mrs. George Damon.Mr. and Mrs. Woodard have three children,namely: George W., William and Edward.Mr. Woodard and wife are members of theMeihodist Church, which they joined aftermarriage, and to which faith theyever since.fOUNhave heldFROGGATT, one of the successfulfarmers of Springfield township, was bornin Derbyshire, England, in 1828. Hisfather was W. F., a laboring man, who diedinthe same place of our subject's birth, about1884, aged eighty-one. lie left seven children,having married Ann Ilobison, who diedwhen in her thirty-sixth year, when our subjectwas eight years old. He went to livewith his i;ran(l father Froggatt. The name ofthis grandfather was Robert and the maidenname of the grandmother had been MaryKitchen. They reared a family of five sonsand one daughter, all of whom lived toadult years. These grandparents lived to beaged. The grandfather died some time in theseventies and the grandmother near the sametime, and they with the parents of our sub-

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 491ject are resting in the old Balbarrow cemetery.The subject of this sketcli left his nativeland in the spring of 1849. He set out fromLiverpool, in February, on the three-mastedsailer, the Mary Florence. They werewrecked in the Irisli Channel, about eightymiles out, having collided with anothervessel, or rather they were run into by thisvessel and the Mary Florence was so disabledthat she had to put back to port and go onthe dry dock at Liverpool. The other craftwas also seriously damaged and the captainOur snl)ject againwas held responsible for it.set sail, March 3, and after a voyage of onemonth landed in New York, April 3.Our subject marri Miss Mary Gill, daughterof William and Hannah (Archer) (tIII.Mr. GUI was a manufacturer of farmingimplements. Mrs. Froggatt is one of si.xchildren, and her parents died in Derbyshire,aged about sixty years, leaving very littleproperty.Mr. and Mrs. Froggatt started totiie new world, hoping to earn a living andmake a competency. He had no schoolingwhatever, and, as lie says, grew up in ignorance,and his good wife was but a littlebetteroff. In later years he learned to read and writea little. They had $60 left when they madetlieir first stand in New York, locating atBoston, Erie county, where they rented afarm of 120 acres, with but forty acres ofplowed land and some pasturage. Theyworked this land for one halffurnished teams and tools.and the ownerThis was a betteroffer than was generally given, but the landownersaid that his land was not very goodand that he wanted to give this young farmera chance. His name was William Warren,an American. He proved a good and kindfriend to Mr. Froggatt, and the hitter holdshis momory as dear as that of any bloodrelative. Mr. Warren made Mr. Froggattvalualile presents when they cauiC to Wisconsin,in 1851, and told them that if theyneeded aid they should have it at any time,and even offered to furnish him a team othorses for which he could pay when he wasable. Our subject had saved §100 a year forthe three seasons and landed in Milwaukeewith household goods and $250. They cameright to this townsliip and for one year theyrented land and then bought their firstfortyacres for $130. This was new land, which hadno improvements upon it except a tew rails.Durino- the iirst year, our subject built a logcabin, 12 x 14 feet, of rough logs, and thiswas their abode for two years, when theybuilt a small frame house, 14 x 20 feet, attheir present home, on forty acres of schoolland, which our subject bought at l>'3.50 anacre, and from time to time since has addedland, until he now owns 520 acres, allin oneconnected body. Of this, 400 acres is good,tillable land, worth from $45 to §50 an acre.He has always done mixed farming, raisingthe principal crops of this section, excepttobacco and hops. He keeps as many as ahundred horned cattle and thirty horsus, alsofrom two to five colts of the all-work breed,mostly Clydesdale, and raises Durham cattle,Mr Froo-o-att turns off" from 100 to 125 hogs.Six children of the family have been takenaway, live of them in infancy, and the lastone died at the age of lifteen, of inHammatoryrheumatism. She was very bright in intellectand attractive in person. She was mournedwho knew her and her loss was a greatby allblow to her family, especially to her mother.The living children are: Walter G., who wasthe second child and who was born in theloo- cabin; James H. married Mary Lapleyand has one little daughter, the bright pet ofthe household. They have been running the

—493 BIOORAPBICAL REVIEW OFfarin iti company with the next brotlier.Wesley E. is the yuungest son born in thisbouse, in 1870. Mr. and Mrs. Froggatt havegi%'en all their children good school ads'antages,realizing how nnich they lost in beingdeprived of them. The boys all prefer afanner's life, except AVesley E., who hasattended the bchools of Middleton andMadison, and has a desire for the medicalprofession, to which hethinks he is adapted,and proposes to take a conrse at Rush MedicalCollege, at Ciiicago.This honoredand respected old couple arejustly proud of their ciiildreii, who havegrown up with pure habits and morals andindustrious ways. They have a home inMadison, where they reside when not ontheold farm. They joined the Methodist EpiscopalChurch when young in England, andhave been faithful and active workers in thatconnection for many years, Mr. Froggatthaving been a (^lass-Leader for over thirtyfive years. He has always been one of theloyal Republicans of this county, until 1887,when he espoused the temperance cause.Heand his wife enjoy a fair amount of goodhealth, for their age, considering how toilsomesome of their years have been. Tiiepast two and one half years have been passedin Madison, inthe enjoyment of a well-earnedrest, where it may be hoped that"The years in their rollingMay whisper consoling,Until life's journey has ended,When they shall calmly and sweetlyGo up to their rest in heaven."[UNDER G. MANDT, editorand pub.lisher of the Dane County Sun, at Mountlioreb, was born in Pleasant Springst

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 493tlien the Star at Daleyville. June 16, 1888,Mr. Mandt was burned out, leaving Iiini witlinothino; hut a slight insurance. He thenestablished his present paper in Mount Iloreb,and is also engaged in the real-estate business.In his political relations he is independent.Mr. Mandt was marriedJuly 31, 1888, toAndalena Arneson, a native of Ridgeway,Iowa county, Wisconsin. They have twochildren, Lenore and Amy, l)oth at home.Our subject is an intelligent and'congenialgentleman.His knowledge of both Englishand Norwegian languages gives him afieldof usefulness, which is filled with ability, andto the advantage of the people among whomhis influence extends.In addition to his twopapers, printed in both languages, he alsoedits and prints various papers for personsthroughout the country.iR. GEORGE P. KINGSLEY, a successfulclairvoyant physician, has beenengaged in business in the city of Madison,Wisconsin, for seven years.Onr subject was born in Cass county,in his native State until heMichigan, more than fifty years ago, and livedcame to Wisconsin.Dr. Kingsley came of New Englandparentage, his father and mother having beenborn in Massachusetts, where thpy werereared and married, coniing inthe early thirtiesto Cass county, Michigan. When thefamily came to Cass county the country wasvery wild, and Indiivns and wild game occupiedthe land.After some twenty years' residencein Cass county, in 1854, the entii-efamily moved to Dane county, Wisconsin,and settled on a farm in Springfield township,Dane county, which is still in the pos-33session of our subject. In 1852 the fatherof Dr. Kingsley crossed the plains to California,but returnedin a year, and the followingyear saw the removal toWisconsin as alreadynoted. In 1878 the father was takento Florida by his son, the Doctor, in .the endeavor to prolong his life, but the attemptwas useless, and he died there, February 20,1878, aged seventy-two years. His wifefollowed him five years later, dying in Danecounty, aged seventy years. Her maidenname was Harriet Priscilla Burke. Mr. andMrs. Kingsley were members of theUniversalistChurch for many years, but died in thefull faith of the spirit life in man.Our subject was reared on a farm, and receivedthere the training that gave him hissuperb physical constitution, which is theenvy and admiration of all who see him. Headvocates a more general physical training ofthe boys and girls of the present century,claiming that if they received a properamount of exercise there would l)e fewer invalids,and tiie death rate would be muchsmaller. If Dr. Kingsley is a specimen ofwhat physical exercise will do, then he is entirelycorrect in his views and will meet withplenty of support. He claims that physicalexercise shorJd be introduced into theschools.Dr. Kingsley became interested in clairvoyancyin connection with his profession.and now is one of its firmest believers. Peopleswarm to his pleasant office at No. 518State street, to seek his advice and aid, andhe is always able to assist those who call onhim for relief. The Doctor gave some attentionto his farm in connection with his jiracticewhile at Springfield, where he left a recordthat may well be envied by any one inthe profession, for his skill, both as a physicianand a clairvoyant.His magnetic power

494 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFis very great, and )ie uses it to alleviate thepHiiiand distress of others.Dr. Kingsley was married inDane county,Wisconsin, to Sarah J. Towue, who was bornillIllinois and came to Dane cpunty, Wisconsin,with her parents when four years ofage.She was educated at the State University, atMadison, and is a smart intellectual lady,who has borne her husband two children,namely: Sarah L., wife of 11. J. Parke, residentof Lodi, Wisconsin, and George A., athome, a student in the universit}'.The Doctor is the owner of a nice homeand office in Madison, and other valuableproperty in Springfield, his former home.His practice is constantly increasing, and heis regarded as very successful. Few menhave the power of making friends and retaining them as has this gentleman, to whose lifewe have called the attention of the reader inthisbrief notice.[AMUEL MUZZY, a member of one ofthe best known and most prominentfamilies in Medina tort-nship is the imrmediate subject of this sketch. Tlu; familyisan interesting one and the biographer willto the best of his ability place their recordsupon this page for the interested readers ofthis volume.The family seems to have been of NewEngland birth, the grandfather of Samuelhaving been born in the State of Massachusetts,where he lived and died. The father.Sardine Muzzy, was born inLeicester, Worcestercounty, Massachusetts, August 10,1806, was brought up on a farm, attended thecommon schools and remained at home untilhis seventeenth year, when he went to theState of Ohio, where he learnedthe trade ofcarpenter, working at it in Medina county,and from that county came the name of Mediiuvtownship, the present home ofthe family.Alternating between work at his tradeand upon the farm, Mr. Muzzy remainedthere until1843. when he removed to Illinois,where he spent one summer in work on afarm inLake county.The marriage of Mr. Muzzy was celebratedMarch 26, 1827, with Miss Elorsey CarolineLunn, who was born in Connecticut, inHartford, in 1808, and whose parents hadpassed away, the fatlier in Michigan, and themother in Ohio. The family of Mr. Muzzygrew up in Illinois around him, until 1844,when he decided to remove farther westwhere land was stillfor purchase in desirablelocalities. Hence, the family consisting ofthirteen members traveled by o.\ teams bringinu;with them their household goods determiningto locate in Wisconsin. They startedOctober 22, and arrived at their destinationafter about two weeks, coming directly tosections 10 and 11, where the widow of Mr.Muzzy now resides. She is one of the oldestsettlei-s in this township or vicinity.Mr. Muzzy first obtained eighty acres ofGovernment land and later fort\- more, subsecjuentlypre-empting another forty, for allof vvhioh he paid ten shillings per acre. Hehad some difficulty in getting a title to theland he had pre-emptetl, but finally he hadhis farm of 160 acres, to whicli ho added fiveacres of timber land. The purchase of theland absorbed what money he had and thefamily moved into the house with a Mr. Sifert,near ^[arshall. All the members of thefamily were large enough to work and theywent to building a log house on the landwhich he had bought. The dimensions ofthe house were 16 .x 20 and when it ap-

DANE COUNTY, WISCONtilN. 495proaclied completion all iiiuved in and beganpioneer lite iu earnest.The country was sparsely settled, and theyhad no near neighbors nor any conveniences.Fall was coming on now and Imt little farmwork could be accomplished, but they beganimprovement as soon as possible. Whenspi'ing opened, Mr. Muzzy put in a crop, consistingof corn, buckwheat and potatoes onthe land of Henry Clark, and broke some ofhis own ground. There was no danger ofstarvation, fur ganie was abundant and venisonwas the principal meat, and they taughtthemselves to do without groceries as theycould not be obtained. As time went onand they succeeded in having produce to sellthey had to travel sixty-tive miles by ox teamsto Milwaukee to find a market, selling wheatas low as thirty cents per bushel.finally established a home inWisconsin.Thus theythe Territory ofMr. Muzzy continued to improve the ])lace,planting trees and fencing with rails, livingon in the h")g house, which is still standingand has always been used as a residence bySome one. In 1855 the family Iniilt a morecommodious home, and wliich is now occupiedby Mrs. Muzzy and her sons.Thus, byhard work, industry and economy, they improvedtlieir condition; other settlers camein, the country rapidly was opened up, andis now one of the best cultivated sections inthe State. Tliere were eleven children bornin this family, as follows: Elizabeth, marriedAsa Dewey, and tliey now reside in Medinatownship and they have had four children:Adalbert, Sarah Jane, Amy, and Juliett.Elorsey, niarrieil George Giles and is livingin Ilurke, Iowa; they have three children:Lucy, Addison, and ('lara; Sheldon, marrie(lHarriet Dent, and ha\e two children, Ninaand Frardvie. He is a carpenter in Milwaukee;Austin L. Muzzy, niurried three times,and he had ten children: Henry, Mary, Maria,Austin, Amy Jane, Delbert, James, Minnie,Kitty, and Edwin, eight of whom arestill living at different places; Paulina, marriedWillard Cole, and they had seven children:Henry, Lucy, Fred, Wesley, Clark andClarence (twins)and James, one of whom isdead. In 1861 he enlisted in tlie EleventhWisconsin Volunteer Infantry, was in variousengagements, had anextensive army experience,and although he continued throughthe whole war he escaped without capture orwounds. Samuel E., our subject; James, marriedKate Follensbee, in Portland, Dodgecounty, and now lives on the old home withwife and two chihlren, Elmer and Lena. Hewent to Ivansas, in1873, bt)uglit some land inCowley County, where he remained improvingfor about oneyear, when he returned to the oldplace, where, with the exception of one year, hehas lived ever since, havinor sold his Kansasland; Andrewt'., now livingat Marshall depot,has always been inthis vicinity, excejit whiledoing service in the army. In February,1805, ho enlisted in Forty-eighth WisconsinInfantry and was in service eleven months.The name of liis first wife was Sarah Ilyer,and that of his second, Elizabeth Wal bridge,both of whom are deceased. His childrenare: Albert, Willie, Herman, Carson, andGuy.Adeline, now living at ilarshall, marriedAmtis Thompson and has live cliildrenas follows: Lettie, married A. Burr and isnow living near the olil homestead; Gay T.,married Flora Porter; Lucius, Olive, andDelia are at home. Charles R. lives oti theold homestead with his inofher. In 1870 hewent to northern Iowa, where he I'emained anumbe'- of years buying wheat for dcalei-s;then went to Dakota, pre-emptied 160 acresof land, farmed some for two years, proved

496 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFnp, sold out and returned home to the oldhome, where he lias been ever since. In1SG3 he enlisted in Company U, SeventhWisconsin Infantry Volunteers and servedone and one-halt' years in the army of thePotomac, taking part iii the seven days' fightof the Wilderness, Laurel Hill, Sopttyslvania,iNorth Ann, Cold Harbor, Petersburg,Weldon, Hatcher's Run, Gravely K\in, FiveForks and Appomattox, and was in the frontline of Ijattle when Lee surrendered. Hereturned liome safe and souixl after an extendedexperience. The hist child, Francisdied in the old log house in 1845, at the ageof fifteen months and was buried on thefarm. Mr. Muzzy died December 4, 1883,and was buried in York cemetery. He wasa prominent man in the township, havingserved on the Board of Supervisors and alsoas Assessor a number of term, was always interested in educational matters and did liisfull share toward the development of thecounty. He was an active member of theMethodist Episcopal Church, to which Mrs.Muzzy belonged.Our subject, Samuel E., married AdeliaFuller and is now living on the old homestead.He has had three children: Frankie,Cora, and Carl, but two of these died inMichigan and one in Wisconsin. In 1875he went to Michigan and engaged in farming,having there a farm of sixty-three acres.Here he remained until 1885, when he soldtliat tract and bought lor\^ acres at anotherplace, where he lived about two years andstill owns, but in 1889 returned to Wisconsinand to the old home where he has sincelived. In Feliruary, 1805, he enlisted in theForty-eighth Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry,and was in the service some eleven months,being stationed the most of the time inKansas.He still preserves his old Springfieldtnusket as a memento ofthat experience.ASPER MAYER, deceased, for yearsone of the prominent German-Americancitizens of Madison, Wisconsin, issubject of tliis sketch. His life ended at hishome, 615 East Gorham street, June 8, 1884.Coming to Madison in November, 1858, hebegan life in this city as a dealer in winesand liquors, having brought his stock fromthe city of Milwaukee, where he had I)een inbusiness prior to coining to this place.Havingestablished himself in Madison he soonbecame popular with the public, his businessgrowing from the time he started. For sometime he was located on King street,but latermoved to No. 11 Main street, at which placehe was actively engaged until the time of hisdeath. The general opinion expressed concerningMr, Mayer was that he was afriendto every one, and he was alway regarded asone of the best of the Gern)an-.\mericancitizens. His care that no ill should occurto any one from any alnise of the goods hehad for sale was well known. With hiscapable and ethcient wife he accumulated ahandsome competence}*, and at the time ofhis decease left a wide circle ot' mourningfriends. In 1862 our subject made a visitto Germany tojonce more see his aged mother,for whom he had cared since the death of insfather.That sad event occurred when Casperwas but a mere boy and he had ever sincecarefully looked after her wants, always sendingher a part of his income, even when itwas very small.W^ith no one tohelp him, our subject cameto this country alone, and tried the best hecould to earn a living at Ciiillicothe, Ohio,

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 497whence in 1847, he came to Milwaukee. Inthe latter city lie was married, in 1848, liavatthat time a small fruit stand, but in 1849he began the business which he afterwardconducted so successfully.His place in Madisonwas alway called "Casper's Place."Casper Mayer was born in Gattemheim,Germany, near Friedberg, in the Provinceot Baden, November 1, 1821. He came ofgood, respectable, Gei-man parents, who iiadlived worthy lives in Germany. Ilis father,Casper Mayer, died in his native provincewhen our subject was but a small boy. Hewas engaged in the oil manufacturing business.The maiden name of the mother ofour subject was Agatha Huhn, and shelivedto be seventy-three years of age, dying inher native province, and both she and herhusband had been members of the RomanCatholic Church. Our subject was the onlyson of the family, and had but one sister,Walie, who died at the age of fourteen years.Mr. Mayer of this notice, after the death ofhis father went to live with an uncle, abrother of his father, who was in easy circumstances,and he gave young Mayer apractical education and also taught him thetrade of shoemaker.this was not at all congenialto our subject and he did not resumeit after coming to America. In politics, oursubject was an independent Democrat, andwas a man who had never sought ofhce, wasgenerous to a fault, and always gave liberallyto everything which seemed to promise goodto his city or State.In Milwaukee, Wisconsin, October 30,1848, he was njarried to Miss ElizabethSteinle, who was born in Wurtemberg, Germany,August 18, 1829, a daughter of Josephand Eva (Aner) Steinle, natives of Wurtemberg,who wei-e there reared and married, remaininguntilMrs. Mayer of this sketch wasseven years of age. She was one of twochildren, still living, her sister being AnnaM., the wife of Thomas Piggott, now livingin Chicago, where he is engaged as a mechanic.Joseph Steinle was a second titnemarried, inhis native province, to Miss FrancesKoenely, and later the family came to theUnited States, in 1840, via Havre de Grace,landing in New York city. Three monthsafter leaving their home they had settleddown in Lancaster, (^hio, where they remainedsix years and then removed to Milwaukee,where the last days of their liveswere spent.Mrs. Mayer, the wife of our subject, becamewell-known as a most excellent cook,and in this way assisted her husband verymaterially.She was always cheerful, willingto assist, and was one of the best wives, highlyesteemed everywhere. As Mr. Mayer conducteda restaurant with his other business,Mrs. Mayer had a chance toshow how wellshe could manage her part of the business.For years he was an active supporter of theHoly Redeemer Catholic Church. Mr. andMrs. Mayer were the parents of seven children,all of whom are yet living, as follows:Anna R. and Elizabeth, at home; M. Theresa,the wife of Peter Hoven, now living inNewHaven, Connecticut, where he conducts acarriage factory; Emilie F., tiie wife ofStephen Baas, who runs the pleasure boatsin Madison and resides in the city, havingone child; Alexius H. and Casper Adolph,who now conducts the business left by hisfather. He has been twice married and hastwo sons, Charles B. and Adolph L. R.;Bertha M. is a prominent teacher of art inthis city; and Helen L. is a student at theState University.

498 BIOGRAPHICAL liEVIEW OFtANIEL D. BRYANT, one of theenter-''-^^prising tanner residents of Madisontownship, was born in Thetford, Vermont,December 3, 1831.His father, LesterBrant, was born on the same farm, and hisfather, grandfather of our subject, Daniel D.Bryant, was born in Colcliester, Connecticut,of early English ancestry. He was a bravesoldied of the Revolutionary war and removedto Vermont when hostilities ceased.The removal was made in winter with oxteams and sleds, and they became early settlersof the town of Thetford. "When thetown was organized the grandfather of oursubject was elected Clerk. He secured atract of 100 acres of timber land and built aloe house in the wilderness. At that timethere were no railroads or canals, nor werethere any for many years, consequently noconvenient markets. The people lived entirelyoff the products of their farm, withsuch game and fish that they could procurefrom the abundance in stream and woods.Here the grandfather resided until his death,wliich event occurred when he was forty-nineyears of age. The maiden name of his wifewas Bethiar Newton, also a native of Connecticut.The great-grandfather of our subject,John Newton, was of English ancestry andspent his entire life in Connecticut. Thegrandmother of our suliject lived for tifty-fiveyears after her husband died, her deathoccurring on the home farm in Thetford atthe advanced age of eighty-nine years.Thelast twenty-four years of her life she enjoyeda pension from theGovernment.The father of our subject entered the oldhomestead, which he occupied until 1854,when he sold and came to Wisconsin, locatingin Columbia county, where lie bought afarm and resided for a number of years. Hefinally removed to Milwaukee, where he died,July 4, 1876, aged seventy-eight years.The maiden name of the mother of oursubject was Hannah Sleeper, born in Vershire,Orange county, Vermont.Her father,Ezra Sleeper, was a native of Massachusetts,who became a pioneer of Vershire, where heimproved a farm and spent his last years.The mother of our subject died in August,1876, after rearing five children, namely:Sherburn, Harriet, Daniel D., Bethiar andEmeline.Our subject received his early education inthe public schools, later attending the; ThetfordAcademy, which he entered with the intentionof fitting himself for DartmouthCollege, but however changed his mind andleft school to earn money with which hecould emigrate westward.In order to accomplishthis he taught school three wintersandthe remainder of the year engaged in farming.His salary for teaching school was S12per month and board, he being expected tolive around at the houses of his differentpatrons. The arrangements for his boardwere made with the clerk of the district andthe time he spent with each family was in proportionto the number of scholars sent. In1853 he emigrated to Wisconsin and locatedin Hampden, Columbia county. At that timehe had $500 in cash, $100 of which was apresent from his grandmother, which she hadsaved from her pension. He purchased 120acres of land for $1,200. Fifty acres of thiswas broken, while eighty acres were fencedand a small house, 16 .\ 24 feet, was upon theland. At the time, "Waukesha, sixty-fourmiles distant, was the nearest market touchedby the railroad. After living on that landtwo years he sold out and removed to Danecounty, where he purchased 200 acres ofwild prairie land in Westp^rt township, at

DAME COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 499$10 per acre. He improved all the land,built a brick house aud frame barn, and residedthere twelve years, then sold the propertyfor $10,000, and with that money purchasedthe farm, where he now resides inMadison township. It is a well improvedfarm of 400 acres, where he carries on generalfarming and stock-raising, Durham beinghis favorite breed of cattle.December 3, 1856, he married KeronRogers, born in Norwich, Vermont, daughterof Josejih and Tilda (Brown) Rogers.Seven children have been born to our subjectand his wife that are living, namely: Lizzie,Carrie, Lester, George, Frank, Zipporah andMay.Sherburn, the second born died at theage of twenty- tliree years. Our subject is aRepublican in politics and has served fouryears as Assessor of the township, and liveyears as a member of the County Board ofSupervisors. For many years he has been amember of the Grange. Mr. Bryant is aman who commands the respect and esteemof the entire coinniunity, as he is a wortliyand public-spiritedfOIINcitizen.ALEXANDER CRAIG, profes.sorof Animal Husbandry atthe Universityof Wisconsin, was born in Russell township,Russell county, province of Ontario,Canada, Christmas Day, 1867, son of Williamand Anabelle (Petrie) Craig.William Craig was born in Glengarrycounty, Ontario, Canada, in 1828, his parentshaving come from Scotland to America about1820 and located there. He was by occupationa lumlierman, and engaged somewhat infarming operations. He was chosen a Representativefrom his district in the House ofRepresentatives of Ontario, and served withmarked distinction. Mrs. Craig, the Professor'smother, was of Highland Scotchorigin. Pier people came to America aboutthe same time the Craigs came.a family of five children, as follows:They rearedRussell,who now has charge of his father's business;Jessie, attending the University of Wisconsin;Ida, head nurse and an instructor inStanley Institute oftheCanada, a school for thetraining of nurses; and Florence, attendingcommon scliool.John A. received his early education inthe common schools ofKemptviJle, Ontario.In 1884 he entered Ontario AgriculturalCollege at Guelph, which institution was soonafterward affiliatedwith the Toronto University,and there he grail uated in 1888 with thedegree of B. S. A. He then became residenteditor of the Canadian Live Stock Journal,published at Hamilton, Canada. A monthlater he was made managing editor and thepaper was moved to Toronto. There heprosecuted his work with vigor until he wascalled by the Board of Regents of the Universityof Wisconsin to his present position,that of professor of Animal Husbandry. Hehas tilled this chair most acceptably sinceJanuary, 1890.Professor Craig has made valuable contributionsto various agricultural journalsand periodicals. His specialty is experimentalwork in live-stock, principally sheep.He frequently lectures before farmers" institutes,and so thorougli has been his study andinvestigation that his opinion is regarded asauthority.fOHNSIMONS.—Our subject devoteshis life to the supplying of the wantsof the inner man, and has the reputationof a landlord who supplies toothsome

5U0 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFviands that have no touch of dyspepsia inthem. He is proprietor of the hotel thatbears his name at Madison, Dane county,Wisconsin; a comfortable, homelike place,with accommodations for about fifty guests.The hotel is centrally located at the corner of^Nfaine and Butler streets, and has a largebarn for feeding and caring for horses. Mr.Simons began as a hotelkeeper in 1873,spending the tirst ten years at the Northwesternrailroad depot. He has resided atMadison since August 17, 1847, with theexception of a year or so;a boy at anything he couldbeginning work asturn his hand; asearly as 1850 earning his bread in a brickyard;later he entered the employ of theJohn lioderman Brewing Company, withwhich he remained about eighteen and onehalfyears; it being destroyed in JSiovember,1873, he in the same year, Decembers, becameproprietor of the Germania Hotel, attheNorthwestern de])ot.Mr. Simons began life as a poor boy, butby unflagging industry has acquired a lineproperty. Tlie SimoTis Hotel was built byhim in 1883 and enlarged in 1888; he havingbesides this other valuable property,whichproves his industry and economy.For manyyears he has been recognized as one of thevery live men of Madison, and is the oldestGerman settler now living here. IHs oldfriend and former employer, Mr.Koderraan,to whom he was greatly attached, has passedaway from earth.Our subject was born at Neuesjed, Rhineprovince, Germany, April 24, 1834, Ijeingyet a boy when he came with his maternalgrandfather to this country; starting fromHavre de Grace, France, in the good sailingship, Albany, anAmerican vessel, and landingat New York after a passage of tiiirtyfivedays;going thence up the Hudson riverto Albany, by canal to Buffalo, by tlie lakesto Milwaukee, and then spent three days ina lumber wagon before reaching Madison.Tile parents of our subject and liis maternalgrandmother joined them the following year,taking the same rout(!, when all settled inthe town of Springfield upon a new farm,but second-hand land, buying some Governmentland with it. Here the older membersof the family, including the father, motlierand grandparents, continued to live untiltheir deatii; the father, Ludwig Simons, dyingat the age of seventy-six; the mother,Catharine (Ecker) Simons, only cliild ofHenry and Catharine Ecker, died at the ageof seventy-eight; the grandfather dying atthe age of ninety-three and the grandmotherat the age of eighty-five; all the family, formany generations, being Roman Cathdiies.The father, Ludwig, was a baker in Germany,where for several years he served hiscountry as a soldier. A brother of his, aseventh son, named Napoleon, in honor ofthe great Emperor, was to iiave been educatedby the mighty man, but he was destroyed,while yet a boy, in the great fire atthe burning of Moscow, when it was takenby the Frencii.Our subject is the eldest of a family ofseven, five sons being born in Germany, andone son and onedaughter, deceased, born inthis country, (^ne, Wiihelm, lives on theold home j)luce in Springfield township, Danecounty; Christian, the youngest, also is afarmer livingin the same townsliip; Sigfredis a farmer in Union township, Dane county;Antoine is a farmer in W'isconsin; the livingall being married. Jacob, anotherbrotiier, died October 30, 1891, leaving afamily.Our subject was married at Madison toHelena Lumbardy, a native ofPrussia, Ger-

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSTN. 501many, who came with her parents to theUnited States, settling at Springfield in 1849,and lias since resided in Dane county, inRoxbury township, where the parents died.Her father was a farmer, and he and theother members of the family were RomanCatholics. Mr. and Mrs. Simons are mem-I)er3 of the Church of the Holy Redeemer(Roman Catholic), and Mr. Simons is a memberof the building committee of parishschools. He is a member of a number ofsocial and benevolent orders, among which isthe Catholic BenevolentSociety.Mr. and Mrs. Simons are the parents ofnine children, live of them dead, includingthe first-born, viz.: Sarah, Herbert, August,Henry and Anna. The living are: Fred A.,clerk for his father, married Maggie Doylen,a resident of this city; Mary, helping athome; John A., at home; and Josephine, asuccessful young artist, at home.fOHNQ. A. ROOD, a successful farmerof Dane county, Wisconsin, was born inWashington county, Vermont, May 22,1825, a son of Moses and Edith (Robinson)Rood, also natives of Vermont. The father,a farmer and lumberman by occupation, diedin Wisconsin in 1854, and the mother diedin the same State in 1863. They were theparents of eight children, six sons and twodaughters, allbut one of whom lived to yearsof maturity.John Q. A. Rood, the subject of thissketch, came to Wisconsin in 1845, locatingin Janesville, Rock county. Three yearslater he went to Stoughton, where he and hisbrother built the milldam across the river;remained there two years;then at Waterloo,Wisconsin, until 1852; in that year wentwest with o.\ teams, being from April untilSeptember inmaking the trip, and took up atract of land in Willamette valley, Oregon.lie was engaged in milling in that State sevenyears, and in 1858 returned to Waterloo,Jefferson county, Wisconsin, where he followedthe lumber business four years. In1865 Mr. liood bought his present farm of140 acres in Dunkirk township, Dane county,where he has since been engaged in generalfarming. Politically he affiliates with theRepublican ]>arty, and has held the office ofTownship Supervisortwo terms.In June, 1852, he was united in marriagewith Mary E. Estes, who was reared in NorthCarolina, and they have one child, HarrietE., wife ofWilliam Tyler, of Dunkirk township,this county.ERNHARD II.NIENABER, manu-9M\ facturer of and wholesale and retail dealerin cigars, Madison, Wisconsin, is rankedwith the prominent business men of the city.He is the oldest manufacturer of cigars inMadison, having established himself in businesshere in 1860. July 8, 1863, he lost hisentire stock bj lire, but five days later againstarted up, and liis business career has sincebeen one of marked success. He is nowlocated at 215 East Main street, in a buildinghe erected and moved into in 1882. Untilten years ago he employed a large force,from ten to twenty-five, all the time, but ofrecent years he has not conducted his businesson such an extensive scale. Mr.Nienaberbegan learning his trade in Indianapolis,Indiana, in 184U, the year he landed in theUnited States, and worked at it there untilhe came to Wisconsin. He dates his arrivalin Madison February 27, 1854, and from

502 BIOQRAPniOAL REVIEW OFthat time until he engaged in business forhimself he was employed as a cigar-maker.Mr. Nieiiaher was born in the grand duchyof Oldenburg, not far from Bremen, Germany,August 11, 1837, and was reared andeducated there. In the fall of 1849, accompaniedby his sister,Ingle, wlio was two yearshis senior, he took passage on a three-mastsail vessel, the Gustafi", Captain Van Zantan,and after a voyage of seven weeks landed inNew Orleans; thence up the Mississippi andOhio rivers to Cincinnati, where their twobrothers, John Henry and Ferdinand, hadlived for two years. .lolin Henry settled inCovington, Kentucky, where he was subsequentlymarried, and where he has since madehis home. He was in the rolling mills fifteenyears, and was also a jol) mason and plasterer.He is now retired from active business.Ferdinand first settled in Cincinnati, thenwent to Indianapolis, where, in 18-49, heestablished a cigar manufactory. Subsequentlyhe returned to Covington and engagedextensively in tlie manufacture ofcigars there. He has since made his homein Covington, and is now living retired. Helias been prominent in local matters, hasserved as delegate tonumerous conventions,and has been, and is yet, president of the OldSettlers' Association of (Jovington.was before herHis wifemarriage Miss Agnes Stontebeck.The sister, Ingle, above referred to,also married in Covington, and she and herhusband are botii deceased. They left twochildren.and Elizabetli,Another brotlier and sister, Franktlie oldest of the family, cameto the United States in 1854. Tliey, too, aredeceased, and both left families.Frank diedfrom the effects of a sunstroke, and Elizabethdied only a few years ago.Having briefly referred to the brothers andsisters of Mr. Nienaber, we now turn to iiisparents, Antone and Agnes (Fon Lemden)Nienaber. They were both born and rearedin 01denl)urg, Germany, and were there married.Tiie father was a farmer the greaterpart of hie life. When he was young heserved for a while as cook on the Hollandherring boats. He and his wife and all thefamily were devout members of the CatliolioChurch. In 1852 the parents left Bremenfor America, and in due time landed at NewOrleans. From there they started up theriver, intending to join their children atCMncinnati.The mother, however, was doomednever to reach her destination; for cholera,which was epidemic at that time, claimed heras a victim.She died at Evansville, Indiana,and was there buried under tiie rites of tlieCatholic (/hurch. Tiie bereaved father andhusband continued his way a few days laterto Cincinnati, where the mingled joy andsorrow at the meeting with his expectantciiildren can better be imaixined than described—^joy for the father's safe arrival anddeepest sorrow caused by the beloved motlierbeing snatched away when almost withintheir reach. The father passed the rest ofiiisdays with his son, Henry, and his daughter,Elizabeth, and died at the age of eightythree.The mother was about sixty-five atthe time of her

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 503Jacob Esser, Sr., a contractor and builder ofthis city. Margaret is now mai-ried to bersecond liusbaiid, John Walterscbeit, a farmerof Blooming Grove, this county. Her firstluisband was killed in the late war. Tliebrother, Jacob, also a soldier indied afterward while in the West.the civil war,Mr. and Airs. Nienalier have had ten children,two of whom, Sophia and Frank, diedwhen young. Those living are as follows:Anna, wife of Godfred Moery, a mason andcontractor of Madison; Saliilla, wife of CasperHauk, a machinist, residing in Milwaukee,Wisconsin; George W., a prominent youngman in local matters, married Nellie I3ropby,and is his father's assistant in the cigar business;Antoiie, a mechanic in the employ ofthe Fuller & Johnson Manufacturing Company,of Madison; John B., a resident of Chicago,engaged in the drug business; Catharine,Elizabeth, and P^'rank. The last three namedare at home.The family are members of the HolyRedeemer Catholic Church. Politically Mr.Nienaber is a Democrat, and has served asAlderman of the Third Ward. He is amember of the leading German societies ofthis city.ILLIAM V RO M A N.— Prominentn w.,>i,j among the pathiinders of Wisconsin\tJmM(•SiJsn11ami the representative citizens otMadison, stands the gentleman whose nameheads this brief sketch, whose interests havebeen identified with those of the capital cityfor more than fifty years, and who has contributedby his honorable and energeticefibrts to the financial prosperity and moraladvancement of the community.William Vroman is a native of the EmpireState, having been born in Onondaga county,February 20, 1818. His parents, Jacob andOlive (Tolls) Vroman, were natives of NewYork and England, respectively. They removedto Indiana in an early day, where theydied when the subject ofthis sketch was butthree years of age. After this sad bereavement,3'oung William lived with his unclesand aunts in New York State until he attainedthe age of nineteen years. He received acommon school education and the carefultraining of moral and religious minds. Atthe age of nineteen he joined the westwardtide of emigration, coining to Madison, wlierehe was for a time employed at the carpenterand joiner's trade. He afterward returned toNew York, where he continued to work athis trade for four years, being in that Stateat the time of Harrison's inauijuration in1841, grandfather of the recent presidentIn September, 184:4, Mr. Vroman again cameto Wisconsin, which was still on the frontierof civilization and a Territory. He engagedin farming and contracting in Dane connty,which was then but sparsely settled. In1861 Mr. Vroman was elected Connty Treasurerfor four years, and in 1863 he discontinuedfarming and eniraged in the lumbertrade inMadison, continuing in that businessuntil 1889, when he retired from activepursuitsto enjoy, in rest and cotnfort, the accumulationsof his earlier years, being cheered bythe society of his wife andchildren.Mr. Vroman was married in New York, inMarch, 1844, to Harriet Field, a native ofOneida county, that State, and a daughter ofLincoln Field, a prosperous farmer and contractor.They have had two children: CharlesEdwin; and Ellen Josephine, wife of E. C.Mason, a well-to-do plumber and gasfitterMadison.Politically, Mr. Vroman was formerly anof

^^"^f^r^TH,504 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFold-time whig, but since 1860 has been identifiedwith the Republicanparty.Public-spirited and enterprising Mr. Vromanhas assisted in the upbuilding of hiscity and has lent his moral aid to the advancementof all educational and religions institutions,and justly enjoys the esteem of acircle of friends.JpfeflLLIAMwideHOLDEN FARNS-' a farmer, resident of theW/.'fl*=&;^ township of Dunn, Dane county,Wisconsin, was born on the farm where henow resides June 8, 1853, and his father,Calvin C. Farnsworth, was one of the firstsettlers of the town, born December 8, 1817,and the grandfather of our subject isthoughtto have been born in Rupert, Benningtoncounty, Vermont, his father having comethere among the first settlers of the countyfrom Connecticut, probably even before theRevolutionary war. His deatli occurred atBurlington, and his wife, a member of theKellogg family passed away there also.lloldeu Farnsworth, the grandfather of oursubject, was reared on a farm and always followedthat occupation. At one time he owneda farm but was unfortunate in giving securityfor a friend and thus lost his farm.He died at Winook Falls in 182(5. The nameof his wife was Susanna Cobb, born, it isthousrht, in Bennincjton. She survived herhusband many years and died at the home ofher daughter, Mrs. Farwell, in Rutland, Wisconsinin 1858.The father of our subject was eight yearsofage when his father died, and he then wentto live with his aunt Polly Gray of Dorset,Bennington county, Vermont, wliere he wasreared and educated. He was reared on tliefarm and remained with tliat irood womanuntil his twenty-first year and then startedout in the world for himself. One year'semployment in farm work brought him ^120,and he continued work in both Benningtonand Rutland counties until 1846, when heemigrated to the Territory of Wisconsin. Hestarted from Granville, Washington county,with a team accompanied by his bride, anddrove as far as Fort Ann. and there took tiieCiiam plain and later the Erie canals to Buffalo,going by lake to Milwaukee. At this placeour subject's father hired a team to take themto Dane county. The country was but sparselysettled and game was still abundant.Tiie brother of Mrs. Fransworth had tradedfor 600 acres of land in what is now the townof Dunn, and Mr. Farnsworth bought 140acres of the land from him, and they locatedon section 28.Norman Farwell and his wifehad accompanied Mr. Farnsworth, and theymoved into a log house with another familyuntil they could build a cabin of their own.Here Mr. Farnsworth long lived and addedto his real estate until he had 256 acres.Hisfirst marriage was witli Mary Cramer, ofGranville, Washington county, New York,September 21, 1846, and she was a daughterof Charles Cramer, who was born in Germany,of German and American parents.Mr. Cramerleared the trade of potter and followedthat trade in the town of Granville until hisdeath.The maiden name of his wife was MaryRugg, who was a native of New York. Shesurvived her husband many years and died atthe home of her daughter in Dane coutity in1868. Mrs. Farnsworth died in 1856, ami in1857 Mr. Farnsworth married her sister, DeliaA. Cramer. Three children of the first marriage:Susan A., who married William Aul,and Ann Elizabeth, who married L. S. Chandler;and our subject; and one son of thesecond marriiii'i', Reuben Calvin.

DANE COUNTY, WISGONSIN. 505Onr snl)ject received liis early education inthe district school, which was advanced by attendanceat Albion and the high school atOregon, and this good fonndation was supplementedby tirst-class business educationat Madison managed by Professor IlarringtoD.He has always followed farming andnow owns and operates 109 acres of the oldhome farm. He married December 13. 1881,Miss Lena C. Criddle, who was born in thetown of Dunn. Her father, James Criddle,was born inSomei'setshire, England, and hisfather, the grandfather of Mrs. Fariisworth,was born in the same shire, and was the sonof James and Grace (Sage) Criddle. He camefrom England to America, but remained inthis countiy but a short time and died in hisown land. Eiglit of his children came toAmerica, Mrs. Farnsworth's father coming in1849, sailing from Bristol in tiie month ofMarch in the sailing vessel Casma; landedin New York five weeks later. He camedirectly to Wisconsin via the Hudson river,then to Buffalo and on the lakes to Milwaukeeand then by team to Rock county. Hewas in straightened circumstances and atonce found employment on a farm, remainingin Rock county for several years, whenhe removed to Mitchell county. Iowa, andone year later moved to the town of Dunnin Dane county, where he purchased a farmand still owns and occupies it. The maidenname of the mother of Mrs. Farnsworth wasSusanna Carver, born in New York, adaughterof David and Nancy (Durfer) Carver, andher father was a lineal descendant ofGovernorCarver.tliree children.Mr. and Mrs. Farnswortli have|p|L()N J. SPARKS, aprominent farmerand stock-raiser, located on section 17,in York township, was the son of AustinSparks, and his grandfather was of Englishdescent, born in Vermont, where healways lived and where he dieil. Austin,the father, was born in Vermont, in theyear 1S22, and was brought up on a farm.He secured a fair e

506 BIOQRAPniCAL REVIEW OFD. Wood, and now lives in Columbus, Wisconsin.Elon J. is a Wisconsin boy, liavingbeen born on the farm originally bought byhis fatiier and in the old log house, December6, 1862. He received a common schooleducation, and was brought up to work, andis now an industrious farmer.The marriage of Mr. Sparks was celebratedApril 7, 1886, to Margaret Ann Edwards,who was born in Kenerton, Flintshire, England,being ot Welsh and English descent.Her people emigrated to this country whenshe was but two months old. They havethree children: Austin Thomas, born June 9,1887; Ina May, May 14, 1889, and Margaretliuth, November 14, 1891.|]ir ATI! Eli A. J. KUEIINE, pastor of the^jRit Church of the Sacred Heart at Sun'^' Prairie, Wisconsin, came here in 1880.His grandfather, Anthony Kuehne, was a nativeof Switzerland; inthat beautiful countryhis life was passed and there he died. Thelather, Anthony, was born in Switzerland in1820, and as he lost his father at an earlyaire he was principally reared by his unclesin that country. He was given fair opportunitiesfor obtaining an education, workedat various trades and became a good shoemaker.He was united in marriage in thatsame country to Catherine Annie Zahner,in 1845, and two years later they came toAmerica, on a sailing vessel. Some travelershave taken tiiis trip witli fair windsand calm seas, but Mr. and Mrs. Kuehneencountered severe storms and consumed8i.\ty-two days on the voyage. This was anew English vessel and had a large passengerlist and among them were twenty fromSwitzerland.Landing was made at New Orleans, whenceilr. and ilrs. Kuehne went to Kentucky,where they remained live years, working athis trade of shoemaker, thence to Indiana,where he rented a farm and engaged in farming.On account of the prevailing malarialfever and consequent unhealthiness in the localityMr. Kuehne removed North, settlingin Milwaukee in 1856.There they remaineduntil 1883, where he located at his trade,opening a shop here and engaging extensivelyin the boot and shoe business. Atthis place Mr. Kuehne had a shop of hisown, also a store and worked for a wholesaledealer, thus leaving no stone unturned tohonestly increase his business.In 1873 he was selected, on account of hismany admirable traits of character, as janitorof St. Joseph Church, where he remaineduntil 1883, when he removed to the place ofhis son in Sun Prairie. Both father andmother are now living here. There wereeight children, of whom only three are stillliving, viz.: Josephine, who married JosephItoelil,of Milwaukee; Mary A., of Sun Prairie;and A. J.,our subject.Father Kuehne was the eighth and lastchild born in the family, July19, 1857, andattended the parochial school in Milwaukeeuntil his thirteenth year, and then continuedstudy under private instructors until he wassi.Kteen, when lie entered St. Francis Collegeat Milwaukee and began study for the priesthood,remaining thereuntil he was ordainedJune 27, 1880. He was then sent to Franklinand St. Martins' post office, where hetook charge of tiie (Miurch of the SacredHeart for about three ;nonths. On September17, 1880 he took charge of the SacredHeart at Sun Prairie, and under his care andmanagenieiit tlie church has greatly prospered.

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 507When lie came to tliis charge the buildingfor service was a small frame structure, stillstanding at present, being used as a schoolbouse.It was among the first of tlie buildingsconstructed in Sun Prairie. Everythinghas seemed to prosper under the fosteringcare of this efficient priest.When hecame sixty families made up the congregation,while now 125 families are under hispastoral care.brick churchIn 18S6, a large, commodiouswas erected, 45 x 105, at a costof $15,000, anil it is l)eautifully and artisticallyfinished throughout. In 1S91 a teachers'dwelling-house, of brick, was erected at acost of $2,000, and now the congregationis building a brick parsonage to cost $4,000,which is designated to be a modern structure,with two stories, attic and basement. Heopened a parocliial school, with an attendanceof eighty-tive pupils.The families under the charge of FatherKuehne are of German and Irish nationalities,the most of them having been Americanborn. They live within a radius offour miles.The reverend Father has the respectand confidence of the community andis adding material wealth to his congregationand is giving the best of his life to theirspiritual welfare.-tfefAMES NEVIN, superintendent of the^^1 Wisconsin Fish Hatchery, was born at^ New Castle, in the Province, Ontario,June 4, 1854. His father, Joseph Nevin,was born in the county of Antrim, Ireland,and tlie iTrandfather of our subiect was of thesame and Scotch ancestry. He was a farmerand spent his last days there. The father ofour subject and his brothers, WiHiani andJohn were the only members of the family tocome to America.John resides in Hamiltoncounty, Nebraska; William settled inPetersburg,Menard county, Illinois, and died there.The lather of our subject came to Americawhen a young man and settled in New Castle.His circumstances were limited and he soughtemployment on the farm and was finally enabledto rent land, and in 1S80 Ijought afarm in Essex county, whcic he now resides.The maiden name of his wife was Mary EllenWilson, born in county Down, Ireland, andher father was born in the same place, ofScotch ancestry. He emigrated to Americaand landed in Quebec, where he died immediatelyafter lamling. The mother rearedseven children: James, William, (reorge,Albert H., Fred, Viola and Herbert.Our subject was reared and educated in hisnative town and commenced when very youngto be self-supporting and worked on the farmfor six dollars a month. A short distanceaway from his father's place was the Governmentfish-breeding establishment. When hewas fifteen years of age he commenced workin that institution at $20 per month andboarded himself.He paid strict attention tohis work and made a thoroutrh study of allthe details and mastered a profession thatbut few have any knowledge of. He remainedat that station until 1875, when he wastransferred to Windsor, Ontario, and placedin charge of the hatchery at that place, wherehe remained until 1882, when he resigned toaccept his present ])osition.Our subject was married October 8,187'J,to Mary Ellen Ilobinson, a native of England,and her parents were natives of the samelocality.Mr. and Mrs. Nevin have twochildren: William and Thomas W. He isa member of Madeira Lodge, No. 5, A. F. &A. M., Madison Chapter, No. 4, R. A. M.and Robert M. Coy Commaudery, No. 3, K. T.

;508 BI06RAPBIGAL REVIEW OFfOHNW. DODGE, a farmer living onsection 23, in York township, is thesubjeo.t of this sketch.The name of thegrandfather of our subject was NathanielDodge, and the father was Willis.Tiie i)irthof tlie latter took place in Oneida county,New York, and grew up there until he wastwenty years of age.At that time he beganto long to see the world, and made a trip to"Wisconsin, on foot, and passed throughrianesville when there was but one housethere. He traveled all the way from NewYork to Fond du Lac and studied the country.He was so pleased with the appearancearound where Janesville now stands that hebought land there and paid some upon hispurchase, and then returned to New York.His father had not seen the land and naturallydistrusting the judgment of youth dissuadedhim from either returning to Wisconsin orpaying more upon the land, and to induce himto remain he bouo-ht him a farm in his homevicinity, [)aying for it S-i,0()0, and there heremained until the death of his father. Hereceived a fair education in the commonschools and when his father had died heimmediatelymade his way to the State whichhad so taken his boyisii fancy. He bought afarm on section 23 in Dane county, improvedit and added to it until he had 320 acres andwhen he came to this place there werevery few improvements here, and Mr. Dodgebegan at once to improve. He found theland tine for wheat and could raise greatcrops of that cereal, but ho had to haul it along distance to Milwaukee and then sell itfor from twenty-five to fifty cents'per busliel.After a few years he built a better house,hauling the lumber from Nickeljohn's mills,a distance ot 112 miles, by team and thissame home is still standing.The first marriarre of the father of our subjecttookplace in New I'ork and the secondone also in New York, but in Wisconsinhe found his third wife, Miss Harriet Gloss.She was a native of New York and from thismarriage came a family of four children:Ella, married S. D. Smith, and lives in New-York township; John W. ;Ida IMay, marriedGeorge E. Graham; Hattie, lives at home.The father of this family died in 1882. Thechildren of his first marriage were: Eunice(deceased); Amarilla, married O. Carskadenand lives in New York; Emily, married JohnJohnson and lives in Y'ork township; Adelia,died in Iowa and left three children. Thechildren of the second marriage were:(deceased), died inKo.xyKansas and left one childEliza, married Malford H. ('arskaden andlives inPrescott, Kansas; Jane, is the motherof two children, married William Bensonand lives in Kansas; Olive (deceased); Harriet,married Pliilander Perkins (deceased);Maria, married Fren Horaehe (deceased);George W., who died in Y\)rk township,Wisconsin, and Luraney (deceased), whomarried Eben Perkins in New York.The grandfather of our subject was a Vermontfarmer, who went to Oneida county.New York, and there taught scbool and singing-school,and married Miss Eunice Perry,of Connecticut, and reared a family of fourchildren, as follow^:Orpha (deceased); Mary,married her cousin Andrew Perry and bothare deceased; Willis D., the father of oursubject; and George W., deceased.The farm which Mr. Willis Dodge ownedwas rented at the timeof his death. As soonas the time was out, John W., who wasthe only son, July 5, 18(34,borntook charge of theplace and now rents 320 acres for a cashrent. His aged mother finds a pleasant homewith him. He is interested in creameries,conducting one in York township, and a

nAXE COUNTY, WISCON'/SlN. 50!)partner, owning a half interest, conductsinBristol.oneThe marriage of our subject took placeNovember 20, 1889, to Miss Lettie Bradley,born in Cottage Grove township, and onechild, little Robert, has been born into thefamily. Mr. Dodge is a very intelligent manand he cannot lielp showing some regret thathis father did not retain his land inWisconsin.It would have proven very valuable.He often tells how his father in that longtrip on foot would overtake teams and outstripthenito some place.1827. Another son, William Pitt, was bornthere two years later.In 1836 the family, consisting of parents,three sons and two daughters, removeil toLorain county, Ohio, going by lake Eriefrom Buffalo to Cleveland. The panic ofthat year had prostrated the father's businessof shoes, leather and tanning, and a newstart had to be made and a new countryfound. New England pluck, industry andintelligence, combined with former experiencein a new country, were equal to the.undertaking. The location was made in the"Western Reserve" of Ohio, so called,— aj)-^HARLES THOMPSON WAKELEY,il^r, of Madison, Wisconsin, w^as descendedon both sides from ancestors who settledin America in early colonial times. Themore recent branches resided inConnecticut,where their generations were born andraised to the time of his parents, who removedfrom that State during the last warwith Great Britain to eastern New York,where they were married.Both grandfatherswere patriot soldiers of the Kevohition,one of whom, Henry Thompson, clubbedhis musket at the age of si.xteeu years, atthe battle of Bunker Hill. Solmous andHannah (Thompson) Wakeley, the parentsof our subject, were natives of Litchfieldcounty, Connecticut, the latter being a descendantof Anthony Stoddard, the ancestorof Presidents Edwards and Dwight of YaleCollege. After marriage they removed fromeastern to central and later to western NewYork, having lived in Buffalo before it wasmuch rebuilt from the ruins of its burningin the Ust war. They afterward removedto ](Oston, in tlie same county, Erie, whereCharles T. Wakeley was born, December 17,34parently "reserved" for New England pe()[)le,and their principles and habits, which thesettlers there generally possessed. Theywere Puritans, whether with or without thePuritan religion. Olierlin College was locatednear, and was the controlling spirit inpolitics and religion. That institution wasfounded upon a diet, for its disciph^s, ofGraham bread and milk and water. Therewas, however, nomilk and water, but strongmeat in their puritanical religion and abolitionpolitics from the time of Tajipati andGarrison and the underground railroads toCanada, up to the time ofLincoln, Giddingsand emancipation. Tlie pupils of Oberlinswarmeil as teachers, and the common schoolswere good within a great radius. Oberliuwas also an original coeducational college.Tiie elder daughter of the Wakeley familygraduated there in the full classical courseabout 1846.The common schools were thensupported by the self-imposed taxes of thedistricts, the teachers boarding around. Theygave the other children of the family an ediicationin English through the higherbranches, the elder sou adding a good Latineducation at the village academy, also readinglaw.

510 BIOORAPUICAL REVIEW OFFromOhio the family removed to WhiteWater, Wisconsin. The father went therein 1841, riding on liorsehaek, and boughta farm and village home. It need bescarcely mentioned in this history, for itwasthe common lot of all, tliat lie passed heedlesslythrough Chicago without buying it.Returning to Ohio and preparing for Healremoval, in the summer of 1842 he camewith the younger daughter, Lucy, andCharles, in company with otiier families, tohis new home, all the way in wagons. Sucha journey to the West in those days was, inmany respects, delightful and romantic. Thegloom of the heavy forests, then very littlecleared, gradually gave way to the sunnyout-openings of orchard sand flowery prairies,and made it seem like an escape. The prairieswere still in their wild state, beingavoided by the first settlers, and only takenup as the last chance. Michigan presentedthe first sight of the wonderland of prairiesto the western movers, and by their beautyand genial climate, that State had lost someof its bad reputation as a fever and aguecountry, and was then in the van of Northwesternprogress. That State furnished theonly two railroad tracks seen on the route byour emigrants. The general community inthese days shared the opinions of the fiatboatmenfrom the rivers and the sailors fromthe lakes, that these so-called railroads wouldonly be pretty playthings, which would neverbe able to drive a boat from the lakes, ora covered freiixht waifon from the land. Theroads were then white, or wliite and black,with prairie schooners all the way from thewheat farms of Ohio to the lead mines ofWisconsin and Illinois, headed to and fromthe great lakes, loading and unloailing thevessels with their freights, and now and thenheaded westerly in long trains, carrying emigrantsand thus robbing the vessels of theirfreights.June 2. 1842, Charles T. Wakeley thusarrived in White Water, then, as now, oneof the prettiest and most enterprising townsof the State. The following year the remainderof tlie family came to that villageby the lake route from Cleveland to Milwaukee.Solmous Wakeley and wife resided inWhite Wator until the former's death, whichoccurred at Madison, in 18fi7. He waselected as a member of the first constitutionalconvention, was twice a member ofthe Assembly, and for a series of yearsCounty Supervisor. He was originally aJackson Democrat, and was one of only sevento vote for his hero in Hoston, New York.He became an original Republican, was vicepresidentof their first State convention,and president of their lirst Congressionalconvention of his district. His wife survivedhim seven j'ears, residing after hisdeath with her older son. Judge EleazerWakeley, in Omaha, Nebraska, where he hadremoved in 1867, from Madison. He hassince resided there, engaged in the practiceof law and as District Judge, having a'soserved as ITnited States Judge of Nebraska,in Territorial times. In AVisconsin he wa.s amember of the last Territorial Assembly andwas State Senator.Charles commenced his main lite-work,while a mere boy, inWhite Water and somewhatby chance.In 1843, he was employedas Assistant Postmaster. The Postmasterbeing a practicing lawyer, and there beingbut one mail a week eachwas put inway, a year's timeby the young assistant in industriouslyreading the law books which were inthe ortice. Indeed, in those days books werpscarce, ami it was the universal practice tpread all books within reach. In 18^4 he

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 511dropped this thread of life, and went toGalena, Illinois, to learn tlie printers' tradewith Horace A. and Henry W. Teiiney.They were friends in Ohio, and were in thatcity publishing the "Jeffersonian." Galenawas then the principal shipping point fromthe lead mines in Illinois and Wisconsin, hyway of Fever and Mississippi rivers. Duringhis work as printer Mr. Wakelev continuedthe study of Latin, commenced underhis bn_)ther in White Water, and wliich wasvery useful to him in the university."Fever" river was a significant name, andfever and ague shook the apprentice loosefrom its hanks in a few months, and he returnedto Wisconsin. The Tenneys alsosoon came to Madison, where they conductedthe "Argus." In 1840 Mr. Wakeley cameto this city and resumed his position witlithe Tenneys, remaining in the printing businessin connection with attending the nniversityuntil 1852, when he was elected Stateprinter. He then taught two years in theMadison Female Seminary. During thistime, in 1848, as soon as the preparatory departmentof the University of Wisconsin wasorganized, and on the very first day Mr.Wakeley was one of less than a score ofyoung men to make the first class, underProfessor John W. Sterling.This great seat of learning was then, andfor four years after, located in the lowerstory of the Female Seminary building, thepresent sight of the high school building,although the loci of some ofits departmentswere various and temporary. Professors'private rooms, hotel parlors, law offices andstudents' rooms were some of the grand andimposing "seats" up to 1852, while abnainaief boarded around, in the last namedyear she commenced housekeeping in herpresent quarters, having only the north dormitorybuilding for students' rooms and alldepartments, and it was ample. Mr. Wakeleywas one of two to carry forward withoutloss of time the first classes of that institutionto the time of its first graduating class,in June, 1854. At that time, with LeviIJoothe, now of Denvei\ Colorada, as an onlyclass-mate, he graduated as thevaledictorian.In his address he strongly condeujned thecompulsory study of Latin and Greek, especiallythe latter, in the college course, outliningcourses similar to those now generallyselected, and asking for the freedom of choicenow secured. In 1855 there was no graduatingclass in the university. In 1S5G therewas a class of four, and since that time therehave been classes every year. So, for twoyears Mr. Wakeley constituted one-half ofthe alumni of the University of Wisconsin,and, with his class-mate, made the universitytwo years older as an ahiia mater thanit would have been without his work. Forthe firstfive years he was a participant, withscarcely an exception, in all public exercisesof the university. In 1849 he was editorand reader of the first literary paper; in 1850was one of the authors of the constitutionof the first literary society, the Athenean,and, after Professor Sterling, its first president;in 1857, he received its first diplomaas A. M.; and in 18tJ2 was the first presidentand orator of the Alumni Association.John H. Lathrop, Chancellor; JohnW. Sterling, O. M. Connover and J. PearlLathrop, professors, and Stephen 11. Carpenter,tutor, constituted the faculty of theuniversity during that time. Professor Sterling,the last survivor, died in 1884. Theywere all great scholars, and good and truemen.In 1854-'55 Mr. Wakeley read law in theoffice of Chauncey Abbott and Julius T.

512 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFClark, inMadison, and in the latter year wasadmitted to the bur. He resided in Madisonand practiced law industriously until 1865;served as District Attorney from 1863 to1865; and as City Attorney for several years.His partners in succsssion were Judge J. GillettKnapp, Henry E.' Frink, Daniel K. Tenney,Judge Samuel Crawford, Hon. Wm. F.Vilas and Judge Eleazer Wakeley. Duringthe year of 1865 he was inthe East, and wasin Ford's Theater, at Washington, whenPresident Lincoln was assassinated. He hada close and clear view of ail that took i)lace,heard and located the pistol shot, saw thetrajiical theatrical pose with the dagger, thestumble in striking down on the stage, breakingthe ankle, and heard most distinctly andunmistakably both the e.xclamations of Booth,".. uur subject; MetteMalone- Caroline, wife of (He Hansen, o

-DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 51?,Stou^hton; and Lina J., of Dunkirk townsliip.The mother still resides in this township,aged sixty-two years.After the death ofher first husl)aiid slie married a Mr. Evans,and they had three sons and two daughters.Herman O., the subject of this sketch, wasreared l)y a stepfather, and received only alimited education, having had to walk threemiles over a marsh to reach the school. Inthe fall of 1872 he began life for himself,and he now owns a fine farm of 110 acres,which lie has cleared and improved. He isengaged in general farming and stock-raising-Politically Mr. Alme affiliates with the Democratparty, and has held all the minor officesof his township. Religiously he is'a memberof the Lutheran Church.June 16, 1884, in Rutland township, Danecounty, he was united in marriage with BerthaKnutson, a native of Norway, but who cameto America in infancy. Mi', and Mrs. Almehave three living children: Orin Alexander,Olive Melvina and Selmer. Two childrendied ininfancy,—Susan and Ada.IILLIAM-'^^-^-I-—HERBERT IIOBBS, PhJ)., assistant professor of Mineralogyand Metallurgy, University of Wisconsin,was born in Worcester, Massachusetts,July 2, 1864, son of Horace and Mary P.(Parker) Hobbs, of that place. His fatherwas atid is examiner of titles in the office ofRegister of Deeds in Worcester county,Massachusetts, and during the late war wasCaptain of Company H, Fifty-first MassachusettsVolunteer Regiment. He was a sonof General George Hobbs, also a resident ofWorcester. Samuel Hobbs, the original ancestorof the family who settled inAmerica,came here from England in 1636 with JohnWinthrop, and located inMassacliusetts.Dr. Hobbs was one year old when hismother died, and later his father marriedJMaria Knowles, of Auburn, Worcester county.When he was six years of age the family settledin Auburn, where he attended schooluntil he was fourteen.Then he was a studentat Woj'cester Academy two terms. In thefall of 1880 he entered Worcester Free Instituteof Industrial Science (now WorcesterPolytechnic Institute), where he followed acourse of drawin

614 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFwas called to the University ofWisconsin asiustrnctor in Mineralogy and curator of theGeological and Miueralogical Museum. In1890 he was promoted to the assistant professorshipofMineralogy, and was made secretaryand librarian of the Wisconsin Academyof Sciences, Arts and Letters. He isstill assistant geologist in the United StatesGeological Survey.Following is a partial list of papers byProfessor Hobhs:Ou the Petrographical Characters of a Dikeof Diabase in the Boston Basin: BulletinMus. Goinp. Zool., Harvard College, xvii., p.1.: one plate. (March, 1888.)On the Rocks Occurring in the Neighborhoodof Uchester, Howard County, Maryland:Johns Hopkins University Circulars, No. 65.(April, 1888.) (Preliminary Notice of aDissertation for the Degree of Doctor ofPhilosophy.)On the Paragenesis of Allanite and Epidoteas Ivock-forming Minerals: AmericanJournal of Science, (3), xxxviii., p. 223.(September, 1889.)Ueber die Verwachsung von Allanit undEpidot in Gesteinen: Tschermak's min. u.petrog. Mitth. xi., p. 1. (1889.)On Some Metamorphosed Eruptives in theCrystalline Rocks of Maryland: Trans. WisconsinAcademy of Science, etc., viii.. p. 155;one plate.Oil a New Occurrence of OlivineDiabasein Minnehaha County, South Dakota (withG. E. Culver): Trans. Wisconsin Academyof Science, viii., p. 206.Some Pseudomorphs from the Taconic Region:Am. Geol., x., p. 44. (July, 1892.)On Secondary Banding in Gneiss: Bull.Geol. Society of America, vol. iii., p. 460.(1892.) (Witii plate 14.)Notes on a Trip to the Lipari Islands in1888: Trans. Wisconsin Academy of Science,ix., p. 20. (1892.) One plate.jATHANIEL MARTIN, a resident ofVienna township, Wisconsin, was bornin Franklin county, Vermont, in 1832.His father was Nathaniel Martin, born inNew Hampshire, in 1795. and his father,Thomas Martin, also a native of New Eno--land, came from an Irish father and a Hollandmother. The great-grandfather of oursubject, whose given name is not known, wasa ijunsmith from Ireland, who came to NewEnj^landata very early day. The grandfatherfollowed the occupation of farming andreared his son, Nathaniel, to farm life.Thomas Martin was one of a large family ofchildren. His father was an active participantall through the Revolutionary war, andwounded by a bullet through his arm. Hewas a musician, a lifer, and now both he andhis wife are sleeping in the little graveyardin Sheldon's Corners, Vermont. This placewas named for George Sheldon, the maternalgrandparent. Grandfather Martin died atthe age of seventy years, and his wife soonafter.Grandfather Sheldon dieil in Sheldon,Vermont, at the age of ninety- three years,having reared six sons and three daughters,to whom he left a fair estate for that day, andthe old homestead is still in the family. Hewas a typical frontiersman and iiunter, andenjoyed life thoroughly, lie was well andwidely known, and for his prowess he washeld in high esteem, and the town was namedafter him.His father was of English lineage,and was a Colonel in the Revolutionary war,having at one time the command ofwhere Major Andre was triedthe postand convicted.His faithful old wife survived him some timg

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 515and died at the age of ninety-five. Tiie lastone of the family, John Sheldon, died atAppleton, Wisconsin, in IS'JO, aged abouteighty.Nathaniel Martin movedto New York, in1834, settle

516 BIOGRAPEICAL REVIEW OFhas been Chairman of the Board for six terms.He is a Democrat, but was elected to thisoffice in a strong Republican township. Heis Chairman at present of the town of Vienna.Mr. Martin has 220 acres in this farm,which is a fine one, within one mile of theNorthwestern railroad depot, at Waunakee.This place he bought in 1880, for §7,000,including the present fine farm house, withMilwaukee white brick. The place was rundown, but now shows the thrift and neatnessof its thorough owner. He does mixedfarming, and keeps a tine stable of goodhorses, of all work, of which he has fifteenhead now, and as he considers hogs the mostprofitable and sure stock, he raises a goodmany of them. Mr. Martin has turned offas many as 150 head per year. He shippedas many as 110 to Chicago in 1882, or1883, which averaged 340 pounds, andbrought $2,400. He grow-s corn, oats andwheat, and also a fine croj) of hay.His dwellingand outbuildings stand on a line,dry elevation,sloping to the southeast, and this isone of the most attractive and pleasant-lookingfarm houses in the district.Mr. Martinis one of the best and most thrifty farmers,and has received but little assistance from hisparents. Socially he affiliates with I. O. t). F.;Ii. WILLIAM GEORGE RARGETER,a dentist of Stoughton, Dane county,was born in Soho, a suburb of Birmingham,England, September 22, 1859, ason of Thomas and Ellen (Durnford) Pargeter,the former a native of Oxfordshire,and the latter of Wiltshire, England. The])arent8 came to America in 1869, locatingfirst in Stoughton, Dane county, Wisconsin,but are now residents of Reno county, Kansas.They are the parents of ten children,eight of whom are now living.William G. Pargeter, the eldest child inthe family, was educated in the countryschools of this county, also worked at farmlabor until twenty years of age. Two yearslater he entered the dental office of Rol)inson& Koilock, of Madison, Wisconsin, where howas engaged in study and practice for fouryears.In 1884 he began the practice of hisprofession in Stoughton. He was marriedSeptember 22, 1885, atMilwaukee, Wisconsin,to Belle Thayer, who was born in Binghamton.New York, and reared in JMadison,Wisconsin. Mr. Pargeter is independent inhis political views, and he and his people aremembers of the Episcopal Church.^R. N. C. EVANS, a prominent physicianand druggist of Mt. Horeb, Dane^^ county, Wisconsin, is a son of ChristianEvanson, who was bornin Christiania, Norway,December 24, 1819. While in hisnative country the latter was engaged as acontractor and in the stock business. In1854 he came to America. Mr. Evansonwas married in Norway, to Rangnild NielsonBrekke, a native of that country, and whocame to America with her brother, Lars Nelson,in 1848, preceding her husband by aboutfive years.Tliey came by sailing vessel, andwere sixteen weeks on the voyage, havingbeen grounded on a rock near England, andobliged to wait for repairs. After landingin New York they came by Erie canal andthe lakes to Milwaukee, then to near Stoughton,and later to Madison, where she mether husband. The father was then witiioutmoney, having failed on account of Modum'snickel mine having shut down. His cus-

ADANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 517torners were miners ami could not meet theirobligations; l)ut by bard work the motherhad saved about §350. They first engagedin keeping a boarding-house in Madison oneyear, and then bougiit 120 acres of laiid onsection 14, Perry township, Dane county,paying ^3 per acre. Tliey lived about fouryears in a "dng-out," covered with sod, etc.,after which they ei'ected a more conimodiousresidence, in which they still reside.Mr. Evanson has added to liis original purchaseuntil he now owns 240 acres of thefinest land in the townsliip. In 1872 he wasappointed Postmaster of Forward, JJanecounty, and was also engaged in the mercantilenisiness until 1887. Althouah not apolitician, he lias been connected with townshipoffices, having served as a member ofthe 13oard of Supervisors, as Assessor andTreasurer.Mr. and Mrs. Evanson were the parents offour children: Christian, deceased, wasburied at Kochester, New York; Annette,wife of P. A. Tyvan, of Forward, Perrytownship; Niels C, our subject; and Matilda,who died at the age of three and a halfyears, and was buried in the old Peri-y cemetery,in Perry township.Niels 0. Evans, the subject of this sketch,was liorn on the old homestead in Perrytownship, July 10, 1857. His people werestrongly opposed to tjiecommon schools, andhe therefore studied the catechism and learnedwhat he could under adverse circumstancesuntil twelve years of age. He was then permittedto attend the public schools duringthe winter terms for the following four years,and then, in company with another boy,started for Postville, Green county, wherethey attended school three months. Mr.Evans returned home every Saturday, walkingthe entire distance of ten miles, and onMonday morning taking provisions to lastthe entire week. After leaving this schoolhe attended the Worthington Business Collego,at Madison, three months, after whichhe continued liis studies at home. He wasthen in delicate health, and consequently hadmuch time for study. In 1881 Mr. Evansbegan the study of medicine, under Dr. A.J. Ward, of Madison, where he remainedfrom September until the following April.He was an apt scholar, and made rapidprogress. The following fall he entered theCollege of Physicians andSurgeons, at Chicago,where he graduated in March, 1884,and then Itegan the practice of his chosenprofession at Mt. Horeb.•few years afterhis arrival here he established his drutr store,where he still continues.Dr. Evans was married September 9, 1879,to Lena C. Lewis, a native of Norway, andwhose parents now reside in Pen-y township,Dane county, Wisconsin. To this union havebeen l)orn four children: Carl Milo, NoraLydia, Belle Rosetta and Walter Clarence.The Doctor is a prominent man in his township,has held aloof from politics, but is frequentlyurged by his friends to accept positionsof trust. During the fall of the year1892 he received the nomination for memberof the Assembly, on the Democratic ticket,in the Fourth District of Dane county.Herman B. Dahle was nominated on the Republicanticket; ( ). M. Ilelland on the Prohibitionticket. Mr. Dahle and the Doctorwere born and raised almost neighbors, inthe town of Perry, this county, which madeit rather unpleasant, in a degree, to runagainst one another; but the Doctor, liavingreceived the nomination first, could not consistentlyrefuse to run, however much hedisliked to. The result of the election wasthat the Doctor received 1,805 votes, H. B.

518 BIOORAPHICAL HE VIEW OFDahle 1,420, aud O. M. Hellaud 268,—givingthe Doctor 385 plurality, and a majority of117 votes over both the other candidates.In the home town he received forty-threeRepublican votes, whereas Mr. Dahle drewonly five Democratic votes away from Dr.Evans.After his election he entered into partnershipwith Dr. C. A. Gill, of Madison. Heis the only practicing physician in the town,isa pleasant and reliable gentleman, and hasthe confidence and esteem of his fellowcitizens.lEORGE WEEKS, a successful farmerof York township, Dane county, Wisconsin,is the subject of this sketch.His grandfather, David Weeks, was a nativeof Vermont, but later removed to Jeffersonconnty, Xew York, near VVatertown, wherehe had a farm. There he died when eightytwoyears uf age. He had married in Vermontand reared tlie following children:Holland, who became the fatherof our subject;Mary married John Herbert, and hedied on the farm four miles nortii ofWatertown;Esther married W. W. Wager andlives in Xew York city; Hallie married Mr.Ferris and lives in Mishawaka, Indiana,where he was an early settler; David marriedMiss May Campbell, died in St. Lawrencecounty, New York; a brother diedwhen young and Belsoria married Moi'tonTurner, and resides at Potsdam, New York.Holland Weeks, the father of oursubject,was born in Guilford, Windham county, Vermont,in 1800, there went to school and attendedto the farm duties, as did the littleNew England boys of that day. At Watertownand Hermon, St. Lawrence county, heengaged in lumbering, farming and merchandisinguntil 1850. He married Clarissa D.Ingalls, who was born in Ellisburg. NewYork, and commenced married life in Brownville,where he became a successful businessman, but later lost much of his wealth andremoved to St. Lawrence county. Here heengaged in merchandising for a time, thentook up a farm, which was heavy timber,cleared it and burned the timber as it had nomarket value. In 1850 he started for Wisconsin,coming l)yrail and boat to Milwaukeewith wife and five children, his wife going toJefferson county as she had some brothersthere. He rented a farm and was makingmoney, but poor crops threw him back againand he removed then to Dane connty andthere rented a [ilace on section 11, where heengaged to have half the crops. There wasa log house on the place and the familymoved into it, and here he had good crops,raising wheat, barley and corn, which wasmarketed in Milwaukee, wliere it was sold toteamsters.Barloy brought twenty-eight centsand wheat about the same. Columbus wasthe nearest point where groceries couldbe obtained. Here the family lived aboutone year and then removed to a place on section15, where they lived for three years.Here was a log house, and forty acres werebroken and crops were good, but at this timethe farm was sold. He then rented a farmon section 1,remaining three years and herehad good crops, lived economically and remainedthree years. During this time hebought eighty acres in section 14, but thiswas unimproved, and with his son he thenrented the Huntington farm for three years,continuing successful.In the meantime theeighty acres were broken, a house was builtand by the time his lease on the other farmwas out he could move upon his own place.

DA2^E OOUNTY, WISCONSIN. 519He had married in Jefferson county, in1834, and six children were born: EdmundM., who married Mary Kinney, and died inSt. Croix county; George, our subject;Charles E. married three times, his presentwife having been Martha Poe, and he livesat Fairhury, Nebraska; Mary married R. W.,Rexford and Uvea in Fairbury; Charlottemarried Mr. Vose and lives in Spokane Falls,Washington; and Lewis A., deceased.The subject of this sketch was born inBrown ville, Jefferson county, New York.His youth was spent at liome and lie wentwith his parents to St. Lawrence county,where he attended sciiool and had the advantagesof an academy for one term aftercomingto Wisconsin. When lie was nineteenyears of age he Itought his time of his father,paying him $50 a year, and hired out to workon a farm at $18 a month. During twosummers he worked on the farm and attendedschool in winter, making enough topay his way, and then he bought tliree pairsof oxen. His brother had three yoke andthis made a breaking team and they wentinto the business together from $2 to $5 peracre.After coming to Wisconsin he taughtschool winters, boarding around, an experiencewhich must be endured to properly appreciate.Later he bought one-quarter ofthe eighty acres purchased by liis father. In1859 he purchased with his brotiier, CharlesE., eighty acres adjoining the tract of his father,and here our sul)ject labored hard.Heditched, fenced, improved and cropped someof it and not only succeeded in paying for it,but bought out his brother's interest in 1861.He l)uilt a little house, 14: x 22, and, on December9, 1860, he was married to MissHelen Manning from New Jersey. Until1862 lie lived with his parents and then removedto the little liome and lived there untilAugust 14, 1862, when his wife wenthome to her people and he enlisted in CompanyA, Twenty-ninth Volunteer LiEantry.That year he had an immense crop, but afterenlistment he stacked it, hired a man tothresh it and started to the front. \lti enlistedas a private, but inCamp Randall wascommissioned Second Lieutenant and wassent to Helena, Arkansas, and to Mississippi,remaining there inarching up and downHe went upthrough the swamps all winter.the White river on picket duty, but in thespring, or rather February 11, 1S63, lie wasmade First Lieutenant. The exposure of thewinter had been too severe and when the armywas around Vicksburg the physicianhis return home on sick leave.advised(_)ur subject was so loth to leave his posttliat he did not obey the surgeon until June30, and when he reached home his weightwas only ninety pounds. Li the course oftwo months he began to improve, gainedrapidly, re-enlisted in February and was commissioneda recruiting officer, and witii C. E.Wainer raised a company of 143 men in thecity of Madison in seven days. 100 menwere selected from this number and formedinto Company 1!, Thirty-sixth WisconsinVolunteer Lifantry, and then our subjectwent to the Army of the Fotomac, reachingthere on t!ie morning of the battle of SpottsylvaniaCourt House. He went into the SecondArmy corps (Flancock's), and took partin nearly all of tiie battles up to the time ofthe' surrender of Lee, during this time havinga siege of eight weeks with typhoidfever. Two days before the battle of ColdHarbor he was sent to Chapin's Farm and atthis place commanded the company and lostforty men out of his sixty. He was musteredout at Louisville,Kentucky, and he returnedhome, with twenty-live of the 100 who iiad

520 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFstarted out.On June 27, 1864, he was promotedto be Captain and took |>;ut in all thebattles of the memorable campaign of thatsummer with the exception of two.After his return he resumed farming atthe old place and has continued ever sinceengaged in the same occupation. The oldplace now contains 220 acreswith two larpebarns ami that place is rented. In 1883 hebought an improved farm ofeighty acres onsection 10, moved there and made additionalimprovements, living now at that place. Oursubject lias si,\ children: Julia, now at home;Georgie married John Slatter and lives at SunI'rairie, Wisconsin; the third child died ininfancy; Helen, Sarah, John M., and Fay V.are at home. The father of our subject diedNovember 22, 1870, but his mother surviveduntil September 15, 1883.Mr. Weeks has been prominent in thetownship, having l)een elected Supervisorwhen only twenty-four years of age. He hasrepeatedly been a member of the Board, oncewas Chairman, and a member ofthe Legislature,1877. In 1870 he was Deputy FnitedStates Marshal.In 1881-'S2 he was electedSheriff of the county and for two years waswarden of the Wisconsin Penitentiary, commencingin October, 1889. He is a Kepublicanin politics. He has always been interestedin education, having filledthe offices oftreasurer and clerk. It will be seen fromthe above inadequate sketch that our subjectsuccesses and has the esteem of the citizensof liis county, and with the majority is verypopular.HARLES KENT TENNEY, anhas been an important factor in this community.He takes a just pride in his variousattorneyof Madison, Wisconsin, was born inMadison, Wisconsin Territory, April19, 1848, a son of Horace A. and Juliett P.(Chaney) Tenney. The father served asTerritorial Printer, and later as State Comptroller,which office was afterward abolished,also as Paymaster in United States Army. Hestill resides in Madison, but the mother diedin this county iu February, 1884. They werethe parents of eight children, five sons andthree daughters.Charles K. Tenney was first given a primaryeducation in the early schools of Wisconsin,and in 1862 entered the University ofWisconsin, where he remained about fouryears. He then began the study of lawunder his uncles, II. W. and D. K. Tenney;was admitted to the baron the day he becametwenty-one years old, and in February, 1869,began the practice of law at Carthage, Missouri. He also embarked in the newspaperbusiness, starting the Carthage Patriot, whichhe soon sold to S. D. Carpenter, well knownin this county. He then resumed the practiceof law in Wisconsin, with H. M. Lewis.He held the office of City Attorney, from 1872to 1876, and in the latter year, his eyesighthaving failed, he was obliged to discontinuehis profession for about five years. For thepast seven years he has held the office ofJustice of the Peace.September 28, 1870, our subjectwas unitedinmarriage with Anna Baldwin, a nativeof Boston, Massachusetts, and a daughter ofJonathan Baldwin, also of that city. To thisunion has been born four children: CharlesH., engaged in the insurance business;William D., employed on the railroad; andtwo deceased in infancy. Mr. Teuney is aDemocrat in his political views, and has actedas Municipal Judge of Dane county.He lias

DANE COUNTY, WISCO^STN. r,21just declined to l)c candidate for CountyJudge, althougli strongly urged liy nieuibersof the bar and otlier prominent citizens.Public-spirited, capable, highly honorableand of a generous, genial disposition, he deservedlyenjoys a great degree ofpopularity.,I,;^R. IIEXRY BAIRD FAVILL, a successfulpractitioner and popularof Madison, Wisconsin, was Ijorncitizenin thiscity, August 14, 1860. He is one of threechildren : twosisters, Therese. and EleanorTenney, whose husband is a prosperous attorneyof the World's Fair city. John andLouisa (^Baird) Favill, parents of the subjectof this sketch, were natives of Herkimercounty. New York, and of Green Hay, Wisconsin,respectively. His father was a physician,and received his medical education atHarvard University. He practiced two yearsin Lake Mills, Jefferson county, this State,whence he removed, in 1848, to Madison,where he was well and favorably known for agreat many years. He died here, in December,1883, sincerely lamented by all whoknew him. The wife and mother still survives,and resides in this city, where she isthe center of a large circle of friends. Herfather, Henry S. Baird, of Green Bay, thisState, was a prominent man in the early historyof Wisconsin. He was at one time Attorney-Generalof the, then. Territory, anddid efficient work in the advancement of itsbest interests. His maternal grandmother,Elizabeth T. Baird, was a prominent ciiaracterin the early civilization of Wifconsin.She descendedinblood from the ruling chiefs of theOttawa nation, with an admixture of Frenchand Scotch, and was a great-niece of FrtsidentMonroe.Henry B. Favill, the subject of this sketch,received his early education under tin; elHidentinstruction of his worthy mother, after wiiichhe attended the high school of Madison untilhe was fifteen years of age. The followingyear he entered the State University, at whichhe graduated at the age of nineteen years.Thence he went to the Rush Medical College,Chicago, at which he graduated in 1883.He began the practice of medicine, previoustoleaving college, in the Cook County Hospital,in Chicago.On completing hisstudies, he returned toMadison, where he engaged with his fatherin the practice of medicine, which partnershipwas dissolved by the tleatli of that revered|)arent, since which time he has continuedalone. He has a general practice,devoting himself to no special branch of hisprofession. He is also special lecturer onMedical Jurisprudence in the law de|)arrmentof the Univei-sity of Wisconsin.Politicallyhe is a Republican, although he is toobusily engaged with iiis professional affairsto tal*e more than a passing interest inpolitics.He was married June 17, 1885, to SusanCleveland Blatt, an intelligent lady, and anative of Bnjoklyn, New York. They haveone child, .folin, born Setjtember 9, 188(5.Thus in the practice of a useful professionhis life is nobly passing, yielding, like mercy,a double blessing, touching both him.self andhis fellow-men with its hallowed liirht.'f/X»VS^i^E-,NDRKW KENTZLEli, the well known'^"'' P'jpi'lfi'' liveryman of Madison, isthe proprietor of the largest livery barn,located on East Doty street, and was born incanton St. Gall, Sevelen, in the village of the

BIOGRAPHICALREVIEW OFsame name on the river Rhine in Swtzerland,May 2, 1832. He had tlie misfortune tolose his mother early in life, being but sixyears old at the time of her death. Hermaiden name was Anna , wliile thename of her husband was Andrew Kentzler,Sr. The family name was formerly spelledKuntz or Kontzler, it belonging to a very oldfamily located both in Switzerland and onthe river Rhine. The father of our subjectspent his life in his native land, and diedthere when seventy years of age, about 1852.He was a carpenter by trade, and he and hisgood wife were i'rotestants in religion. Oursubject, a brother, John Ulrichand a sister,Anna, started for the United States in 1848,by boat, stage and cars to Havre de Grace,where they embarked on a sailing vessel forthe long journey across the. to them, unknownseas. Landing in New York cityafter a voyage of forty-two days they proceededto Milwaukee where they began toearn their daily bread. The brother, JohnU., is a fanner in Fond du Lac county, Wisconsin,and is married, as is the sister, Anna.One sister, Mrs. Haginan, still resides inSwitzerland.After coming to America our subject, wiiowas tl'.e youngest of the family, settled atonce in Washington county, Wisconsin, wherelie remained for two years, later spendingtwo years at Fort Atkinson, one year atWiiite Water, from which place he proceededto Madison.living since he was f(;ui't(^cnHe has earned his ownyears of age andhas now amassed a fortune of $50,000, as theresult of liis labors. During iiis entire lifehe never allowed a creditor to ask him twicefor money and at the present time no mancan say tliat Mr. Kentzler owes liim but hecan pay. During his entire life he lias beena hard worker andhe enjoys the reputationof being a man who is not afraid of work.Mr. Kentzler began life in this city in 1852as a hostler for Gilbert Dutcher in the UnitedStates Hotel.After five years with the lattergentleman, having saved his money, our subjectinvested his money in a iiorse and buggy,being trusted for what he was not able to payfor. In this humble way, with only about$225 capital, he established what was destinedto be one of the leading livery barns of thecity of Madison. 13y hard work and closeapplication to business he was soon able toadd to his small stock, increasing his stableroom as he found necessit}' for it, and finallybuilt his fine and commodious stable about1864, that he now occupies, which is themost convenient barn in the city. Sincecoming to the city he has been exclusivelyengaged in this business, and has gained anextensive knowledge of the reijuirements ofhorses during this time, and is the oldestliveryman in the entire city. In his barn hecarries the finest assortment of equipages andiiorscs in the Northwest, and i.s able to supplythe most handsome outfits. Everything inhis stables is of the best possible quality andof most modern make and design. He keepsat least twenty-five good horses in his barnbeside several good hacks.Our subject was married inMadison, Wisconsin,to Miss Jolianna Rhinhardt, born inthe province Byran, Germany, but who camealone to America when a young woman, settlingin Wisconsin, living at Kenosha andPortage a few years before she came to thiscity. She is the only member of her familythat came to this country, lier father dyingin Germany. Since her marriage she hasbeen a faitiifulwife to Mr. Kentzler, and hasproved herself a kind mother to the six cliildrenshe bore him, two of whom died in infancy.Those living are as follows : Andrewli., yet

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 52.3single and at home ;JMylo, his fatlier's foreman,married Kittie Iloak ;Anna, wife ofJohn Grindy, a successful clothier of Madisonand Gertrude, at home. Since cominghere our subjecthas taken an active part inlocal matters and has been a leader in whatpromisedto be of benefit to the city. Althoughnot an office seeker he is a verydecided Republican in politics and hasrendered his party very efficient service byhis efforts.fOHNEUSBY, a prominent farmer ofWestport, Wisconsin, is the subject ofthe present sketch. He was born inOgdensbnrg, New York, in December, 1S27,a son of Thomas Busby, a native of Ireland,who came to America and settled in Canada,an orphan of lune years. He was reared inthe family of relative,'^, and at the age offifteen started out in life for himself. Assoon as he had grown to maturity he becamepossessed of a tract of Government land andearly married Mary Pickens, who had comefrom Dublin to Ireland. They bought aclaim of fifty-one acres at the rapids of theOswegatchie river, near the St. Lawrence,where they lived some twelve years. At theend of that time they removed to Ohio. Themother was a daugliter of Walter Pickens,and was one of a family of four daughtersand two sons. Mr. and Mrs. Busby removedto Ohio from their northern farm by publicconveyance to Niagara Falls and by railroadto Buffalo, thence to Cleveland by boatand then settled in Ilillsboro township, eightmiles from the city of Cleveland. This movewas made inin.Tune, I8-tl, and the uKjtherdiedOctober, 1841, and at the same time diedan infant daughter, and before this one daughter,Isabell, had died at the age of five years.Six children survived the mother, as follows:Mary .lane, who died at the age of forty years,leaving one son; Eveline, died at the age ofthirty years;William A., a farmer and speculator,and Alexander, a farmer, who bothreside in Ohio; and our subject is the oldestof the family. The father died in Ohio atthe age of fifty-five years, leaving a farm ofIGO acres. He had married a second timeand at the time of his decease was a veryprosjjerous man, but at that time our subjectwas only renieml)ered in the will to theamount of one dollar, which he never received.When seventeen years of age, possessedpluck and energy, our subject started out intothe great world to find his fortune. Five andone-half days were spent on the lakes betweenCleveland Milwaukee, and when Mackinacwas reached the last dime left his pocketbookfor a lunch. The second day fromMilwaukee he had made eight milesofon foot,and here he met an old acquaintance fromOhio named Doyle, and one year was spentwith him, engaged in the blacksmith trade.Here he was taken ill, in June, with typhoidfever and battled with it for three months, asit was complicated with pleurisy, and ho hudbarely recovered, when he was attacked byague and was afflicted with chills from OctobertoMarch.All this sickness was hard to endure, andthe boyish heart turned toward home, buthis kind mother was not there and pride heldhim back from asking aid from his father.When he had reached his twenty-first yearhereturned to his father's house and made avisit of four days and then returned to Wisconsin.His brothers are wealthy men, havingreceived help from the father. Whentwenty-throe years of age Mr. Busby was

524 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFmarried at Madison, to Miss Ann McGlynn,a daughter of Thomas and Kate (Aegen) Mc-Glynn, of Ireland, where Mrs. IJusiiy wasborn in January, 1830. They came West toMadison at once when they reached Americafrom the old country, and at that time Mrs.Ijusby was in her seventeenth year, in 1847.They sailed from Liverpool on the Oregonand were five weeks and three days on theocean, havini^ heavy storms on the way, butMrs. Busby did not have any fear and enjoyedthe trip, having been used to the water,llerlather had been a man of moans in his owncountry, and her mother used to take thefamily of twelve children to the seashore.Nine daughters and three sons were in thisfamily, and one sou and one daughter died inthe old country, at the ages of six and tenyears. Two of the daughters married andsettled in England, and the remaining eightcame to Madison, and three dauirhters andone son are now living. The beloved motherdied in 1870 at the age of eighty-five yearsand the father four and one-half years later,and both are buried side by side in thecemetery at Madison. The father was almostninety years of age. He left an estate ofnearly 81,000 to each ofhis children.Mr. and Mrs. Bushy lived in Madison oneyear and then moved to Windsor, where heworked at the trade of blacksmith for eightyears, at which time he bought 120 acresland, 120 where they now now live andtwenty acres of marsh, three milesofwest, paying!?240 for the marsh, and 83,800 for thehome farm of 120 acres. At that time therewas a small frame house in which the fatnilylived until 1889, when they built the largeconvenient farnj house, where they now reside.They have one of the finest and tallest i>ariisin this part of the State. Their family offour children, two sons and two daughters,have been spared to them, as follows:William, who is a farmer, liviiitr on an adjoiningfarm, marriedDelia Welsh, and theyhave four sons and four daughters.the wife of MichaelKatie isFilburn, a farmer livingclose by, and they have a family of twosonsand two daughters; Charles A. is single andlives at homo on the farm; and Eva is a talentedyoung lady, who was able to take chargeof and manage a school at the age of fifteenyears, teaching ten terms. Our subject hasbeen blessed in his family and has proved agood father. He is a Republican in his politicalbelief, and the whole family are consistentmembers of the Roman Catholic religion.fA B E S^. 7^A L F O R D, one of the leadingbusiness men of Madison, Wisconsin,member of the firm of Alford Brothers,proprietors of the Alford laundry establishment,was born at Syracuse, New York,September 21, 1851, but was brought toMadison by his parents when only four yearsof age. All of his brothers, with the exceptionof one, was born in this city. Our sulijectwas educatied in the public schools of Madisonand when about twenty one he and hisbrothers Walter and Frank started in thelaundry business, whijh they have built up bytheir own industry, assisteil l)y good friends,who have patronized them. They are worthybusiness men and have established a reputationfor excellent work. The business hasgrown from a small b^inning until theynow command the best trade of the city. Thepresent location of the fii'in is at Nos. 113and 115 Carroll street, in a building recentlyerected for their own business. So large isthe business that twenty-five assistants are

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 525employed all the while to turn out the work.In addition to this enterprise tiie Itrotliershave a fine cigar establishment at No. 3 EastMain street, where their laundry office inalso located; are interested in the Winnequaline of pleasure steamers.These three brothersare live, enerofetic yi'img business men,who deserve much credit for their enterpriseand ability. Another brother, William, is alarge and successful marble and granitedealer on King street, and still anotherbrother, L. M., is in business with him. Twosisters,Mrs. A. W. Pain, now a widow, andMrs. C. E. Jenitt, whose husband is a bookkeeperfor the Fuller & Johnson ManufacturingCompan}', are residents of this city.Our suljject is the oldest son of the familyhorn to Edward A. and Rachel (Hall) Alford,natives of Gilhughan, Dorsetshire,England.The father was born, September 18, 1820, ofEnglish parentage and ancestry. He waseducateil in his native city and reared to thetrade of a mason, which he followed for sometime there. Here he married his wife whocame of an old and aristocratic family, andafter the birth of their first daughter, theyembarked on a sailer, in 1840, to the UnitedStates, landing in October of that year, andgoing from New York city to Syracuse, wherethey remained until the fall of 1855, when,as already stated, they came to Madison.the last named city the father follovyed histrade of mason until within the past eightyears, when he was appointed oue of thejanitors at the State capitol in the SupremeCourt room and the State Law Library.Although advanced in years he is active andspry and liears his seventy-two years remarkablywell, ^is is a well-known face aboutthe Capitol and he is a favorite with all forhis accommodating manners and politeness toall with whom he is broug-lit in contact.35InHe is a true Republican, but is in no senseof the word an office-seeker. Ilis wife, yetliving, retains allsi.xty-four years of age isher faculities, and althougha bright, intelligentlady with whom it is a pleasure to converse.Both tlie parents are devoted members ofthe Methodist Episcopal Church.Our subject was married in the city of Madison,toMiss Margaret S. Goodrich, a native ofMadison, where she was reared and educated.She is an intelltctnal lady of Norse parentage-Her parents came to the Unite

526 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFMrs. Brereton came on the Anu of"to America, in the fall ofLimerick,1848, and this vesselwas shipwrecked in the Gulf of St. Lawrence,colliding inthe night with an outgoingvessel. There were several passengersdrowned in trying to get on board the othercraft, but Mr. Brereton's family stuck totheir vessel, and, after eight days of awfulsuspense, were rescued by another ship. Themother of our subject liad been sick for twoweeks, but was safely moved on board thesmall boat and to the vessel tliat broughtthem to Quebec. The Ann was abandoned,and went down with all the passengers' etlbcts,except what they had on their person. Thefamily remained inCanada about four years,where the mother died in 1850, aged fiftyfiveyears, leaving six children: Hugh, Harriet,A. J., Ellen, George and Elizabeth.They buried two infant children in thiscountry, and one son, John, inIreland, at theage of twenty-one years. Ue was a promisingyoung man, and was the mainstay of thefamily. The father and six children came toWiscon-sin in the fall of 1852, via the lakesto Milwaukee, and by team to this neighborhood.There was then no railroad in theState, and they brought their own team fromCanada. After a long and tedious trip theylanded in Dane county with less than §5in cash. Mr. Brereton farmed on rentedland two years, and then bought 295 acres,with a log cabin, and thirty acrescultivated,for which they were to pay $2,050, with $200down. This farm is still in possession of thefamily, ami here the oldest brother, Hugh,died in May, 1887, aged sixty years, leavinga wife and six grown children. He wasprominent in political affairs, anil at one timerefused hi.'> name for Assemblyman. Thefather died during the first year of their residencein Dane county, and lies buried in thecemetery near his farm. His wife was buriedin Canada.Arthur J. Brereton, the subject of thissketch, was early inured to hard labor, liavingworked ont by the month in Canada, andfor which he received from $5 to $13.He remainedat home until his marriage, and in1867 he ])urchased 198 acres of the homefarm, paying $24 per acre. In 1877 headded 105 acres to his original purchase,andlater bought 140 acres for bis son Charles,where the latter still resides. Mr. Breretonisengaijed in general farming and stock-raising,and since the failure of wheat he hasgiven his attention principally to corn andoats. He has from forty to fifty head ofshorthorn cattle, about 150 head of Shroj)-shire stock, and from fifty to sixty head ofPoland China hogs. His horses are principallyClydesdale, and he has also importedfine dams from Canada.Our subject was married at the age oftwenty-two years, to Miss SarahGaiit, a nativeof Ohio, who died of consumptioneight years later, aged twenty-six years. Sheleft two sons: John and Charles. Mr. Breretonafterward returned to Canada and marriedCynthia M. Towns, a native of thatcountry, whom he had known in earlyyouth. She is a daughter of Joseph andElizabeth ((Tcntle) Towns, the former a nativeof Massachusetts, and the latter of LowerCanada. Mrs. Brereton \yas the youngest ofher mother's eight children. Her father wasthree times married, and had nineteen chil.dren. He died at the age of ninety- four years,and his last wife died at the age of sixty-fiveyears. He and Mrs. Brereton have buriedone son, Wyman W., who died at the age often years. They have four living children:Anna ^L, wife of Byrol C. Lamont, a lawyerof Aberdeen, Dakota; Hi-nry, aged twenty-

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 3i7two years; Hiram, eighteen years; andGeorire, twelve years. Anna M. grmluatec]with lionor at the Lodi High School, at theage of ^eighteen years, where she studiedboth English and Latin. Mr. Brereton hasbeen a life-long Republican, and the familyare members ofthe Methodist Church.:7r -tT 1 11 T C. W I L L I A M S, a farmer of; |/ \r I )ane county, Wisconsin, was born inl^^' Grotou, New York, March 23, 18-42,a son of Justin F. and Adaline (Allen) Williams.The father was born in Charlemont,Massachusetts, May 4, 1804, a son of Ebenezerand Elizabeth (Beckwith) Williams. EbenezerWilliams was born in Taunton, Massachusetts,September 22, 1775, and died inGrotou, New York, in March, 1853. He wasa carpenter by trade. His father, WilliamWilliams, was also born in Taunton, Massachusetts,November 11, 1749, and died Au-(riist 18, 1834. He was a soldier in the Revolutionaryand French Indian wars. Hiswife, 7iee Hebhzibah Sampson, was born August21, 1749, and died Augu.st 1, 1826. Thewife of Ebenezer Williams was ElizabethBeckwith, who was born in Charlemont, j\Iassachusetts,JVIarch26, 1782, and died in Grotou,New York, March 18, 1847. Mr. andMrs. Ebenezer Williams were the parentsten children, three of wliom still surviveand haveofreached the advanced age of eightyyears. The Williams' family are originallyfrom Wales, and are direct descendants of thecelebrated Roger Williams.Williams, the father of our subject,Justin F.followed the trade of carpenter and cabinet-makeruntil eighteen years of age, andthen engaged in wagon-making. In 1824 hewent to Groton, New York, following histrade tliere fifteen years, and next worked inCuba, that State, until 1856.latter year he had shippedPrevious to thea number of wagonsWest, which he afterward sold, thenbought fifty acres of wild land, erected adwelling, and soon went East, l)ut returnedevery year to look after his property. In1856 Mr. AVilliams sold his shop, and cameby railroad to Middleton, Wisconsin, wherehe died March 10, 1883. He lived to seeseven generations of the family.Politically,Mr. Williams affiliated with the Republicanparty, and religiously, both he and his wifewere members of the Baptist Church foi' overfifty years. He married Adaline Allen, whowas born in Chelsea, Vermont, December 14,1802, the daughter of Asaph and Lois (King)Allen. The father and mother were boi-n inVermont, in 1777, and lie died in February,1815. Asaph Allen was a soldier in theUnited States service and died at Eaton, NewYork, when on his way home on a furlouf>-h.He was a farmer by occupation. His wifedied in Cuba, New York, in 1847. Mr. andMrs. Allen had eight children, none now living.The mother of our suliject died on theold home in this county, June 30, 1876. TheAliens are direct descendants ofbrother of the celebrated Ethan Allen.Ira Allen, aWirt C. AYilliams,the subject of this sketch,remained at home until twenty-one years ofage. He taught school both before and aftermarriage, and his wife also attended his schoolduring her last term of schooling. He thenlocated on the farm where he now lives, andfor the first live months they made their homein an old house which had been used as agranary and horse barn, after which they purchasedand moved to another forty acres.Mr. Williams isengaged in general farming,but attributes his success to dairying and theraising of Jersey cows. On national issuesour subject votes with theRepublican party.

528 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFbat on local issues affiliateswith the Prohibitionparty. He was a soldier in the late war,enlisting September 22, 1864, in CompanyB, Eleventh Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry,under Captain (X Kenimick, and served untilthe close of the struijgle.lie was honorablydischarf^ed at Montgomery, June 5, 1865,after which he returned home. Ileligionsly,both Mr. and Mrs. Williams aremembers ofthe Baptist Church, and the latter is also amember of the W. C. T. U. Mr. Williamshas also been a member of the High SchoolBoard.The subject of this sketch was marriedApril 3, 1863, to Miss Charlotte E. Taylor,who was born in ]Sew Hudson, Alleganycounty. New York, April 3, 1843, a daughterof .lames and Watee (Searl) Taylor. Thefather was born September 5, 1812, in England,a son of Joseph and Constance Taylor,natives also of England.They came to Americawhen James was twenty-tive years of age,purchased land in Allegany county, NewYork, but in 1848 came to Wisconsin. Theyentered Government land in this State, wherethey remained until 1888, and in that yearremoved to Washington, where they still reside.Mr. and Mrs. Taylor were the parentsof five children, four of whom still survive.The mother of Mrs. Williams was born inNew York, September 9, 1826, a daughter ofSamuel Searl, who was born February 8,1796, and died in this State September 28,1874. His wife, nee Betsey Douglas, wasborn January 2. 1794, and also died here May10, 1868. Samuel Searl entered the war of1812, at the age of about si.xteen years, servedduring that struggle, and afterward drew apension. Mr. and Mrs. Searl were the parentsof seven children, three now living.Two sons of Mr. and Mrs. Taylor took partin the late war; Wallace, a member of CompanyB, Eleventh Wisconsin Infantry, diedduring the struggle; and Thomas E., a memberof thesame company, served during theentire war. Mr. Williams had a great uncle,who died of starvation in the old Jersey prisonship, having been found dead with apieceof brick in his mouth! Mr. and Mrs. WirtC. Williams have had seven children, viz.:Frank M., born January 12, 1864, in thiscountry, is engaged in the study of medicineatWashington, District Columbia, and is alsoa clerk in the war department: Manly li.,horn July 14, 1865, is engaged in teachinginCalifornia, where he owns an English «'alnutranch; Wallace II., and I.yman A., bornNovember 24, 1869, are engaged in teacliingin Nebraska; Wallace is principal of the Gordongraded school, and the latter isprincipalof the high school at Blair, that State; NettieM., born September 3, 1874, was educatedin the Wi.-;consin Academy at Madison, andis now at home; Mary 11., born December4, 1877; and Wirt C, born September 26,1879. The four eldest children were educatedin the normal school at Platteville,Wisconsin. The second son, Manly, was marriedJanuary 5, 1889, to Miss Josie Sanford,and has two sons: Manly S.. born NovemberlU, 1889; and Frank L., born December 18,1891. Mr. Williams has paid out over §2,500for the education of his children, but themoney was well expended, as rarely will onemeet with a more intelligent, refined andhospitable people. Our subject is well andwidely known over the Northwest, and hisJersey cows are a superior lot. He has asoft-maple grove of one acre near his house,the seeds of whii'h he planted in 1873, andfrom which he m aim fact u res annnall}' muchmort- fine syrup than his family wants foriiome use; also a considerable quantity ofsugar.

^IIILIP SCHOEN, deceased, for manym years a protniiient resident ofDANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 539Madison,*^ Wisconsin, died in Milwaukee wliilethere for treatment, July 13, 1889. He hadsettled in Madison as early as 1852, establishinghimself in the hotel business. Laterhe removed to Columbus, spending two yearsin that city and Watertown, after returninirto Madison, where he entered the bakery andrestaurant business, under the name of theCapital, City i'akery and Kestaurant. Hewas thus successfully engaired for manyyears. Although he made money in hisbusiness he found it more profitable to sellit and conducted a saloon for a few years, afterwhich he retired and lived a life of leisurefor a few years previous to his death. Mr.Schoen was born in a Rhine province inPrussia, Germany, June 24, 1824. He cameof good German stock who were noted fortheir industry and frugality. The parentsof our subject, Peter and Elisabeth Schoen,were devout members of the German CatholicChurch. They followed their sons to theUnited States, settling in Milwaukee, Wisconsin,where the wife and mother died whensixty-three years of age. After her deaththe father came to Madison and died in thiscity when seventy-si.x years of age. Oursubject was reared to manhood in his nativeplace, learning the trade of baker, and in1848 he and a brother, Charles, came to theUnited States and settled in Albany, NewYork, for a while. Later the brother wentto Owatonna, Minnesota, where he has sincethat time carried on a successful carriagemakingestalilishinent and blacksmith shop.Our subject selected Milwaukee as his nextplace of residence, and it was while living inthat city that his parents joined him.Later,in 1852 he came to Madison and continuedto reside here until his death. He was anupright, industrious and honest man, a leaderamong the German-American citizens ofMadison and one who made hosts of friendswherever he chanced to be. At the time ofhis demise he had reached his sixty-tifthyear.Our subject was married the first time inMilwaukee, Wisconsin, to Miss Annie M.Siliiernagel, born near tlio birthplace of Mr.Schoen in Germany, daughter of Jacob andCatharine (Lobuseher) Silbernagel, who werenatives of a Riiine province, Germany,where they resided until their entire familywas born. In 1851 the parents, with theirfamily of six chihlren, started for the UnitedStates, leaving the land of their nativity onthe 4th of March, taking passage on a sailingvessel from Havre de Grace. Onedaughterwas married and remained behind,but is now deceased. The family arrived inNew York city, from where they proceededup the Hudson river to Albany; thence toPutt'alo by canal and around the great lakesto Milwaukee, reaching there May 3, 1851.Here they remained for thirteen years, whenthey came to Madison, and here the parentsand grandmother lived retired until theirdeaths, the father 'lying June 11, 1872, agedsixty-seven, his wife having preceded himfive years, her demise occurring November8, 1867, when she was fifty-four years old.The paternal grandmother died April 4, 1868,aged seventy-seven years. Mr. Silbernagelwas a life-long Democrat in politics. Hewas a hardworking man all his life, andwith the assistance of his good wife hadamassed a comfortable fortune. Mrs. Schoendied in this city in 1867, August 12, whenonly thirty years of age, leaving six children,four of whom are now deceased, namely:Annie, aged twenty-seven years; Philip,aged twenty-two years; Mary, aged twenty-

j1861,530 BI06RAPBIGAI. REVIEW OFtwo. niarrie(i George Ilettrick; and Louis,aged three years. Tho^e living are: Clara,wife of Frank Ilanaclier, of iladison, asaloonkeeper; and Frank, a bookkeeper forMr. George Soelcli.a meat dealer. Our subjectwas married a second time, his choicebeing a sister of his first wife, MargaretISilbernagel, born in Germany. June 3. 1845.and was only six years of age when thefamil}' removed to America, consequentlyreceived her education in this country. Duringher life she has been a true, good wifeand mother, rearingthe six children born toher husband and herself in a truly Christianmanner. The names of these children are:Charles W., a bookkeeper for Sheasby &Smith of Madison; Theressa. wife of GeorgeHettrick, now a resident of Milwaukee;Katie M., at home; Edward G.. at presentlearning the trade of plumber with E. C.Mason and residing at home; William F., athome; and Joseph F.. at school. Mrs. Schoenand her children are, as was her husband,devout members of the Holy RedeemerCatholic Church of this city, with whichbody they have been connected for manyyears. At the time of his death Mr. Schoenleft some very valuable property in the cityof Madison, which is now owned by hisfamily.fKANCiSW. USHEli, well known inthe town of Fitchburg, Wisconsin, isthe subject of this sketch. He was bornin Herkimer. Herkimer county, New York,February 9, 1840. Ilis father, BloomtieldUsher, was born in the same place, and hisfather was a native of Ireland, although ofEnglish ancestry, who emigrated to America,settling inHerkimer, where he remained untilthe date of his death, having been bytrade a hatter. The grandmother of onr subjectwas Jane Paine Usher, a native of England,who died in Postdam. Xew York. Thefather of our subject learned the trade of hatterand conducted it in Herkimer for a time.In 1850 Mr. Bloomiield Usher movedinto Potsdam, and then entered tlie bankingbusiness, and duringthat year organized theFrontier Bank which, during the war. wasmade the First National Bank. He was itsfirst president, which office he held for manyyears, now living retired from business atthe age of seventy-eight years. The maidenname of the mother of our subject was AnnUsher, born in Ireland, who came to Americawith her parents, and has now pai^sedaway.Our subject was nine years of age whenhis parents moved to Potsdam,lie attendedschool very steadily until he was sixteenyears old and then learned the trade of millerat Little Falls, and went from there to Plattsburg.In 1S60 he operated a mill untilat which date he became a soldier inthe Union Army, enlisting in the SixteenthRegiment, New York Infantry, but beforemustering in he was transferred to CompanyF, Thirty-fourth New York Volunteers, andserved with that regiment for two years, thetime for whicli he enlisted. Some of theimportant battles in which he participatedwere Bails Bluft', Winchester, the first andsecondbattles of Fredericksburg. Fair Oaks,and he was with the army in the seven daysof retreat and was in tlie encasement at thebattle of Antietam, and second Bull Run,lie was mustered in as a private, was promotedto be Commissary Sergeant, and fromthat to be Second Lieutenant and later to beP^irstLieutenant, being honorably dischargedin August, 1803. but again enlisted. This

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 531time our brave subject entered the naval service,in February, 1864, as landsman onboard theUnited States steamer " Connecticut."He was soon appointed ship's writei-,and from that was promoted to be paymaster'ssteward, continuing thus until August,1865.Soon after tliis our subject went with acompany to Pitt county, North Carolina,who bought land and entered into cuttonplanting extensively, remaining until 1867,when he went to California, spending a fewmonths, then back to New York, and inthefollowing spring came to Dane county, Wisconsin.At this place he bought the finefarm, wherehe now makes his home on section21, and where he engages in generalfarming. Before going any farther weshould add to the war record of our subjectthat he was so unfortunate as to be capturedat Malvern Hill and was obliged to spendsix weeks at Libby prison.The marriage of Mr. Usher took place inSpring Green, Sauk county. Wisconsin, toMiss Catherine J. Eva, and six children havebeen born to Mr. and Mrs. Usher, as follows:Ann, Grace E., Bloomfield H., Francis E.,Edith J., and William. Mr. Usher is amember of the Washburn Post No. 11, G.A. R., and is a strong Republican, believingin the party he fought for so long inwar.fHOMASthe lateA. POLLEYS, a member ofone of the prominent legal firms of thecity of Madison, Wisconsin, was bornon a farm in the town of Trempealeau, Trempealeaucounty, Wisconsin, on the 31st dayof January, 1865. He was the oidy child ofThomas A. and Cordelia L. (Martin ) Polleys.His father was born in Nova Scotia aboutthe year 1840, but when about ten years ofage removed to the United States with hisparents, who took up their residence atJuneau, Dodge county, Wisconsin. HereThomas A. Polleys (the father) received agood common-school education and fittedhimself as a teacher in the common schoolsof the State, which calling he pursued forsome little time immediately before the warin La Crosse ami Trempealeau counties inWisconsin, and during this period formedan acquaintance with Cordelia L.Martin, themother of the subject of our sketch. Shewas born at Waukegan, Illinois, August 28,1841, and removed to Trempealeau, Trempealeaucounty, Wisconsin, with her parentsin 1857, coming overland a large portion ofthe way. In 1861 the father of the subjectof this sketch enlisted in the Sixth WisconsinRegiment of Infantry, one of the regimentsof the famous Iron Brigade. He waswounded at the Ijattle of Gettysburg, and inthe following winter, while at home on a furlough,was married to Cordelia L. Martin.Returning again to the service and havingre-enlisted for a second term of three years,he received a wound before Petersburg, whileserving as Color Sergeant of his regiment,and from the effects of this wouTid he died atAlexandria, Virginia, late in the month ofJune, 1864, several months before the birthof our subject, his only child. In the year1866 the mother was married to Warren C.Garwood, and resided with him in the townof Trempealeau, until his death in 1870 lefther a widow for a second time. By her secondmarriage she had one child, WilliamNewman Garwood, born April 2, 1867. Bymeans of a very scanty income from thesmall farm left by her second husband, andstillmore by her own untiring thrift and in-

532 BIOGRAFHICAL REVIEW OFdnstrj as a dressmaker ather country home,the mother supported herself and two bojs,giving to them such educationaladvantagesas her circumstances permitted.The subject of our sketch during his earlyyears attended the district school near hishome, varying his attendance, however, byserving as clerk in a little country storeowned by his grandfather and uncle, in whichwas also kept cross-roads post office. Fromthe fall of 1877 on during portions of thesucceeding three years our subject attendedthe graded schools at Galesville and Trempealeau,from the latter of which he graduatedin June, 1881. A month later he wentto Melrose, Wisconsin, where he was employedby his uncle, William II.Polleys, forseveral months. Early in April, 1882, liewent to Jamestown, in the, then, Territory ofDakota, and there stayed until November ofthat year, during which time he turned hisenergies in whatever direction he could toaccumulate the money needed with which tocarry on his further education. He workedas carpenter's assistant, at lathing, at paintingand as brick-bearer in an incipient andimost unsuccessful brick yard.Returning toWisconsin in the fall of 1882, he was engagedthe following spring as clerk in a boatstorevillageon the Mississippi river, just above theof Trempealeau, and there spent severalmonths in supplying the wants of thehungrj' crews of raft-boats plying up anddown the Mississippi.In the fall of 1883, with S125 in cash inhis possession, the net accumulations of twoyears' labor, he came to Madison and enteredthe University of Wisconsin, in the class of1887, taking the general science course duringhis freshman year. At the close of hisfirst term, when his cash capital was nearlyexhausted, his attention was drawn by a mostfortunate accident to the fact that the servicesofan amanuensis were required by ProfessorRoland Ct. Irving, then professor ofgeology in the university. Upon submittinga specimen of his penmanship Mr.Polleys was accepted by Professor Irving,and forabout two years earned with his pensuthcient money to pay his expenses, acquiringinthe meantime considerable proficiencyas a shorthand writer. In the spring of1886 he was employed by Hon. T. C. Richmond,then Chairman of the StateProhibitionCentral Committee, as stenographer, aposition which he tilled for some months.He abandoned his collegiate course at theend of his junior year, having taken onlyelective studies from the close of liis freshmanyear, and entered the law department ofthe University of Wisconsin in the fall of1886, from which he graduated in June,1888. While a law student he was engagedfor a time as stenographer by Gregory, Bird& Gregory, and then for two or three monthsacted as assistant circuit court phonographerat Janesville, Wisconsin, after whichhe wasemployed as clerk and stenographer byPinney & Sanborn, of Madison, with whomhe remained until the fall of 1889.On July 5, 1888, immediately after hisgraduation from the law school, he was marriedto Miss Louisa W. Ashby, who had formany years been a resident of Madison.Mr. and Mrs. Polleys have one child, adaughter named Marguerite, born November4, 1889.In the fall of 1889 our subject gave uphis situation with Messrs. Pinney J&Sanbornand opened a law office in the city of Madison.A few months later, in January, 1890,lie was appointed Court Commissioner forthe Circuit Court for Dane county by Hon.Robert G. Siebecker, who had himself jus

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 533been appointed circuit judge.At the beginningof July, 1890, Mr. PoUeys was takeninto the iirra of Bashford & O'Connor, thefirm name then being changed to Bashford,O'Connor & Folleys. Under this name thefirm still continues in the enjoyment of alarge and remunerativepractice.fENJAMIM CLEVELAND, asuccessfulfarmer, of Dane county, Wisconsin,was born in Crawfordcounty, Pennsylvania,December 12, 1830, a son of Josephand Deborah (Harned) Cleveland. Thefather was born in New York, February 23,1806, a son of Benjamin and Lydia Cleveland,natives of Rhode Island. They movedto New York in an early day, resided inCrawford county, Pennsylvania, a few years,later moved to Ohio, thence to Michigan,and next to Illinois. There the father diedat a very old age, and the mother afterwardwent to Iowa, where she died at the home ofher son, La Fayette. The Cleveland familycame originally froni England, and werefarmers by occupation. Joseph Cleveland,father of our subject, moved with his parentsto Pennsylvania, in1838 to Michigan, wherehe worked by the day and month severalyears, and during his residence in that Statealso cleared 800 acres of land. In September,1847, he purchased eighty acres of landin Middieton township, Dane county, Wisconsin,in 1850 traded that place for 160acres, where our subject now lives, and stilllater bought 120 acres more.This farm containedonly a small log house, where thefamily lived alrout twelve years. The fatherdied there August 28, 1854, leaving a wifeand ten children, nine now living. Themother of our subject was born in Crawfordcounty, Pennsylvania, in 1811, in whichcounty her parents lived and died. Mrs.Cleveland died at the home of herdaughter,Mrs. J. P. Lees, in Barron county, Wisconsin,February 21, 1891. One son of Mr. andMrs. Cleveland, Charles D., was a memljer ofthe Eiglith Wisconsin liegiinent, CompanyG, and died of fever during the struggle.Benjamin, the subject of this sketch, remainedat home with his mother for threeyears after the father's death, and then farmedon rented land two years. lie next j)urchaseda part of his mother's old home,erected an addition to her residence, andthe latter then made her home withhim for thirteen years. Mr. Cleveland thenbought out the eight heirs, erected a goodresidence in 1884, and is now building oneof the finest barns in the county. In hispoliticalviews he athliates with the Republicanparty, and his first presidential vote wascast for A. Lincoln.Our subject was married December 26,1858, to Miss Matilda Shower, who was bornin Mei'cer county, Pennsylvania, November10, 1837, a daughter of Daniel and HannahShower. The father was born in Unioncounty, that State, June 11, 1813, a son ofJohn and Madaline Shower, natives of thesame county. They removed to Mercercounty, Pennsylvania, late indied at a very old age.life, wliere theyDaniel, one of twelvechildren, came to Wisconsin in about 1846,settling in Cross Plains township, Danecounty, where he still resides ou the firstfarm on which he located. He was marriedin 1830, to Hannah Bowersochs, a native ofthe same county, and a daughter of Jacoband Madaline Bowersochs, who lived anddied in Union county, Pennsylvania. Mr.and Mrs. Shower now owns over 200 acres offine land, all of whicli was made from a vast

534 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFwilderness. Mr. and Mrs. Cleveland havehad ten children, namely: Esther L., marriedand has four children; Daniel E.. marriedand ha.< two children; William F. has onechild; Charles M., at home; Frances 13., married,and has one child; Alameda M., BenjaminE., Joseph R. and Ulysses ()., at home.The children are all well educated.tUZEKNESTEFHEN CHANDLER, afarmer and resident ofwas born on theDunn township,farm where he now resides,August 20, 1848. His father. DanielChandler, was born in London, England, andwas the only member of the family who settledin America, coming to this countrywhen a young man. His first location wasin Rock county, from which place he cameto Dunn, and was one of the first settlers ofthe town. He at once settled on a tract ofland that is included in the farm now ownedby the subject of this sketch, where he atonce built the log house in which our subjectwas born. At the time of his location herethere were very few settlers, and most of theland was for sale by the Government at §1.25per acre. Deer and other wild gan.e roamedat large. Mr. Chandler liegan to improvehis farm with oxen, and with them did allhis farm work and marketing. As therewere no railroads tiien, and Milwaukee wasthe nearest depot, the trip was a long one.Usually he wouM brinfr back a load of merchandise.He improved his farm, which heoccupied for many years, and then removedte Oregon, where he resided until his deathin 1885. The maiden name of his wife wasMary A. Comstock, who died June 14, 1892.She reared two children: Luzerne Stephenand Nicholas T.Our subject received his early educationin the district schools and advaticed in learningat the Academy at Albion and the highschool at Oregon. He was reared to Agriculturalpursuits and has always followedfarming. He now owns and occupies theold homestead of 160 acres, 100 of which ison section 34 of Dunn township, and the remainderon section 3, of Rutland township.He is engaged in general farming, raisinggrain, tobacco and stock, principally.Mr. Chandler was married September 2,1873, to Elizabeth Farnsworth, who was bornin the same town, daughter of Calvin andMary (Cramer) Farnsworth. (See sketch ofW. H. Farnsworth.) Mr. and Mrs. Chandlerhave one child, Arthur, who was born December13, 1875. Folitically Mr. Chandler is aRepublican, a stanch supporter of the principlesof thatparty.EORGE E. BRYANT. Postmaster ofMadison, was born in Templetou, Worcestercounty, Massachusetts, Febru-11, 1832, a son of George WashingandUnis (Norcass) Bryant, the formera native of Templeton, and the lacter ofNew Hampshire. The father was born inthe same house as our subject, and theold homestead still stands, in a perfectstate of preservation, and occupied by arelative of the family. George W. Bryant,a mercliant by occupation, died in 1862,and his wife in 1851*. They were the parentsof nine children, four boys and five girls.The grandfather of our subject participatedin the battles of Lexington, Concord andBunker Hill, and his brother, Chandler,a Captain in the army.wasGeorge E. Bryant spent his early life on

DANE COONTT, WISCONSIN. 535the farm, and first attended the commonschools. He then entered the Black liiverAcademj, at Ludlow, Vermont, and next theUniversity of Wisconsin, graduating at thelatter institution in 1853. After completinghis education he taught school in Yerniontand New Hampshire, and then read law inMassachusetts.In 1856 Mr. Bryant came toMadison, Dane county, Wisconsin, where heimmediately hegan the practice of law. Atthe breaking out of the late war he waselected Captain of Company E, known as theMadison Guards, and was the firstvolunteeroflicers in the State, and his company wasfirst to he accepted Ijy the Government. Afterthree months' service Mr. Bryant was madeColonel of the Twelfth Wisconsin Regiment,in the Army of Tennessee, where heremained until in November, 1864. In thespring of 1865 he was electedCounty Judgeof Dane county, which office he held twelveyears; served five years as Secretary of theState Agricultural Society; four years asPostmaster, under President Arthur; wasQuartermaster-General six years, under GovernorsLuddington and Smith; State Secretarytwo years; was Alderman ofMadison atthe commencement of the late war; and in1890 was a^ain appointed Postmaster, byPresident Harrison.Mr. Bryant is a Kepublicanin his political views, and served asoneof the delegates to the Republican NationalConvention for the nomination of Grant.He was united in marriage in 1858, withSusie A. Gibson, a native of Pittsfield, Massachusetts,and a daughter of Arington Gibson,who was also born in that place. To thisunion have been born three children:E., Gee E. and George H.-f^=--^HattietINDSEY S.BROWN, a successful businessman of Madison, Wisconsin, wasboi-n in Ottawa City, Ontario, Canada,April 18, 1840, a son of David and Mary A.(Rainsford) Brown, natives of Canada andRome, New York. The family trace theirancestry back to 1500, in England. Thefather was of Scotch descent, a shoemaker byoccupation, and his death occurred in 1865.The mother's people were soldiers in the Revolutionarywar, also in the war of 1812, andshe now resides at Waterloo, agedyears.eighty-sixLindsey S. Brown, the subject of thissketch, located with his parents inthe northeastpart of Dane county, Wisconsin, in 1847,and at the age of nineteen years he beganteachingschool in Dodge county, this State.In the summer of 1861 he enlisted ina companyof Eleventh Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry,served principally in Massachusetts and Arkansas,participated in the battle of Vicksburgwith General Grant, after which,on accountof ill-health, he returned home. In the fallof 1864 Mr. Brown went to California, wherehe was employed by the Overland Cou)panyuntil 1866, and in that year took up hisresidence in Madison, Wisconsin. Beforeenterino; the war he had studied medicine ashort time, which he resumed after comingto this city, and later took a special course atRush Medical College, Chicago.began practice inIn 1868 hethe rooms he now occupies,in company with Dr. Hoffman, but since1869 has continued alone. Mr. Brown makesa specialty of the eye and ear, and his practicehas extended over the entire county.June 17, 1869, he was united in marriagewith Amanda J. Newton, a native of Madison,and a daughter of J. L. W. Newton, a blacksmithby trade, and both he and his wifewere born and reared in ()liio. Our subject

536 BIOGRAPHIOAL REVIEW OFand wife have two daughters: Mary Catherineand Bertha Louise, botli at home. Theeldest daughter is a member of the seniorclass of 1892, and the youngest is also in thehigh school. Mr. Brown is Commander ofthe G. A. K. Post, No. 5, of this city; isHigh Priest of the Chapter, and has beenMaster of Madison Lodge five years.klCHARD E. TIPPLE, a well-knownresident of the town ofDnnn. was bornon the farm where he now resides,March 25, 1855. His father, John Tipple,was born near Norfolk, England, a son ofAVilliamTipple, a native of Norfolk county,and of English ancestry, as far as known.William Tipple was reared, married and spentliis wliole life in England. The maidenname of his wife was Frances Strange, alsonative of Norfolk county, where her entirelife was spent.The father of our subject, with his brotherJames and sister Maria, were the only membersof the family who came to America.The father had owned a mill in Norfolk andcarried on the business of milling there.Sailing from Liverpool, he landed in NewYork after a voyage of five weeks, and wentdirectly toBuffalo, remaining there until thene.xt spring, when he made his way to Wisconsinby way of the lakes and Milwaukee,and then settled in Dane county. At thattime there were but few inhabitants, andthere he bouirht 400 acres of land in whatnow is Fitchburg, Blooming Grove and Dunntownships. He first built a log cabin inFitchburg, in which he lived while he builta log house in Durm, where he commencedhousekeeping after marriage, and there oursubject was born. He improved hero a largeafarm, and continued on it until about 1801,when he removed to Blooming Grove, residingthere until his death, July 23, 1887.The maiden name of the mother of oursubject was Emma Roberts, and she was bornin the Lsle of Auglesea, Wales, December 11,1827. Her father, Hugh Roberts, was bornon the same Isle, and was the son of Johnand Annie (Hughes) Roberts, who was afarmer and spent his whole life on his nativeisland. The maiden name of his wife, thematernal grandmother of our subject, wasAnn Smallwood, of Caernarvonshire. Themother of our subject now resides inBloomincjGrove, and her son Huorhand daughtersMaria and Emma reside with her.As soon as our subject was large enoughto begin any work at all he began to assisthis father on the farm, attending school apart of the time each year. He resided withhis parents until he was twenty-one years ofage, and then bought the old home in Dunn,and has resided here since. At this place hehas erected a good set of bnildings, and hasotherwise improved the place.Our subject married, February 26, 1881,Martha L. Atwood, who was born in the townof Verona, Dane county, February 26, 1860,a daughter of Rufiis and Martha Atwood.They have one son, Myron II., a bright andintelligent lad. Mrs. Tipple is a member ofthe Methodist Episcopal Church, and Mr.Tipple is one of the strongest Ivepublicatis inthis section, and a very worthy citizen.R. JOSEPH HOBBINS has been identifiedwith the best interests, of not onlyMadison, but of the State of Wisconsinfor many years. He was born in the villageof Wednesburg, Staffordshire, England.

•BANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 537His father, also Joseph, was a native of thesame place, and at the age of eleven yearsentei-ed the British naval service, inwhich lieremained some years, until he was honorablydischarged. Pie then engaged in mercantilepursuits in his native town for some years,after which he retired from business, andtook a trip to the United States. He remainedin the latter country two or threeyears, and then returned to England, wherehe spent the remainder of his life. Themaiden name of the mother of our subjectwas Elizabeth Smith, a native of the sameplace as her husband, who spent her last daysin her native place. She reared five children,as follows: Syndonia, Joseph, Elizabeth,William and Mary.Our subject was liberally educated atC'oltonHall, Rugby, England, and in his sixteenthyear turned his attention to thestudyof medicine. At the age of twenty-one heentered the Royal College of Physicians andSurgeons at London, from which he graduatedin 18-1:0. He then visited the hospitalsof Dublin, Edinburgh, Brussells and Paris,and then settled down to practice in London,where he remained vintil 1841, and then cameto the United States, and settled in Brookline,Massachusetts, and practiced there tiireeyears. He then returned to London and pursuedhis practice until 1859, when he cameto the United States again and settled inMadison, Wisconsin, in which city he hassince resided. During the course of theyears he has spent in Wisconsin Dr. IJobbinshasof the State.become on of the leading physiciansIn 1855 he was requested by the Governorand Board of Regents to organize the medicaldepartment of the State University. TheDoctor has an inherent love of fruits andflowers, and is a horticulturist of no meanability. For many years he was presidentof the City Horticultural Society, and also ofthe State Horticiilral Society. In politics,he is independent, but was a stanch Unionman duriiicf the war.When Fort Randall was organized, he, actingfor the State, took charge of the sickthere, and when the rebel prisoners werelirought there he was appointed Surgeon- in-Gliarge. The Doctor served four years onthe tirstCity C\)uncil.Dr. Hobbins was married for the first timein Liverpool, England, to Miss Sarah RussellJackson, October 11, 1841. She was bornin Mendon, Massachusetts, and died in 1870.His second marriage occurred in Baltimore,Maryland. April 10, 1872, to Mary McLane,youngest daughter of the late Louis McLane,of Delaware, and sister of Hon. Robert M.McLane, Minister to France under the tirstadministration ofGrover Cleveland, and sisterof the late Mrs. General J. E. Johnston,whose husband was of national fame duriiiijthe late civil war. The Doctor had tlireedaughters by his first marriage, namely:Josephine, Alice and Helen. By his secotidmarriage he has one son, Louis. The Doctorand his estimable wife are members of tiielioman Catholic Church.MIvjjIIARLES T. JOHNSON.—Among theniany young men who have contributedby their energy and ability to the gi-owthand prosperity of Stoughton, Wisconsin, noneis more worthy of mention than the gentlemanwhose name heads this brief notice.Charles T. Johnson, doing a thriving businessin dry goods, carpets, millinery, bootsand shoes, at Stoughton, was born in PleasantSpring township, Dane county, Wisconsin,

538 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFJuly 28, 1864. His parents, Matthew andOlivia (Jolinson) Johnson, were both nativesof Norway, and came to Ame. ica in youth,the father when seventeen years of age, settlingill J anesville, Wisconsin ; and the motheratthe ai;;e of ten years, settling in Christianatownship, Dane county, the same state.Tiiefather, who had learned the trade of a merchanttailor in his native country, followedthat occupation after coming to America.He settled in Stoughton in 1850, where hecontinued his employment as a tailor, and in1875 opened a dry-goods store. He was atthe same time engaged in farming and wasthe pioneer wool and tobacco buyer ofStoughton. He carried on these several industrieswith success, beincraman of unusualability and energy, and left, at his death acomfortable inheritance to his family. Hedied January 5, 1882, lamented by all whoknew him as a man of sterling qualities andgenerous impulses.His son, the subject of this sketch, receiveda preliminary education inthe high school ofStoughton, and in 1881, entered the JjeloitCollege, at which he took a full course ofstudy.After his father's death, he assumedcharge of the dry-goods business, which hehas ever since successfully conducted, doingbusiness under the firm name of Charles T.Jolinson & Company. Besides this Mr.Johnson is also interested in the StouifhtonWagon Company, the Electric Light Companyand the United States ManufacturingComjiany, all of which are prosperous enterprisesand have yielded him profitable returns.Politically, Mr. Johnson is a Prohibitionist,strongly favoring the principles of that party.He is a useful member of the LutheranChurch of his city and is president of theYoung Men's Christian Association of thesame place.Aside from the honored name and comfortableinheritance into the possessions ofwhich Mr. Johnson entered byreason of hisfather's abilities and thrift, he has iidierentqualitieswhich alone would have gained forhim financial success and the respect of allhonorable men.-^;KV^^:t>^^^DWIN DAKIN MAIN, a residentof the village of Oregon, was l)ornNovember 3, 1847. His father, RobertP. Main, was born in Stonington, Connecticut,and his father, Rial Main, was anative of the same State. Tracing stillfarther back wo find that the great-grandfatherof our subject, named David ^[ain,was a captain the Revolutionary wai-. Thegrandfather followed the trade of ship-builderin Connecticut until 1853, then came toWisconsin, settling in Madison, where hebuilt a home and spent his last years. Hewas well educated, and wiien he was sixtyyears of age taught several terms of school.The maiden name of the grandmother of oursubject was UnicePalmer, and she was bornin Connecticut, but spent her last days inMadison.The father of our subject attended schoolvery steadily until he was seventeen yearsage, then began teaching, and at the age ofeighteen went South, where he taught schoolin several Southern States, but finallyofdriftedto Cincinnati, thence to Clinton county,where he met and married Miss Cordelia,daughter of Preserved Dakin.She was bornin Clinton county, Ohio; her ancestors wereamong those who came to this country in theMavtb'wer. Her father. Preserved Dakin, lefthis home in New York inthe year 1804, andsettled in Ohio, on a tract of land containing

DANE COVNTT, WISCONSIN. 5391,500 acres, hU in one body, which he purchasedof the Government, wliere he rereinaineduntil his death.Mr. Main continuedin Ohio until 1843, when, witli his wifeand three cliiklren, he started witli a teamand made an extended journey to BureauCounty, Illinois. Two years were spent here,but as the locality at that time seemed unhealthy,in 1845 they started again with tean]and made an overland journey to Danecounty, Wisconsin. At that time northernIllinois and Wisconsin had few settlers, andmuch of the land was still owned by theGovernment.The father of our subject located in thetown of Oregon, where heGoverninent land on sectionlog house, inselected a tract of13, there built awhich the subject of this sketchwas born. At that time there were no railroads,and all the grain had to be hauled toMilw'aukee, entailing much time and labor.He improved the farm and occupied the placeuntil 18G4, when he sold it and bought 400acres in the town of Rutland; lived thereuntil 1873, then moved to Oregon, where helived retired until his death, which tookplace in 1882. The maiden name of themother of our subject was Cordelia Dakin,who was born in Clinton county, Ohio. Herancestors were among those who readied thiscountry in the Mayflower. She still lives inOregon at the age of eighty years, and reareda family of eight children: Mary Frances,Louisa, Hattie, Martha, our subject, Anna,Alice, Robert AValter.The father was formerly a AVliig, and aRepublican from the foi'uiation of the party.He was public-spirited, and tilled variousoffices of trust, being elected to the StateLegislature in 1856.Our subject received his early education inthe district school, and this was advanced byattendance at the high school in Oregon,amiin 1873 he took charge of his father's farm.This was located in Rutland, and here heoperated until 1877, when he l\>cated on afarm of 320 acres that he still owns, on section31 in the town of Fitchburg. At thetime he purchased his large and valuablefarm located in the town of J^itchburg, withonly $1,000 to pay down, it was predictedby all that he must fail. By the untiring industryand good business ability of himself,aided by his noble wife, the entire debt waspaid off in a few years, and he now tinds himselfin a position of ease. He was engagedin general farming and stock-raising, includingthe raising of horses and Shetland ponies.In the fall of 1892 he rented his farm, andpurchased a tract of twenty-six acres in theOregon, where he now resides.village ofOur subject was married JSIovember 26,1872, to Miss Juliet Chapin, who was bornin the town of Union, Rock county, a younglady from one of tlie first families inWisconsin.Mr. and Mrs. Main are the parents offive children: Celia II., Florence E., Idell M.,Stanley D., and Lilian II.Miss Celia Main, oldest daughter of E. D.Main, having been obliged to assist herfather for that purpose, was taught at the ageof ten to ride a horse, and became anex[)ertinhorsemanship, an accomplishment of whichshe may well be proud. Her perfect horsemanshiphas made her a conspicuous figurewherever she appeared withher steeds.In his social relations Mr. Main is a memberof the Masonic lodge, of Oregon, andpolitically is a Democrat. He has alwaystaken a deep interest in all public enterprises;ishighly esteemed 1)V a wide circle of fi'iendsas a man of strict integrity and high moralcharacter.

540 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OF'HOIIYALD C. LUND, secretary ofthe Stoughton Wagon Company ofStoiigliton, Wisconsin, was born inSarpsburg, Morway, Xovember 3, 1847, a sonof H. T. and M. C. (Nikolaisou) Lund, alsonatives of that place. They caine to Americain 18G4, locating at Cambridge, Danecounty, Wisconsin, where they resiiled till1873. They then removed to Blanchardville,Wisconsin, where the father engagedin the hotel business. His death occurred in1892, and the motlier resides there yet.Thorvald C. Lund, one of five children,four sons and one daughter, receiveda collegiateeducation in Norway, and came toAmerica at the age of seventeen years. Hebegan life for himself as clerkBtoreat Beloit, Wisconsin, lateralin a dry-goodsCambridge,and in 1872 renioved to Stoughton, Wisconsin,where he commenced work as bookkeeperfor T. G. Mandt in the wagon factory.In 1883 the Stoughton Wagon Company wasorganized, Mr. Lund being elected as secretary,which position he has ever since filled.The factory is one of the largest of its kindin the Northwest, and is doing a very prosperousand paying business, the vohinu? ofthe business Jate years amounting to nearly$40U,OUO.Mr. Lund is a Republican in his politicalviews, although formerly he affiliated withthe Democratic party, and held the office ofAssistaiit and afterward Superintendent ofPublic I'roperty under Governor Taylor, butresigned this position in 1874, returning toStoughton to his old post with T. G. Mandt.The Democratic party's pronounced stand asfreetraeen honored bv histownsmen and intrusted with city offices ofmost all kinds, havinif held the office of PoliceJustice for one term. City Clerk for aterm of years, later has served the city as Aldermanin the Council, and been elected CityMayor three different times.Mr. Lund was married June 8, 1868, toMargaret Johnson, a native of Cambridcre,Wisconsin. To this union has been bornthree children: Arthur U., Mattie E.. andChristine M. The children are all l)eingeducated inthe Stoughton High School.Mr. Lund is an interprising and public-8j)irited citizen, and has a host of warmfriends.j^iENRY C. COON, a successful farmer ofCIM])^^'^^ county, Wisconsin, was born in"^16 Allegany county. New York, March1, 1835, a son of Jonathan and Martha (Colgrove)Coon, the former a native of Berlin,Rensselaer county, New York, and the latterof Charlestown, Rhode Island. They wereof English descent. The father died in1850, and the mother is still livinij at thehome of our subject, aged eighty-six years,she being the oldest American citizen nowliving in Albion township. They were theparents of two children, our subject an

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 5J1teen years he left 8cluii.il ami began work onhis father's farm of a cjiiarter section of landon sectien 29, which has been put under anexcellent state of cultivation until it rankssecond to none in the township in excellency.The father dying when he was young, Mr.Coon was early forced into the active managementof the home and farm. His eneri;ieshave been directed to general farmincrand steck-rai.sincr, inwhich he has been morethan ordinarily successful. Politically, heatiiliateswith the Republican party, has beenelected Justice of the Peace and Supervisora number of terms, and also to other lessimportant trusts. Although naturally of asocial nature, Mr. Coon has not as yet unitedin marriage. The family are members of theSeventh Day Baptist Church ofA.lbion Center.IIIAKLES ARIANS, merchant and PostiUliv*-^ ^"if'ster of North Bristol, carrying a largestock of goods and doing an extensivetrade, has managed the business alone for thepast seven years, succeeding his father in theyearl885. IIisfather,.Tohn Arians, laid outand named North Bristol, starting the storetherethirty years ago. Besides the store andpostoffice, Mr. Arians managed a cheese factoryfor six or seven years, being, in fact, all hislife a man of great industi'yand applicationto business. lie was born in Westphf^lia,Germany, in 1824, of good old German stock,his parents being highly respecteil ai^d attachedto the Fatherland so strongly that theycould not be prevailfjd upon to leave, butended their days there. John grew up atliome, where he was educated, and when ayoung man andunmarried came to the UnitedStates with other members of the family.36This was before the day of steamboats andthe ocean voyage was made in a sailitig vessel.Landing at New York our subject ])roceededto Deerfield, Wisconsin, by way ofMilwaukee, where, aftersome years of anlnouswork, he became a merchant, havingsaved up sufiicient money to l)uy a stock ofgoods. He remained at Deerfield for severalyears as a mercliant before going to NorthBristol. The senior Mr. Arian was mari-iedat Deerfield, to Julia Summerger, whowas born in Prussia, Germany, comingover to the United States when a youngwoman and settling at once at Deerfield.She is yet living, at the age of sixty-live,healthy and very active. Her married lifewas a very happy one and she was a true anddevoted wife, unselfishly seeking to lessen theburdens and cares of her kind husband.JohnArians died December 18, 1885, in the faithof the Catholic Church, of which he was alife-long member and to which his wife belongs,she being connected with tlie St. Joseph(German Catholic) ofEast I'ristol.(.)ur subject was born at Deerfield, Wisconsin,November 2,1858, and was yet quiteyoung when the family went to North Bristol.He may be said to have grown right upto his business, as he began at an eai'ly ageto assist in the store. There has come downto him from his father a measure of pluck,energy and industry that will take himbravely through the world. He is a mostworthy son of an upright father.His brothersand sisters are as follows: Flora, living athome; Eda, wife of John Helm, a carpenter,living at North Bristol; Anton, managingthe creamery for the family; Ernest, assistingCharles in the store; all but Eda livingat home. Our subject is unmarried, andhe and his brothers and sisters are Catholics.

•\/\/542 JiJOirliAfltJOAl, HEVIKW Ot:Ti^.TlLLlAM WILLARD DANIELLS,professor of eliemistry at the Uiiil'"!)^versity of Wisconsin, is a native ofMicliigan, born at West Bloomlield, Oaklandcounty, March 10, 1840.Tlie Daniells family originated in Scotland,the name formerly being McDaniells.GreatgrandfatherDaniells, a resident of westernMassachusetts, lived to a ripe old age, and,indeed, the family have been noted for longevity.The Professor's father, Nathaniel I.Daniells, was born inMassachusetts and liismother, nee Lucinda Reed, in Connecticut.They went to Michigan about 1S33 and locatedin Oakland county, subsequentlymovingto Detroit, and two years later to Clintoncounty, Michigan. Their family was composedof seven children, William W. beingthe fourth-born.His father being a farmer, Professor Daniellsspent his early life on the farm. Heattended the public schools until be waseighteen, and from that time uutil he wastwenty was a student in the Lansing Academy.He then entered the Michigan AgriculturalCollege near Lansing, where hegraduated in 1864 with the degree of B. S.In the u)eantime he had taught in the commonschools. From 1866 till 1868 he tooka special course iu chemistry at HarvardUniversity, his instructor being Dr. WolcottGibbs. 1m 1868 Mr. Daniells left the Universityto accept the chair of Agriculturethe University of Wisconsin; from 1870 to1874 was professor of Agriculture and Analyticalchemistry; 1874 to 1879, professorof Agriculture and Chemistry; and since1879 has been Professor of Chemistry. liedid the first laboratory work in the University,the laboratory then beiu" inthe main buildinif.inthe basement ofIn 1873 he received the appointment ofchemist to the State Geological Survey, andin 1880 received from Governor Smith theappointment of State Analyst. Wliile professorof Airriculture he wrote the followingpapers: " The Chemistry of Bread making;"" Some of the Relations of Science with Agriculture;""Laws of Heredity Applied tothe Improvement of Dairy Cows;" " Some ofthe Wants of American Farmers," " TheConservation of Force Applied to the Feeding,Watering and Sheltering Farm Stock,"" Hard Times,—A Cause and Remedy,"'( Objects and Methods of Social Cultivation,"" Chemical I'rinciples of Stock Feeding,"and " Health in Farmers' Homes."" A Description of the Wisconsin Tornadoof May 28, 1878," was written after a carefulstudy of the phenomena of the storm asindicated by its track of destruction acrossthe State. Before the Madison LiteraryClub he has read papersupon " The Dutiesof Education to the State " and upon " Foodsand Air."During his long and faithful connectionwith the university he has been a prominentfactor in advancing its best interests. Hismost important work has been in the buildingup the department of chemistry to itspresent state of high efficiency.For nine years Professor Daniells was amember of the State Board of Health ofWisconsin. He is now a member of theAmericanPublic Health Association, of theWisconsin Academy of Science, Art andLetters, and of the Advisory Council ofWorld's Sanitary Congress Auxiliary of theWorld's Columbian Exposition. In 1871he made a visit to Europe, being absent sevenmonths, studying during that time at Halli;and at Berlin.Professor Daniells was married in 1871,at Faribault, Minnesota, to Hontas A. Pea-

DANE COUNTY, WISVONt

544 BIOGRAPUWAL REVIEW OFand after the birth of all their children theycame to America. Being the only representatives of their family that came to thiscountry. It was the last of March or thefirst of April when the Elver family leftMecklenburg on a sailing vessel that landedthem in New York city after a voyage of sixweeks. From that city they proceeded toMilwaukee and thence to Madison with ateam belonging to Mr. Weberhusen, now deceased.They settled on section 20, Middletontownship, Dane county, where the fathertook Government land, on which he and hiswifelived until 1871, when they removed toMiddleton station, where the father died, in1887, aged eighty-six years. The motherdied ill 1883, aged seventy-five or seventysixyears. Tiiey were faithful members ofthe German Lutherao Church,and helped toorsranize and build the Middleton church ofthat denomination. Our subject is theyoungest of four children, twosons and twodaughters. The brother, Fritz, died in 1889,leaving a wife and a large family. The sister,Caroline married .lolin Lohn, Postmaster ofthe town of Elver, Vermont township; andDorothea, married James Ilarloff, a retiredfarmer ofMiddleton station.Our subject was married in Dane county,to Miss Minnie Lohff', born in Mecklenburg,Germany, who came with her parents toAmerica in 1853- They settled on a farmin Blooming Grove township, where herparents resided until their deaths, the father,Henry,

DANK COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 545parents of seven children, four now living,and one dauehter married Dr. AV. S. Wheel-Wright, who resides at Belleville, AVisconsin.A. A. Rowley, the snhject of this biography,first attended the district school at Verona,after which he spent one year at HaskellUniversity, Mazo Manie, and one yearat the State University. Yor the followingyear he was engaged in office work, then oneyear inFindlay's drugstore, and ne.xt workedon his grandfather's farm. September 27,1861, he enlisted in Company F, EleventhWisconsin Infantry, under Captain E.R.Chaseand Colonel Harris, and served seventeenmonths.Mr. Rowley was with his regimentin every skirmish until he was taken sick,spent ten weeks in the hospital at fronton,Missouri, and was discharged February 26,1862. He afterward served as Lieutenant ofthe National Guard of Midtlleton twoyears,under Captain James M. Bull. After hisdischarge from the army our subject continuedthe study of medicine until his graduationat the Rush Medical College, in 1868,after which he continued the practice of hisprofession with his father three years. Hewas then in Ashton for one and a half yearSjand next re-engaged in practice with hisfather, with whom he remained untilthe latter'sdeath.Since that time he has continuedalone. Mr. Rowley is a member of the Stateand Central Medical Societies, of the Masonicorder, and of the I. O. O. F., and of L. T.Park Post, G. A. R., of Black Earth. Hisfirstpresidential vote was cast for A. Lincoln,since which time he has always voted theRepublican ticket.April 11, 1863, our subjected was unitedin marriage with Miss Olivia W. AVlieelwright,who was born in Cattaraugus county.New York, September 30, 1843, a daughterof Jesse and Mary (Gilbert) AVheelwright.The father was born in Lincolnshire, Englaiul,August 2(5, 1816, and came to thiscountry at the age of seventeen years. Henow resides at the home of our subject. Themother of Mrs. Rowley was born in NewYork, a daughter of Mary (Jacobs) Gilbert,a native of New Jersey. The parentswere often visited by George Washington.Mrs. AViieelwright died at Middleton, Danecounty, at the age of sixty-nine years. Mr.and Mrs. Wheelwright reared a family ofthree children, allof whom are now deceasedbut the wife of our subject. Mr. and Mrs.Rowley have had four children, viz.: JesseC, born June 22, 1866, graduated at RushMedical College, of Chicago, in 1S90, and isnow a promising physician of Prairie duChien, AA'^isconsin; Edna Olivia, born January15, 1870, was educated at the WaylandUniversity and has taught three years, thelast one in the Evansville High School;AntinousG., born April 1, 1875, is attendingschool at Wayland University ; and MaryBernice, born February 25, 1885. Mrs. Rowleyand her eldest daughter are members ofthe Baptist Church.|1IARLES MoNEIL, of Dane county,AVisconsin, was born in Oneida county,New York, November 4, 1832, a sonof Miller and Rowena (Sweet) McNeil, theformer a native of Litchfield, Connecticut,and the latter of Otsego county. New York.The paternal ancestors were of Scotch-Irishdescent and the maternal progenitors camefrom Germany.Charles McNeil, thesecond of a family ofthree sons and three daughters, received hispreliminary education at a country school,which he supplemented by a complete course

546 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFat Wliitesboro (New York) Seminary.At theage of twenty-one years he left his nativeState forWisconsin, pnrchasing 320 acres ofland on sections 22 and 15, Dunkirk township,Dane connty. Since coming coining toStoughton he has been engaged in buyinglive stock, with the exception of five years,during which time he followed the grainbusiness. In 188G Mr. McNeil erected hishandsome residence, which is the finest inStoughton. He votes with the Republicanparty, and, with the exceptionof Supervisorof Dunkirk township, has never held publicoffice.Our subject was married January 1, 1862,to Helen McNeil, a native of Newark, Illinois,and a daughter of Charles McNeil^ adealer and speculator in land. They have oneson, Don C. II., born in March, 1863, is adruggist of Platte Center, Nebraska.p,ON. M ATTHEW' ANDEKSON) aprominent Statesman, progressive businessman, and successful farmer ofDane county, Wisconsin, was born in countyLondonderry, Ireland, March U,1822, and isa son of George and Jane (McKee) Anderson.The father was born in county Antrim,Ireland, July 15, 1792, and was a son ofMatthew Anderson, also a native of thatcounty. Matthew was a farmer by occupation,and died in connty Londonderry, at theage of seventy-seven years. His wife, neeSarah Wilson, also died in the latter county,aged seventy-five years. She had a brotherand an uncle who were seceder ministers, andquite prominent men. George Anderson,father of the subject of this sketch, was oneofseven children, and was reared to farming,which occupation he followed through life.In1834 he emigrated to the United States,on the ship Henry Gratton, which waswrecked at sea, and the passengers werepicked up by a schooner, which landed themin I'hiladelphia, August 1, 1834, after theyhad been seven weeks on the ocean.GeorgeAnderson went to Lancaster county, Pennsylvania,where he bought a small farm ofimproved land, on which he and his lainilyresided until 1850.In that year, he sold hisfarm for S225 an acre and removed toOhio,settling on land which his son, the subjectof this sketch, had selected for him. Onthis place of 126 acres, in Logan county, thefather died March 19, 1879, greatly lamentedby all who knew him, on account of his manyexcellent qualities of heart and mind. Themother ofthe subject of this notice was hornin county Londonderry, Ireland, May 20,1791, and was a daughter of Moses andNancy (Cousty) McKee, also natives of thatcounty. Her father was a farmer by occupationand both parents lived to a very greatage. They had four children, but as far asknown, none are now living. Mrs. GeorgeAmlerson, their daughter, having died inLogan county, Ohio, \Iarch 29, 1858. Shewasa woman of rare sensibility and intelligence,whose life was replete with good works.She and her husband reared eight children:Wilson, born December 29, 1815; David,December 18, 1818; Matthew, March 9,1822; Isabella, April 4, 1825; Sarah, January9, 1828; Nancy, January 6, 1831; MaryA., October 9, 1833; and Eliza J., August 4,1836. All were born in county Londonderry,Ireland, except the last named, who is a nativeof Lancaster county, Pennsylvania.Matthew Anderson, the subject of thissketch, was engaged at farm work until comingto the United States, when he served anapprenticeship of five and a half years at the

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 547shoemakers' trade. In 1840 lie started asmall shop of his own, which lie conducteduntil 1847, when he began the same businessin Bellefontaine, Ohio. He afterwardbegan the manufacture of shoes in that city,emjdoying from twenty tothirty men, beingthe father of the shoe business there, wherehe remained thirteen years. August 1, 18G0,he removed to the town of Cross Plains,Dane county, Wisconsin, wiiere he now resideson one of the best farms in that section,having 340 acres, all un

5 48 BIOGIiAPIIlVAL REVIEW OFMr. Anderson being one of tlie charternieu^bers of tlie cemetery association.On March 8, 1882, Mr. Anderson wasmarried to Harriet Arland, the ceremonybeing performed by Bishop Fallows, ofChicago.This lady was a native of Leicestershire,England, and a danghter of Thomasand Ann (Main) Arland, the former bornAugust 19, 1801, and the latter August 12,1804. Both parents died in Dane county,the father, October 5, 1873, and the moilier,January 24, 1872.Mrs. Anderson came tothe United States with her parents in 1846,who settled in Cross Plains township, Danecounty, Wisconsin. She graduated at theWoman's Medical College, Chicago, Illinois,in 1882, and practiced her profession in Danecounty for a time, and is a member of theWisconsin State and Central Wisconsin MedicalSocieties. Her mother was an owncousin of the Earl ofShrewsbury.Socially, Mr. Anderson is one of the oldestmembers of the 1. O. O. F., No. 72, inBellefontaine, Ohio; and of the Encampment,No. 73, at the same place, lie is amember of the Masonic order at Black Earth,and of the Chaj)ter at Madison.From a cobbler's bench and without schoolingbut thatol)tained in the old-fashioned subscriptionschoolour subject has arisen by hisown efforts to the front rank of jxijiularity,honor and esteem; and, by hard labor, judiciouseconomy and a lirst-class system ofagricultural pursuits, has amassed a fortunequite sufficient to enable him to retire severalyears ago.llis friends and neighbors, however,will not permit him to retire from thepolitical arena. Ilis irreproachable character,sound and safe business principles, unerringjudgment and keen sensibility of thebest interests

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 549Our subject was married July 4, 1847, atMadison, Wisconsiu, to Miss Amanda Ellsworth,who was born iu Canandaigua, NewYork. Iler father, Jonathan Ellsworth, wasborn inthe Empire State, and was the son ofEeuben, Ellsworth, lie spent his last yearsin Canandaigua. The maiden name of hiswife was Amanda Babcock, wlio was born inVermont, the tlaugliter of Thomas Babcock.She survived her husband many years, andcame to Wisconsin in 184C, and settled inOregon.Mr. and Mrs. Chapin are both living, andthe}' reared eight children, as follows: Anna,Thomas S., Celia A., Juliet, Emma, Fred,James and Lillian M.--^^^^^^^^^^^^^lEOKGE WILSONCUKRIEK.—Theinterested reader will find in this volumethe names of many prominent menof the State, and among them the name ofour subject deserves a fitting place. GeorgeW. Currier is known to a large circle, and isregarded as one of the leading and prominentmen of Stoughton, Dane county. liewas l)orn in Topsham, Orange county, Vermont,May 9, 1847, the eldest son of EdsonC. and Lucinda Curi-ier. The mother of Mr.Currier died September 10, 1878, but hisfather still lives at the old iiomestead. Threechildren have been born to tliem: Our subject;Charles M., now a resident of Milwaukee,Wisconsin; and Frank E., a resident ofMadison, Wisconsin.Our subject remained in his early youthand young manhood in his native county,engaging hifarming, mining and stage-driving,but at the age of nineteen, in 1860, heremoved to Manchester, New Hampshire,where he was employed inthe mills for onehalfyear. In the fall of that saine year heemigrated to Rock county, Wisconsin, wherehe was employed on a farm. In the fall of1867 he entered Albion Academy. In orderto obtain funds to carry him through school,he taught school at Oakland, Kutland andSun Prairie, and for two years taught atElgin, Minnesota, graduating from the academyin 1872. Tlie following year he waselected principal of the Stoughton schoolsand remained there fiveyears, at which timehe was appointed to a position in the Houseof Representatives at Washington, Districtof Columbia, during the Forty-third Congressand served one year. After this heserved as principal of the schools at Shawanoone year, and in the same capacity fiveyears more in Stoughton. In 1885 he resignedhis position and engaged in the insurancel)usiness. So successfully did hefulfill his duties at Washington that theWisconsin Legislature appointed him in1874 to a position that he held for twoyears.Being a good Republican, his party consideredhim the ])n>per ])er8on to till tliooffice of clerk of the court and consequentlymade iiim its nominee. He was also amember of the County Board for three years,and is now serving his fourth term as CityJustice. In 1876 he started the StoughtonCourier, ofwhich he was the editor for sometime, and then engaged iu the .same capacityon the Stougiiton Hub.Mr. Currier was married in 1874 to MissAugusta Head, of Albion, Wisconsin, whodied five weeks after marriage. Two yearslater he was married again, his second wifebeing Annette B. Bnrdick, daughter of Dr.B. Burdick, of Edgerton, Wisconsiti. Twociiildren have been born to Mr. and Mrs.Currier, namely: Louis Claire, born June

550 BIOORAPHWAL REVIEW OF18, 1878, and Zoe Lucinda, born June 26,1880. Mr. Currier is a man highly respectedin every relation of life by all who have hadany connection with him. In all of tliepositions which he has held he has acquittedhimself faitlifuUy and honorably and fullyjustified the confidence the people showed inhiiu by placing him in positions of prominence.Prof. Sterling was a native of Pennsylvania,born in Wyoming county, July 17,1810. His earliest education was such ascould be obtained in common schools, butaspirations for more liberal instruction causedhim to attend an academy at Hamilton, NewYork. At this institution, and at a similarone at Homer, inthe same State, he receivedthe necessary preparations for entering college.At this point of his life a desire tojROF. JOHN W. STERLING, a scholarW of ripe attainments, an eminent literaryman and a successful educator, was particularlynotable as having from the firstidentified himself witli the University ofAVisconsin at a time when its future lay asdeeply hidden in obscurity as did the objectivepoint of the visionary Genoese of 400years ago. By faith both undertook monumentalenterprises, and by faithboth attainedthe cherished goal of their desires. In thecase of the university, indeed before Prof.Sterling became connected with it, petitionshad been sent to the Legislature, asking forits abandonment and for a division of thefunds among denominational collegesState, and a billto tliat effect.in thewas once actually introducedSubsequently the Legislature,with a more enliglitened policy, determinedto build up, rather than to destroy, but metwith only partial success against this unaccountableopposition. The election by theBoard of Regents, on the 7th day of October,1848, of John II. Lathrop, LL. 1)., as Chancellor,and John W. Sterling, A. M., asProfessorof Mathematics, was the first actionlooking toward the organization of a facultyfor the institution, and from that day, andnotably through tlie influence and managementof Prof. Sterling, it has ever sinceprospered.study law induced him to spend two years inthe othce of Judge Woodward, at WilkesBarre, Pennsylvania, andalthough qualified,he did not enter upon the practice of thatprofession. When twenty-one years of agebis desire for broader culture and more completeeducation induced him to enter theSophomore class of the College of New Jersey,where he completed the regular courseand graduated with honor in the class of1840.In the meantime he was electedPrincipalof the AYilkes Barre Academy, and enteredupon his duties there as instructor, where hecontinued one year. He then resigned toenter upon another course of study, this timein tlie Theological Seminary at Princeton,New Jersey. Here he completed the coursein the spring of1844, during which time behad performed the duties of tutor in theCollege of New Jersey. His proficiencywas so great and his talent so manifest tliathe became a great favorite andfriend of thePrinceton professors, whose names he alwaysrevered.After this the subject of this sketchpreached in tlie Presbj'terian Church in hisnative county for one year, and was thenhonored by a call to take charge of CarrollCollege at Waukesha. This brought him totlie State of Wisconsin, and later to the city

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN 551of Madison, to fill the chair to wliich he hadbeen elected in the university.As an instructor he was conscientious,prompt, painstaking and accurate. Otherteachers could, perhaps, carry their pupilsover more ground in a given time, but nonecould instruct them better. Ilis methodsand manner of teaching had this importantcharacteristic, that they produced satisfactoryresults. Of his ability in the class-room,hundreds of students who had the benefit ofliis instruction can testify. Hut not alone asa teacher was the career of Prof. Sterlinir anhonorable one. He was in fact the actinghead of the university. The connection ofChancellor Barnard with the institution waslittle more than nominal, particularly as regardsthe actual administration of affairs, andthe burden was upon the shoulders of Prof.Sterliuir, who was during the whole timevirtually its chief officer.PVom the resignation of Dr. Bernard tothe installation of President Chadbotirne, aperiod of more than six years, he was, by theauthority of the regents, acting chancellor.He proved himself, during this period a wisecounselor, a faithful friend to the students,extending encouragement and generous aid toall who were in need, ruling the universityaffairs with a firm but kindly hand, and byprecept and example stimulating all of theclasses to higher culture and nobler manhood.Throughout all of these university years,besides the care and numerous duties connectedwith the office, he was engasred most ofthe time five hours daily in the class-room.Professor Sterling's unselfish devotion to theuniversity, through evil as well as goodreport, his faithful stewardship, whether asprofessor or as chief officer,endeared him ina peculiar way, not only to those immediatelyconnected witli the institution, but to itsfriends everywhere.Having previously acted as Dean of theFaculty he was in 18R0 continued by theregents in that office, and in 18G5 be waselected vice-chancellor and in 18G9 vicepresident,which office he held until the dateof his death, March 9, 1885. In 1861) hewas offered the presidency of a college in SanFrancisco, which he declined.For one yearafter the resignation of Pi'esident Chad bourne,he was the acting head of the university, byvirtue of his office of vice-president and againafter tlie resignation of President Twombly.In addition to the Chair ofMathematics, hefilled those of Natural Philosophy and Astronomyfrom the time the first instructionwas given in those branches down to 1874,when they were assigned to others. Whileacting chancellor, after the resignation of Dr.BeiTiard, Professor Sterlingpresided at commencementsuntil Dr. Chadbourne tookcharge, giving a brief address at each,whichare models of excellence and show the caliberand character of the man.In 1866 Professor Sterling received fromhis Alma Mater the honorary degree of Doctorof Philosophy and the same year fromLawrence University at Appleton, Wisconsin,that of Doctor of Laws, honors worthilyliestowed, not only upon an earnest and faithfulteacher, an intelli

552 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFn the manac^einent of all financial affairs,possessiii>.-"[^ON. EDWARD W. DWIGHT, an earlysettler of Dane county, was born inCatskill, Greene county. New York,April 8, 1827. His father, Benjamin W.Dwight, was born in Greenfield, Connecticut,and his father, Timothy Dwight, was formany years president of Yale College. Thefather of our subject graduated from YaleCollege and practiced medicine in New Yt)rkcity and Catskill a number of years, finallyfailing health compelled him to abandonpractice and he engaged in the hardwarebusiness. In 1855 he removed to Clinton,Oneida county, and was there elected treasurerof Hamilton College, retaining thatposition until his death in 18G0. The maidenname of the mother of our subject was SophiaStrong, born inUadley, Scott county, Massachusetts,daughter of Rev. Joseph Strong.She died in Clinton, New York, and rearedsix children, as follows:and preacher;Benjamin, a teacherTheodore, a professor of law atColumbia College: Sophia, Mary, Elizabeth,and E. AV.Our subject left home at the age of fifteen,went to Boston and engaged in thewhaling service. He embarked on theschooner Council, and made tlie principalports on the Atlantic coast and returned toBoston after an absence of one year. Hethen went to Clinton, New York, was employedon a farm, remained there until 1847,then came to the Territory of Wisconsin.His journe}' was made via the lakes to Racine,and then he secured a ride in a lumberwagon to Walnut, Wisconsin. At this time,northern Wisconsin was little inhabited, exceptby the Indians, and the southern partbut little improved. Some of the land wasstill owned by the Government. There wasno railroad, and Milwaukee andRacine werethe markets to which the people made trips

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 553witli oxen. We fomiueneed life there, workingby the montli. Land was very chenj)and he vei'y soon hought IGO acres at |8 anacre, made some improvements on the ph\ce,and then sold it and bought a forty-acretract near by.Later he sold tliatand bouo;htagain. In 1855 he went to Iowa, makingtiie journey with an ox team.Winneshiek county, where he was alie located inentering 3(30 acres of Government land,pioneer,lOOof wliicii had been improved. He only residetlhere one year and then returned toWahiut, resided tliere one year, came to Danecounty and bought a tract of military land,his present farm.There was a log house onthe place at the time and in this the familycamped for a few years. He has some improvementson his place, as he planted fruit andshade trees, and erected some good framebuildings.His improvements rank with thebest in town.He was married in May, 1847, to MissElizabeth Foote, born in Clinton, Oneichicounty, New Wirk, daughter of Joiin andMary (Love) Foote. Mr. and Mrs. Dwighthave four children, namely: Mary, Delia,Edward and Theodore.Mr. Dwight isa member of the CongregationalChurch, but his wife is a l>aptist. Formany years he lias been a leader in the Ropulilicanparty and has filled various officesof trust, and in 18()0 was elected to tlie StateLegislature, where he becanu? very prominent.He is now very wealthy and besiiles the laudbefore mentiotied he owns another tine farmof IGO acres on section2l).ROBERT BEN N ETT, one of the pioneerof Dane county, now living retired in'*'the town of Dunn, was horn in the Albany,Npw Vork, June -i, 1819. His father,William C. Bennett, was born in Stephentown,Rensselaer county. New York,(jrandfatherof our subject, also William C. Bennett,was born in Connecticut, and wentfrom there toStephenson, New York, boughtland, cngatred in farminir, and spent the ren}ainderof his days there. The father ofour subject learned the trade of a tannerand currier.He went to Albany, New Vork,a young man, and conducted the businessthere until 1821, then moved to Cobleskill,Schoharie county, and continued the businessthere until 1838, then moved to Chenangocounty, where he ])nrcliased a farm and euirairedin agricultural pursuits, and residedthere until 1818, from there he came toWisconsin and spent the remainder of hisdays in Dane county. Ho died in 1854.The maiden name of our subject's motherwas Laura Mygatt. She was born in Dutchesscounty. New York, and was the daughterof Isaac and Sarah (Smith) Mygatt.After herhusband's death she went to Albany county.New York, on a visit, and died there. Shereared two ciiildren: Egbert, and Isaac M.,who resides in Chicago.Our subject was reared and edicated inhis native State, and resided with his parentsuntil 1848. The last few years of that timehaving charge of the farm. In 1840 hemade his iirst visit to the Territory of Wisconsin,and at the ageof twenty-seven yearshe purchased a tract of land in the town ofOreirou, Wisconsin. After a short visit therehe returned tohis Eastern home, and resitiedthere until 1848, when he returned to makea permanent settlement. He purchased tenacres of land in the village of Oregon, builta home and while residing there was im|)rovingthe iirstWhen he tirsttract which he had purchased.visited Wisconsin the Ten-itorywas but sparsely settled, and much of

I554 BIOGRAPHICAL HE VIEW- OFthe laud was still owned hy the Government.Deer and other wild game were plentifni.There had been no railroad there for someyears, and crrain was drawn to Milwaukee inteams.In 1857 he purchased a tract of landon section 31 of the town of Dunn. Therewas at that time a frame house and fortyacres broken. He began at once to makefurther improvements on the place and wassoon the owner of 200 acres, with good buildings.He was married February 9, 1840, to MissMargaret Miranda Holmes. She was borninAlbany, New York, and was the daughterof John and Alma Holmes. Mrs. Bennettdied October 16, 1884. Mr. Bennett has onedaughter, Huldah C. She married Mason M.Green, and has two children, George andllattie. Mr. Bennett's only son, WilliamC, was born in 1843, and married Louisa J.Gritfen. He died in 1877, aged thirty-fouryears, leaving two sons, William C. andLouis J. Tile former was a graduate fromLake Forest University and from the Universityof Wisconsin, and is now a student ofthe Rush Medical College. Four of Mr.Jiennett's grandchildren are dead: Mary FrancesGreen died at the age of three years; EgbertLee Bennett died aged one year; MabelLouisa Bennett died when four years of age;and Wayne Griffen Bennett died at the ageof one and one-half years.Mr. Bennett was formerly a Whig and casthis first presidentialvote for William HenryHarrison. He has been a Republican sinceitsformation.;--*T',XT)nEW IIOFF, a general merchantl\ of Mt. Iloreb, was born in Gudbrans-'" ~ dalen, Norway, March 14, 1863, a sonof Hans Anderson. Both parents still residein Norway.Andrew was reared to farm lifeattended the common schools,and remainedwith his parents until thirteen years of age.He then worked for a minister for a time,and the following four years was employedin a general mercantile store. In 18S2 hecame to America, and after landing in NewYork came direct to Madi.son, where he wasengaged at farm labor for about four months.Mr. Hoff was then employed in a generalstore at Mount Iloreb two years; next attendedthe Northwestern Business College,at Madison, then purchased a sliare in thebusiness in which he is now engaged, andsubsequently, after a number of changes inpartnership, he bought the whole concern.He is still the sole proprietor of the business,and carries a full stock of general merchandise.Mr. Hoff was married in 1887. to MattieBuck, a native of this country, but of Germanparentage. Our subject is a young man ofpromise inthe business interests of the town,is genial, accommodating and trustworthy,and his knowledge of both English and Norwegianhas a brilliant prospect for the future.HOMAS ATKINS, one of the leadingfarmers of Sun Prairie, is the subjectof this brief sketch. His father,George, was born in Sussex, England, wherehe lived and died a farmer. Ilis father's namewas also George. The mother of our subjectwas a native of England, wliere she livedand died. Of the three children born to theseparents, Louisa, John and Thomas, our sub-ject, is the only one who left his native landto come toAmerica.This removal was made when oursubject

D.\NE COUNTY, WISCONSIN.was about twenty-live years of age. Hisearly lite had been spent on a farm, and hisinstriK'tion was received from his father inaddition to wliat he learned inbe attended school.the two weeksIn addition, he was wellgrounded in the catechism and Bible at aSunday-school that he walked one and onehalfmiles to reach, every Sunday, and alsolearned to write at a writing school. Whenhe started to America he embarked in a sailingvessel from London, and after a voyageof thirty-six days landed in New York. Thepassage was a pleasant and safe one, and afterlanding at Castle Garden he journeyed upthe Hudson river to Albany, thence to Madison,Madison county. New York, where heremained five years, spending the most of histime on a farm. He then went, via canal andlakes to Milwaukee, and thence to Danecounty, when he obtained a farm of 176 acres,part of which was Government land, onwhich he moved. Here he found a log houseand a blacksmith shop, the former 12x14feet. On this land he settled with a yoke ofoxen obtained in Milwaukee, and began tobreak land and make other improvements.Our subject now resides with his son, in SunPrairie on a farm.Mr. Atkins was married in New York toMary A. Futman, whose father removed toMississippi and therelived and died a farmer.Mrs. Atkins died in January, 1891, in SunPrairie.She bore her husband the followingchildren: DeWitt, Ella, John, deceased; andCharlie, Libbie and Emma, married; andGeorge a single man. Charlie has two boysjand it is with this son tliat our subject makeshis homes in his declining years. The farmis a good one, and as the father helpedCharlie gain it, the son is only too glad tohave his father with liim.Mr. Atkins has ahouse and lot in Sun Prairie, but it is toolonesome for him to live alone since the deathof his faithful wife.Mr. Atkins was converted in 184^, in NewYork, and has continued a devout, devotedChristian ever since. He has spent a largeportion of his time exhorting and takes agreat interest in the salvation of souls.His only desire now is to devote thebalance of his life to the salvation of men'ssouls, to which end he spends all of his timein church work, inwhich he has always beeninterested. While his wife lived he had afaithful fellow-worker, as she too was interestedin the same good work. Mr. Atkinsisnow connected with the Methodist EpiscopalChnrch ofSun Prairie.Mr. Atkins has always been a hard workerand aided his children in obtaining a start-inlife. Although greatly interested in churchwork, he is ready and willing to go when theLord calls. He is a Class Leader and SundayschoolSuperintendent, and embraces everyopportunity to do good.|TIS BAKER, a farmer, stock and tobaccoraiser of section 10, Bristol township,Dane county, is a son of EphraimBaker. The latter's father, HoUister Baker,was reared on a farm in Ilawley township,Franklin county, Massachusetts, and lived tothe age of eighty-six years. He was thefather of eleven children; Horace, Harvev,Hollister, Ephraim and Noah, deceased; Roswell:€51iarles,deceased; Rebecca.Ephraim liaker was born in Hawley township,Franklin county, Massachusetts, November,7, 1807, received an ordinary education,and remained at home until twentytwoyears of age. He then bought a farm oflOQ qcros, in bis native State, later added

;died156 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFforty acres in another place, and after improvinghis land sold out and came to Wisconsin.He first rented land in Koshkononij;,where he remained from March until the followingSeptember, but duringthat time hadpaid a visit to Dane county, and bought atract of Government land. Tn the spring of1815 he settled on section 10, this county,erected a small frame house, which is stillst:mding, and at that time his nearest neighborwas four miles distant. The followingsummer he built an addition to his residence,30 X 18 feet, which now comprises a part ofthe home of his son, Otis.Mr. Baker was astrong, robust man, and frequently made thejourney to Milwaukee on foot, to buy horses.At the time of his death he owned about 500acres of land. lie departed this life November9, 1888, and was buried on lii.s own land. Mr.Baker was married January 21, 1830, atHawley, Massachusetts, by lie v. John Grout,to Roana B. Ilawkes, who died February 18,1832. They had one son, William, of Verndale,Minnesota.January 12, 1834, the fathermarried Fannie M. Ilawkes, a .-sister of histortner wife, and they had the following children,viz.: Rowena, deceased; Otis, our subject;Washburn, deceased, and his widow nowresides in Miimesota; Margaret, wife of C.D. Stiles, of Columbus, Wisconsin; Harriet,deceased; Ephraim, deceased; Charles, ofMadison, Wisconsin; Ereda Ann, deceased;Ann Maria, deceased. The mother diedMiirch 2. 184:9, and May 23, same year, Mr.Baker married Harriet Rice. To this unionwas borne one child, Ereda B., deceased.Otis Baker, the second child ofthe secondmarriage, was born in Franklin county, .Massachusetts,August 12, 1836. Ue remainedin the home farm unti two years after hismarriaiTC, in 18G2, then purchased a placeand remained in Windsor township, from May4 to September 4, when he sold the land tothe man he had purchased it from, making§1,000 in the transaction. He ne.\t purchasedand moved to the farm of eighty acres,known as the Nathan Dodge place, but twoyears later sold out and returned to the oldhomestead, paying $1,000 annually for theuse of the place. After one year, in 1868,Mr. Baker bought 160 acres in Floyd county,Iowa, remained in the village of Floyd threeyears, engaged in the stock and livery businessat Parkersburg, Albion township, Butlercounty, thirteen years; was a travelingsalesman one year; and then returned to theold home to take care of his father, who diedabout three years later. Mr. Baker now hascharge of the entire farm of 110 acres.with the Republican party.Politically,he affiliatesHe was first married September 16, 1862,to Harriett Crowell, who died March 21,1884. December 28, 18S5, ho was unitedin marriage with Nina Yonke, and they hadtwo children: Harriett Mina, born November9, 1887; Frederick Otis, born March 4,1889, died May 13, same year. The motherOctober 22. 1889, and March 18, 1890,in Madison, Wisconsin, Mr. Baker marriedMrs. Maria L. Hacker, nee Brown. She wasborn in Cottage Grove township, this State,was educated in Madi.^on, and was engagedas a teacher for some time, both before andafter marriage. Her grandfather, RoswellBrown, settled in Cottage Grove township,Dane county, in 1841, and was one of thefirst six to make a settlement in that township.He acquired large land interests, andremained there until his death, which occurredat the age of seventy-one years.Hiswife, nee Emma M. Smith, was born in Ohio,a daughter of Church Smith, a prominentman of that State. She is a sister of Mrs.Simeon Mills, of Madison.Mrs. Brown sur-

vived \wr hiisbiuid many jears, dyiui; at anold aire in Cottage Grove townsliip.DjXNE COUNTT, WISCONSIN.Mr. andMrs. Brown were members of the BaptistChnrcii. Tiieywere the parents of threechildren, of whom Orvan, the father of Mrs.Baker was the eldest child and the only son.The two daughters, Mrs. A. 11. Harris andMrs. Caroline Hainnn.)nd reside in CottageGrove township. Orvan Brown was quiteyoung when he came with his parents to Wisconsin,lie was married in Sun Prairietownship, Dane county, to Clarinda A.Baikiy, a native of New York, andwho settied in the above township with her parentsin a!)out 1846. She was the daushter ofSamuel and Almira (Bisby) Baily, early settlersof Sun Prairie township. Both arenow deceased, the mother living to the ageof over ninety years. After marriage Mr.and Mrs. Brown began life on a farm, wherethey remained many years, although thefather is now spending his last years quietlyin Sun Prairie township. He has been twicemarried and is now a widower. He and hisfirst wife were meml)er8 of the BaptistChurch. Mrs. Haker was the eldest of alarge family of children, of whom four sonsand one daughter are still living. By herformer husband she had five children: HarryC, Archie L., Elfleda, Mary M. and BarbaryA. Our subject and wife have one daughter,Margaret.(EORGE JOHNSTON, the head cookAV&'" flit' Wisconsin State Asylum for theInsane, was born in Black Rock, NewYork, in 1854, a son of Andrew Johnston,who was born in Edinburg, Scotland, in 1822.His father, George Johnston, was a native ofthe same place, and died there at the age of37sixty-five years. He was highly educated, agreat worker in the temperance reform ofthe second Athens of the world, and establishedsome of the first coffee-houses, there.He reared four sons and two daughters,giving each a good education. Andrew Johnstonis a graduate of St. Andrew's College;then he leai-ned the trade of baker and confectioner.He was married in Edinburfr, toElizabeth Cormack, a native of that city, andsoon afterward they came by sail vessel to.xVmerica. After landing in New York hewent immediately to Buffalo, where heiworked in a hotel for a time, and later followedthe same occupation at Niagara Ealls.He has been in many parts of the UnitedStates, and is well known in his profession,from Manitoba to New Orleans. For thepast ten years Mr. Johnston has been engj^ge^as cook in a hotel in Evansville, Indiana.He and his wife have two living children,George, our subject; and Daniel, an electricenirineer in Chicago. Four of their childrendied inearly childhood.George Johnston, the subject of thissketch, came to the State Asylum for tlieInsane in the fall of 1872, at the atre ofeighteen years, as an attendant; was thenemployed as farm attendant some j'ears,nextas a, butcl^er, and then was promoted to theposition of head cook. After marriage hepurchased eighteen acres of land near theasylun^ for itisane one mile east of theasylum, for which he paid §850, erected agood bi"ick dwelling, at a cost of $1,200, andhe has ^dded to his original purchase fromtime to time, until he now owns seventy-fiveacres. Mr. ffohnston was married September1, 1875, to Jennie McCrystal, a daughter ofA. M. McCrystal, who settled in this countyabout forty years ago.Mrs. Johnston was anattendant at the asylum when she met her

558 BICGRAPHICAL REVIEW OPhusband.Our subject and wife liave had fivechildren, four now living: Andrew, agedsixteen years, is in tlie preparatory departmentof Mrs. Kichinoud's school; George,aged fourteen years; Grace, thirteen years;and Daniel, nine years. The family are membersof the Presbyterian Church.IJfSON.;;fft]^UAVID STEPHENS, contractorii'id builder, proprieter of the Madison^.'1 Stone Quarry and the Bellaire P)rickaud Tile Works was born inKincardineshire,Scotland, July 20, 1838, and was the son ofJohn Stephens, and grandson of AndrewStephens, who both were born in the sameshire, all being Scotch. The father of ourBHl)ject was reared to agricultural pursuitsand removed to Aberdeenshire about 1857,where he engaged in farming and is stillliving at the age of seventy-six. The maidenname of the mother of our subject was marionScott, who was born in Kincardineshire, adaut^hter of Alexander and Anna (Balfour)Scott, both native of Kincardineshire, wherethey spent their entire lives. The mother ofour subject is still living, aged seventy-liveyears. They reared four children; David,Jean, Joseph ami James.Our subject was reared and educated inhis native land and while still young wont toEngland, remaining until 1863, when he wentto the East Indies.At that time the railroadwas being liuilt from IS'agpore to Bombayand he was superintendent in the constructiondepartment and remained in that faroffland until 1807, when he returned toScotland and remained one year, in 1868coming to America. He crossed the ocean inthe steamship Caledonia and upon landingat New Vork came directly to Madison,where he was employed by theGovernmentas superintendent of the construction of theUnited States Customllouse and post officeand had charge of the work until the buildingwas completed. He then formed a partnershipwith W. T. Fish and commenced businessas a contractor and builder, this partnershiplasting until 1874, since which time he hasbeen alone.Among the many buildingsconstructed we mention thewhich he hasfollowing whichwill be mementoes of him long after he haspassed away, Dane County courthouse;Jefterson County courthouse; the courthouseat Appleton; part of the asylum atOshkosh; the insane asylum at Elgin,Illinois; the public school building at AlbertLea, Minnesota; the normal school at WhiteWater, Wisconsin; the Ladies' Hall andScience Hall of the University of Wisconsin;the Female (College; the P'ifthWard school; the First National Bankbuilding and many other public buildings ofnote, besides some of the finest residences.In addition to this he has l)een engaged inthe manufacture of brick for many years,and in 1870 he opened the Madison StoneQuarry, which he has operated ever since,getting out building material and crushedstone. He has a stone-crusher at the (piarrv,which has a capacity of 150 cubic yards perday. From 1880 to 1884 he was interested withChicago parties operating a granite quarryat Waterloo, Wisconsin, from which were8hip[)ed daily large quantities of pavingblocks and crushed granite to Chicago.On .hiiie 21, 1870, our siiliject marriedMiss Isabella R. Herd, who was born at St.Cyrus, Kincardineshire, Scotland. Her fatiier,George Herd, was born at the same place,and her grandfather, David Herd, was anative of Scotland and was for some years a

DANE COUNTY, WISCOISSIN.soldier in the British army, iifihtiiig underWellington at the battle of Waterloo andwas a pensioner dnrincr his last years, whichwere spent at St. Cyrus. The father of Mrs.Stephens was a farmer and a number of years,ago went out to Australia, where he stillresides, and engaged extensively in sheepraising.The maiden name of the mother ofMrs. Stephens was Margaret Robert, born inXincardinesliire, a daughter of David andIsabella (Taylor) Roberts.Roliert Taylor, thefather of the latter, was also a native ofScotland, a soldier inthe British army underWellington at the battle of Waterloo anddrew a pension during his last years.Mr. and Mrs. Stephens have a family offive children: Isabelle, Arthur, Jessie, Ciiarlesand Jean, another, Lucy, having died ininfancy. They are members of the PresbyterianChurch and Mr. Stephens belonged totlie Masonic lodge, in his native country,and now atHliates witli Hiram Lodge, No. 50,having been a Mason since 18(37.Politicallyhe is a Republican, has been Supervisor ofhis town several times, and was elected tothe State Legislature in 1888.CDfOIINA. BOWMAN, deceased. Duringlife our subject was a man of more thanthe average intelligence, ability andbusiness acumen, a graduate of the UnionCollege and a successful practitioner at thebar. He was born in New York, and in thatState entered Union College at Schenectady,New Vork, and he was later admittedto practice law in the State. Thiscontinued until failing health caused hiswithdrawal from that profession aud inducedhim to go into the manufacture of reapers atBrockport, N"ew York. This firm was apioneer firm in the business, and from hisfactory the McComas reaper was first turnedout. lie Ijecame a successful business manand here made a fortune. Li 1864 he retiredfrom active business and came to thebeautiful city of Madison, to spend hislast days, becoming prominent here inlocal aud social life, and held many of theoffices of the city, being an Aldermanfor some time. He was always interestedin educational matters, and was anactive member of a society which had beenfounded in Union College. In religion hewas a Presbyterian, always liberal to higchurch; in politics, a Democrat, earnestlybe right.advocating what he knew toThe father of our subject, lion. John Bowman,was born in Pennsylvania, ami becamea prominent citizen ofNew York, where heserved the people as Senator and Canal Commissionerof the Erie Canal; was ProbateJudge and a contemporary of such men asSilas AYright. < >ne of his warm personalfriends was ex-Presideut James I'.nchanan,and his last years were passed at Brockport,New York, where he was respected and belovedfor his many admirable traitsof cliaracter.Our subject came to Madison while yet abachelor and here married Mrs. Rose M.(Smith) Donnell. She was born in Massachusetts,educated at Westford and WestminsterAcademy, and was the accomplisheddaughtor of George and Betsey (Richardson)Smith, native of Massachusetts, who wereconnected with the distinguished familiesHaywood and of Commodore Perry. Mr.aud Mrs. Smith died when well on in years,having lived honored, useful lives.ofThe maternalgrandfather of Mrs. Bowman was aColonel under General Washington in theRevolutionary war, and had the houor ofbe-

560 BIOORAPUIGAL REVIEW OFing born on the same day of tlie year and thesame year as was the Father of liis Country.The whole family were prominent in the histoidof the colonies, taking important partsin the settlement of Massachusetts and inMrs. Bowmanthe subduing of the Indians.came to Ohio when a yonng lady and whilethere was married to Samuel U. Donnell,who was a native of Pennsylvania, grew uphere and was educated in Williamsport, wherehe became an architect. In 1849 he went toCalifornia by way of the Isthmus and therecarried on a mercantile trade for some threeyears, returning to take chari;e and to superintenilin Ohio.the building of a railroad and stationsAfter he came West his work as anarchitect made him prominent, as he was thedesigner of the Wisconsin State House, theMadison City Hall and the building which isnow the Orphans' Home, but which wasformerly the mansion of (Tovernor Farwell.Other public and private buildings attest hisskill. He died at the early age of thirty-seven,having been a successful business man.Thebeautiful liome which he built in this city,overlooking lake Monona, is occupied by hiswidow, now Mrs. I'owman. He left twochildren, Minnie and Dumont, but Mrs.Jiowman was bereft of both of them, theyhaving died the same year as did their father.Mrs. Bowman is a lady of great cultureand refinement and adorns her beautifulhome. She is the mother of four livinjx children,one daughter, Rose having died in infancy.Her son, John H., is a member oftiie firm of Dodd & Bowman, attorneys ofSt. I'aul. He is a brilliant young man, whowas educated at the Wisconsin Universityand at Harvard. Frank resides at home, astudent of the university; and Elizabeth isat home, graduating at thecity high school.For some years before his demise, Mr.Bowman had been living retired from publiclife. His lamented death occurred at Madison,February 5, 1882, in the seventy-fourthyear of his age, at which time he passedaway full of years and honors.HOMAS A. EVERILL, editor and proprietorof the V"erona Inquirer, wasborn in Stafibrd shire, England, July 6,1855, a son of Abraham and Estiier (Cole)Everill. The family came to the UnitedStates in 1S71, and settled at Mount Vernonon a farm. The mother of our subject diedin1872, but the father of our subject residesnow in Mount Vernon.Mr. Everill, Sr., wasengaged in business as a merchant in Englaiuland became very well to do.Thomas A. was the only child nfthe marriagewho grew to maturity. He had goodschool advantages in England and also attendedschool after coming to Wisconsin.For some time after coming to this country,lie remained with his parents, but finally decidedto learn a trade and selected that ofwagon-maker, and pursued this for eightyears. April 10, 1S91, he founded the WeeklyIndependent at Mount Vernon, where he editedthe paper, although the mechanical part of itwas doneat Mount Horeb.Tliis he continueduntil Fei)ruary 19, 1892, when he purchaseda printing press and outfit ami changed thename of the paper to the Mount Vernon Enterprise.August 5, 1893, he removetl toVerona, where he founded the Verona Inquirer.At this pleasiint little town he nowresides and continues the publication of theEnterprise at Mount Vernon and the Inquirerat Verona, and has the mechanical work doneat home. The Inquirer is a seven-columnfolio, devoted tothe interests of Verotn ati^

DANE COUNTY, WltiCONSIN. 661vicinity and is a paper that appears to behijfhly appreciated by the citizens.He is a member of the ]5aptist ('hurcli, inwhich lie is very prominent, takiiifj; a ij^reatinterest in the cause of temperance, and alleducational enterprises. He is also a memberof the I. (). G. T. and renders ethcient andto the cause by his work in the lod^e. Althougha young man he is very enterprisingand has a promising career before hitn.|ILS FREDRICKSON, a member of theP/f firm of N. Fredrickson & Son, owuersof a planing-milland e.xtensive dealersin lumber, also contractors and builders, isthe gentleman of whom this sketch is written.The business was started under the jiresentfirm titlefour years ago, being the outgrowthof a business run under different firm titlesfor some years. They are well located anddo a thriving business and give employmenton an average to forty men. Their trade islocal and isincreasing evei-y year.The subject of this sketch was born in Denmark,May 10, 1822, inthe city of 8tagelse.His birth was of poor, but respectal)le people,who lived a laborious life in their nativecountry. The first member of the family tocome to America was Peter, a brother of oursubject. He is now a successful farmer inSouth Dakota. Two years later Nils decidedhe would follow the example of Peter, andcame to New York in April, 1833. He hadlearned his trade in Denmark and had no difficultyinonthese shores.finding eiuploynient after he landedIn 1857 he came to Madison and began ina small way. He was young and poor, buthe had spirit and energy and combined thesewith industry lie soon became well enoughknown to gain the confidence of the people.His first mill was run by horse power and ina small way liestarted into building and contractingand soon found his i)usiiiesspushinghim and making necessary more extendedfacilities. The mill which tiie firm owns isa large one and able to accommodate a greatamount of lumber.Owing to failing health our sul)jec.t has inlate years been obliged to withdraw somewhatfrom active labor. Ho is a good and wellknowncitizen and is highly regarded by all.In his political views, Mr. Fredi-ickson is allepublican and believes that party best representshis ideas of good government. Bothhe and his good wife are members of thePresbyterian ('liurch.Mrs. Fredrickson wasborn in Denmark and her maiden name wasEmma Peterson and she was born and reareda neighbor to her husband. Immediatelyafter marriage the brave young couple startedout into the world and upon the long journeyinto the unknown country acToss the seas.The voyage was made ujxin a sailing vesselout from Copenhagen and for six weeks theyoung Danish adventurer and his bride wereat the mercy of wind and wave.Four yearswere spent in New York city, and then thefamily located in Wisconsin. They are theparents of four children: Albert D., who isthe manager of his father's business; Johnv., is the bookkeeper of the business; Edwardassists his brother; and Dora M., is at home.wCLELLAND DODGE, a prominentbusiness man (.)f the city of Madison,is the subject of this sketch. Hewas born in Madison county, Wisconsin,June 20, 1862, a son of Hiram and Annette(Newell) Dodge. The father was a native of

-563 BIOGRAPHICAL BEVIEW OFthe State of Vermont and his mother of NewYork.The father was by occupation a dealerin coal and grain, and for tliirty yearsbusiness man of this city.was aThere were sevenchildren in the family of the father of oursubject and McClelland is the youngest of all:Anna A., married B. F. Buch and resides inSpokane Falls, Washington; Xewell H., is acoal dealer in Madison; Harriet, is at home;Hiram, E., lives in St. Louis; P'lorence A.,married (-reorge Tenney, of Beaver Dam, andWalter I., who is a traveling salesman andlives in Madison.Our subject received his education in thepublic schools of Madison and in 1880 heentered the university and took a course inengineering, graduating in 1884. For twoyears he was engaged with his father in hisbusiness but in1887 his talents as an engineerwere recognized and he was given theappointment as City Engineer, which office hehas held ever since. In the fall of 1890 oursubject was elected to the office of CountySurveyor and is again a candidate. He is aDemocrat in his politics, but was elected awayahead of his ticket at the last election.The marriage of our subject took placeFebruary 11, 1886, to Miss Lizzie Only, ofMadison, Wisconsin.She was born in Claytoncounty, Iowa, July 3, 18G5. For thepast three years our subject has been a memberof the Drainage Board of Dane county,also Drainage Commissioner and Engineer ofthe county.fAMESDOIIIi, a wagon-maker of Middleton,Dane county, was born in Mecklenburg,Germany, August 14,of Charles and Lena (Lenunel)1823, a sonDohr, nativesalso of that place. The father, a wagonmaker by trade, was a son of Charles Dohr,also a native of Germany. The latter tookpart in the German war, and died at a veryold age.The mother of our subject came toAmerica about 1860, and died in Middleton,Wisconsin, at the age of sixty-five years.They were the parents of six children, twoof whom stillsurvive.James Dohr, the subject of this sketch beganlearning the wagon-maker's trade attheage of fouiteen years, and has continued thatoccupation through life. After marriage hecame immediately to the United States, onthe sail vessel, Helena Sloman, landing inNew York after a voyage of twenty-threedays. Three days afterward he came toWisconsin, spent one year inMilwaukee, andthen came to where he now lives. Duringthe tirst summer he worked by the day, andthen purchased forty acres of land in Danecounty,where, in addition to his farming hehas also followed his trade. In his politicalviews, Mr. Dohr votes with the Democraticparty, and his tirst presidential vote was castfor Buchanan. He has served as Treasurerof the Township Board two terms, as Supervisortwo termsand a member of the SchoolBoard twenty-four years. Socially, he is amember of the Masonic lodge, No. 183.In the spring of 1S49 our sul)ject wasunited in marriage with Miss AlbertenaFiller, who was born in Leipzig, Germany,April 29, 1829, a daughter of Jacob andAmelia Filler, also natives of that country.The parents came to the United States in1855. locating in this countv, where thefather died, at the age of seventy years, andthe mother, at sixty-seven years. They werethe parents of two children, only one nowliving. Mr. and Mrs Dohr have had elevencliildren, eight of whom are still living:Louis, married and has two children; Amelia,

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 563married and has five children; Artiiiir;Theodore, married and lias one child; (Teortre:Charles; William, and Hugo engaged in theshop with his father. The family are membersof the Lutheran Church.,IRAM G. DODGE, a retiredInisiness man of Madison, Wisconsin,is now enjoying the fruit of years ofhard labor in- his pleasant home, at No. 101Butler street. Mr. Dodge has been a residentof Madison since 1850, when he engagedin business as a general merchant,continuing until 1863. During this timehe also established a lum])ei' and (jrain businessand was active in the latter business fortwenty-five years, dealing to some extent inthe former and house supplies, continuing inthe same until his retirement some lewyearsago, when his business was taken by his sons,who are now extensive lumber, grain and coaldealers. He has never sought for office, buthas always been a decided Democrat, publicspiritedin all that contributed to the welfareof tlie city. Success has attended hiseftbrts and he is now the owner of somevery valuable property in Madison, whilehis brick house is one of the old landmarksof North Butler street.Mr. Dodge was born inNew Hampshire,at Claremont, June 17, 1815, coming of oldNew England stock.- The family came tothe colonies in the days of the Pilgrims, in1627. Our subject was only two years ofage when his parents removed to the townshipof Willsborough, Essex county. New York,where he grew to manhood, receiving hiseducation in the common schools. Here hisparents, Peter and Rebecca (Pettit) Dodgeli\-cd and ili(Ml. The former was a native ofNew Hampshire, where his father, AaronDodge, had moved from Massachusetts, beinga farmer of New England. He died inNew Hampshire when an old man, leaving alarge family, of whom Peter Dodge was theyoungest. After the marriage of the latterhe moved to New York, where he was engagedas a millwright, which trade he pursuedin addition to caring for his large landinterests until his death, when he had reachedthe age of eighty years. One brother, John,by name, nearly reached his hundredtii birthday.The mother of our subject was bornin Claremont, New Hampshire, and alsocame of an old Nevv England family. Shedied when about forty-five years of age,after rearing a family of seven sons and twodaughters, of whom our subject was thefourth child and son, and the only one of thenine cliildren now living. He remained inthe Empire State untilhe came to manhood'sestate, when he was married in Newport, toMiss Annette Newell, born in the county seatof Essex county, where she was reared andeducated.Like her husband, her family is agood old New England one, who aided inthe upbuilding of the infant nation. She isyet living and is a lady of great charm ofmanner, who lias friends on every side, butwhose physical health at present is not verygood, although her mental faculties are exceptionallystrong. She is the mother offour sons and three daughters yet living,namely: Annette E., wife of E. Buck, ofSpokane Falls, Washington; Newell A., acoal and lumber dealer of this city; HiramC, a lumber, coal and wood dealer of thiscity;Harriet E., at home; Walter L, a commercialtraveler;and McCellaiid the presentCounty and City Surveyor and Civil Engineer.All of the sons are married.Mrs. Dodge isa inemher of the Methodist Episcopal Church,

564 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFwith which she has been connected for thepast forty years. She comes of a familywhose history is a prominent one. Her failicr,r. Newell, was for years a prominentcitizen of New York, a merchant and irondealer, and a soldier in the war of 1812.Heparticipated in the battle of Plattslmrtr andother notable engagements, and his father,Norman Newell, was an influential man inNew York and built the first fort at WestPoint, New York. He was a very prominentmarine soldier, being at the West Indiesat the time of the RevolutionarylOOLEY L.war.COMSTOCK, a farmer residentof the town of Dunn, was bornfifteen miles from Erie, in Erie county,His fatlier,Pennsylvania, August 16, 1842.William, was born in Rhode Island, and hisgrandfather, Aaron, was a native of the sameState. lie moved from there to Ostego, NewYork, and thence to Wisconsin, and spenthis last years in Rock county. The father ofour subject was anatural mechanic, and followedthe trade of stonemason and carpenterall his life. He married in Otsego county,and removed from there to Erie county,Pennsylvania, where he resided for a fewyears, and then, in 1844, emigrated to theTerritory of Wisconsin. He canie by teamto lake Erie, by lake to Milwaukee, and thenby team to Dane county. At that time thissection of country was but sparsely settled,and the greater portion of the land wasowned by the Government. Game was veryplentiful. He selected forty acres of Governmentland in section 31, in what isnow Dunn township, at once built a loghouse and commenced to make a farm. Hebought a cow and a pair of oxen. As therewere no railroads he was compelled to haulhis grain to ^niwaiikee with o.xen, whichmeant a trip of six or seven days, when theweather was good. Wheat sold as low astwenty-five cents a bushel. He usually managedto get a load of merchandise to haulback for Madison parties. As his means accumulatedhe bought other land, until hisfarm contained 200 acres. He died P^ebruary,1873. The maiden name of the motherof our subject was Fannie Chapin, born inNew York State, Otsego county, in the townof Butternuts, July 5, 1810. Her father,Luke Chapin, was a native of Connecticut,who lived in New York State, and spent hislast years there. He had been a soldier ofthe war of 1812. The maiden name of hiswife was Thirza Shaw, who died in thetownof Hutternuts also. The mother of onr subjectstill lives, and enjoys good health andmemory. She was the mother of four children:Francis, Melissa A., Cooley and Edgar.Our subject was a year and a half old whenhe came to Wisconsin with his parents, hencehas no recollection of any other early home.He attended the pioneer schools of Dunn, andhis father was a friend of schools and donatedthe land on which to build a schoolhouse,lie commenced farming and remainedwith his father until his marriage,then bought a farm on section 32, upon whichhe resided three years, then sold it and returnedto the old homestead, where he hassince resided. The farm contains 200 acresof fine land, well improved.He married, in 1856, Damans Johnson,who was born in the town of Dunn, daughterof Solomon and Polly (Baker^ Johnson.and Mrs. Comstock have two children:Mr.LeliaL. and Fanny J. He is a Democrat in politics,and has served two terms as a member

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 5(i5of the County Board of Supervisors. lie isa member of Rome Corner Camp, M. W. A.fOHNL. ERDALL, of Madison, Wisconsin,was born inDeertield, Dane county,Wisconsin, June 5, 1865, a son of LarsJ. Erdall, wlio was born in Bergen stift, Norway,May, 1839. The latter was a son ofJames Erdall, a native of the same locality,where he remained until 1847. April 24 ofthat year he sailed from Berpen, and May24 landed in New York. The same day hecame to the, then. Territory of Wisconsin,via the Hudson river to Albany, by railroadto Buffalo, on the lake to Milwaukee, andthen by team to Dane county.After remaininga short time in Pleasant Valley he hiredmoney and entered forty acres of Governmentland, paying $1.25 per acre, in Deerfieldtownship. Here he erected a small habitationof half logs, but one year later built agood, comfortal)le log house. IMr. Erdallresided there many years, and then came toMadison, where he (iied in 1889; his wifedeparted this life one year later. The fatherof our subject was but eight years of agewhen he crossed the ocean with his parents,and at that time the southern part of theTerritory of Wisconsin was sjiarsely settled,and the nortliern part was inhabited by Indiansand wild crame. No railroad was builtfor many years afterward; Milwaukee wasthe nearest market, it requiring a week tomake the journey; and wheat was sold as lowas forty-nine cents a bushel. During hisyouth Mr. Erdall attended school and assistedon the farm, later taught school, and in 1869rented a farm, which he now owns. He wasafterward employed as clerk andbookkeeperin an agricultural implement house eightyears, then in an insurance office a shorttime, and ne.xt as a clerk in the office of theSecretai'y of State, which position he helduntil 1890. He was married in 1861 toAnna Zeeland, a native of Bergen, Norway,and a daughter of John T. Zeeland.John L. Erdall, the subject of this sketch,came to Madison, Wisconsin, at the age ofeight years, where he attended the high schooluntil entering the university, in 1881. liegraduated there in 1885, and the followingfall entered the law school, where he

5G6 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFprime of life, leaving four daughters and oneson. The latter, Christian Whalen, a soldierin the French army, was killed in 1809 atthe age of twenty-seven years. In the summerof 1856 the parents of our subject emigratedto America on an American schooner,Captain Kendrick commanding, andarrivedin Boston after a pleasant voyage of fifty-twodays. They brouglit their family of threesons andtwo daughters, and also two sistersof Mr. Esser. The latter are: Anna J., wifeof Theodore CuUen, a farmer of Berry township,Dane county; and Christine, wife ofConrad Shauf, a farmer of Grant county,Wisconsin. From Boston they came toMadison, Wisconsin, their ol)jective pointwhen they left their native land, and afterreaching that city they were comparativelywithout money.Tliey soon found remunerativeemployment for all,except the youngestson, then a lad of nine years, and one yearlater, in April, 1857, they rented a farm inMiddleton township, where they lived liveyears.During that time the father and sonsworked together, and soon accumulated sufficientmoney to purchase twenty acres of landfor the parents, and erected a comfortabledwelling. The father died on this placeApril 28, 1880, at the age of seventy-tiireeyears; and the mother June 12, 18G5, agedsixty years. They were the parents of thefollowing children: Mathias, our suliject;Barbara, formerly Mrs. Kessnech, died inMissouri in May, 1892; Sabilla, wife of EdwardLaCrosse, a farmer of Vienna township;and Jacob, proprietor of a shoe store inMadison.May 12, 1860, Mathias Esser, thesubjectof this sketch, was married to MargaretClemens, a daugiiter of Matliiaa and Anna(liehreiids) Clemens. Her mother died inGermany, and in the spring of 1852 she CAvnewith her fatherand stepmother to America,being then in her thirteenth year. Tliefather was twice married and reared a familyof nine children, lie died very suddenly ofheart disease at Cross Plains, Wisconsin, atthe age of sixty-two years. Mr. and Mrs.Esser began married life on a rented farmin Madison township, and later lived onrented land in Springfield township until thespring of 1866.In that year they purchasedforty acres of land, which was covered withsecond-growth timber, and for which theypaid $10 })er acre. They soon erected aone-story, two-roomed log house, where theylived from 1866 to 188i, and in the latteryear moved into their fine large brickdwelling. Mr. Esser cleared his first fortyacres; in 1868 purchased forty acres more,paying $10 per acre; in 1870 bought thethird forty acres, for $22.50 per acre; and stilllater, in 1882, added ninety acres adjoining,but in Springfield township. They nowown 210 acres of good land, with fine railroadfacilities for shipping, and is locatednear Waunakee. He has a fine large stonebasement barn, 32 x 60 feet, with eighteenfoot posts, and is engaged in general fanningandstock-raising.Mr. and Mrs. Esser have eight livingchildren: Frank, of Waunakee, is marriedand has two children; Agnes, wife of IgnatiusWright, also of Waunakee; John, ablacksmith of that city; Jacob, at home;Mary, wife of Herman Dull, a blacksmithof Waunakee; Erwin, at home; ami AnnaF., aged seventeen years, is also at home.Mr. Esser served as Supervisor of the SideBoard two years, as Town Treasurer oneyear, as Postmaster, as a member of theSchool Board, and is a Republican in hispolitical views. Religiously, the family aremembers of the Catholic Church.

)RDANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 567fAMESGILLIES, Sr., one of the pioneersof tlie town of Rutland, was bornin Fifeshire, Scotland, June 20, 1815.Ilis father, James Gillies, was born in thesame shire and his father, Walter, was bornin Glasgow. He learned the trade of millwright,which he followed in Fifeshire andvicinity for many years and spent his lastdays there. The maiden name of his wifewas Margaret Bronson, who was born in Fifeshire,and spent her entire life there. Thefather of our subject learned the trade of flaxdresser and linen weaving. This was at atime when all linen was made by hand. Hefollowed these trades and also engaged infarming and with the exception of a shorttime spent in Paisley, his entire life was spentin Fifeshire. lie died in 1837. The maidenname of the mother of our subject was JanetHutton, horn in the parish of Kingstettle,Fifeshire, Scotland, a daughter of Williamand Janet (Thompson) Ilutton, both nativesof Scotland. The mother of our subject diedin 1845, after rearing ten children, namely:Walter, William, JaTiet, John, James, David,Robert, Margaret, George and Andrew.Fiveof these, James, David, Margaret, Georgeand Andrew came to America.Our subject was reared and educated inhis native land, where he learned the tradeof weaving. He was employed in a milleighteen years, and in 1847 came to America,accompanied by his wife and two children.He went from Scotland to Liverpool andsailed from there the first of May, in thesailing vessel, " liurkiiihead,'" and landed inNew York the 31st of the same month. Hecame immediately to the Territory of Wisconsin,via Hudson river to Albany, then byErie canal to Buffalo, then by lake to Milwaid^eeand then by team to Dane county.At that time there were liut few settlers inthis neighborhood and deer were occasionallyseen. Our subject bought eighty acres ofland that is included in his present farm andthere were ten acres which were broken andfenced and this constituted the improvements.He built a log house at once which was thefirst permanent home of the family in America.He has been a resident of this placecontinuously since a period of forty-five yearsand has seen the entiregrowth and developmentof this 'section. He has purchasedother land, has erected a brick house, a framebarn, planted fruit and shade trees and otherwiseimproved the farm.In 1841 our subject was married to ElspitHume, who was born in Fifeshire, in 1815,a daughter of William and Elizabeth (Biggie)Hume. Iler father was a farmer and spenthis entire life in his native land, but hermother came to America and spent her lastyears with Mrs. Gillies. Mr. and Mrs. Gillieshave two children, James and Janet.James married Isabella Newman and hasthree children, Ira, William N. and Beth.Janet married Nathaniel Slosson, and hasthree children, namely: Ernest, Elsie andI'almer. Mr. Gillies is a very intelligent,just, self-made man and excellent citizen.^ (H> ^O F. O B A D I A H MILTON CONmOVER was born in Dayton, Ohio, Oc-^ tober 8, 1825, and is the son of ObadiahBerlew and Sarah (Miller) Conover. On hisfather's side Dr. Conover tracedhis ancestryback through a long line of New Jersey families,to an old estate in Holland, and wasalways proud of his Dutch ancestry. Theboyhood of Dr. Conover was spent in Dayton,then a thriving village of about ('),000inhabitants.The educitional advantages were

568 BIOORAPHIGAL REVIEW OFgood, and he studied in an academy, wherehe afterward became instructor. At the aeeof fifteen years he entered Miami Universityat Oxford, Ohio, and remained three years,and then went to Princeton, New Jersey,from which he graduated in 1844. The twoyears succeeding liis graduation were spentin teaching, first near Lexington, Kentucky,and then in Dayton Academy, and while atthe latter place he began tliestudy of law inthe office of Schenck & CorTover, the latterbeing his brother, and the former the celebratedstatesman, Robert C. Schenck. In1846 he entered Princeton Theological Seminary,and graduated from there in 1849.In 1849 Mr. Conover came to Madison,then a littlevillage of large expectations, andfor a few months was the editor of the NorthwesternJournal, but in 1850 he was appointedinstructor in the ancient languagesin the University of Wisconsin, and was thethird member of the faculty in order of appointmentin a roll that now includes manyfamous names. In 1852 he was made Professorof Ancient Lansjuaj'esand Literature,and filled the position with marked abilityuntil 1858. At this time he passed out ofthe university and devoted himself to otherpursuits, but he became one of the Board ofKegents, and filled this position until 1867.Turning his attention to law, he was admittedU) the Dane county bar in 1859, andin the spring of 1861 he became associatedwith P. L. Spooner as Reporter of the SupremeCourt of Wisconsin, and upon theresignation of Mr. Spooner in 1864 he becamehis successor, and held the positionuntil his death in 1884. For eleven years ofthis time he held also the position of Librarianof the State Library.Dr. Conover was married inJulia Dart, in1S49, to MissDayton, Oiiio, a noble, Ciiristianwoman, who won for herself the warmesteem of all who knew her.Three childrenwere born to them: Edith W.; Allan D.,Professor ofEngineering at the University;and Frederic K. (See sketch.) A heavyaffliction l)efoll Dr. Conover when his wifewas removed by death, and out of this trialsprang the two poems, "Via Solitaria" and'• Reconciliation," which have attracted muchattention and praise. The former has beenmistaken for one of Longfellow's choicestpoems, but was first published in the Independent.As a recognition of the large attainmentsof Dr. Conover, and of his literary ability,the University of Wisconsin conferred uponhim, in 1878, the honorary degree of Doctorof l^aws. For nine years he was a Deaconin the Congregational Church, and his familiarpresence was always greatly prized. In1882 his son Frederic took charge of hisduties, in order that the Doctor might makea cherished trip to Athens, tlie ancient homeof the literature he so much enjoyed. InSeptember, 1882, he was married to Mrs.Sarah Fairchild Dean, a friend of manyyears, and together they turned their facesto the Old World. Some delightful acquaintanceswere formed while in Greece, amongothers that of Mr. and Mrs. Schliemann,Hon. Eugene Schuyler, the American Ministerand his wife, with Prof. Goodwin, ofHarvard College.The sad ending of the pleasant visitoccurred in 1884, on the way home. Theheavy fogs of London caused a cold fromwhich Dr. Conover could not rally, and onApril 29, 1884. his spirit passed away.Hisbody was brought to Madison on May 28,and was laid away in beautiful Forest HillCemetery.

jr.iONKAD M. CONRADSON.-AmoncrDANE GOUNTT, WISCONSIN. 569son has held the office he now holds since tlieiff, the aids to civilization in a new country, business was first started, and has been thethat of the manufactory cannot be overlooked.The development of trade is civil-four draughtsmen are employed nearly all ofinventor and the chief manager. Three orizing, as it opens communication with tiie the time, besides our subject.outside world by so many avenues, and by Mr. Conradson had formerly been connectedwith the Fuller & Johnson Manu-giving employment to many, circulates money,and thus opens wider doors to higher life and facturing Company of this city, and was withthe Allison Manufacturing Company of Milwaukeefor more than two years. He hasculture.The subject of this sketch is the vicepresidentof the Gisholt Machine Company,lived in Madison for eleven years, exceptwhieli employs about 100 men all of the three years when he was in Milwaukee. Hetime, and is one of the most complete plants took a course with the class of 1883, in thein the West, making a special feature the mechanical and engineering department oferection of the Turret Lathes, of which our the State University of Wisconsin. He becamea practical machinist early in life, andtalented subject is the patentee and inventor.They are sold all over the country, and have has rapidly developed his talents. First-classa reputation for completeness and superiority mechanics only handle the works of this company,and hence they do not fear competition,over all others. Mr. Conradson is also adraughtsman of great skill. lie is aand for first-class work they pay first-classselfmademan, having a talent, and growing up wages.from an apprenticeship in a blacksinitii shop Our subject was born in Dane coiinty,to the understanding of the higher and moreWisconsin, and has grown up in this neitrhborhood.His parents were natives of Nor-complicated works in iron and metal, all ofthe time having before him the one object,way, who came to America some time in the'40s,that of becoming a practical inventor, andand are now living in (-rreene county,ofWisconsin, highly respected. He was marriedin Evansville, Wisconsin, to Miss Stellaputting this talent to great use. Since hisconnection with the present business it hasmuch increased, and the market hasPrentice,grownwho was born near White Water,larger, botii on account ofWisconsin. She is a true, good woman, andthe value of tliepatents and also because of thethey have one child.superior gradeof work turned out. The completeness of=^:^^TfOIINFREEMAN, A. M., LL. I).—these machines is unsurpassed. The toolsalone connected with this manufacturingC.plant were purchased at an expense of $!(>,- The subject of our subject. Professor of000. The business was started some three '^K English Literature in the University ofyears ago, and so complete were all of their Wisconsin, at Madison; was born in Broomearrangements that eight montiis later they county, Xew York, Feljrnai-y 1-4, 18-42, beingbegan the shipment of machines, which found the son of Charles W. and Charlotte (Prockway)Freeman. To have been a founder ora ready market. They (>an turn out a largelatlie every day, which represents a niaciiine defender of one's counti-y is the only trueworth from S2,000 to $3,000. Mr. Conrad- patent of American nobility. The name

—"570 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFFreeman suggests self-reliance, courage,leadership.Professor Freeman is of Pnritanancestrv; liis tjraniUatlierof the eighth generation,Edmund Freeman, led fifty-eightfamiliesinto the new world and in the year 1637planted the town of Sandwich, Massachnsetts.He seems to have been a man of substance,since the Lynn records show that he presentedtothe Lynn colony 200 corselets, or pieces ofplate armor, brought with him from England.Not only did he love freedom for himself,but as the records show, was determined thatthe sorely persecuted Quakers of the timeshould enjoy the same privilege. The farmon which he settled in Sandwich, is still inthe possession of the Freeman family. Hisson, John Freeman, married Rebecca, thedaughter of Governor Prince of the Massachusettscolony, and was deputy of the generalcourt for seven years. Rebecca Prince was,on lier mother's side, of a " Mayflowerfamily.The Freeman family was connected bymarriage and by friendship with the Adamsesand the Otises, and with these historicfamilieswas active in the events that led to theAmerican Revolution. In the prosecutionof that war Colonel John Freeman was incommand of a continental regiment in thedefeat of Burgoyne at Saratoga. General N.Freeman also held a command inthe continentalarmy. Our subject, descended fromsuch distinguished and patriotic stock, hasproven himself every way worthy the namelie bears. His exceptional talents began tobe apparent at a very early age, as may beseen from the fact that he prepare

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 571voyages to Europe, and has traveled extensivelythroughout America.As a teacher of Enirlish literature Dr.Freeman has had a full measure of success;is e.\act, popular and inspiring. He has seenthe classic places of the old world and themighty names in the realm of literature arenot merely names to him but sj)irits that stilllive to animate these present times. Forhimself he believes that his most successfulwork has been done as a teacher of the Greeklanguages. He edited in 1872 an edition ofXenophon's Memorabilia; also in the sameyear the Dialogues of Lucian, which havefound an extensive use in classical schools.The exactions of his profession and the demandupon his time for public addresseshave left him little leisure for the use of thepen.For the period of one year he was editorofa literary journal, the Michigan Magazine,and for a long time has been an occasionalcontributor to educational and politicalpapers. On the whole, however, he is to bereckoned a speaker rather than a writer.His style is oratorical, being admirably fittedfor oral delivery. It is a well authenticatedfact that Nathaniel Freeman, son of GeneralN. Freeman, of the Continental Army, wonthe prize in the oratorical contest at theHarvard commencement in 1787, over .IdliiiQuincey Adams, William ('ranch, JamesEridge, and many others who were afterwarddistinguished in public life. It is as an oratorthat Dr. Fi-eeman has won his most gratifyingsuccess. For six years the State hasbeen in a large sense his class-room. Hehas brought the university to the specialnotice of over 100 cities and villages inWisconsinliy evening lectures. To many ofthese places he has been called again andagain. No other professor of the universityis more widely known throughout the State.This service isdeemed very im]iortant; tothe university as well as to the people.As a lecturer Professor Freeman is bothwise and witty. He sees things in concreteand in picturesque; through anecdote andillustration he holds his ideas before themind. He has the kind of memory we alllong for; what he loves he cannot forget.Apropos, a friend tells the following: Onthe Professor's last trip to Europe he tookdown a boastful Englishman who, on boardthe ship was sneering at Ainericon cultureand ottered to wager that no American onboard could repeat two successive lines fromany great English poet, the Briton to namethe poet. A gentleman present called uponProfessor Freeman to stand for Americanculture, after he had accepted the wager.Chaucer was selected by the sneerei-, whento his infinite amazement the Professor recitedverbatim the Knight's Tale entire.With such a memory how can bis mind beother than full? His lectures and writingsare crowded with apt quotations and happyillusions, s\iggesting the literaryacquisitionof a Lowell or an Einerson, and then throughall tine humor and wit, which bubbles andHows, as well as flashes. He lectures uponmany topics; but perhaps his most popularai'e his travels and English literature andEnglish literary men. Among the titles ofhis lecturers are the following: Alfred theGreat, Chaucer, Father of English Song. TheLast Knight and the First Gentleman;Shakespeare, Man and Poet; Shakespeare asa Dramatist, six lectures; The Novel; OurEducational Policy; Wonderland ofthe Yellowstone;Up the Rhine; Round about Louden;The Land of Burns and Wordsworth;Italy. Some of these, in courses, have enricliedthe programmes of some of our summerschools and assemblies, as at Monona

niOGRAPHlCALlake and Chautauqua. His delivery is sosimple and so unpretentious, so easy itwinds its way, that we forget to call it eloquent.We go with him up the Rhine orthrough the Western Wonderland, the YellowstonePark, or live through the times ofthe fathers of English literature and are alwayscharmed and instructed.baring the winter of 1891-'92 Dr. P>eemanreceived three hundred invitations tolecture and accepted and filled 139 of them;at the same time discharging fully his professionalduties. He has been chosen oratorat the inaugeration of President Adams ofthe University of Wisconsin. The professorwon enviable distinction in a joint discussionlast year with Ignatius Donnelly on the allegedBaconian cipher, atMinneapolis, Chicago,and various other cities.Tiie ])ress, byalmost common consent, accorded the palmto Dr. Freeman. Dr. Freeman is in thevery prime of life, possessed of good physique,isstudious, enthusiastic, investigatingand patient. His day of usefulness, yet inits morning, offers every promise of greaterbrilliancy and power. He can reach no distinctionthat his host of friends will not beready to applaud as the reward of honestmerit.[UNDER EDWARDS, a farmer of Danecounty, Wisconsiti. was born in TalleiTiarken,Norway, January 2, 1841, aeon of Even and Ingerbert (Olsen) Edwards,natives also of Norway, but of Scotch descent,the great-grandfather of our subjecthaving moved to that country from Scotland.Guilder Edwards received a good educationin Norway, and was reared to farm life.REVIEW OFHis father died when he was ten years of age,and eight years later he was induced by hiscousin, A. Gunderson, to come to America.He located in Burke township, near Madison,and shortly afterward sent for his mother,where she still makes her home.In 1862 Mr. Edwards enlisted in CompanyI, Twenly-tiiird AViscousin Infantry, and wastaken prisoner at Louisiana, carried toAlexandria, that State, and remained therefrom JS'ovember 3 until July 1. He wasthenmustered out of service at Mobile, Alabama.After returning to Wisconsin he wasengaged in fanning inMadison township until1869, and in that year purchased 155acres on sections 21, 22 and 28. He is engagedin general farming, but raises principallytobacco and live-stock. In 1887 Mr.Edwards also purchased 220 acres on sections31 and 32, Christiana township. In hispolitical views he affiliates with the Repui)-lican party, and has served as township andschool Treasurer, and as Supervisor.Socially,he is a member of the G. A. R., and religiouslyis identified with the LutheranChurch.Our subject was married July 1, 1862, toSeba Torguson, then of Burke township, Danecounty, but who came from Norway, hernative State, to America at the age of liveyears. They have nine children, viz.: Eddie,Mary, Tedor, Alfred, Tilla, Anna, Gabrieland Mollie. One child, Nellie, died at theage of three years.^.>b .|.. c|;.^j^^A T RICK D O W N E Y, was born inIreland, March, 26, 1826. His fatherwas born inon his farm.Ireland and died there alsoThe grandfather of our subjectwas Michael Downey, a farmer of Ireland.

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 573His wife was a Miss Good, aiul tliey rearedthree sons, all of whom lived and died farniei-sillthe same place. The inotiier of our subjectwas Peiryy Hildrutf, of tliat place and theyreared four sons, our subject beinjj; the thirdchild.Our subject landed in Boston, froin theship Davenport, which took six weeks fromLiverpool to Boston. lie soon obtained aposition with Samuel G. Perkins, who had agreen-house. Our subject started in thisplace aB a gardener at $10 per month. Hisemployer died one year after going intobusiness with him, and he continued thebusiness at the same place some ten years.He married Miss Mary Calhoun, thedaughter of Jene and Mary (Flynn) Calhoun,a native of Ireland, who came to Americain 1846. She was one of six sons and fourdaughters. Her parents died in the Oldcountry. Mr. and Mrs. Downey came Westin the Spring of 1855 by railway and bought160 acres of land for $2,000, or §1.25 peracres. On this he had an indebtness of $1,000.He then built a small frame house in whichthey lived for many years, until 1855, whenthey built their present large, fine brickhouse. Mr. Downey is a great stock-raiser.He raises horses, cattle, sheep and swine anddoes a profitable business. Our subject is aDemocrat. They are members of the RomanCatholic Church. Mr. and Mrs. Downeyhave buried one sonand one daughter, bothbeing infants. They have one daughter, Mary,a maiden at home. She ia we]l edupated ;>udattended the academy.jANIEL STEELEDUURIE, deceased.Seldom has the death of any one beenfelt as deeply as has been that of thedistinguished subject of this sketch. For38nearly thirty-seven years he faithfully dischargedhis duties as Librarian of the StateElistorical Society, although for the last fewmonths of his lifehe was obliged to cease hislabors in that capacity on account of failinghealth, which was pronounced heart troubleby his physician. For some time he was.confined to his bed and all hope of recoverywas abandoned, but he finally rallied andafter a time was able to move about the houseand sit upon the porch. Two weeks b.eforphis death, however, his strength failed ag^in,and the day before the final end he began tosink rapidly, passing away very peacefully,surrounded by loving friends and relatives.Mr. Durrie was born in Albany, NewYork, January 2, 1S19, son of Horace Durrie,a native of Hartford, ConDectictit, aqd ^grandson of John Durrie, of Stony Stratford,Buckingham county, England, who came toAmerica in 1781. His mother was JohannaSteele, daughter of Daniel Steele, a booksellerand stationer of Albany, to which placehis father I'einoved about 1817. From bothparents he was descended fromJohn Steele,the first secretary of the colony of Connecticutand William Bradford, Governor of thePlymouth Colony.Mr. Durrie was educatedat the Albany Academy, and a select schoolat South Iladley, Massachusetts, afterhe entered the store of hiswhichuncle and learnedthe bookselling business, succeeding him inthe same in 184-^. Four years later he losthis property \n the great fii-e that oecuri-ed|hat year at Albany, and in 1850, he removedto Madison in which city he continued toreside until his death. He continued in thesame occupation from 185-4 to 1857, when hewithdrew from mercantile business andaccepted a pt)sition in the office of Hon. L.C. Draj)er, then State Superintendent of PubblicInstruction, which he held for two years.

574 BIOGRAPHICAL BEVIBW OFHe was elected a member of the State HistoricalSociety in 1855, and librarian in1S56, which office he retained until hisdeatli. a period of thirty-six years and ninemonths.In 1859 he published his first work, '• AGenealogical History of John and GeorgeSteele, Settlers of Hartford, Connecticut,1635-'36, and their Descendants," a secondand enlarged edition of whieli he issued in18()2. containinij 161 pages. In 1864 hefollowed this with '• A Genealogical Historyof the Holt Family in the United States,more particularly the descendants of NicholasHolt of Andover, Massachusetts, 1634,and of William Holt, of New Haven, Connecticut,1644." In 1868 l»e published hisBibliograjihia Genealogica Americana; anAlphabetical Index to Pedigrees and (JeuealogiesContained in State, County, andTown Histories, Printed Genealogies andKindred Works," a volume of nearly 300pages.This work was subsecjueutly enlargedand revised and published in 1878, and hasproved a most useful book to all students.A third edition was issued in 1886. In 1869,he prepared and puldished in the HistoricalMagazine a'* Bibliography of the State ofWisconsin," giving the title and and referenceto all |)ul)lications that have been issuedon the State,—a volume of great serviceto all persons interested in Wisconsin, itshistory and resources. Other works by himincluded historical papers on, " Early Outpostsof Wisconsin," " Green Bay for TwoHundred Years," "Annals of Prairie duChien," an article on "Captain Carver," anearly traveler in Wisconsin. In 1874 his" History of Madison and the Four LakesCountry of Wisconsin" appeared. In 1875,he assisted C. K. Tuttle in his preparation ofthe histories ofWisconsin and Iowa, and theollowing year he prepared an historicKJ addressfor the twenty-fifth anniversary of theorganization of the Presbyterian Church atMadison, which was published that year inpamphlet form. Of this church Mr. Durrieand his wife were members at its organization,and always retainedwith it.their connectionlu the same year be was associatedwith W. B. Davis in writing a history ofMissouri, which was prepared in St. Louis.In 1877 he prepared a paper on the " PublicDomain of Wisconsin," for Snyder d: VanVechten's Historical Atlas of Wisconsin.He was a member of the Connecticut,New Hampshire, Ilhode Island, Pennsylvania,Minnesota, Bufl:alo, Chicago and AVesternReserve Historical Societies; of theNewEngland Historical and Genoalugical Society,and (xenealogical and Biographical Society ofNew York; the Pilgrim Society and thePiiiladelphiaNumismatic and Antiijuarian Society.Mr. Durrie was married October 15, 1844to Miss Anna Holt, at Albany, New York,who preceded him to the great beyond. July2, 1891. To them were born six children,five of whom arc living. Miss Isabelle havingdied at her homo in this city in October,1889. The children surving are as follows:George II., of L^'on, Wisconsin; Ilev. Archibald,Pastor of the Presbyterian Church atWest Superior; Fred A., station agent atPa})illon, Nebraska; Mrs. Henry A. Arnoldof Helena, Montana; Miss Anna, wiio residedwith her father.Rev. Archibald Durrie,Mrs. Arnold and Miss Durrie were athome at the time of their father's ileatii.^fr. !)urri(< was a familiar figure in thecity, a man for whom the peopleentertainedthe profoundest feelings of respect, venerationand warm regard. In his death, notonly did the city lose a valued, trusted and

DANE COUNTY,WISCONSIN.respected citizen, but the State HistoricalSociety was deprived of one wliose counselshave been wise, his judgments abundant tomeet tlie requirements of iiis position andwhose work for tlie npljuildinir of the society'sinterests partook of the most earnestdevotion. As a Christian he was faithfuland conscientious, living a pure life whichthe greatest troubles never swerved from thestraightforward path of duty and obedience.^ATRICK B.KNOX, of Madison, Wis-consin, was born in county Limerick,Ireland, December 8, 1857, a son ofPatrick and Anna (I'lackburne) Knox. Oursubject was educated in the ecclesiasticalcolleges ofLimerick and Tunic, Ireland, andafter coming to America, in 1881, he spentone year at St.Francis Seminary, in Milwaukee,Wisconsin. Mr. Kno.x was ordained aminister in that city, .January 25, 18S2, bythe late Bishop Heiss, and iii September ofthat year he took charge of a mission in Oregon,Dane county, Wisconsin.lie remainedtliere until in May, 1888, when lie erectedand still has charge of St. Patrick's Church.It was completed and dedicated March 17,188!), and now has a membership of about170 families. Our subject also organized achurch at Oregon, wiiich was dedicated in1886.~-^?^^/^^Z^/Z/i^|OBERT MARIOX LA FOLLETTE waspCK born in a log cal)in in the town of Primrose,Dane county, Wisconsin, June 14,1855. When six years old his parents movedto Argyle, in the neighboring county, wherehis time was divided between workiniron thefarm and attending a district school. In1873 the family moved to Madison and therehe attended a private academy, preparatoryto entering the State University, where hewas admitted to the freshman class, in September,1873. His early college work wascharacterized by his activity in debatingsocieties and in literary work as editor andjoint owner of the University Press. In hisjunior year he was elected by the AthenianSociety as its orator inthe junior exhibition.In his senior year he represented the universityin the Inter-State contest at Iowa City,winning the prize on his oration, " lago.''Tlius his reputation as a writer and oratorwas established. He took his diploma withthe class of 1879 and entered the law school,attending the same one term and then completedhis studies in an otiice. Ho was admittedto the bar in 1880, and in the fall ofthe same year he was elected District Attorneyof Dane county and re-elected in1882, notwitlistanding the average pluralityagainst his ticket was over 1,000. Thusfairly tested, in 1884 he was elected Congressmanof the Third District and was the youngestman in the Forty-ninth Congress, beingbut twenty-nine years old. He was re-electedin 1888. He was a tireless worker in thepolitical fielii and attracted much attentionby liis discusssion of the river and harljorbill of 1885, his rejily to Speaker Carlisle'sspeech on the Well's bill, iiis advocacy of theConstitutional power of Congress to tax manufacturedcompounds deleterious to health,and his speech indorsing the tariff bill of1890. Besides this work he has been calledupon to do much political speaking.Duringhis first term in Congress he made the annua,!address to the Harvard Law School atWashington, delivered the oration at theGrant memorial exercises lield at the Monona

576 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFChautauqua Assembly, and made a notablepolitical address in Ciiickeriiig Hall, NewYork.In 1880 he was married to Miss BelleCase, ot" Baraboo, ^Yisconsin, who had beenhis classmate in the university, and to whom,uj)on graduation in the class of 1879, wasawarded the Lewis prize for the best commencementoration. In addition to her universitytraining she also took a full course inthe "Wisconsin University Law School andwas the first lady to receive a dijjloma fromthatfOHNinstitution.GALLAGHER, a well-known andpopular citizen of Madison, a tent andawning manufacturer, established formany years, came to Madison in 1858 andhas lived here continuously ever since, e.xceptthree years that he was employed inthe serviceof the United States. In fact, he haslived here from boyhood, completing his serviceat tile trade of tent-making, and afterwardworking as a journeyman for severalHis present enterprise was establishedsoon after his return from the war, but forseveral years he made a specialty (>fyears and then setting up in business for himself.sail-making,at the same time selling boots and shoes,being located on King street. Since 1882he has made an exclusive business of manufacturingtents and awnings himself, beingan e.xperienced and practical workman. Successlias crowned the labors of Mr. Gallagher,who has fome very nice business and residencein the city to show as a result of hislabors.Our subjectwas born in county Cork, Ireland,near Cape Clear, July 16, 1844, wherehe was educated, and where he was taughtthe trade of sail-maker, having been thus engageiifrom early childhood. His iiuitherbrought him over to the United States in1854-, the father having come over the yearbefore and earned money to defray the expensesof the remainder of the family over.His parents first settled in Madison in 1857,but other brothers of his had come here before.Here the father, Samuel Gallagher,continued to reside until his deatii, at the ageof tifty-six years, having been a boot andshoemaker and a very good workman. Oursubject's mother survived her husband manyyears, not dying until October, 1892, at theage of seventy-five years. Her maiden namewas Sarah Berchem. The parents of Mr.Gallagher, as were their forefathers, weremembers of the Episcopal Church.John Gallagher is the second child t)f sevenohildren, he l)eing the only son.Five of thesix daughters are still living and all of thechildi'enhave been married.Our subject was married in Madison toMiss Ella McAllister, born and reared on afarm near Baraboo, Sauk county, Wisconsin,daughter ofPeter and Mary (McGuire) Mc-Allister, the two latter being, respectively,from the North of Ireland and ('ouiity Galway.Mr. iVIcAllister was of Scotch-Irishstock and his wife had Irish ancestors. Theycame to the United States when quite youngpeople, settling in Syracuse, where theyanil were married soon afterward,metcame westand settled in Sauk county. Here ail theirchildren were born, and after this the familysettled in Dane county, and here in Pittsburgtownship, the father died in 1871, aged fiftyoneyears. Mrs. Ciallagher is yet living,making her home with her sou, John, on theold homestead, in the sixty-tiiird year of herage. Siie is a member of the Roman Catho-

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 577lie Chni-cli, her husband having also livedand died inthat faitii.Mr. and Mrs. Gallagher, subjects of thisnotice, are the parents of three children,namely: Sadie E.; John A. and Samuel E.When the war of the Rebellion broke out Mr.Gallagher was not of age, but he felt an irresistibledesire to enlist, so on August 11,1862, he became a member of Company A,Twenty-third Wisconsin Infantry, CaptainVilas, the colonel being J. J. Gappy, ofPortage, Wisconsin. While Mr. Gallagherassisted very materially in the raising of thecompany, he declined any distinction otherthan that of private. He participated, inDecember, 1862, in the battle of Haines'BlufE, when General Sherman attacked theenemy's right flank at Vicksburg, and aftersupporting General Steele on the right fortwo daysi finding himself outnumbered,made a midnight retreat, the Twenty-thirdescaping without serious loss. Later, the regimentembarked on transports for Yazooriver, up to Arkansas Post, and came underthe command of General McClernand, of Illinois.On the afternoon of January 10, 1863,supported by a river flat, advance was madeon Arkansas Post. The Wisconsin soldiersdid noble service by raking the fort with across-flre from across the river, especial creditbeing due the First Wisconsin Battery.Twenty-third sufi'eredThefrom exposure, havinglaid on their guns for some time after wadingin deep water. It was likewise shelledseverely from the fort and won praise for thevalor it displayed. After sustaining somesevere loss from the raking fire of the fort,the men began to recover from their exhaustion,and when the enemy raised the whiteflacr the Twenty-third was among the first toenter the post, and, for that reason, wereused as a provost guard. Subsequently, theregiment was sent out as scouts; in the springof 1864, it moved up to Milliken's Bend andprepared for the Vicksburg campaign, takingpart in the various engagements that madethat campaign historic. Where ever theTwenty-third came up with the enemy theyproved their courage and their staying qualities.They took part in the battle of ChampionHills, and later at Black River, capturingthe Sixtieth Tennessee without loss;and also building the bridge'. Soon afterwardthey marched with General Sliei'maninto the city,having won fine laurels for gallantservice. The regiment fought in thefront ranks at Jackson, Mississippi, drivingout Johnson. Then ordered back to Vicksl>urgand to the Department of the Gulf, ittook part in tlie attack of Dick Taylor and ofKirby Smith. When all of the regiment exceptless than lOU were captured, recruitingwas resorted to, but the numbers were cutdown. It sustained severe loss in the RedRiver campaign ; later at Jackson, Mississippi,our subject served three months on specialduty. He escaped capture and was neverwounded, and was Anally discharged at Madison,Wisconsin, in May, 1866, on accountof disability.Mr. Gallao-her is a very earnestoman andstrong in his convictions of right. Earnestlya Republican, he has voted that ticket eversince he attained his majority in 1864. Mr.and Mrs. Gallagher are most kind and hospitablepeople, highly esteemed by allthe circle of their acquaintance.«HARLES HALL, awithinprominent citizenof Westport, was born in Edinburgh,Scotland, August 31, 1846.His father,Robert, was an accountant and bookkeeper.

578 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFwho married Margaret Johnson of thepameplace. He died in Edinburgh at the age offorty-eight, in 1846, wiien this son was butan infant. Tiie mother of our subject hadthree sons and had buried two infantdaughters.The names of her children were: Robert,William and Charles. Robert is a bookkeeperin Scotland. The mother of onrsubject married again, and with her secondhusband, William Jones, the family came tothis country, in1849, coming to Montreal ina sailing vessel and remained in that city,where Mr. Jones followed the trade of stonemason.In the fall of 1855 they moved toPortage, Wi.^consin, remained there twoyears, then came toWestport township andsettled on a small place near the State Asylum.One son, John, has been born of thismarriage.Onr subject learned the bricklayers' trade,to which he went at the age of eighteen.Heand his brothers had good home schoolingand our subject left home at the age oftwenty years and worked at his trade throughWisconsin, Iowa and Illinois.Mr. Hall was married in 1876, whenthirty years of age, to Miss Mary Wilson,the daughter of Thomas and Ann (Richardson)Wilson, both from North of Ireland andhad come to Staten Island when young,in 1830. They were farmers and came toW^isconsin in 1850 when Mrs. Hall was fouryears of age. She has one brother, WilliamWilson, a farmer of Dakota. The motherdied February 10, 1881, at the age of seventy-eightand the father, in 1886, aged seventy-five.Their lives ended in the housewhere Mr. and Mrs. Hall have spent thegreater portion of their marrieil life.WhenMr. and Mrs. Wilson came here they hadsome means and bouglit some eighty acres ofland, on which this house now stands. Theybegan life on this new farm in a rough loghouse, 14 X 16, and one and one-halfstorieshigh. Here they lived sojne twenty years,during which time they prospered and boughtmore land, until they had 240 acres. At onetime they had the misfortune to have theircrop of wheat burned inthe bin, tlirough thecarelessness of Pome one smoking in the barn.The maternal grandmotliei- of Mr. Halldied hero, inthis house, where she had livedfour years and six months, her death occurringin September, 1890, at the great age of101 years, nine months and eleven days. Shehad buried two husbands, the last one, AlexanderThompson, of Scotland, died at the agoof eighty-six, still tine and fresh looking.Her first husband was wealthy. The oldgrandmother was well preserved to the last,having her sight, hearing and mental faculties.She was the mother of thirteen children,only six of whom came to adult age.^Ir. and Mrs. Hall have four children,namely: Annie L., fourteen years old; RobertM., eleven years old; Margaret J., eightyears old; and Thomas Wilson, six years old.They are allattending school, and the daughtersare all making fine progress in music,^fr. Hall has served as Constable and is nowclerk of the school district. He does amixed farming, raising wheat, corn and oats,forty-five acres in wheat, four and three-quarteracres intol)acco, fine flock of forty sheep,of a grade between Shropshire and Saxony.They keep three horses and three fine Ayrshirecows. The farm consists of eighty-fiveacres of fine land and twenty acres of marshand wood.The family are Presbyterian andMr. Hall votes with the Republican party.He has long been a Mason and an (Jdd Fellow.

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 579|OP>ERT GILLETT, a fanner of Dane^? county, Wisconsin, was Itorn in Derbyshire,England, in 1841, a son ofGeorge Gillett, a native of Eno-land. Thelatter brought his wife and five children toSpring{ie]

I worth580 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OPAnna Z., attending school; Arthur C, agedthirteen years; Prudence L., ten years; andEdith E., seven years. One son, Edward,died at the age of two years. Mr. Giliett isone of the leading Kcpuhlican's of his township,and is faithful in attendance at theconventions.Methodists.Eoth he and his wife are loyalYLVESTER O. Y. GDRNEE, aresidentof Fitchburg, Dane county, wasborn in the town of Skaneateles, Onondagacounty, Kew York, Eebniary 20, 1830.LI is fatlier, Caleb, was boin in iS'ew Yorkcity in 1802, and his father, Caleb Gurnee,Sr., was also born in New York, and thegreat-grandfather of our subject was bornFrance, and his name was Samuel. Thisgentleman, with his brother Stephen, came tothe United States in colonial times. Thegrandfather of our subject learned the tradeof shoemaker, but did not follow it long. In1810 he emigrated to Onondaga county,Kew York, making the removal in the winterseason. Here he bought a tract of timber,turned his attention to faj-ming, residedthere some years, then sold and settled in thetown of Sempronius, Cayuga county, wherehe died at the age of sixty-five years. Themaiden name of his wifeinwas Margaret Gurnee,born in New York State, daughter ofStephen Gurnee.The father of our subject,learned the trade of mason, which he followeduntil 1844, when he rented land in Cayugacounty, remained there until 1850 and thenremoved to Wisconsin. He was accompaniedby his wife and five children. The journeywas made over the Erie canal toIJulfalo, andthen with steamer to Patchen, Wi.-;consin,and Port Washington, same State. He locatedsixteen miles north of Milwaukee, inthe town of Mequon, in what is now Ozaukeecounty, and resided there until 1865, when hesold his farm and moved to Dane county,buying land in Cottage Grove township, andthere he remained until his death, which occurredNovember 1, 1884. The maiden nameof the raotlier of our subject, who marriedNovember 9, 1823, was Electa Young, bornnear Skaneateles, Onondaga county, NewYork. Slie was the daughter of James andRachel Young, and died in Cottage Grovetownship, January, 1876, aged sixty-eightyears. She reared seven children, namely:Robert Earl, who lives in Skaneateles; Levinamarried Henry L. Mandeville andlivesin Rockford, Hlinois; subject; Emeline E.married Rev. George Fellows of Waukesha;Mary J. married William H. (yolby and livesin Wesley, Kossuth county, Iowa; Adelinemarried Vincent C. Gaston and lives inCottageGrove, Dane county;and George E. residesin Tacoma, State of Washinjjton.Our subject was three years old when hisparents moved to the Territory of Michiganand lived in one year in Ypsilanti and thenmoved to Cayuga county. New York, wherehe attended the public schools. At the ageof fifteen years he began to work with hisfather at his trade and alternated with thatand working on the farm until the time ofthe coming of the family to Wisconsin. Inthe fall of 1851 he returned to New York,remained there a year and then returned toWisconsin, rented land and engaged in farmincrin addition to working at his trade. In1855 he went to Appleton, where he remainedtwo years at college and after thisuntil 1860 he taught school during the wintersand followed his trade the remainder ofthe year.In 1860 he rented a farm in Wal-county for two years and then worked

DANE COUNTT, WISCONSIN. 581in Waukeslia at his trade until 1870, wlienhe went to Kansas, located in Johnson countyand made a claim on the Shawnee reservation.Uere he built and lived six years, thensold his land, went to Texas, settled on schoolland in Navarro county, where he Imilt, improveda part of the land, lived there a fewmonths, then sold his claim and returned tohis farm in Cottage Grove. He bought thisfarm and resided there until 1887, when hesold and boutrht where he now resides.He has been twice married, first in 1857,to Miss Mary A. Thompson, born in Waukesha,Wisconsin, whose parentswere pioneersof Waukesha, but slie died the same year.His second marriage was in 1868 to MissJane Cleveland, born in Brooklyn, NewYork, daugiiter of Charles Cleveland, apioneer of Winnebago county. 111. Mrs.Guriiee was left an orphan at an early ageand was reared and educated by Mr. Grearand commenced teaching when quite young,first at Evans ville for twelve teriris and thenat Waukesha until her marriage. Tiie childrenof the first marriage are Edgar C. andJesse A., and of the second marriage, EmmaJ. and Floyd G. Mr. and Mrs. Gurnee areboth members of the Methodist EpiscopalChurch. He is a Republican in politics andhas served as delegate to various connty,district and State conventions.(DWAKD H. HEATH, widely and favorablyknown as the energetic andefficient manager for Wisconsin andnorthern Hlinois for the Advance ThresherCompany of Battle Creek, Michigan, was bornin Burlington, Wisconsin, April 19, 1803.His parents, Jeremiali II. and Anna (Granser)Ileatli, were natives of Caltot, Vermont,and Canada, respectively. They were marriedin Wisconsin, and had four sons, all nowliving and occupying positions of trust andhonor in business and society. Of these, thesubject of this sketch is the third in ordei- ofbirth. His father held foi- twenty-five yearsthe position of officer in the State Prison atWaupun, but upon the ascendency of theDemocratic party he was dispcssessed of hisdesirableposition.Mr. Heatli, of this sketch, spent the firstseventeen years of his life in attending publicschool in Waupun. At the end of that timehe secured a position as salesman with H. E.Utter, a local dealerin macliinery, who did alarge business in Waupun. lie remained twoyears in this position, and then secured another,in 1880, with D. S. Morgan & Company,for whom he acted as traveling salesinaTi,with territory in central Wisconsin.He was afterward jjromoted to tlie positionof general agent of this territory, and remainedwith the latter firm five years.In the spring of 1884 he became connectedwith W. G. & W. Barnes, of Freeport, Illinois,as general agent for southern and westernWisconsin, witii headquarters in Madison,with which firm he remained five years. Intiie spring of 1889 he secured the managementof the Wisconsin branch of tiie AdvanceThresher Company, and was the first to introducetheir goods into this territory, the ti'adehe has worked up being sufficient evidence ofhis energy. Becoming impressed with theadvantages of Madison as a location for thebranch for this territory, he lost no time inapprising his company of his views, whichwere heartily acquiesced in, and a commodiouswarehouse and office were erected here.Mr.Heath was given cliarge and has well rewardedthe confidence placed in him, l)y tiiefulfillment of every requirement to the minut-

582 BIOORAPHICAL REVIEW OPest detail. Although a young man he hasdeveloped marvelous commercial genius, andbids fair to take aworld'saffairs.prominent position in theMr. Heath was married April 29, 1889, inWaupun, to Mary E. Lang, an intelligentlady, whose parents were worthypioneers ofthis State. They have two children: Monona,named after that clear, pellucid lake, whosewaters are afitting symbol of a spotless, innocentlife; and Ciertrude, a daughter of twosummers.In July, 1891, Mr. Heath combined businessand pleasure in a tire months' trip tourof the Pacific coast country, which provedboth a recreation for himself and a valuablebusiness vacation for theMr. Heathcompany.owns a handsome residence onJenifer street, surrounded by attractivegrounds. He has also recently purchasedtwo acres of choice residence property onlake Monona, near Hotel Tonawatha, MoundPark, whicii he intends to plat and place onthe market.In the several capacities of husband andfather, citizen and business man, Mr. Heath'sactions have always been characterized bygoodjudgment, unswerving integrity, andcordiality, and he stands deservedly high inthe estimation of the community.JLE H. HEMSING, a successful businessman of Dane county, Wisconsin, wasborn in Cottage (irove township, thiscounty. May 30, 1853, a son of Ole Olson andRachel (Sheldstad) Hemsing, both bornandreared in Sorgdon, Norway. They came toAmerica in about 1850, settlinc in Wisconsill,and were married in Cottage Grove township,this State. After residing there twoyears they removed toPleasant Spring township,later to Mitchell county, Iowa, and oneyear afterward returned to their farm inPleasant Spring township. The father followedfanning in both the old country andAmerica.Mr. and Mrs. Hemsing have fourliving children, one son and three daughters,and have also three children deceased.Ole H., the subject of thissketch, was educatedin the district schools of this township,and remained at home untiltwenty-six yearsof age. He then opened a general stock ofmerchandise and farm machinery at Crookston,Polk county, Minnesota, whichhe continuedone year, and for the next eighteenmonths was engaged in real estate. Mr.Hemsing then bought the old homestead onsection 28, this township, and began farming.In 1883 he began the tobacco business inStoughton, where he buys for himself, andalso for Pittsburg, Cincinnati, Chicago Bostonand Milwaukee. His handsome residencewas erected in1888, and contains thirty acresof land. In addition to his otiier businessinterests, Mr. Hemsing is also largeh' interestedin real estate and in the raising ofhorses.He was married June 24, 1879, to MariahFlone, a native a Christiana township, Danecounty, and who was educated in the Uticaschools. They have four children: ObertKomonus, Morris Abrasa, Clara Matilda, andMabel Galena. Politically, Mr. Hemsingaffiliates with the Republican party, and religiously,isa member of the Lutheran Church.^.—^USTUS HEUSER, a farmer and stockraiserof section 28, Dane county, is ason of Peter Heuser. a native of Germany.The latter was engaged as a farmer

DANE COONTT, WISCONSIN. 583and stoneiuason in that country. In 1853he came by sailing vessel to America, landingin New York after a voyage of forty-twodays, went to Eutfalo, thence to Chicago,next to Milwaukee, then to Madison andnext by team to Blue Mound township. Atthe latter place he bought 112 acres ofGovernmentland, paying ten shillings per acre,and erected a log cabin, with a grass roof andno floor. Mr. Ileuser was married in Germany,to Sophia Schneider, and they hadeight children, all of whom came withthemto this country: Mary, deceased; Jacob, afarmer of Blue Mound township; Justus, oursubject; Mary Ann, of Mt. Iloreb;farmer ofHenry, aBlue Mound township; Catherine,deceased; and Daniel, also a farmer of BlueMound township. The father died at the ageof tifty-six years, and the mother at the ageof seventy-six years. The former was buriedinthe Mt. Horeb cemetery, and the latter inthe German Lutheran cemetery in BlueMound township.Justus Heuser, the subject of this sketch,was born in Germany, February 23, 1838,attended school in his native country eightyears, and came with his parents to Americaat the age of fifteen years. He remained athome until his marriage, when he purchasedan improved farm, for which he paid $600.He now owns three good farms, consisting of405 acres, where he is engaged in generalfarming and stock-raising. He is a Republicanin his political views, has served as amember of the Board of Supervisors tenyears, and has always taken an active interestin all township offices. Mr. Heuser is aleading man in his locality, has great influenceamong his people, and deservedly hastheir esteem.He was married at the age oftwenty-fouryears, to Augusta FensteJ, a native of Germany,and they had three children: Annie,wife of Henry Maurer, of Mt. Horeb; Frank,a farmer of Blue Mound township; andCatherine, at home. For his second wifeMr. Heuser married Mary Stier, also a nativeof Gernaany. To this union has been borneight children, all at home, viz.: Augusta,Emma, Ida, Peter, Pauline, Freddie, Willieand Adolph.fOIINB. HICKS, a farmer of Danecounty, Wisconsin, was born in Dovershire,England, May 29, 1842, a son ofJohn and Mary Ann (Fincli) Hicks, bothborn and reared in that country. John B.,the eldest of four sons and four daughters,was taken by his parents to Canada at theage of two years, wiiere he received a goodpractical education. At the aire of eig-liteenyears, in 1860, he came with his parents toWisconsin, locating in Waukesha county.He immediately secured a position in theEmpire mills of Milwaukee, having learnedthe trade from his father, where he was engageduntil August 2,1804, with the exceptionof a brief period spent at Barton, Wisconsin.In that year Mr. Hicks enlisted forthe latewar, in Company H, Sixth WisconsinVolunteer Infantry, which formed a part ofthe famous Iron Brigade, or the Fifth ArmyCorps. Tlio regiment participated in theSecond battleof Hatcher's Run and AppomattoxCourt House, and after the close of thestruggle was mustered out of service atMadison, Wisconsin.Mr. Hicks then returned to his parents'home in Mapleton, AVaukesha county, thisState, next spent three years at his trade inDelafield, that county, employed two years ina mill in Michigan, worked in Colonel Saw-

584 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFyer's mill at Milwaukee until 1878, and inthat year came to Mazo Manie, Dane county.He was immediately installed as superintendentof the mills of this city, and in 1883purchased a one-fourth interest in the company.In 1890 he sold his interest to Bronson& Draper.Mr. Hicks owns a fine fertilefarm in this township, located within a mileof the incorporate limits of this city. Hevotes with the Republican party, has servedas Alderman of Mazo Manie for some time,and has been appointed to till the unexpiredterm of Mr. Taylor, as a member of theCounty Board of Supervisors.Socially, he isa member of the G. A. li.May 17, 1870, the subject of this sketchwas united in marriacre with Margaret JaneKearney, a native of Canada. They havehad nine children, as follows: Clarence,George, Mary, Lizzie (deceased), Alice, Mollie(deceased), Frank, John and Clyde.Mr. andMrs. Hicks are members of the CatholicChnrch, although the former was reared asanEpiscopalian.f

DANE OOdNTY, WISCONSIN: 585after this Mr. Khieter built a storeroom ofliis own adjoiiiiiiii;, which lie afterward occupiedfor some years, liowever, his healthfailed and he crave his business up to hissons, Julius and Christopher. liemoving toSan Bernai'dino, California, for a time he engagedin the milling business, but later retiredfrom all active pursuits. Since hisdeparture tiie sons have conducted the businesssuccessfully, buildinti; a new store in1891, on the old stand. This they now occupyand it is one of tlie most substantialbuildings on tlie street. They engage in thegrain, hay and feed business, in connectionwith their grocery business and this has becomeone of the most important adjunctsof the business, and they are prepared forit by having a warehouse that they devoteespecially to that line. In groceries theycarry a full,clean and complete stock.The birth of Herman Klueter occurredPrussia, Germany, al)0ut sixty years ago,coming of pure German stock. His fatherdied when be was young and he and hismother and sister, the latter now Mrs. Zimmerman,of Sheffield, Iowa, came to theUnited States on a sailing vessel, landing inNew York city. From that tnetropolis theycame directly to Wisconsin, where our subjectlocated in Madison and made that placehis home nntil his departure for California.While residing in this city Mr. Klueter tookan active part in local matters and for sometime served as Alderman. He was Democraticin his politics and was an active memberand ]irominent promoter of the TurnerSociety of this place; was also a member ofthe order I. O. O. F., with whom he stillafKliates. He is a member of the GermanPresbyterian Church, a good and worthy,foreign-born American citizen.The marriage of our subject took place ininMadison with Miss Mary Rodefield, born inGermany, who came when young to theUnited States with her parents and livedsome years in Schenectady, New York, comingthence to Madison, where Mrs. Klneter'sfather died. The aged mother is still livingaudboth she and her husl)and were members ofthe Lutheran Church.Mrs. Klueter, the wifeof our subject has been a true wife andmother, and is with her husband in California.She is also a member of the Church ofher husband, the German Lutheran. Plightchildren were born to Mr. and Mrs. Klueter.One son, Edward, and a daughter, Bertha,the former died at the ageof eleven, the latterat the age of sixteen years. The livingmembers of the family are as follows:a clerk inbrothers; Julius isIVIary,a store and at present lives with hera member of the businessfirm, a very promising young man of goodhabits, belonging to the Masonic fraternity.No. 12, and K. of P.;he is a member of theCity Council, having been elected from theThird Ward, is a Democrat in his politicsand has been active in local afiiiirs, lie is yetunmarried and resides with his brothers andsister; Christian, the next child, is alsoanother member of the firm, and witli hisbrother manages the business; Minnie iswith her parents in California, as is alsoHerman and Henry. The children belongparents, the Ger-to the same church as theirman Presbyterian.^iLBERT E. LANSING, a prominentfarmer and resident of Bloominij Grove^^ township, was born in Vienna, Waynecounty, New York, August 31, 1810. Hisfather, was Robert W. Lansing, one of theearly settlers of Dane county; andthe grand-

586 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFfather of the subject of this sketch wasGarrett Robert Lansing; tl)e latter a farmerby occupation spent his last days in theMohawk valley. The father was reared inhis native State. His opportunities forsecuring an education were very limited, buthe was very studious and acquired a goodamount of schooling and was admitted to thebar. He was afterward appointed JReceiverat the Government land office at MineralPoint, Wisconsin, and emigrated thither,accompanied by his wife and eight children.They came l)y the lakes from Buffalo toMilwaukee and thence by stage to MineralPoint. He remained there two or three years,then removed to Madison, making thejourney with teams. At that time Madisonwas only a small village and the surroundingcountry was very sparsely settled.Mr. Lansing,Sr., opened and operated a hotel hereand also practiced law. After he had beenhere two or three years he purchased a tractof land in Blooming Grove township, makingthat his home, although he continued thepractice of law until his death, in 1885, at theadvanced age of eighty-tive. The maiden?iame of the mother of our subject wasElizabeth Hardy, born in New York, daughterof William Hardy, a farmer, wiio spent hislast years in the State of New York. Themother of our subject died, March 11, 1873,aged seventy-tour. She reared eight children.Our subject remembers very well theincidents of the journey to Wisconsin andthe pioneer life here. He received his earlyeducation in the crity schools of Madison,after wliicii he attended the schools of Newark,New York. After his return from New York!ie settled in Blooming Grove townshipand engaged in farming, remaining until1883, when he entered the service of theGovern meat »8 clerk in the Depot Quartermaster'sDepartment, being stationed atNatchez and Vicksburg for about two years.He then went to Missouri and engaged insteamboating on the Osage and Missouririvers for about two years, then returned toBlooming Grove township and resumedfarming. He is now the owner of a wellimprovedfarm on section 17.April 14, 1874, he married Mary E. Brink,born in Mount Vernon, Wisconsin, daughterof Byron and Laura (Malone) Brink.Mr. andMrs. Lansing have three children living:Maud E., Susie A. and Laroy E. Albert E.,their third child, died in infancy.Mr. Lansingis a Democrat in politics, like his fatherbefore him, and is firm in his adherence tohis party.His parents were members of theEpiscopal Church, in which faith our subjectwas reared. Mr. Lansing is a man who enjoysthe respect of a large circle of friends he hasgathered about him by his own pleasant andobliging manner and honest integrity ofcharacter.tlLLEWIS, a merchant tailor of MountHoreb, Dane county, Wisconsin, is a* son of Lars Hermundson, a native ofNorway, where he worked at the tailor'strade. In 1862 the family came by sailingvessel toAmerica, having spent eight weeksand two days on the ocean, and landed inQuebec. July 6, 1862, they settled iu Stoughton,Wisconsin, where the father and sonsworked on a farm for a time, and later theformer began his trade in Cambridge, Danecounty. Two years afterward the familybought two acres of land at McFarland, wheretlicy immediately took up their residence.Mr. and Mrs. Hermundson were the parentsof nine children, viz.: Hermon, deceased in

DANE COUNTY, W18C0NHIN. 587Matlison; Erick, a farmer and tailor ofMcFarlaud; Christopher, who served threeyears in the regular army, assisted in drivingaway the Indians at the Curtis massacre,took part iii other Indian engap;ements, andhas not been heard from for over six years;Sophia, deceased in infancy, Lars H., oursubject; Syver, who died at the old homesteadin McFarland; Ole, deceased at the sameplace; Sopliia, wife of Hans K. Levang, ofBrandon, Douglas county, Minnesota; andNels, deceased at the age of three weeks.Lai's 11., the subject of this sketch, wasborn in Norway, January 3, 1847, attendedthe common scliools in that country, andlearned the trade of a tailor from his father.He came to America with his parents, wlierehe again entered school, and afterward graduatedin the business course at the WorthingtonCommercial College. At the age ofeighteen years he began work at anything hecould find to do, and later followed his tradefor a time in Madison. Mr. Lewis was marriedto Julia Torguson, a native of Norway,but who came to this country with herparents at the age of five years.They locatedin Sun Prairie township, Dane county,Wisconsin.The father died in Perry township,this county, and the mother now resides withthe youngest daughter at Stoughton. Sevenof their children stillwife of our subject;survive, namely: Julia,Martha, now Mrs. JohnHanson, of Forward, Dane county; Annie,wife of John Johnson, of Sacred Heart,Minnesota; Threna, wife of Gunder Erdahl,of Stoughton; Jacob, of the same jdace;Johanna, wife of Knute Lunde, and Andrew,both also of Stoughton.Mr. and Mrs. Lewishave iiad nine children: Emma Sophia, wife ofE. C. Elbeu, of Mount Hoi-eb; Thai, at home;Henry, attending the high school at PlackEarth; Louisa, attending school at the sameplace; Sarah, Lena, Isaac and Clara, at home;and Theodore, deceased. Mr. Lewis nowowns a line tailor shop at Mount Iloreb,where he has a good trade. He is reliableand accommodating, and speaks both Englishand Norwegian fluently.m^EORGE P. MILLER, president of.IWfftheMiller Lumber Company, Madison, Wis-W^' cousin, IS a young man ot more thanordinary business ability and enterprise.He was born in Glenbeulah, Sheboygancounty, Wisconsin, Fel)ruary 18, 1868, sonof Philip and Mary Josephine (Uohogne)Miller. His father, a native of Germany,came to America when only a year old, andhis mother, who was born in Marseilles,France, came to this country at the age oftwenty years. They were early settlers ofMilwaukee, Grandfather Miller at one timehaving owned the greater part of the jjresentsite of that city. Philip Miller was a lumbermanand merchant. He and his wife hadthree children, two sons and a daughter.William Joseph is engaged in farming atAustin, Alinnesota. Marion is the wife ofE. II. Stei'ling, and is also a resident of Austin.The parents reside there, too.George P. Miller receivedhis early educationin the public schools of his native city.He graduated in the high school at Sheboy-Falls 188- d tl len, a t th offourteen, entered Ri[)on College. In 1884he left college and taught school oneyear atWaldo, Wisconsin. He afterward returnedand completed his junior year in the modernclassical course. This was in 1887. Thenhe was employed as traveling salesman forRadford Bros. & Co., of Oshkosh, Wisconsin,selling lumlier, sash, doors and blinds,

5i

DANE COUUTT, WISCONSIN. 589Cliaiify and Fannie (llaincs) Ishani, tlieformer a native of Connecticut.Mr. Ishaniwas reared on his father's farm, and attendedthe common schools. At the age of eighteenyears he was employed by the Boston &Providence Railroad Company, and stationedat Roxbnry, near Ijoston. lie was engagedas a lireman on the road until meeting; witha bad accident, after which he resigned hisposition. Mr. Isham was then engaged inthe horse ti-ade in New Yoi'k, next as o\"erseeron the construction railroad in Massachusettsabout four years, and then beganhotel keeping in Earlville, New York. In1843 he came by wagon to Wisconsin, havingbeen three weeks from Fredonia to Jauesville,and at that time the country was new. Hebought 520 acres of laud whei-e Stoughtonnow stands, erected a small house, and purchaseda few cows in Janesville.Durino; thelate war he speut two years in Stoughton, engagedin the produce business. Mr. Ishamnow owns 160 acres of fine land.He was married in July, 18-10. to JaneArnold, a native of Washington, Massachusetts,and they have had five children :ArnoldH., deceased; Mary Jane, Theresa Reed,Fannie R. and Cora C.Mr. Ishani affiliateswith the People's party, and has never aspiredto public office.fOHNT. KING, a successful businessman of Madison, Wisconsin, was born inJefferson county, New York, December14, 1850, a son of Lorenzo D. and Julia A.(Schyver) King. His mother's people werefrom Pennsylvania, his father's from Vermont,and the paternal grandmother was ofFrench descent.Lorenzo King, a clergymanin tiie Methodist Episcopal Church, came to39Wisconsin in 1^49, and the following yearbought and improved a tract of land in Dodgecounty.The subject of this sketch spent his boyhooddays on the farm, workinir during thesummer months, and attending school in thewinter. His father died when he was fourteenyears of age, and his mother when hewas nineteen.In 1807 he was engaged withhis brother in getting out wood for the UnionPacific railroad in Wyoming; next was employedinthe machine shop, and then workedat farm labor. At the age of twenty yearshe was an engineer on the Union Pacific railroad;in 1873 returned to this State; inAugust, of the same year, and in companywith an older brothei-, engaged in the leadmines, in operating a drill for the DiamondDrill Wnrks of Philadelphia; but two yearslater, on account of his wife's health, he returnedto Fox Lake, Wisconsin, where heopened a small machine shop. In November,1877, Mr. King came toMadison, Wisconsin,where he was employed as assistantengineer on the State capital, also on thePark Hotel. In 1880 he began work withW. G. Walker & Co., manufacturers of printingpresses. Mr. King has ol(tained si.x differentpatents on the Prouty printing press,all of which are now in use, and has alsotaken out a patent for a steam heater. In1885 the lirm of King & AYalker was organized,general dealers in Imilers and engines.The business has grown from infancy to thebest in its line in Wisconsin.Mr. King was married in Dodge county,Wisconsin, August 17, 1872, to Mary A.Craig, a native of that county, and a daughterof Samuel Craig, a fanner of Dodge county.To this union has been born one child, GilbertW., wlio died in November, 1891, ac/edsixteen years. Mr. King is a Republican in

I'ofIdanghterS'.IO BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFhis political views; socially, is a Royal ArchMason. K. of r. ami an Odd Fellow.IHELSON W. riERCE, inan;\ger of thefreieht otlice of theChicairo, Milwaukee& St. Paul Railroad, at iladison, is thesubject of this sketch,lie was born in Kingston, Xew Jersey, April 10, 18-18, and wasthe son of William A. and Adaline (Vantilburg)Pierce. The father was born andreared in Dutchess county, New York, andhis mother at Kingston, New York. Byoccupationhis father was a farmer and speculatorusing his money wisely and livingupon the investments. There were but twochildren in the family, our subject and onesister. Mrs. Mary A. Robinson, who residesin the city of Chicago, and is the proprietressof the Hotel Gladstone on Michiganavenue.The mother of Mr. Pierce died when oursubject was but twelve yearsof age, but thefather survived her until 1879, when he joinotlher in the realms of bliss. Nelson was edu,cated at the common schools of Kingston andspent one year at Lawrenceville, New Jersey.When he started into business life it waswith the post office as clerk in Princeton, NewJersey, and remained there one year. At theclose of that time he entered the telegraphbusiness in the employ of the Camden i*cAmboy Railroad, which branch now forms wpart of the gnat Pennsylvania system. Asinstructor our subject had Robert Stuart, whonow is superintendent of the Baltimore A:Ohio Railroad Telegraph Department.Mr. Pierce continued under Mr. Stuart fortwo years thoroughly learning his business,lie then came to the State of Wisconsin andlocated at Milwaukee in 18()7. entering theemploy of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St.Paul Railroad. He was soon given a positionat Watertown, Jefferson county, and was thentransferred toWatertown Junction, where hebecame the freight and ticket agent. Whilel)ere he opened a hotel and eating house callingit the •' Bay State" House, but lie liadnot conducted this establishment long beforeit was burned out, entailing a loss upon himof ^2,000. However he soon rebuilt andstarted airain, conducting it until he wasappointed by the company as special travelingand passenger and freight agent atI'ortlaiui,(h-Cir

DANE GUIINTY, W ISCoX.'^rN. S'Jlpiiternal o;reat-o-randl'atlier was a lievoliitioiiarysoldier, and met an accidental deathwhile iTossini^ a stri^ain. 'J'he niat(U'nalgrandfather, John Harher, was a I'n^shyterianminister and a pi

592 BIOORAPHWAL REVIEW OFwere members for many years of the BaptistCIhutIi.Our subject was reared and educated in hisnative town, residing with liis parents untilhe reached the age of twenty-three. At thatage, in 1850, he came to Wisconsin, viaBuifalo and the lalces to Milwaukee, wlierc hewas taken sick and remained ill so long thatwhen he recovered he was not only out ofmoney but in debt to bis landlady and thedoctor. As soon as able lie sought work,and fortunately Hiet Mr. Judkins, a carpenterand builder, then residing in Milwaukee,later of Dane county. This gentleman engagedour subject to work for him at $12per month. He followed bis trade in Milwaukee,wliich was then a small phice, until1860, sometimes being employed by ttie railroad.At the later date he, with a party ofothers, went to Pike's Peak, making thejourney across the plains. When he arrivedhe found that gold was not as plentiful ashad been represented, and after remaining ashort time he returned home. While workingat his trade he had purchased a tract of landby working for it.After his return he commencedimproving it, and from that timedevoted much of his time to agricultural])ursuits. He resideti on this farm until hisdeath, which occurred April 30, 1890.lie married, December 25, 1861, Mary E.Hall, born in O.xford, New Hampshire,(laughter of John Hall, a native of the sametown. Her grandfather was a native of NewEngland and a farmer in the town of Oxford,where he spent his last years. Tiiefather of Mrs. Libhy was married in NowHampshire, but a few years later removed toVermont, where he died at the age of thirtysix.The maiden name of the mother ofMrs. Libby was Sully (irimes, born at Oxford,New Hampshire, daughter of NathanGrimes. She survived her husband manyyears and came to Wisconsin in 1857, locatingin Madison, where she resided for someyears, but spent her last days with her son,George W., at his home, two and one- halfmiles from Evansville, liock county.Mrs. Libby commenced teaching at Winchendon,Massachusetts, andin other towns,until coming to Wisconsin with her motherin 1857. After arrival in Dane county shetaught school for some time, and attachedherself to pupils and patrons alike. Mrs.Libby and her children occupy the old homesteadin Blooming Grove. Mrs. Libby hasthree sons: Charles J., John L. and Benjamin.Mr. Libby was an industrious and enterprisingman, a good husband ami father andkind neighbor. He was a great reader ofgood literature and was always well postedon all the events of the day. In politics hewas a Republican and in religion a Methodist.Bloomincr (irove lost a jjood, inlluential citizenwhen death claimed Mr. Libhy for itsown.-Hs^3-t'?OHN S. LINDLEV, a retired farmerliving at 231 West Gillinal street inthe city of Madison, Wisconsin, is thesubject of this sketch. After an active lifefor many years the quiet and comfort of acity home is very grateful and enjoyable.The subject was i)orn in Jennings county,Indiana, January 7, 1^20, and he was rearedto the life of a farmer, living in both Jenningsand Jackson counties untilhis removalto Wisconsin. The father of our subjectcame from sturdy Green Mountain stock,Alvin Lindley having been born iuthe Stateof Vermont, where he grew to man's estateand then reiiiovetl to Indiana. The elder

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 593Mr. Lindley settled in Jefferson county, andtliere followed agricultural pursuits and theremet the good woman who later became biswife. Her name was Nancy Welch and herbirthplace was Kentucky, where she wasreared. Her father was opposed to slaveholding,and that caused his removal to Indiana.livedFor some years Mr. Lindley and wifein Jefferson county, and then removedto Jenning-s county, and still later to Jacksoncounty, Indiana, where they remaineduntil they made a last change into Kansasand there died at an advanced age. Theywere members of the Roman Catholic faithand were good and pious people. Our subjectis one in a family of seven, and five ofthese are yet living.The marriage of Mr. Lindley took placewhile he was living in Jackson county, Indiana,to Miss Christina Mahon, who wasborn in that county and there reared tohappy maidenhood. She came of Irishparentage and has developed into a noblewoman. Seven children have been added tothe family, and they are named as follows:Thornton, who lives in the AVest; he graduatedfrom Wisconsin State LTni versify;Addie, also a graduate of the Wisconsin StateUniversity, married Mr. Reed, an attorney inMerrill, Wisconsin; Daisy, also graduatedfrom the university, became a teacher andmarried James Goldweather, who is a teacher,the principal of a school in Wisconsin;Charles adopted a railroad life and residessome place in the West; and Lena is now astudent inthe third year at the university.Mr. Lindley has lived in Madison for thepast six years. His farm of 240 acres islocated on section 14, Springfield township,and he moved from there in 1SS6. He cameto Dane county, Wisconsin, in 1852, andpurchased his linefarm in Springfield townshipin 1853, settled here and made it afirst-clasa grain farm. This was the firstplace he located at after leaving his old homein Indiana, and here he successfully laboreduntil 1886, when he decided to lay aside thecares of farm life and move into the city andtake advantage of the tine university therefor the education of his children, allof whomhave developed very intelligent minds.Three of his children have already graduatedwith honor from that excellent institution,much to the pleasure and gratification oftheir parents, who are interested in educationalmatters.Mr. Lindley is a sound Democrat in hispolitical opinions and bravely upholds theprinciples of Democracy. Both he and MrsLindley attend the Unitarian Church and areliberal in their religious belief. They aregood, excellent people, commanding the respectofall.ILLIAM II. DENISON, a jtrominentand popular young business man ofl^^^l^ Madison, AVisconsin, whose honestand well-directed efforts have raised himfrom obscurity to his present position ofwealth and influence, was born in the cityof his residence, August 12, 1858.His partents were Henry and Mary (Pyncheon) Denison,the former a native of Brookfield, NewYork, and the latter born in Madison in1846, when it was but a village, and Wisconsinhad not yet assumed the dignity of statehood.Mr. Denison's father, a horseshoer byoccupation, enlisted in the late war, andwhile in the service, in 1865, was drowned.His loss was lamented by all who knew hissterling qualities and unassuming character.His widow afterward married John B. Eu-

694 BIOORAPHICAL REVIEW OFgene, a prosperous and respected buoiuussman of Green Hay, Wisconsin.The subject of this sketch, an only child,was but seven years old at the time of hisfatlier's death. He was reared in Madison,where he attendedthe common schools untilhe was fifteen years of age, when he begandi-iviiiir a dray for John Pjncheon, hismother's brother. He continued to work fora salary one year, and then bought the business,and since 1874 has been engacred ingeneral freighting on his own account. Hisgrandfather, William Pynchoon, was theoriginator of tiie business, having started ina very humble way some years before thebirth ot the present owner. At that earlyday the outfit consisted of one horse, lontrpast its prime, and a dilapidated wagon, whichwere housed in a small shed. To-day thegrandson has a substantial brick structure,which is capable of accommodating scores ofhorses, numerous carriages, floats and wacrons,besides the stock and wagons of the AmericanExpress Company, wiio patronize his 6tal)Ie.The greater part of the city's commerce istransported by the teams of this establishment,and the i-evenue derived therefrom isconsiderable. By economy and skillful managementthis has accumulated until Mr.Denison is probably now as comfortablysituated, in a pecuniary sense, as any personin the city. Mr. Denison makes a specialtyof shipping ice, which in itself is exceedinglyremunerative.This is gathered duringthe winter and shipped to the East, and tothe Union Stock Yards, at St. Louis, Missouri.Mr. Dennison was married in 1876 toAnna Sullivan, a native of Madison, to whichcity her parents came in an early day. Thisunion was aimulled by death in 1891, whenthe devotedwife was called from earth, leavingmany friends to mourn her loss.As a citizen and business man Mr. Denisonis known as a person of correct princiciplesand unerring judgment, while in sociallife his actions are characterized by a genialhospitality, attracting to his standard all withwhom he comes in contact.^APTAIN NELSON li. DUAN, aa farmer, resident of the town of Rutland,was born in Lowell, Penobscotcounty, Maine, February 23, 1826. Hisat her, Joshua L. Doan, was born in thesame town, and bis father, Ebenezer Doanwas born in Portland, Maine, and became apioneer of Lowell. He reclaimed a farmfrom the wilderness and resided there untilhis death. The father of our suhject was anatural mechanic, but never leai'neil a trade.He resided in Maine until 18-19, and thencame to Wisconsin, settled in liutland, engagedin farming, and has been a farmerthere ever since. He is now eighty-five yearsof age, but is well preserved. The maidenname of the mother of subject was Ilachellayden, who was born inthe town of Lowell^Maine, and died in liutland. She rearedeight of her eleven children, namely:IliramH., Nelson R., Regilla C, George W., JeremiahD., Charles L., Louisa and Luke.Our subject received his early education inthe district school of his native town. Hewas thirteen years of age when he came toWisconsin with his parents. They made thetrip via steamer from Bangor toBoston, fromthere by rail to Albany, thence by canal toBuffalo, by lakes to Milwaukee, where theytook an o.\ team and finished the trip toDane county. At tliat time the section of

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 595coniitry was but little improved, and most ofthe laud was owned by the Government. Asthere were no railroads Milwaukee was thenearest market. Our snl)ject continued hiseducation at Madison and Evansville Academy,and at the early age of twenty commencedteaching.At the lirst call for volunteers he enlistediu Company C, First Wisconsin VolunteerInfantry, served UTitil the expiration of histerm, inSeptember, 18(51, and then again enlisteilas Orderly Sergeant, in Company 15,Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry, but was soontransferred to Conipany I, and was promotedto Second Lieutenant, then First Lieutenantiand then Captain. The regiment participatedin eleven difierent engagements, the mostimportant of which was the siege of Vicksburg.He was honorai)ly discharged at theclose of the war, and returned home, resumedteachiuiT, and continued that calling until1879, when he abandoned teaching and engagedin farming. Lie is a Ilepubliean, andhas always taken an active interest in politics.He is a demitted member of C. C. WashburnPost, No. 11, G. A. R.fL.W. NEWTON, the subject of thissketch, is engaged in the blacksmith^ trade iu the city of Madison, havingestablished himself there in 1866, hence isone of theoldest men in his line in thecity.For some years he was a member of thefoundry iirm of Newton & Slater, havingspent four years in a foundry in Wat

596 Bi OUHArii 1 UAJj HEy 1 h w otand he is now serving the city as Aldernoanof tlie Second Ward for the third term-, beingalso a member of the leading committeesand President of the Board of Healtli.While living in Ohio, our subject displayedhismilitary mettle, by becoming Captain ofa company of State militia, and had the commandof a regiment for some time, and fortwenty-three days engaged in opposing Morgan'sraid in that State.lie had been offereda captaincy three times in the regularservicebut was notable to accept on account of illhealth in his family. Mr. Kewton is a manvery well known in his neighborhood, andmost highly esteemed through the city.Hisgenial, pleasant manner makes friends ofallwith whom he comes in contact.[ALTER C. NOE, the secretary and adirector of tiie Fuller & JohnsonManufacturing Company, of the cityof Madison, is the subject of the presentsketch. He has held his present positionsince the business was started in 1883. Hewas formerly secretary of the old companyfrom which this one was formed, which wasknown as the Madison Plow Company. Mr.Noe was one of the promoters and incorporators,as well as secretary of the old MadisonPlow Company while it was in existence underthat name. The plow company wasstarted in January, 1880, and the firstpresidentwas Frank II. Firman. It has hail asteady growth since it started and em|)loys300 men, and is the leading manufactory ofthis kiixl in the State, having business bothin the Northwest as well as in the Southwest.Mr. Noe, of this notice, came to the cityof Madison in 1876 and in the fall of thatyear he started the business of plow manufacturingunder the hrm name of the Billinir& Xoe Plow Company, the former now deceased.It was continued until 1880, whenthe Madison Plow Company was incorporated.Mr. Noe came to this city from St. Louis,Missouri. He was born in the northern partof old Virginia, and was reared and educatedin his native State, and came West when stilla young man.His father, Crowel Noe, was a native ofVermont and came of French ancestry. Hehad grown up in his native State, where hebecame a contractor and then went to Virginia,where he married Miss Mary Spaulding,who was born and reared in Maryland,and whose ancestry is the same as that ofBishop Spaiilding.Mr. and Mrs. Noe livedin Virginia, and there Mr. Noe died at theage of sixty-seven, but the mother of oursubject came West a little later and died inMadison, Wisconsin, at about the age as washer husband. Both had been members ofthe Presbyterian Church. Our subject wasone of six children, but he and one sister,Mrs. William Jameson, of St. Louis, are theonly ones remaining.Mr. Noe was married inMadison, to MissJessie Bartlett, who was born reared andeducateil in the city of Madison. Her parentscame here from New England, and herfather, Seth Bartlett. is yet living in thiscounty, a farmer and is now quite on inyears. Mr. and Mrs. Noe are members ofthe Episcopal Church, and Mr. Noe has beenAlderman of the Second Ward of this city.He is a Democrat in politics and is quite decidedin his views. Mr. and Mrs. Noe arethe parents of four children, namely: WalterB., Roberta, Mary and Edgar.^^^ fj^®.^ ::r

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 597P^A-LLECK K. Iv( )E, a successful farmerM\ of -Dane county, was bom on section 22,'W>i Pleasant Springs township, this county,December 10, 1847, a son of Knudt andAnna (Johnson) Halleckson, both born andreared in Norway. In 1840 they left theirnative country for the United States, locatingfirst in La Salle county, Illinois, three yearsafterward went to Racine county, Wisonsin,and the following year, in 18-44, came toDane county, this State. They were theparents of two sons and five daughters, and asketch of our subject's only brother, (). K. Roe,will be found in this work. The father diedin 1S73, and the mother still resides on theold homestead, aged seventy-five years.llalleck K. Roe received but few educationaladvantages, and in early life beganwork on the farm. After the father's deaththe estate was divided between the twosons,our subject, being the eldest, received 160acres of land, and his brother 120 acres.Mr. Roe takes no active interest in politics,but votes with the Republican party. Religiously,he is a member of the LutheranChurch.fg||[ERNER--^^^'.^'^^^^/^^IIILGERS, a farmer ofjffl| Dane county, was born in C-rerniany,["^^y^ in 1840, a son of Casper Ililgers.The lattercame to America in the spring of1867, and immediately began farming on200 acres of land purchased by his son, inWisconsin, for which he paid $8, 000, paying$600 down. The land was under cultivation,but had poor buildings. In 1881 Mr. Hilgersrenced the farm to his son, and movedto Scott county, Minnesota, where he died inFebruary, 1884, aged sixty-seven years.Heleft about $8,000 to his widow and nine livingchildren. The mother still resides inthat State, aged seventy-seven years.Werner Ililgers, the subject of this sketch,came from Liverpool to New York in 1805,at the age of twenty-five years, and immediatelycame to his present iioine in Springfieldtownship, Wisconsin. He was the firstof the family to come to this country. Hewas married afew years aftei-ward, and theybegan life on her father's fanu, which theyrented twelve years. Mr. Ililgers thenrented his father's farm, and for the pastthree years has been working both farms, consistingof 350 acres. In 1888 lie purchasedthe Zeigler estate, consisting of 150 acres,for $5,000, which contained the same oldhewed log house and barn he had helpedbuild in 1872. lie is now erecting a newframe house, into which he will move as soonas completed.Mr. Ililgers was married in this county,in 1869, toMiss Christine Ziegler, who wasborn in Germany in 1848, and was broughtto this country by her father, John Ziegler,in 1852. They have had twelve children:Mary, deceased in infancy; Casper, agedtwenty-three years, married Lena Acker;John, aged nineteen years; Mary, seventeenyears; Theodore, fifteen years; Martin, thirteenyears; Katie, eleven years; Matthew,ten years; Adeline, nine years; Lizzie, sevenyears; Peter, four years; and Anna, two years.The children have all received a good Germaneducation. Politically, Mr. Hilgers isa Democrat, and religiously, isC :^a Catholic.K^ATHEW J. HOVEN, one of theleading butchers, packers and dealersin live-stock, is operating two marketsin the city of Madison. One of these

598 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFmarkets, the Second Ward market islocatedat the corner of Ilamilton and Miftin streetsand the other at the corner of State and Grahamstreets. These markets give employmentto ten men all of the time and are consideredto be two of the best markets in thecity. The Second Ward market has been inexistence for the past twenty years and aboutsix years ago he started his other one. Mr.Iloven has been engaged in this businessever since he came to Madison, in 1868.Our subject is a German by birth, havingbeen born near the river Rhine, not far fromthe famous Cologne, in 1845, June 9. liegrew up in his native land and learned thetrade he has since so successfully])ursued inthis country. He was yet a young manwhen he left the homo of his childhood tocross the great ocean. Mr. Hoven came directly to Madison upon liuiding, and wasabout tweiitv-one wlicn he beinin work at liistrade witlun iier limits.Mr. Hoven is a son of Peter and Annie(Esser) Hoven, both born, reared and marriedon the Rhine, not far from Cologne.These two old people are still living in thehome of their childhood, hale, active people,members of the Catholic Church, witii whichthey have been connected all their lives.The father has been engaofed in the raanufactureof wagons for many years. Our subjectis the only member of his family who cameto the United States. Two brothers, Remiiardtand John, botii yet live in Germany.Tliey are both married and the former followsthe same trade as our subject, tiiehas sncceeded to his father's trade.latter(3ur sulijeut was married in Madison, toMiss Meiinda Statz, who was reared and educatednear ('oloujiie, Germany, and came tothe United States witii herparents, Williamand Maggie (Fischer) Statz, who settled on afarm in Bering township, Dane county,where they are now residing, theseventy-six, while hiswife numbers seventythreeyears.father agedThey are members of the CatholicChurch, of which our subject and wifeare also members.Mr. Hoven has served asan Alderman of the city for four years andtwo years of that time was the presidingofficer ofthe Council.Mr. Hoven is a member of the K. of P.Madison Lodge Xo. 12, in which he has filledthe office of Treasurer. He is also a memberofthe Maennerchor and other local orders.Mr. and Mrs. Iloven are the parents offive children, as follows: Rachel, Mamie,Lucy, Elizabeth, and Joseph.r^mRS. CORNELIA I'YBURX, thewidow ofThoinasPyburn.a tiioroui^h-^^ going farmer, of Sun Prairie, Wisconsin,is living on section 24. Mr. Pyburudied, February 22, 1890. His father had beena native of Ireland. The father and motherof Mrs. Pyburn were born in New YorkState. For about fifteen years Mr. Pyburn,followed a scnifaring life and was captain ofa vessel on the Atlantic Ocean. The fatherand mother came to Wisconsin about fiftyyears ago, from New York and located inOzaukee county. They came via Erie canaland the lakes to Milwaukee and from therewith ox teams to tlie place of settlement,requiring about four days to make the lastpart of the trip. He was the first farmerthat had a horse team. At that time thecountry was heavily timbered, of which hesecured eighty acres, unimproved. Tliere hebuilt a log house and commenced to make ahome and cleared oft" fifteen acres, cuttingandbui-ning up tlie logs as timber which then

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 509had no value. The country soon becamesettled and at this time the wilderness wasturned into a prosperous coinninnity. CaptainThomas oon tinned in the original house andthen sold the plaee and moved to Saginawcounty, Michigan, where ho bought animproved farm and died about five yearsafter and the family stilloccupy the place.Mr. Pylmrn''s fatiier came here fromIreland after the death on his first wife, settledon a farm near Milwaukee, from theremoved to Ozaukee county, tiience to Calumetcounty and lived there on the interest of hismoney until his death.Captain and Mrs. Thomas were the parentsof four children, namely: Theodora, Henrietta,Cornelia and Mathew J., and three of theseare yet living.Mr. Pyburn was born inIreland and cameto this country with his father when fouryears old. lie remained with him untiltwenty-two, attended the district school andpassed his youth on the farm.Mrs. Pyburnwere married, December 24, 1863, in Ozaukeecounty and remained at her father's homefor one year, then Mr. Pyburn etdisted inCompany G, First Wisconsin Heavy Artilleryfor two years of the war, Init only hadninemonth of service. He returned and settledon his f'M'm in Ozaukee county, wherti theycontinued about twenty years. They thensold out and removed to liacine, Wisconsin,where they bought twenty acres of land anda house and lot in town and there they livednearly three years, then sold and moved toDane county to the present location of Mrs.Pyburn. Here they bought seventy-eightacres, upon which was a nice house, alsofences and improvements. Mr. Pyburnimproved the place still further, but died in1890, am' new rests in the Pierceville cemetery.This union was l)lessed witli sevenchildren, all of whom are living, namely:Frank, married, works at blacksmithing atC'olumbus; Thomas lives on the homestead;John works a farm near, as also does William;Anne married Jolm Harlaiid, in Danecounty; James and Eddie are at home.Allof the children endeavor to keep togethernear home and always take dinner with theirmother on Sunday. The entire family seemvery much attached to each other. She hasmanaged the farm very successfully, is a capable,intelligent lady, and one who is mostiiighly respected in the neighborhood. Hertheory is that children should be taught towork and know somethinir of the duties oflife. She has been a kind and indulgentparent and has reared her children to beuseful members of society and this is apleasant family, where the children delightinhonoring their mother.lUrCTOR E. PECK, projirietor of theWest Madison Hotel, of Madison, wasborn in Genesee county. New York,April 25, 1827. IHs great-grandfather wasone of three brothers born in England, andcame to America in Colonial times. Hewas a soldier in the Revolutionary war. Hisson, Ebenezer Peck, removed from Vermontto Genesee county. New York, and s])entthe remainder of his days on a farm in Middleburytownship. His son, Ebenezer Peck,and the father of our subject, was l)orn inShoreham, Addison county, Vermont, in1804. When quite young he removed withhis parents to New York, where he wasreared and educated. la 1827 he returnedto his native State,was employed as clerk inMid.lleton, and February 24, 1829, wasuniteil in marriaore with Rosaline Willard.

600 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFAfter luarriage he was engaged in farmingon his father-in-law's farm in Vermont threeyears, and then settled on his father's farm.Previous to his marriage Mr. Peck had traveledinthe Western country, and in 1835 hecame to the then Territory of Wisconsin, incompany with his two brothers, Stephen andJohn ^lullett. At that time AVisconsin wasa wilderness, inhabited by Indians and wildanimals, and not a house marked the nowprosperous city of Madison. After farminghere about one year he returned to New Yorkfor his wife and infant son, and they thenmade an overland journey to Blue Mound,Wisconsin. The family remained there untilApril 13 of the same year, and then startedwith teams, Mrs. Peck riding an Indian pony.The following is taken from Mrs. Peck's accountof the journey: '>We traveled aboutseven miles where some person had made aclaim, and had laid about live rounds of logsfor a cabin. We camped therein that night,with a tent over us. The ne.\t day, the 14th,we pushed on. A more pleasant day I neverwish to see, but 1 had a severe headache beforenight. We pitched our tent on a littlerise of ground within three miles of Madison,spread down our beds, and rested comfortablyuntil near three o'clock Saturday morning,when we were awakened by a tremendouswind-storm and howling of wolves. Wefound snow five or si.x inches deep, whichcontinued to fall until after we arrived inMadison."Well now, here we are at Madison, onthe 15th, sittinc in a wagon under a treewith a bed(iuilt tlirowii over my arm andmy little boy's head, in a tremendous stormof snow and sleet, twenty-five miles fromany inhabitants. On one side Blue Mound,and on the other, 100 miles distant,Milwaukee.What is to be done? Go into thebuildings with no floors laid, and nothingbut great sleepers laid across to walk on ?Xo: I must have the buildings plastered withlime, and floors laid. Only one sawmill inthe Territory, and that away np in the Wisconsinpinery and not completed. Of courseno lumber; but there lies a pile of puncheons.Just build me a pen under this tree, move inmy stove and we will crawl in there. Sureenough, we soon had itbuilt."completed, and a fireMr. Peck, the father of our subject, wassoon elected County Commissioner and Justiceof the Peace. In 1842 he again startedwestward, and settled in that part of the Baraboovalley near Milwaukee, in Sauk county,where he was among the pioneer settlers,lie assisted inthe organization of the county,located tlie county seat at Baraboo, and secureda tract of Government land. In 1849he started with ox teams for California, andthe last heard of him was at Port Laramie.The mother is still living in Baraboo. Theirdaughter, Victoria Wisconsin, was the firstwhite child born in that city. This was agreat event in the new settlement, and acommittee convened, of which GovernorDoty was a member, to name the child, andthe name Victoria Wisconsin was selected.She married Mr. Wheeler, and still resides inBaraboo.Victor E.Peck, the subject of this sketch,was reared to farm life. There was no railroadin Sauk county, for a number of yearsafter the family settled there, and for a numberof years he was engaged in teaming fromBaraboo to Madison and other points. In18(52 he enlisted for the late war, in CompanyD, Third Wisconsin Cavalry. The regimentwas organized at Janesville, and ordered toFort Leavenworth, where the battalion wasdivided into four parts. Mr. Peek was

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 601breveted First Lieutenant, and placed incliarije of one of the divisions, wliii^li !k^coiumatided about tliree years.After returnincrhome he was engaged in farininir for atime. In 1873 Im tooic charge of the Cliicago.Milwaukee it St. Paul Railroad employes'dininii; hall at Milwaukee, wliere lieremained until 188-i, with the exception ofone year spent in Colorado.In that year hetook charge of the emjiloyes' hotel in Madison,where he has ever since continued. Hewas married in 1879, to Mary E. Oary, andthey have one daugiiter, Rul)y C. Tiie familyare members of the Episcopal Church.fAMES-^^^^i^^i

603 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFwas born, reared and educated in that city,where she was a pupil at the CatherineBeecher School. Tiie father was l)orn inBerkshire county, Massachusetts; was educatedin the public schools of that county,where he afterward taught, and was a merchantby occupation.Edward T. Owen, the youngest of five cliildren,Graduated at Yale College in 1872;spent two years at the University of Gottingen,Hanover, Germany, one year at the Universityof Paris,France, and one year at New Haven,Connecticut, where he took the literary, historical,physiological and linguistic course.He was called to the University of "Wisconsinin April, 1878, to fill temporarily theplace of Dr. Farling. a professor of Germanand French.In 1879 he was appointed Professorof French language and literature;and in1886 was elected to the same positionin the University of California, at Berkeley,where he served one year on leave of absencefrom the Wisconsin University. In 1887Mr. Owen resumed his former place, wherehe has since remained, and for a number ofyears has also interested him.self in real estate.For the past fifteen years, by way ofrecreation, he engaged himself in the collectionof lithodoctra, at present located in oneof the university buildings, and is designedto form a part of the university collection.connection with Prof. Pasha of the Universityof California, he donated sixty volumesof French classics and eighty of the Frenchlan-'uage for the use of the students, publishedby Henry Holt, of New York. OnIllsreturn from California ho ably introducedthe elementary course in Spanish and Italian.Mr. Owen was married April 11, 1884,Emma B.and a daughter ofInPratt, a native of JJrooklyn, N. Y.,toHenry C. Pratt, a publisherof Hartford, Connecticut. A. S. Barnes, ofthe firm of A. S.Barnes & Co., was a clerk inhis store. Mrs. Owen was educated at theKenney School, of Elizabeth, New Jersey.Our subject and wife have had four children:Eniily, Gladden, Ethel and Cornelia. Thetwo youngest died in 1890, at the ages offourteen and ten years.llEDERICK LUCHSINGER, proprietorof Belleville mills, and a prominent"^p" farmer of Dane connty, Wisconsin, becamea resident of the connty in 1885, andwas born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,March 14, 1847, being a son of John andBarbara (Wild) Luchsii.ger, who were nativesofSwitzerland, where they were married, atidill 1845 came to the United States, first locatingat Syracuse, New York, later locatingat Philadelphia, until 185G, when he came toWisconsin, settling in New Glarus township.Green county, and tliere the parents of oursubject passed their last days, the father dyingin 1863, at the age of fifty-two, and the motherin1868, aged fifty-eight.The fatlier by occupation was a stonemason,a trade which he followed durinif life, althoughhe became the owner of 200 acresof land. Both parents were members of theGerman Reformeil Church. They reared afamily ofnine children, eight of whom gi'cwto maturity: Nicholas is a fruit-grower inNew Jersey, located across the Delaware riverfrom Philadelphia, although he did not leaveWisconsin until 1892; Ursula married GeorgeDittman, and resides inmarried John Ritter, ofPhiladelphia; SabillaPhiladelphia; Samuelbecame a California fruit-grower, and residesin San Jose; John is a lawyer of Monroe,Wisconsin; Barbara married Jacob Burgy,and resides in Washington, Green county,

i)A.\'h' corXT r, WISCONSIN: GOSWisconsin; Catherine married Matiiias Suessyof New Glarus, "Wisconsin; ami (_)ur subject.Our suljject was bnt nine years of agewljen the family came to Wi8c(jnsin, and liethere assisted on the farm, and attended tliecommon schools. He was married in 1S(')9to Miss Magdelena Dnerst, dauf^hter of JohnK. and I'arbara Duerst, born in New (irlarns,Wisconsin, in 1852, her parents having settledin 1847 in Green county. After marriageour subject became the owner of thehome farm of 293 acres, and tilled it untilhe came to Belleville. After coming herehe purciiased his farm of ninety-five acres inthe limits of Ltelleville, and in the fall of1891 he purchased the Belleville mills. However,he still owns his farm in Green county.The mills of which our subject is the proprietor,form one of the most valuable industriesof the place.Our subject and wifehave had a family ofnine children, as follows: Barbara; John, atelegraph operator: Fred, Robert. Maggie,Carrie, Mary, Daisy and Minnie.In politicshe is a Ilepublican, and is a Supervisor ofBelleville.a member of theIn his religions connection he isGerman Reformed ('hurcli..LEXA^'DER HAMILTON MAIN, aninfluential and prominent citizen of^^ Madison, was l>orn in Tlainfield. Otsegocounty, New York, June 22. 1824, and isthe oldest son of Alfretl and Semantha(Stillman) Main. (See sketch of Willett S.Main.)Mr. Main was only nine years old whenhis parents moved to Allegany county. NewYork, and as it was before there were anyrailroads, the trip wasmade with one pair ofhorses and u lumber wagon. They took alltheir earthly possessions with them. Ale.\-ander attended school in the new country,and then latei- attended school at AlfredAcademy. At the age of eighteen he taughtschool for one term, and then began thestudy of law. The lawyer with whom hestudied, after one year, engaged in mei'chandising,and Mr. Main clerked for him. Heclerked in Cuba and Little Genesee for fouryears, and then encased inhis own account atmerchandisino; onLittle Genesee, where hecontinued until 185C, when he sold out andcame to Madison, Wisconsin, and engaged inniercliandising with hisbi-other Willett until1860, when he removed to Sun Prairie andengaged in thesame business, also acting ascashier of Sun Brairie Bank until 1862,when he returned to Madison, and soon afterentered the insurance business, in which hehas continued ever since, and now representsmany of the largest American companies.Since 1882 he has been State agent for theGei-man American Insurance Company ofNew York. Mr. Main has been twice married,the first time to Mary M. Cottrell, whowas born in Cortland county. New York,daughter of John B. and Eunice Cottrell.This marriage occurred in September, 1852,and Mrs. ]\[ain died February, 1862. InSeptember, 1863, he was mai'ried to EmmaL. C'ottrell, sister of his first wife. Mr. Mainhas one child. Willett, l)y his first marriage,and the following by his second marriage:George C. Edward S.. Mary II., Royal C.and F'annie. ]\Ir. and Mrs. Main are membersof the Baptist Church ofMadison, Wisconsin.He cast his first vote for Presidentfor Martin Van Buren, the candidate of theFree Soil party, in 1848. He has been amember of the fiepul)lican party since itsoriianization.In 1855 he was elected to the

604 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFLegislature of New York by the liepublicans,and was the first member of that part}'elected in Allegany county. This was theLegislature that voted for the long-drawncontest over the speakership, resulting in theelection of Lucius Robinson by a combinationof soft-shell Democrats an

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. f)05the popular subject of this sketch. Mr.Hayes learned his trade under Anthony Donovan,now the prominent Municipal Judge ofMadison. After learninir his trade he was arnendjer of the firm, Donovan iz, Hayes, forthree years, after whicii Mr. Hayes becamesole proprietor of the business in 1889. Heis a skilled workman, and has a p;ood reputationas a o'ood mechanic. In his business heem] Joys one helper, otherwise he attends toall the business himself.Onr subject is a native son of the soil, havingbeen born here June 3, 1859. "Mr.Hayes was reared in the city of iiis birth, andreceived his education in the public schoolsuntil he was twenty, when he began to learnthe trade he lias since followed. He is anactive young man, taking an active part inthe affairs calculated to benefit the city. MrHayes was elected to the office of Aldermanon the Democratic ticket two years ago, andisa firm supporter of his party.Mr. Hayes is the son of Dennis Hayes, anative of Limerick, Ireland, born of Irishparents.His father spent his boyhood in idsnative city, where he learned the trade oftailor, and in 1842 came to the United Stateson a sailing vessel. After landing in NewYork he remained for a short time in Massachusetts,but later made his way toMadison,Wisconsin, where he engaged as a benchtailor journeyman, and remained in this positionuntil his death, which occurred in1862, when he was aged sixty-two. Hiswife, Ann McOormick, a native of countyTipjierary, Ireland, came to the ITnited Statesabout the same time as her husband, whomshe afterward married in Madison.She diedin Madison in 1891, aged seventy years.They had been members all their lives of theRoman Oatholic Church, being among thefirst members of the Catholic Church in40Madison, that they helped to build by contributingfunds. Tiiey were honest, goodpeople, who fully deserved the respect andesteem of all who knew them. Cur suiijectis the youngest in a family of three boys andone girl, namely: Patrick, died at the ageof twenty- three, single; James, a night yardman on the St. Paul & Milwaukee railroad ofMr. Hayes was marriei] in Madison to MissMary Barry, boi-n, reared and educated inMadison, daughter of Peter and Mary(Naughton) Barry, natives respectively ofMadison, married Anna Ingleberger; Margaret,wife of Frank liradford, railroad coniluctoron the St. l^lul railroad; and our subject.counties Limerick and Tippurary, Ireland,they were young people when they came tothe United States, and were married in Madison,and here the mother of Mrs. Hayes diedabout 1806, when only in middle life. Mr.Barry still resides in Madison at the age ofseventv-one. He has been a general merchantfor many years. Both he and hiswife were ardent and devout Catholics.Mr.and Mrs. Hayes are the parents of three children,namely: Mary P., Martha J. and JohnB. Mr. and Mrs. Ila^'es are stanch membersof the Catholic Church, and are highly respectedmembers ofsociety.^ >jEORGE M. NICHOLS, a prominentresident of Blooming Grove township,Wisconsin, is the subject of this shortsketch. He was born in Nassau, Rensselaercounty. Now York, June 1, 1805, and idsfather, John, was born in Connecticut, andthe o-randfather, as far as known, was a nativeof the same State. He was a farmer byoccupation and spent his last days in Reus-

(iO« BIOORAPHICAL REVIEW OFselaer county, New York. When JohnNichols went to New York he was a younginai),Imving been reared on a farm, althoughlie was a natural mechanic. When the firstthreshing machine was introduced into hisneighborhood he examined it a few hours andthen built one just like it. Buying a tractof land in Nassau he remained upon it for afew years, hut in180(3 here moved into Cayno-acounty, bought land near Auburn,where he lived for many years.John Nichols spent his last days with adauifhter near Rochester. Ue was one ofthe few remaining Revolutionary soldiers,and as such was entitled to a pension, butnever applied, saying that he could live withoutit, dying in his ninety-ninth year. Themaiden name of the mother of our subjectwas Sarah (Sorbin, born in New Hampshire,dauirhter of Asa Corbin. who died nearRochester, New York, at the age of sixtyyears. She reared eight children, two ofthese now living.Our subject was an infant when his parentsmoved to western New York.For yearsafter the family removed there there were norailroads nor even canals, and Albany was170 miles distant, and that was the nearestmarket and depot for supplies. lie wasreared on the farm where he resided untilhe was twenty-one years of age. Previousto this he had worked in carding mills, butlater bought a farm in Cayuga county, butas his nieans were limited lie was obliged togo into debt for the farm. An opportunitysoon occurred to sell at an advanced price,and in 1832 he went to the Territory ofMichigan. This was at the time of tiieBlack Hawk war and he was in Detroit atthe time General Scott, with his army, landedon the scene of strife.Mr. Nichols located one-half waybetweenMarshall and Kalamazoo. At that time thecountry was sparsely settled and much of theland belonged to the Government, being soldfor §1.25 per acre. Deer, bear and wildturkey were plentiful, and here our subjectbuilt a log cabin and commenced tothe place.improveThere were no railroads then andDetroit furnished the pioneers a market fortheir produce. Our subject was one ofthose who voted for the Constitution of theState of Michigan and lived there until 1842,then emigrated to the Territory of Wisconsin.Ue sent the hired man with tw'o yokeof oxen and the household goods on to Chicagoand himself and wife took the stageforSt. Josepb, tiience to Chicago l)y lake, wherethey met the teams and went on to Danecounty, where they located in wliat is nowthe town of Burke.At this place our subject took up a sectionof Government hind, where there was a loghouse, which had been built by a squatter,and into this family moved, and lived therefor two years, when he built a better house.For some yeai-s after settlement here deerand all other kinds of game were yet abundant,lie was obliged to draw all of hisproduce to Milwaukee and the rouml tri|)would take a week. At that time he soldhis wheat for fifty cents a bushel and the hotelson the way charged tifty cents for supper,lodging and breakfast for themselves andhorses, and in Milwaukee the charge for thesame accommodations was sixty cents. lieusually arranged to draw back a load of merchandise,receiving from this §1 per hundredpounds.Our subject improved the fann in Burkeand lived there for ele\en years, when hesold it and bought in the town of Bk)omingGrove, the southeast quarter of section 17,and there resided some twenty-five years.

BANE COUNT}', WISOONSIN. OUTthen trading for the farm, where lienow resides,in section 20. In 1883 lie became interestedin Florida lands and now owns anorange grove in Lake county, where hespends his winters.In 1835 our subject was married to MissMary Cressey, born in Cayuga county. NewYork, but she died in1836, 'leaving an infantson, William, who died in his eiujhteenthyear. In 1837 our subject was married toMiss Philantha Rowley, living inAusterlitz,Columbia county, New York, born thereJune 12, 1819. Her father, Alexander Rowley,was born in the same town, and his fatlier,Daniel Rowley, was born in the sameState. He was a farmer, who spent his lastyears in Austerlitz. The maiden name ofthe grandmother of Mrs. Nichols was RachelMargown, of the same State, and she spenther entire life in that place. The father hadlearned the trade of carpenter and joiner,wdiich he followed until 1841, when he emigratedto Michigan, accompanied by his wifeand five chiWren, via the Erie canal to lUiffalo,thence by lake to Detroit, and then byteam to Kalamazoo county. Some fifteenmiles fi'om Kalamazoo he purchased a tractof land and superintended the improvement(if it wliile he followed his trade, and he diedin that place. The maiden name of themother of our subject was Miss Amy Spencer,born in the same State, the daughter ofDavid Spencer, and she died on the farm inKalamazoo county.Mr. and Mrs. Nichols have one daughterliving, Marian, who married Charles Iloyt, afarmer of Blooming Grove township. Ason, Louis, born November 10, 1858, diedJuly 5, 1892; another son, George E., theeldest of the family, born Septembers, 1840,served in the late war, in Company J, Twenty-thirdRegiment, Wisconsin V\)lunteer Infantry,and died while in the service, in histwenty-second year. Formerly our suljjectwas a Whig in Ids politics, and during thelate war was a Democrat, but latterly hisviews have changed, and he isnow a Republican.M'OHN TURK, one of the prosperous and"':*:[ enterprising farmers of Black Barth-fi township, was born in Kent county, nearLondon, England, August 29, 1817, son ofSamuel Turk, also a native of Kent county.The father was a farmer by occupation, andfive children were born to his first marriage.When our subject was only a year old hismother died, and later the father remarried,and the second wife took the jjlace of the departedmother to the little step-childrenjilaced under her charge, making no differencebetween them and the three childrenshe l)ore'her husband.The father died manyyears ago, some time after his son, our subject,came to this country.John Turk did not receive a good education,as various duties prevented him embracingsucli opportunities as were offei-ed.He remained with his fathei- until twentyyears of age, and in 1842 he left home tomake his fortune in the New World. Sailingfrom London, after a voyage of Axweeks he landed in New York, July 21. Hestopped at Albany, where he remained intliebrewery business for eleven years, workingfor U. Biort, at the end of whicij period hecame to look at the tine lands in Wisconsin.In 1851 he bought his place here. Hisbrothers, James and Charles, iiad come to theState in 1843, locating upon a farm in Danecounty, and in 1843 our subject came herewith his brothers, and on his farm made themost of the improvements foi' himself.

608 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFTlie iiiairiacre of Mr. Turk took place inthe fall of 1854-, at Black Earth, with MissAugusta Osley, who was born in Lincolnshire,England, coming here when a girl.They have had a family of eight children,but three of whom are now living. Thenames of the children were: Samuel, William,Fred, Hiram, "Willis and Francis, withthose who died in infancy. Mrs. Turk diedJune 25, 1888. The sons are all farmershere in Black Earth township. Since hecame here in 1853 he has not been engagedin agricultural pursuits. lie is a Kepublicaiiin politics, and has been in several smalloffices in the township, which he has heldwith efficiency, lu his farming and stockraisin'J-he has been very successful, and hasraised a number of the finest horses in thisneighborhood. Mr. Turk is an excellentcitizen, one highly regarded.^ELLECK TOSTENSON, a farmer ofDane county, Wisconsin, was born inChristiana townsiiip, this county, October17, 1847, a son of Tosten Liverson andChristie Gunderson. The parents were bornin Flesbcrg, Norway, where they were marriei]in the spring of 1842. They came tothis township and county in October of thesame year, purchasing 100 acres of land.There were but few improvements on theplace, but before the father's death manysubstantial buildings told of his untiringenergy and desire to make home what itshould 1)6. His death occurred in Marcii,1857, and the mother still resides on the oldhomestead. They were the parents of sevenchildren, three sons and four daughters, ofwhom our subject was tiie third child in orderofbirth.Helleck Tostenson was reared to farm life,and received only a limited education.Afterthe father's death the eldest brother, Levi,was chosen administrator, and after the latter'sdeath, in 1873, our subject purchasedthe interests of the surving heirs to thehomestead, where he has since made his home.In 1890 he sold 165 acres, formerly the homeof a brother-in-law, and bought ninety acreson section 29, which he is now improving.Politically, Mr. Tostenson takes an activeinterest in the Democratic party, has heldthe office of Township Assessor two terms,and has served as Supervisor many terms.Religiously, he affiliates with the LutheranChurch.|ETER J. LOEHPtER, the genial proprietorof the Egg House of Wisconsin,located at 227 State street, wherehe has done business for eighteen months, isthe subject of this sketch. He came to thiscity in 1889, and was connected with tiieiirm of J. J. Loehrer Brothers, proprietorsof the Egg House for about two years.Hebecame a partner in the livery business whichhas been run for some two years by thebrothers. For many years our subject was aresident of Cross Plains township. Danecounty, where he was engaged for some time,cultivating a good farm, having located therein 1852. He was successful in his businessas a farmer and stock-raiser. Mr. Ldchrerwas born in the Rhine province of Frises,Germany, November 8, 1842, and was onlythree years of age wlien his parents startedfor the United States, sailing from Antwerp,landing in New York city, after a voyage offorty-two days in a sailing vessel. Theythen came to Milwaukee, landing there July

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 6094, 1846, where they lived until 1852, whenthey came with a yoke of oxen, overland ina farm wagon to Ma

610 BIOORAPUICAL BE VIEW OFwitnessed almost allthat had taken place.of the wonderful growthThere were four sons in the family: oursubject, Jesse, John and Frank. The fatherdied in 1881, hut the mother resides inMadison.The educational advantages of oursubject were few, he attending the wardschools in the city after coming jiere, butnot having any further opportunities. Atthe age of fourteen years he went to work,doing anything that came in his way.Whensixteen years old he went with his father inthe business and learned the trade of carpenter.His father had become one of the bestcontractors in Madison, and with him oursubject continued until he had reached theage ofmaturity, and then began for lumself.For seventeen years he worked for wages atS1.50 to §1.75 per day.Our subject went into contracting about1884, doing many good jobs, being very activein his line of work. This year he haderected sixteen fine residences besides anumber of business houses. At present he issenior partner in tiie linn of S. II. Longtield& Co., one of the important business interestsof this city. The mill employs some times agreat number of workmen, probably fortyare in regular employment. The plant waspurchased last year of Olson ifc Sayle.The marriages of our subject took place May12, 1876, to Margaret llines, of Madison,Wisconsin, and they have a family of fivechildren, namely: Genevieve, Freddie, Annie,Joseph and John Charles. He lost two sonsby death, namely: Jesse and Artie, l)othdying when less than two years of age.Mr. Longfield has educated his family,and his daughter Geniveve, is the bookkeeperof the firm in which her father is the principalmember. He is a Republican in his politicalbelief, but has never sought office.His religious connection is with the RomanCatholic Church, and he is regarded as one ofthe most reliable men in this city.fOHNWAKEMAN, a resident of section13, Sun I'rairie township Wisconsin, is"K. the subject of this notice. His grandfather.Abijah Wakeman, was born in Connecticut,where he became later in life a seacaptain, making a business of it, followingthe sea for a great many years and sailing toall parts of the world. He finally located inNew York in what is now Schuyler county,where he farmed for a number of years andthen removed to Missouri, where he diedsome years later. He married a native of NewFncland and four children were born intothe family. Mary married Cyrus Beardsleyand died leaving two children: Mariamarried Joseph West, who is now deceased,but she lives in Kansas cit}'; Charles wasthe father of our subject, and Harriet ismarried and lives in Kansas city.Charles Wakeman was born in Fairfield,Connecticut, in 1803 and as hisfather's lifewas mostly spent at sea he lived with hisgrandfather and attended the commonschools, receiving a fair education and wasreared on a farm. When his father quit hiswandering and dangerous life our subjectwent with the family to the home in NewYork and there learned both the trade ofharnessmaker and that of carpenter, followingthis latter trade many years. In 1844 heremoved to Wisconsin and settled in Danecounty on the farm now occupied by JohnWakeman, our subject.In the State of New York, in what wasthen Tompkins, but now isSchuyler county,he married Lydia Mitchell, whose people were

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. Gilamong the Pennsylvania Dutch.After marriagethey remained some time in tiie Eastand then started on the journey westward.Of course this was before the tiine of railroadsand the trip was made by team, canaland boat to Milwaukee, and from there thefamily of eiglit persons took a team anddrove out to the settlement.lie bought fromtlie Government, 160 acres in Sun Prairie, 50in Medina, and 50 additional at ten shillingsper acre, and all of this was good land withsufficient timber for future improvement onthe farm. The place now sliows the goodjudgment with which it was selected, beingnow among one of the best in the county.He built a log house and then the familybegan pioneer life in earnest. Tliis washard work, as at that time the countrywas but sparsely settled, only two familiesbeing within four miles. They felt keenlythe lack of churches, schools and neighl)ors.Tiieir produce was hauled to Milwaukee,sixty-five miles away, with ox teamswhen no bridges had l)een built over any butthe largest streams. In the log house thefamily made themselves as comfortalile aspossible, until 1858, when the commodiousframe house, now standing, was erected. Thefather of our subject was a prominent anduseful citizen and did liis full share in thedevelopment of the country.lie was j)ublicspirited,generous and helpful. His deathoccurred September 22, 1881, and he wasburied on the farm, near the residence whichhe had built, not far from the site of theoriginal log house.The mother of our subject died October19, 1846, and was buried by the side of herhusband and the graves are near the southeastcorner of section 13, township 8, range11, east. The father married again, liis secondwife being Mrs. Bacon, the sister of iiis firstwife, who is also dead, she passing away December10, 1878, and is buried beside theothers.Seven children were born of the firstmarriage: Thaddeus, living in Marshall;James, also in Marshall; Emily, in GrandRapids and married 13. F. Stevens; Amanda,married VI. P. Andrews and lives in Outogamiecounty, Wisconsin; Harriet, lives inGrand Rapids; John is our subject; and Sarahmarried Nelson Bacon and lives at Burkestation.Our subject was liorn in Schuyler county.New York, February 13, 1842, and now'lives in the old home and on the old farm,liaving been here since 1844. The farm,consisting of 142 acres, is his. In 18G4 hemarried Martha Hatch of Dane county,formerly of Virginia, whither her people hadcome from New York. Her death occurredJanuary 28, 1887, and he married Ella A.Rowe, of Dane county, whose parents werealso from New York. Bj' the first marriagethere was a family of four girls :Irene, Lydia,Nellie and Ilattie. Bv the second marriageanother little girl lias been added to thefamily,— Ruth E.I'olitically Mr. Wakeman is a Republicanand has taken an active part in the affairs ofthe county. He has served three times on theTown Board and has been Associate Supervisortwice and once was Chairman of the Board.Mrs. Wakeman and Miss Irene are membersof the Presbyterian Church. Mr. Wakemanis a whole-souled gentleman with many ofthe excellent traits,well andwhich made his father sofavorably known here.--^e^)NTON SGHILLINGER, aliverymanof Mazo Manie, was born in Alsace,Germany, then a part of France, January27, 1850.His parents, Anton and Bar-

613 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFbara (Acker) Scbillinger, were also born atthat place, and the father was a farmer byoccupation. Our subject, the eldest of eightchildren, five sons and three daughters, cSineon the French steam vessel, Arago, to theUnited States at the age of sixteen years,sixteen days having been consumed in thevoyage to Philadelphia. He was followed byhis parents about six years later.Mr. Scbillingerlocated at once in Springfield township,Dane county, Wisconsin, where he wasengaged in agricultural pursuits about sixteenyears. For the following eight yearshe conducted a hotel at Vernon, this county,and in the spring of 1888 began dealing infine Clydesdale horses, which he purchasedin Glascow, Scotland. Since that time hehas been engaged in the raising of fine horses,and in conducting a livery stable. lie alsoships to the pineries and Eastern markets.In the spring of 1889 he moved his familyto Mazo Manie, where ho has since lieenidentified with the business interests of thecity. Mr. Scbillinger afiiliates with theDemocratic party, but has never sought officeof any kind.lie was married in .lanuary, 1878, to GertrudeMinch, a native of Montrose township,Dane county. They have three children:Frank, Anna and Irene. The family resideinthe finest and most expensive residence inthe city, a two-story brick, whicli was erectedin 1892.Church.fOSEPnTiiey are membersjof the CatholicSCHWEINEM, now deceased,having passed away December 9, 1882,at his residence, 313 West Johnsonstreet, came to Madison early in the fiftiesand followed the trade of a journeymantailor for several years. Afterward he engagedin the ice business, buying out Mr.Warn, and greatly enlarged it, making 'itvery profitable and continuing in it until hisdeath, the widow and son then succee

DyiNE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 613the third ofsix children yet living; was verycarefnlly reared, receiving an edueatiun inthe common schools of Germany and of thiscountry; and after the death of her husbandmanaging, with ths assistance of her sons,the large business he had established. Itshould be stated that her son-in-law, also,helps to conduct the affairs of the concern.This worthy lady is the mother of ten children,seven of whom are now dead, l;utWilliam and Joseph lived to be reared tomanhood. The living are: Katie, wife ofGarrett Scliulkamp, living in Madison andconnected with the Frederickson LumberCompany; Minnie, wife of John Blied,of thefirm of Blied Eros., hardware mei'chants onState street; Lena, wife of Frank Hilgers,now running the business of his mother-inlaw.Mrs. Schweinem's children are membersof the Church of the Holy Redeemer(Koman Catholic). She is a most estimablelady, highly esteemed and possessed of excellentbusiness tact.-.-^.^^^^^)A.KSHALL M.PARKINSON, secretaryand treasurer of the MillerLumber Company, Madison, Wisconsin,is one of the most enterprising andobliging young business men of the city.Mr. Parkinson was born in F^ayette, LaFayette county, Wisconsin, September 30,1862, a son of John JJ. and Frances Jane(Gray) Parkinson. His father is a professorin the University of Wisconsin and is vicepresidentof that institution. Tiie familymoved to Madison when Marshall M. wasfive years old. After attending the publicschools, he entered the university, took aclassical course, and graduated with the degreeof 1». A. in 1884. lie served as DeputyWisconsin, and took the management ofthe lumber yards of Farliam, Allen it Co.,which place he filledmost efficiently for sevenconsecutive years. He identified himselfwith the Miller Lumber Company ofSheriff one year. Then he went to Columbus,Madisonin July, 1892, since which time he hasserved as itssecretary and treasnrer.November 26, 1889, Mr. Parkinson marriedAdelaide Newcomb, of Colnmbus, Wisconsin.They have one child, Kathryn.His political views arc thoroughly inaccord with Democratic principles, and heVice-President of the Madison ClevelandClub.fERDINAND PAPE, a farmer on hiswidowed mother's place of eighty acres.p in SjU'ingtield township, Dane county,where he was born, is a son of Frank andSusan (Shefhonsen) Pape, natives of Germany.The father came to America, also toWisconsiif, in 1849, when a sintrle man. Hewastwice married, and by his first wife hadtwo sons and three daughters. He wasafterward married to the mother of ourissul)-ject, and they also had live children. Theeldest son, Peter, is now a priest in theCatholic Church of Kenosha, and a sister nowmakes her home with him. The remainderare still at home. The father died on thefarm his widow still owns, in May, 1884,aged fifty years. He was an honest and hardworkingman. He came to this countrywith littleor no means, and, Ijeing of a kindand confiding nature, was much imposedupon, hence he left his property somewhatencumbered. But by hard work and economyhis widow has paid much of the debt leftupon the place, and has given her children a

614 BIOORAPHIGAL REVIEW OFFerdinand Pape is a younggood education.man of promise, and, like Iiis parents, is industriousand of good moral habits.^E^jMASA PAiilvER, one of the earlysettlers of Dane county, Wisconsin, wasborn inthe town of WeathersHeld, Vermont,March 15, 1843, and now resides inthe town of Rutland, Wisconsin.His father,Dexter Parker, was born in the same place,May 29, 1799, and he was a son of Isaac andEsther Parker, the former a native of Massachusettsand the latter of Connecticut, butboth passed away in Vermont.Dexter Parker learned the trade of shoemakerand for a time worked in a woolenmill, also residing in Vermont until 1844 atwhich time, accompanied by his wife andfour children, he emigrated to theof Wisconsin.TerritoryThey started with a team anddrove as far as Troy, New York, and thenwent by canal to Buffalo, then by the lakesto Milwaukee and from there b}'team acainto Rock county, Wisconsin, renting a houseabout three miles from Evansville, where thefamily resided until September. Duringthat time he had visited Dane county on aprospecting tour, was pleased with the landand bought a tract of Government land insection 31, of what is now Rutland. Herehe erected a log house into which the familymoved and here he improved a farm, remainingat this place for eleven years. Then liesold the first tract and bought forty acres,where our subject now lives and here Mr.Parker died May 23, 1853. He had marriedin Hancock, Vermont, January 21, 1829,Esther Piper, who was born August 6, 1797,in a town in western Vermont. She diedNovemlx-r 10, 1808, aged ninety-one years.She had reared a family of children: MaryE., Loran D., William H. H. and Amasa.The father was a Whig but on theorganizationof the Republican party he joined that.Our subject was but one year old when hewas brought to Wisconsin by his parents.At that time there were but few settlors inthe State and the forests were tilledwith deerand other wild game. For years after theirlocation there were no railroads and no roadsof any kind over many parts of the State.Milwaukee was the nearest market town.The father of our subject had a wagon builtto hold 100 bushels of wheat and then wouldhitch to it six pairs of oxen and make theround trip in six days. Our subject attendedthe pioneer schools and always assisted ontli9 farm. He now owns the old hointsstealand had ailed to it by purchisi until his100 acres.land amounts toThe marriage of our subject to )!v pla33March 20, 1864, when he wedded Mrs. Sarah J.(Lockwood) Spear, a native of the town ofSherburne, Vermont, and a daughter of Williamand Hannah (15arnes) Lockwood, andwidow of John D. Spear. She died September2, 1889. Her mother was born at NorthSpringfield, Vermont, May 15, 1810. Shewas adopted in infancy by her maternalgrandparents,Benjamin and Sophia Barnes,natives of Providence, RDck Island, and |)ii5-noersof Springfield, where she was reared andmarried Mr. E. tr. Loiikwool at the a^^e ofnineteen. He vvas b )rii in Springfield, Vermont,a so[i of Abel and Anna (Ada'os)Lockwood. The father of Mrs. Parker wasyoung when his parents moved to Chautauquacounty. New York, and there his motherdied when he was seven years of age and hereturned to Vermont to live with his maternalgrandparents in Springfield. At theage of seventeen lie returned to Chautaucjua

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 615county, where he learned the trade of stonemason,which he followed in addition tofarming. He returned to Vermont and wasmarried February 28, 1836, and then l)onglita farm in the town of Sherburne, liutlandcounty, where he resided until1855 when heagain returned to Chautauqua county andbought forty acres of land. One year laterhe sold his farm for a good price and removedto Wisconsin, settling in the town ofRutland, and with the exception of thirteenyears in Rock county resided here until hisdeath.The mother of Mrs. Parker marrieda second time, Joseph De Jean, and resides inRutland. Two children have been born toMr. and Mrs. Parker: Waterman and Jay.In politics he is a stanch and uncompromisingRepublican.*>^=3H'

cie BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFgone out of the family. His children are asfollows: Andrew, married Lizzie Derby, andlives in Mankato, Minnesota; Fred, marriedMakena Scliey, and lives in the town of York;Annie, is living at home; John, marriedJosie Conrad, and lives on section 26, nearBristol; Charlie, lives in North Bristol;George and Lawrence, live at home.Our subject was the sixth child and livedat home until he was twenty-six years of age,working on the farm. He received a goodcommon school education, which he attendeduntil he was fifteen years old, standing wellin his classes. When he was twenty-sixyears old he went on a farm on section 9,where he may be found, ilis father boughtthe land in 1889 at $45 per acre. George islivincr on the farm and has full control andmanagement, and engages in general farming.This is good land, nicely divided intowoodland and meadow, and isfairly well improved.George brings to this'place the habitsof industry and economy formed in boyhooddays, and will no doubt succeed in tliisenterprise. He is a young man of goodhabits, and will add strength to the best classof citizens in the county.The entire familyare members of the Catholic Church, and arehighly esteemed in the county where theyhave been so industrious. They have allbeen hardworking citizens, and have, oneand all,gained the esteem of the community.^AJOR ARTHUR B. PLATT, ofMazo Manie, Dane county, Wisconsin,was born in Denbigh, inthe north ofWales, in 1817, a son of William and Klizabeth(Wainhouse) Rlatt,both born and rearedin Englan

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 617War siioii liroke out with the maraudingprince of that country, and a generalstruggle ensued. Five great battles werefought: Moodkee, Frezshah, Butlawall, Alliwa,and Sobraon, in all of which the Entrlishwere victorious, drivincr the native backto his own domain. At the battle of Frezshahthe natives resorted to stratagem.Anticipatinga charge of the British they dug trenchesand filled them with kegs of powder, to whichthey attached a fuse, and when the Britishwere crossing this death trap to charge, it wasexploded and the regiment blown into the air.The second charge was ordered, and, whenwithin a few feet of the enemy, they turnedloose a storm of canister, which mowed downthe men, and wounded Mr. Piatt in bothlimbs. He never fully recovered from thesewounds. He was sent to Calcutta and giventhe best of medical treatment, and aftermakinga tour down tlieGanges river returned tothat city and prepared for embarkment forEngland, disabled as he was. After waitingabout two months for vessels large enough totransport his regiment, they at last embarked.While being towed out to sea, andwhile enteringHoogly bay, the vessel struck a bar,and was so disabled as to be sent to dry dockfor repairs. This required a delay of twomonths more, but at last they succeeded inlauding at merry England, in 1847.Mr. I'latt next went to Manchester, wherehe did garrison duty one year; assisted insuppressing the Fenians atDublin; and thenreturned to England, where he received aleave of absence for two years, on double pay.He was next sent on the paymaster's staff tothe Bermuda Islands; returned to England in1853, when the Crimean war broke out; wassent on paymaster's staff to the Kock of Gibraltar;and two years later, on account of physicaliuliraiities, resigned his commission andcame to the United States, in 1855, locatingin Madison, Wisconsin. Mr. Piatt at oncebegan agricultural pursuits. In 18(11 whenthe war of the Kebellion l)i'oke out, he wascommissioned by Governor Randall as Majorof the Eleventh Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry.He served in the Army of the West, underGeneral Grant, and participated in the battlesPort Gibson, Jackson,' Big Black river andthe siege of Vicksburg. At the latter placehe was taken sick, sent to the hospital, andlater, on account of ill health, resigned hiscommission and returned home. His resignationtook place July, 1), 1863.In 1870 our subject was united in marriagewith Mrs. Elizabeth Tliurnber, of MazoManie, Wisconsin. Mr. Piatt is a Democratin his political views, and has alwaysbeen a great admirer of John C. McClellanand Grover Cleveland. For the past twelveyears he has served as Commissioner of thepoor and other minor offices. He is a man offirm religious principles, but is a member ofno church.A V I D R I C II A R D SO N ,«a retiredfarmer of Dane county, Wisconsin, wasborn in Windsor county, Vermont,February 15, 182C, a son of Josiah and SarahE. (Barker) Richardson. The father wasalso born in Windsor county, Vermont, a sonof Lemuel and Mary (Chase) Richardson,natives of New Hampshire. The parentsremoved to and purchased land in Vermontin an early day, where the father died at theage of seventy-five years, and the motheraged eighty years. They were the parentssurvive.of seven children, two of whom stillWhen Mr. and Mrs. Lemuel Richardson firstsettled in Vermont they had to cut tluur way

C18 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFand blaze trees through fourteen miles ofdense forest. They were among the earlypioneers of the old Green Mountain State,and suffered all the untold hardships incidentalthereto. When they first locatedthere, live families joined fortunes, settledside by side, there to live and develop whatlater proved to be the best part of Vermont.The Richardson family came originally fromEngland, three brothers of that name havinfjfirst settled in the Northeastern States. Asfar as known they have been engaged principallyin agricultural pursuits.Josiah Richardson, the father of our subject,spent most of his life in Vermont, butdied in Middleton township, Wisconsin, atthe age of seventy-six years. His wife wasborn in Alstead, New Hampshire, a daughterof John Barker, natives also of New Hampshire.The father lived with his daughter,Mrs. Richardson, for some time, and thenwent to Michigan, where he died at the homeof a son, David Barker, at an advanced age.Mrs. Richardson still resides in Madison,Wisconsin.David Richardson, one of nine children,and the subject of this sketch, remained onthe home farm until twenty-two years of age,and then worked by the month for the followingtwo years.In April, 1852, he drovea team to lake Cbamplain, then went by boatto a small station, where they took an oldfashionedtrain to Saratoga, Now York, thento Buffalo, next by the lakes to Detroit,Michigan, then by train to New Buffalo, andnext across lake Michigan to Racine, Wisconsin,where he bought ox teams and camedirect to wJiere he now lives.Mr. Richardeonimmediately purchased 125 acres of land,and later forty acres more. lie first erecteda Kinall dwelling, 10 x 10 feet, tiie followingwiuter built a small frame house, 12 x 14feet, and in 1856 again rebuilt. He hassince sold his land, and retired from activebusiness life. Roliticallj, Mr. Richardsonvoted the Whig ticket in 1848, for Freemontin 1856, and now affiliates with the Prohibitionparty. Religiously, both he and hiswife take an active part in temperance work,and are attendants ofthe Methodist Church.Mr. Richardson assisted in the building ofthat Church here, and his wife has held theposition of Superintendent of the Sundayschoolfor many years.INIr. Richardson was first married August3, 1852, to Lucy A. Hawes, who was bornnear Seneca lake, New York, September 15,1827, and died on the old farm in Wisconsin,May 10, 1876. She was a daughter of Samueland Catherine Hawes, natives respectfullyof New York and New Jersey. Tiie}-came West in about 1849 or 1850, and themother died inthe latter year, and the fatheris still living. Mr. and Mrs. Richardsonhad five children:Ira, was married February29, 1878, to Libby Martin, and tiiey havefour children; Adrian M., born February 14,liS58, married Alia Miller, and has threechildren; Clara, born May 29, 1860, marriedWilliam !^[iller, and has two children; Orrin,C, born Septcml)er 16, 1861, is at home;and one who died when only one week old.Our subject was again married, in 1877, toE. S. Plato, who died two years later. November9, 1882, Mr. Richardson was unitedin marriage with Mi's. Eusebia R. (Daily)Smith, widow of William J. Smith. Shewas born in Georgetown, New York, adaughter of Frederic and Betsey C. (Foster)Daily. The father was born in New York,in 1810, and died in Geogetown, tliatState, in 1872. He was a son of Peter andLucy (Bates) Daily, who were born in theNortheastern States, and spent the last days

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 619of their lives in New York. They were tlieparents of three children. Mrs. Daily wasborn in I'harsalia, New York, in 1812, amidied in her native place at the age of fortyoneyears. She was a danghter of Renbenand Lncinda (Barker) Foster, natives of Connecticut.They removed to New York in anearly day, locating in Greene township, Cortlandcounty, where the father followed farniiniT,and was also a local iriinister in theMethodist Episcopal Church. They latermoved to Georgetown, that State, where themother died at the age of forty-one years,and the father aged eighty-seven years.They were the parents of six children, aboutthree of whom still survive. One son, Ralph,died in the lare war, and his father was alsi.ia soldier in the war of 1812. Another son,Isaac C, was one of the firstmitiisters of theMethodist Episcopal Clnirch in New York,and was a very able man.firstMrs. Richardson'shusband, William J. Smith, was born inCazenovia, New York, April 26,1830, a sonof Henry and Adella (Beardsley) Smith, nativesof Germany and Connecticut, licitlidied in Cazenovia, at advanced ages. W. J.Smith followed the vocation of a travelingsalesman through life, and his death occurredat Jefferson, Wisconsin, June 13, 1874.Heand his wife had four daughters, namely:Ida, born October 20, 1852, married J. Laycock,and has five children; Delia C, bornJune 9, 1856, married A. S. Park, has onechild; Jettie L., born November 7, 185'J,married E. L. Bradbury, and died May 29,1891, leaving one child; and Mary E., bornFebruary 5,1861, married Edward Gunsalos,and has a son and daughter.Mr. Richardson, tliesubject of this sketch,has suffered the privations of a piotieer life.During tiiefirst year of his married life, onlyone-fourth of a pound of tea, one-half pnundof coffee and six pounds of sugar was all ofthat line of groceries used. He has lived tosec this country bluss(jni like a rose, and hisentire life has been one of honor and uprightness.OIIN DELANEY is the name of aiierwho resides upon his eighty-acreTc farm on section 33, Vienna township,where he has resided about eleven years.Hewas born in Ireland in 1830, and his fatherwas Edmond Delaney, a tVirnier in the oldcountry, on one hundred acres of rented land,on which lie lived for many years and onwhicli his father before him resided. Hewas 101 years old when he died. Thistenancy cost a rental from §6 per acreto 3 guineas, and was paid by the fatherof our subject. Edmond Delaney was twicemarried, and by the two wives he had twentysevenchildren, of whom Mr. Delaney of tliisnotice isthe twenty-third child and the nineteenthand youngest son. Twenty-six ofthis remarkable famUy grew to maturit}'.(^ur subject is a child of the second marriao-e.Ilis mother was Mary Dailey, of county Cork,and she became the mother of ten sons andthree daughters.Tlie father was ninety- fiveyears of age when this son left his hcinif^ andnative land for America when eighteen.Since that time he has never heard fromhome and does not know when his motherdied.Mr. Delaney came to this country in thefall of 1848 on a large three-masted sailerwith 300 emigrants. He shipped at Queenstownfor Boston and made the trip in twentyfourdays. At first he obtained work alongthe shore inlioston and then made his way toI'ortland, Maine. He was paid forty cents

6.'0 BIOGRAPHICAL BE VIEW OFper hour for loading and discharging cargoes,and in Portland lie followed this business forsix months. lie then went to Lewiston Falls,Maine, where he remained working as a commonlaborer, and later was in charge of anight watch in a gas factory.For this he hadonly a SI a day and he left this positionto go into a cotton factory at the Hill Mills.In Lewiston Falls he was married, in 1855,to Miss Johanna Horrigen from the samecounty in Ireland. She had come over aboutfour years ahead of her parents, who wereDaniel and Johanna (Golden) Horrigen,andwas twenty years old at that time. Mr. andMrs. Delaney began housekeeping in LewistonFalls in a house they rented, but inMarch, 1857, they came west to Madison,bringing two children. The first employmentthat Mr. Delaney secured was to run ona wood train on the railroad, and then hehad charge of an engine in a sawmill forMarshall Brown, and continued running anengine in a foundry for other parties. Healso worked at ])ipe-laying in the gas worksinMaine and his experience there servetl himwell at this place, as he obtained the job ofhelping to lay the heating pipes in the asylum,and from this, in1861, when he was gettingfrom ^3 to §5 a day, he volunteered in theThird Wisconsin Cavalry toand stripes.defend the starsFor four years our subject served hisadopted country until May 20, 1865, havingre-enlisted. He was never wounded, but liadnine very close calls l)y bullets through bisovercoat. He was in the Regitnental Hospitalfrom tiie fall of 1861 until iiis discharge,and some of the time he acted as anurse.In the fall of 1865 he l)ought forty acresof land in Westport, paying for it §1,00(1.He lived on this for four years, working itand other lands, and rented a farm of PatReddy, on which he moved and lived forone year, and in the fall of 1881 he boughteighty acres, where he now resides, paying5^2,500. He still owns his forty acres inWestport.Mr. Uelaney has buried two sons, Eddie, aninfant, and John, aged twenty-six years, whodied in Dakota, at Willow Lake. He was apromising] young man. who had gone tomake a home, but was stricken with diseaseand died inthree days, and his remains werereturned to his parents and are resting in Westportgraveyard. There are five children stillliving: Mary, wife of David Cunninghouse,of Madison; they have six children, threedaughters and three sons; Josie, a maidenlad}' living at home; Maggie, the wife of MikeCunninghouse, of Egerton, Wisconsin, whohave two sons; Lizzie, a young lady in theState Street Hospital; and Daniel, at houieconducting the farm.Mr. Delaney has had poor health sinceleft the army, and lost his eye April 28, 1890,by a rheumatic ulcer. He lias been a sufferingcripple since the above named date, buthe has been a very energetic andhehard workingman. .Mr. Delaney votes independently-He and his family belong to the RomanCatholic Church. He does a general farmingbusines, but raises no hogs since his last illness.They grow oats and corn, and thisyear raised forty-two bushels of oats and 817of corn. They keep a few cattle and abouteight or tenhorses, and raise a few colts.These parents had no schooling, and realizingthe disadvantage have given their childrengood opportunities of learning.Maggiewas at the Madison Business College andtaught nineteen terms before her marriage..Mary was at the Sister's Schools inMadison,and Josie was at the State Hospital for five

DANE COUNTY. WISCONSIN. (Wlycai-s and left a position of $15 per raontlitocare for licr invalid father.olil homestead. Eight children were born tothe parents, seven soris and a daughter, ofwhom 8i,\ sons an^ liviin>-, tin; eldest beincrour subject. Tiie otiier sons are: I^icwis I!.,MOIIN W. HUDSON.—Few of theciti-!M zens of Madison, Wisconsin, have been-^^i more closely identified with the city'sinterests and enterprises, both as a promoterand substantial backer, than John W. Hudson,the suliject of this brief biographicalsketch. For quite forty years he has been acitizen of the capital city and durinrr thattime, it is safe to say, his name has been associatedwithmore successful enterprises, allof which have redounded to thecity's creditand contributed to its growth and pi'usperitythan jirobably any otlier one man.Mr. Hudson was l)orn in the town of Gaines,( )rleans county, New York, January 12, 1834,and is the son of Daniel T. and Lucinda(Butts) Hudson, both natives of Chatham,New York, the former bavins been bornFebruary 11, 1810, andthe latter Septeml)er16, 1812. Our subject's paternal grandfatherwas Elijah Hudson, who was a native ofColumbiacounty. New York. Thc^ maternalgrandfather was Lewis M. Cutts, also a nativeof the same county, who removed to westernNew York in 1833. In 1840 he came toWisconsin, settling in the town of CottageGrove, Hane county, and was one of the firstsettlers at Door Creek. Thus he was a pioneerof three sections of our country, first inNew York, thence western New York andlast in Wisconsin. The old gentleman diedin 18G0. Daniel T. Hudson, our subject'sfather, settled at Milton, Rock count}', Wisconsin,in 1844, where he followed farminguntil his tieath, which resulted from an accident,in iSltl. His widow survived him, residingat the present time with her son on the41of J'loomington, Illinois; Albert C; Elijah15. F., of Milton, Wisconsin; and (leorge W.,of Minneapolis, Minnesota.Our subject was reared on the farm inIvock county until his eighteenth year, andsecured his education at the old Milton Academy.Upon leaving the farm he begati teachingschool and taught for a year and a half inMilton and vicinity. In liis twinitieth yearhe began business for himself by emi>arkingin the grain business at Milton. Upon tiiecompletion of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St.Paul railroad to Stoughton, Dane county,he removed to that town, and for severalmonths carried on the grain business. In 1853however, Ifefore the above road was completedto Madison, Mr. Hudson removed his businessto this city, buying and iiauling grain toStoughton and from that point shipping byrail to Milwaukee. Pie was a piom^er of tliegrain business in Madison, at which he continuedfrom 1853 until 18r)9, with the exceptionof two years during the war, when hewas "at the front. " Closing out the grainbusiness in 1809, ho turned his attention tomanufacturing, i-eal estate and various enterprises.He was one of the promoters ofthe old 'Madison Manufacturing Company.He was also a promoter and secretaryof the Wisconsin Wagon Company, andwasa promoter and pi-esident of the OstrandorMam factiiring Company. This enterprisewas reorganized and retnoved to Wausau,Wisconsin, and became the Wausau P'uriiitureCompany, of which he is a directorand his son, secretary. He was one of thepromoters of the Madison Electric LightCompany, and president of the same until

622 BIOGRAPEICAL REVIEW OFits sale to the Four Lakes Light and PowerCompany in 1892. lie is also a director inthe Cajjital City Mank of Madison, of wiiichhe was a promoter and organizer, and ispresident of the Spanish Peaks Gold and SilverMining Company, which company isoperating valuable mines in Colorado. Liconnection with Mr. Moses S. Klaiiber he isengaged in tiie leaf tobacco bnsiness, w'ithwarehouses in west Madison; and besides theseenterprises has his means invested in variousother interests, more or less prominent.He was a promoter and president of theNorthwestern Mutual Relief Association,whose headquarters are in Madison, and wasa promoter and tor twenty-two years, from1S69 until he resigned the same, directorand treasurer of tlie Wisconsin Odd FellowsMutual Life Insurance Company. He was apromoter and president of the NorthwesternBuilding and Loan Association and vice-presidentof the Madison Land and ImprovementCompany. In 1862 Mr. Hudson enlisted inCompany D, Twenty-third Regiment WisconsinVolunteer, and served until mustered outin December, 18Gi3, on account of disability.Mr. Hudson became a Mason in 1875 andat present is a member of Madison LodgeNo. 5, Madison Chapter, No. 3, and RobertMcCoy Commandery, No. 4, K. T. He becamean Odd Fellow in 18(35 and has sinceheld his moinbership in Hope Lodge, No. 17,and Madison Encampment, No. 8. He hasheld the prominent positions of Grand Patriarchof the Grand Encampment of Wisconsinin 1869, (irand Master of the Grand Lodge ofWisconsin 1884, Grand Representative to theSovereign (4rand Lodge and an officer of thesame body for ten years, from 1870 to 1880. Heis a charter member and Past Chancellor ofMonona Lodge, No. 12, K. of I'., and is aPast Post Commander of C. C. WashburnPost, No. 11. G. A. R.In politics Mr. Hudson has always ""eer aconservative Republican, though not a partisan.He was once the candidate of hisparty for Assemblyman and Mayor, andthough running ahead of the ticket was defeated,the party always being in a minorityinthe capital city.Mr. Hudson was married in 1853, toRachel Garrison, daughter ofEzra Garrison.She was born at Sand Lake, in Rensselaercounty. New York, of which State her parentswere also natives. To this union livechildren have been born, one of whom diedin infancy. The living children are: J. Edwin,of Chicago; Flora B., at home; CharlesH., in the mail service at ^ladison; and FredL., Secretary of the Wausau F'urniture (\)mpanyof Wausau, Wisconsin. Mr. Hudsonis a tine example of a successful self- mademan. He began life for himself before hehad ol)tained his majority, spurred on to do80 by a worthy ambition, to be independentand self-sustaining. Step by step, each oneaccompanied by hard knocksand a struggle,he has climbed the hill of life, aided only byhis own industry and energy and splendidbusiness talents.In twenty-tive years he hasbuilt himself np from a grain ilealer of limitedcapital and business to the position ofpromoter and organizer oflarge manufacturinginterests, and to a place among themost substantial citizens of a community,noted for its large number of menof aftluence and prominence, and thisproud position has been attained by purelylegitimate business methods. As a publicspiritedcitizen, possessed of broad and liberalviews, lie has established a reputatiotisecond to none among the people of Madison,and his friends and acquaintances ad-

VANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 633mire and esteem him for his splendid Imsinessability and foi' his strict integrity and unimpeachablehonesty.Personally Mr. Hudson is a most genialand pleasant man. Of rugged stature and nature,vvith a mind well cultivated and storedwith diversitied knowledge and experience, agood conversationalist, he is at once a mostagreeable companion and valued friend.worked on a farm, and also learned thecoojier ti'ade. Before marriage he removedwith the family to New York, where heworked in the timber anil lumber business,dealing extensively. While there he marriedLydia Mitchell, who traced her lineage backto the Pennsylvania Dutch. After marriagehe remained in New York, where in Chemungcounty for many years iie engaged in themanufactureof harness, and for sometime hecombined a coopering business with it.13. WAKEMAN, proprietorof the onlyhotel inMarshall, Dane county, Wisconsin,is the suliject of the presentsketcli. His grandfather, Bijah Wakeman,was a native of England, and for many yearssailed from his native city of Liverpool onthe seas. He became the captain of a vesseland made many trips around the world, butat last he tired of the wandering life and decidedto settle down to the enjoyments ofhome. Consequently he made his last voyageacross the ocean and with his family settleddown in Hartford, Connecticut, wherehe worked at the saddlers' trade. Later hewent to Chemung county. New York, wherehe continued working in the saddler and harnesstrade, and at this place he bought afarm of 100 acres and engaged in farminguntil 1837, wlien he removed to Milwaukee,Wisconsin. The long trip was made byErie canal to Buffalo, l)y the lakes to Milwaukee,thence to Missouri, settling inBooueville, where he died. He was marriedand had four children:and Charles.Mary, Harriet, MariaCharles was tlie second child in the familyill order of birth and became the father ofour subject. He was born in Connecticutand lived at home, where he received a faireducation in the common schools. lieIn 1843 Charles Wakeman decitled to removewith his family to Wisconsin. Hechose the water route, coming l)y way ofcanal and lakes to Milwaukee, consumincrtwo weeks on the trip. The month wasNovember and the winds over the lakesrough, and upon reachingMilwaukee he lefthis family there and went out jirospecting onfoot with our subject, T. B. This was slow,cold work, but occasionally the bov could a-eta ride on an ox team, and ere long the houseof Volney Moore was I'eached in Medinatownship. This was a small log house, andwas the only place in that wilderness wherethere was any chance to stop. After carefullylooking tlie country over, Mr. Wakemanmade a selection of land in Sun Prairieand iledina and here bought 300 acres.He then hired three ox teams from different])oints of parties who had come in fromCanaila and brouglit teams with tlieni, wentto Milwaukee and thus l)i'ought the familyand goods to the house of Sewall Clark, aboutone mile frotn the selected land. This wasin the fall of 1843, and then Mr. Wakemanand his boys went to work. The first necessitywas to go toIllinois to get meat, and hehired a teatn for the trip, Ijringing back withhim eight barrels of pork. At this timenew men came into the country, and he suppliedthem with something to eat and took

IIchildren.624 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFit out in work, splitting rails, etc. As soonas possiMe a log house was built, 20 x 24,and at that time it was considered quite abuilding and into tiiis modest residence tliefamily moved and began pioneer life. Theland was to be cleared and broken, the farmto be gotten ready for planting, and this wasall men's work; but no pen can sufficientlytell of the hardships and privations of thebrave pioneer women of that day.The farm so worked is now owned by oneof the sons. Tlie family was as follows:Thaddeus H., our subject; James M., nowliving in Medina township; Emily, living inMichigan; Harriet, at Grand Rapids; Amandamarried R. ('hambers and lives at Stevensville,Wisconsin; John lives at Sun Prairie;and Sarah lives in Burke, Wisconsin. Themother died in the fall of 1846 and wasburied near the site of the old log house,which had been removed. The father afterthe mother's death took all of the family exceptJames andThaddeus, who remained onthe farm, and returned to Ohio for twofarm and worked there until 1850, when hemarried Miss Julia A. Nichols, who wasborn in New York of American parents. Hehad a part of the farm and built a house onthe same and commenced married life there.He still owns this place, where a son of hislives. The old place of his father has nowan excellent residence and has been developedinto a fine property, showing the wide judgmentof his father.Our subject and wife had a family ofnine children, eight of whom are living.The names are: Augusta, now living withher brother in Medina; Francis, in Springville,Nebraska; Edgar, living in Sun Dance,Wyoming; Harrison, in New Boston, Hlinois;T. B. Burr, living in Spring View,Nebraska; Fred, in iledina township; andJennie, in Green Bay, Wisconsin. Our subjectremained on the farm until 1875, whenhe removed to Marshall, in ^[edina township,where he engaged in the livery businessfor a time, and then engaged inthe hotelbusiness. This is the only hotel in the placeyears, where he married a sister of his firstwife and then returned to Wisconsin, butshe too is dead. The father died in SunPrairie on the farm. He was a man whowas active in ])romoting the welfare of thecommunity and did his full share towardthe development of the country. lie wasliberal in every enterprise, always jreadv tolend a helping hand to those in iiced, and hisdistributions of food among the hungry arewell remembereil yet by those who receivedof his bounty.Thad

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 625ison until her death, which occurred here in18S8, when she was about sixty years ofage. She had been a good wife and inothei-,and had a large circle of friends among theGerman residents of this city, as had also herworthy husband.Our subject was the eldest of four children,all of whom were born in this country,except himself. The three livinir are as follows:Jackson, La Fayette and Mrs. OteliaLarch, the latter living in tins city; La Fayette,with his second wife, lives in Ashland,Wisconsin, where he is engaged as a realestatedealer; Jackson, a single man, is thefirst-assistant bookkeeper for the Fuller-Johnston Manufacturing Company, of Madison.Our subject grew up in Madison, waseducated in the city schools, and when quitea young man began clerking in the clothingstore of Jjenjamin Kohner, now deceased.After close application to the business of hisemployer for a time, Mr. Renter left thisbranch to engage inthe lumber business withhis father-in-law. Christian R. Stein, underthe firm title the C. R. Stein Lumber Company,and was thus engaged when he died.He was one of the prominent German Americancitizens of this city, botii cdramerciallyand socially; was connected with the Masonicfraternity, and a leader inthe Turner Society.being a teacher in that society, and was awell-known athlete, having carried off thelaurels and prizes in the State contests for hisskill in that direction. Our subject was aman of pleasant, genial disposition, interestedinthe progress of the city, and was a decidedRepublican in his politicalfaith.Mr. Renter was married to one of the fairdaughters of Madison, Theckla Stein, wiiowas born in this city and carefully reared andeducated in both public and private schools.After the death of her husband, Mrs. Renterimproved her opportunities and entered theMichigan StateUniversity, and took a thoroughcoui-se in dentistry, graduating in thatart, June 28, 1888, and September 1, ofthat same year, opened her dental parlors inthe Brown block, on the corner of Pinckneystreet and Washington avenue, and has sinceDuring the summerbeen in active practice.of 1892 she went to Chicago and took apost-graduate course in Dr. Haskell's sciioolof prosthetic dentistry. She is an enthusiastin her profession, and a skilled artist, atthe same time being an accomplished lady,refined and intelligent. Her heart is in herwork. She was reared in the Catholic Church,and still holds to that faith. As a mothershe is very proud of her bright children,their names being Hattie A. and Bertha F.,both of whom are being educated in EdgewoodVilla, Madison, and the oldest shows amarked degree of ability in music. Dr.Reuter is the eldest of five children, alldaughters, and for full history ofsee biography ofC. R. Stein.this familyEORGE W. REYNOLDS was bornRoxbury township, in Dane county,Wisconsin, in February, 1857. Hisfatiier, William B. Reynolds, is a farmer ofDane county, now living retired. The latterwas born in Canada in 1824, and the grandfatherof our subject was also a farmer, whopassed his whole life on his farm in Canada,where he died, leaving one son and one daughter.William B. Reynolds was reared inCanada to farm life,inhard labor, and had verylimited school advantages. He came fromthere to Ohio in 1843, when in his nineteenthyear, and one year later came to Wisconsin,and located at Waukesha. At that place he

G2G BIOGRAPniCAL REVIEW OFengaged as a hotel clerk for a mau by thename of Putnam, and at this place he wasmarried to Miss Cornelia Bowers, who wasborn in New York, daughter of ZachariahBowers, who came West with his family.The parent had conducted the hotel forabout one year, and then moved to Roxburytownship on a farm of 100 acres. Hehad ])urchase(l land in Fond du Lac county,but did not occupy it, as he sold it, and it wasin 1848 that the settlement was made atKoxbury. They resided at that place,someeighteen years, during which time theyweresuccessful fanners, and improved the placeby building and fencing, and also boughteighty acres more. About 1867 they soldout in Roxbury and moved to Dane township,where they bought and improved a farm of336 acres for $7,500. Here Mrs. Reynoldsdied, September, 1887, aged tifty-eight years,leavingfour sons and one"daughter, namely:Alfred R., now a well-to-do farmer of Loditownship, has two sons; Mary A., wife of H.B. Knapp, of Madison; George W., our subject;William, a farmer on the old homefarm; and Joseph P., a farmer near by.Our subject was reared on the farm, andreceive

UANE COUNTY, WlSCOISIlilN. G27position. Mr. Esser came to Madison in theearly part of 1856, and since that time liasheen closely identified with the interests ofthe city. lie has grown to manhood in thecity of his adoption; has received his educationin her excellent schools, and learnedhistrade of shoe and boot maker. He followedhis trade for some years, and then clerkeda boot and shoe store for a time to acquirepractical knowledge of the business.Mr. Esser was ijorn near Cologne, in alihine province, Germany, December 12,1846. He was yet a boy of ten years whenhis parents left their native land, sailingfrom Antwerp, Germany, on a three-mastsailer, that landed thetn in Boston, after avoyage of fifty-nine days. On arriving inthis country, the family proceeded to Madison,via the lakes, river and canal to Milwaukee,and thence overland to Madison.the latter city the father and mother resideduntil their death. The father, Francis Esser,was a miller by trade, to which he devotedthe active years of his life. The devotedwife and mother, whose maiden name wasAgnes Wieland, died some years previous tohei- husband, at the age of sixty- Kve. Thefather departed this life at the age of sixtyfiveyears, leaving many friends to mourn hisloss. He and his worthy wife were earnestand useful members of the Catholic Church.The subject of this sketch is the youngestof five children, three sons and two daughters.One of the latter, Barbara, died in thespring of 1892, aged fifty-two years, someyears after her marriage to John Kessenich,a resident of Madison. The remaining are;Mathias, a farmer of Westport township,Dane county, who married MargarettaClemmes; Sabilla, wife of Edward La Cross,a farmer of Vienna township; Martin, afarmer of Vienna township, who marriedinInMiss Theressa Moffet; and Jacob, the subjectof this sketch.Mr. Esser, of this biography, was marriedin Madison, to Miss Maria Iv. Jesberger,who was born, reared and primarily educatedin North Bristol, but who finished her courseof studies in Madison. Her parents werenatives of Bavaria, Germany, who came toAmerica after their marriage and settled inBristol, Dane county, where the father, Antone,died in 1881), at the age of eighty-oneyears. After his death his wife cauje toMadison, where she still resides in the enjoymentof health and mental vigor, at theadvanced age of ninety years. For the pastfifty years she has been a practicing midwifein this county, and enjoys the esteem of ahost of friends and acquaintances. She andher husband were devout Catholics all theirlives. Mr. and Mrs. Esser are also membersof the same church, and Mr. Esser is one ofthe present Trustees of the Holy RedeemerChurch. He is also a member of the buildingboard of the new parochial school oftheHoly Redeemer, and is also a trustee of theschool.Mr. and Mrs. Esser have eight children:Frank W., a printer in the State Journaloffice,married Catherine Vallender, and theyhave one child; Antoue S., at home, waseducated in the city schools; Mathias J.,George, (Catherine, Agnes, Anna and Margaretare all at home.Mr. Esser has been prominent in all matterscalculated to benefit his city and county.He is a member of the Madison Mffinnerchor,and takes an active part in all the meetingsof that association. He is a live, active manin all local politics, as well as in State andnational affairs, and has frequently served asa delegate to both local and State conventions.He is one of those men who may be

638 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OFcounted on for aid in all good enterprises,one who will go out of his way to aid afriend, and a thoroughly honorable businessman.fOHiS'^X^—:@:

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 039son, he made Mr. Seemann hissubstitute onthe bench whenever he was absent or ill, Mr.Seemann being tlie oldest justice of the peaceinMadison.Mr. Seemann was married in 1858, and hadtwo children: Cora M., died in May, 1875;and Eleonore Kathinka is the wife of OleNorsman.Politically he has been a life long Republican;religiously, a Lutheran. lie is both apoet and a musician. His poems, in English,Norwegian and German, are found innumerous magazines and periodicals.He isan expert violinist, and was a great friend ofOle Bull during the lifetime of that notedmusician.ITHAMAR C. SLOAN, e.x-membertOJS.of Congress, and the Professor ofEquityin the University of Wisconsin is thesubject of this sketch. His birth took p]a'.;ein Morrisville, Madisoncounty. New York,May 9, 1822. lie received a common schooland academical education, after which heentered upon the study of law with TimothyJenkins, a distinguishedattorney at Oneida,New York, and was admitted to the liar atIthaca, in 1848, at the second term of theSupreme Court of that district, after the adoptionof the code of proceed ure of New York,by which the forms of action and practice, asestablished by the common law were abolisJiedand the code of procedure, the same as nowprevails in the State of Wisconsin, was estabblished.From the time of his admission until 1854,our distinguished subject practiced law atOneiila, and then came to this State, locatingat what then seemed to be the larger town,Janesville, and there engaged in the practiceof law. In 1858 he was elected District Attorneyof Rock county, and was re-elected in1860. Two years later he was elected l>y theRepublican party as their member of Congress,being re-elected in 1864. During hisservice in the IIouso of Representatives he wasa member of the Committee on Public Landsand Claims and on the Expense of the WarDepartment Committee, which was one of thegreatest importance at that time.The career of Mr. Sloan while in Congresswas alike honorable and useful, and he cameout of public life at Washington City with anabsolutely clean record. His further continuancein Congress was precluded by thethen iron-clad rule inhis district, that a representativeshould serve only two terms.Returning to his law pi'actice in Janesville,our subject continued it with eminent successuntil 1875, when he removed to Madison,Wisconsin, where he became Assistant Attorney-Generalfor a time under his brother, A.Scott Sloan. While acting in this capacity,and afterward Mr. Sloan was enirae-ed inprosecuting the Granger law on behalf of theState against the railroads, violating it in Wisconsin,which resulted in a complete trium|)hfor the State.For many years Mr. Sloan has been anactive practitioner of law in the city of Madison,and is accounted one of the most convincingand eminent in the fraternity and hisprofound knowledge of all knotty points isacknowledged universally. He is a closestudent of the merits of the cases he undertakesand all evidence is sifted to the bottombefore any step is taken. As an advocate,few men have the like happy faculty ofpresentingthe points of their cases inan equallyterse, concise, clear and forcible manner, whilehis style is courteous, dignified and convinciuiT.

630 BIOGRAl'UIGAL REVIEW OFIn private life no citizen ismore upright,courteous and public-spirited. For severalyears he has been one of the faculty of thelaw department of the University of Wisconsin.He Ijeiran in 1876 to lecture to the lawclass, and still continues this, althoutrh hospends his winters inKWj'AM^Florida.^ILLIAM TYLP:K McCONXELL is'' member of one of the most prosl'"^»Tiperous business houses in the city ofMadison, Wisconsin. The lirni name is Mc-CoiiiK'U & Son, and their location is No. 23JMorth Piuckney street, where they carry onone of the most complete grocery houses inthis locality. The business was establishedin 1882 and has grown to large proportions,tlie tirni now reijuiring the assistance of si.xclerks and having the trade of the l)estpeople of the city and vicinity.The birth of our subject took place December19, 1835, in Montgomery county,

DANE U0UNT7, WISCONSIN. G31consiD. The trip was made overland, andtliey settled at Madison, when the city was atown of about 3,000 inhabitants. It washere that Thomas began to buy land, continuingbuying and selling for some years,untilat last he retired from active business. liedied at Madison, January 23, 1893, in hisninetieth year; his wife, in her eighty-sixthyear, survives him. Both of them were formany years stanch members of the PresliyterianChurch.Our subject, William T., is the fourthchild in a family of two sons and four daughters.He was married, after coming; toMadison, to Miss Mary Turville, who wasborn in England in IS-iO. She came to thiscountry when she was eight years of age,witli her parents, Henry and Mary (Kent)Turville, who settled for two years near Colutubus,Ohio, and in 1852 came* to Madison,where the father died in 1871, when fift}'-seven years of age.Mr. and Mrs. William T. AlcConnell arethe parents of two sons and one daughter:George K., of the firm with his father;Frank T., a doctor of

632 BWGRAPniCAL REVIEW OFof Robert and HannahDawson, born March13, 1832. ill that country. She was the onlymember of the family to come to America.After marriage Mr. Mason tirst visited thiscountry, to look at various localities with aview to settlement, first thinking of Ohio,but finally selecting the place mentioned intliis county, and then returned to his wife.They have had eight children: Charlotte E.,wife of M. A. Doyle, whose sketch is givenin this work; Agnes, who married WilliamOgilbee and died, in Verona township, leavinglive children;Victor E., a farmer in thattownsliip; Emily Maud M., who married R.II West; and Maliala A., a teacher in thepublic schools. The eldest child died in infancy,and Mary Ann died at the age of tenyears.|AMUEL FIELD, a farmer and stockraiseron section 23, in Sun Prairie,Wisconsin, is the subject of our presentsketch. His father, Thomas Field was bornin Sussex, England, and there carried on theoccupation as farmer. He had five children;Sarah, who became Mrs. Golden; George,James, Thomas and Samuel. Three of theboys went to Australia, attracted there bythe oifer of government land and obtainedsome 4,846 .icres. Two of the brothers weremarried before they left England, and allwent together, quite a colony settling tiiereat one time. James died there one yearafter arrival.Our Bulgect, Samuel, was born in 1821,and attended private schools as there were nopublic schools near. When fourteen yearsof ago he started to America witii anotlierboy who had told him tales of the wondersof America. He paid five pounds for hispassage, and when he reached CFtica, NewYork, had only a dollar. Seven weeks andthree days had been spent on the ocean.When he reached Watcrville he found workin a factory for the manufacture of springsand was engaged to handle the sheets ofwhich the springs were made, at 812 a month,but during his time of service the firm failedand thus he lost a year. He had broughtwith him plenty of clothing from his Englishhome and so manajjed to o;eto o alons. o altlioughohe never recovered anything from the firmeven after engaging a lawyer to press hisclaim.Then our subject learned the carpenters'trade and soon displayed ability. He firstwas given $13 a month but some monthslater hired out as apprentice at §100 peryear. He was very apt, and before longearned §18 a month, and at that time it wasconsidered high wages. As he was very industriou.sand worked without losing a day,saving his earnings, he ere long had a littlecapital. He remained in New York Stateuntil 1846, worked for several employers andmaking sometimes as high as S20 a month,wiiich was then considered an expert's wages.At this time he married Miss Mary Cornes,a dauffhter of Georrre Cornes.Slie was a nativeof England, l)orn in Smarden, Kentcounty, England, and after coming to thiscountry settled in Waterville, Oneida county,New York.After marriage our subject and wife removedto White Water, Wisconsin. The tripwas made by canal to I'ufi'alo, by lake toMilwaukee, and from there to White Waterby a team and wagon. They remained onenight in Milwaukee but journeyed on toWhite Water as fast as possible, as Mrs.Field had a brotiier living there.Here theylived ten years, when uiir subject jiurciiased

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 63:ia tract of ciglity acres of land; borrowing$100. lie paid §'50 as the first payment,and soou became prosperous enougli to paythe remainder.In Wliite Water he engagedwith tiie brother of his wife in the ciotliingand jeweh-y business. Wliile in businesshere a man who owned seven fortiesof Governmentland came and wished to trade forthe store. Mr. Field went to Sun Prairieand looked at the land. There was no improvementson the land but its location wasfine, and inconnection with another brotherin-lawhe finally decided to locate there, livingin a loy house.Energy and perseverence will aecomplisliwonders, and as Mr. Field was a good mechanicand carpenter he soon made improvementsand has now all his land paid for. After two years' time he built a new house,which was very comfortableand was built ashe could Und time from his other labors.the meantime hehad done considerable carpenterwork.InIn Madison he bought the oldsoitliers' barracks, which he utilized for stabling,and one of the first improvements madeon the place was that of fencing it, altlioughhe had to go to a place tenmiles away to getthe rails. He had the best yoi

3oe;u BlOGIiAPHlCAL REVIEW OFTwo years later he bought eigljty acres ofland (Tilsection 14, Burke township, of whichsixty aeres are includeil in liis present farm,which now comprises 150 acres of well inijirovedland, provided with a good class ofhuiidings, and everyihing about the place iskept in line order.Mr. Doty was married in 1858, to Amandailelissa Hill. She is likewise a native of-New York, born in Livingston county, inSeptember, 1835, and aand Fanny (Chittenden) Ilill.daughter of SamuelMr. and Mrs.I)iity*.s pleasant marriage has been hallowedto them by the birth of four children: Flora,Frank, Alice and Maxwell Dorr.The latteris a lad at schoool, and Alice is a student atthe White Water Normal School.The twoelder have also been liberally educated andare engaged at the profession of teaching:Frank, a graduate of the State University, isprincipal of the schools at Las Vegas, NewMexico; Flora was educated in the cityschools of Madison. The family are allmembers of the Episcopal Church, and areof hieh social standing in the communitv.Mr. Doty is a Republican of unshakenprinciples and has borne an honorable partin the public life of his township, which hehas served as Assessor. Ke was also a memberof the Town Board six years, acting asChairman three years. lie is a man ofsound character and exemplary habits, who isstraightforward in his dealings, and enjoysthe full confidence of his neighbors andfriends.the latter at Boghten, near Canterbury, England.The father, a miller by occupation,died in 1857, and the mother in 1801. Theywere the parents of sixteen children, thirteensons and three daushters, four of whom arenow living, and all reside in England but oursubject. One son, Richard, is a fine scholar,and a clergyman..fohn Wall, the tifth of his parents' sixteenchildren, learned the trade of a miller in hisnative country, lie began life for himselfon the London Board ofTrade, where he remainedabout twenty years, and while in thatcity was also employed as a clerk in a bank.In 1848 he came to America, settling inMilwaukee,Wisconsin, where he was engaged inthe tlour and grain business two years. Hethen followed the same occupation in St.Louis, Missouri, one year, and in1852 boughtthe flouring mill of Mr. Sweet in BlackEarth, Dane county. After operating thismill about fifteen years, Mr. Wall sold out toStanford, Logan & Goodland. He is engagedintaking care of what he has accumulated;takes but little interest inpolitics, votingwith the Democraticparty, and he neversought or held office of any kind. Religiously',he is a member of the CongregationalChurch.Mr. Wall was married in London, Enghmd,in 1S36, toMariah E. Bennett, who wasborn reared and educated in that city. Shedied January 7, 1892./9C_^1 )11 N WALL, a retired business man, of'^^\ I'.lack Earth, Dane county, was born in^^ ('luitham. Kent county, England, June24, 1S07, a son of John and Sarah (Friday)Wall, the former a native of Chatham, and,EV. S. G. WOELFEL came to EastBristol, Wisconsin, from Farmersville,Dodge county, Wisconsin, November 7,188(5, to become priest in charge of St.Joseph Congregation. He was born at ElmGrove, Wisconsin, of Bavarian parents, who

DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN. 935came here in 1844, being pioneers of tlie locality.Tile tatlier bought a farm at Franklin,near Elm Grove, Wisconsin, and there hedied October 11, 1S89, but his mother residedwith our subject. Tiiere were threechildren in the family: Cornelia, of Franklin;John, a farmer of Franklin; and oursubject. The father was a very industriousman, his means were small, but he laboredon with the gi-eat desire of educating his children.Thirteen acres were all he owned atElm Grove, but by dint of the closest economy,he managed to save enough to enableliim to take his little family to Milwaukeeand educate them.The grandfather of our subject, OldrichWoelfel, was a Bavarian, who, after the deathof his wife, decided to come to America.started to America in a sailing vessel,inHelandedNew York, came by way of the Erie canalto Buffalo, by lake to Milwaukee, and aftersome investigation, bought eighty acres ofland at Elm Grove for $150. His sonGeorge now owns the place, which he couldsell for $250 per acre. Here the grandfatherbought land and built a log house inwhich were sheltered six persons, and therecointnenced a pioneer life in earnest. Jt wasa life of toil and jirivation, which is remeinbereilwith amazement by many who passedsafely through those days ofand danger, and which isdiscouragementread of by a youngergeneration almost with incredulity. Fifteenyears passed away here, things growing betterand more comfortable every year. Wheatand potatoes were raised on the farm andhauled to market to Milwaukee, some milesdistant.The family then removed to Charlesl)urgh,in Calumet county, where a few yearslater the grandfather died. He had a familypf seven children as follows: Frederick, alarge farmer at Elm Grove;Conrad, who wasdrowned in Milwa\ikee I'iver in 1840; thefather of our subject;John, who went to Californiain 1850 and was never after heardfr(_)m, pi-obably dying of yellow fever; George,a larire farmer of Elm Grove; Georije, afarmer, of Charlesburgh, Wisconsin; andCatherine, who married John Woelfel.The father of our subject was the tliii-ilchild in the family, and was born in liohldorf,in Bavaria, and was married in 1844,in the month of Decemljer. All the familyhave been identitie

030 BIOGRAPaiCAL REVIEW OFaged affairs, and his own people are to becongratulated that they have secured so goodandcoin])etent a man to look after their spiritualmatters.T||ROF. DAYID 13. FKANKEXBUR"^E^v ^- ^^-j LL. B. now occupyingW'-I*^ the chair of Rhetoric and Oratory inthe Wisconsin University at Madison, wellknow in literary circles as a poet, historianand essayist, was born in Edinburg, Lawrencecounty, Pennsylvania, October 13, 1845.Ilis parents, Lewis and Elizabeth (Kale)Frankenbnrger were born, the former in 1817in Pennsylvania, and the latter in 1818, inColumbiana county, Ohio. As the namesignifies, the original possessor was a burgherof North Germany. The paternal greatgrandfatherof Prof. Frankenburger came toAmerica when a youth, about the year 1760,and served in the Revolutionary war. Thisancestor afterward settled near the boundaryline of the three States of Virginia, ^Larvlandand Pennsylvania, and his descendants havesince lived first in the Old Dominion andlater in the Keystone State. In consequenceof the custom of inter-marriage in thecountry, the German characteristics are nowmingled with tiiose of the French, Scotch andIrisli, and the Professor may justly lay claimto a kinship with the world. Prof. Frankenburger'sfather was in early life a merchant,but in 1855 removed to the frontier, as theTerritory of Wisconsin was then called, andsettled on a farm in Green county, which hecultivated fi»r many years. lie eventuallyremiived to Iowa, settled on a farm nearClarksville, in Butler county, where the

'PutjIIIIAnd]AnjII1 Are;DASK

!VaultedI}StandingI638 BIOGRAPHICAL ItEVIEW OFShall be i-hanged in the next to one of power,ralocked by the tread of our hiisty feet,In the bloom of flower and fruit shall meet.For back of rock, and bird and tree.Throbs the same great heart of Deity.Delights the God of the universe,His ancient miracles to rehearse;And the atom marches in time and sings,As itdid at the genesis of things.The old stone sill, with equal joy.Has welcomed the feet of maid and boy.welcomes, with promise of a man,ItThe country lad with his cheek of tan;With his muscles of iron, forced iu the field,A\iih a light in his eye that will not yieldTo the baser shows of citj' and town,With a purpose grand, that will not down.Though poverty stares; born of heat and cold.On prairies wide and in forests old:In whose cheek the morning blushes,And the mounting life-blood rushesThrough his veins like the sap in the tree;\Vhose spirit rises, bold and free..\> the floating cloud unvexed by rain,U'alching its shadow across the plain,The fresh-turued earth from the polished share,\ui\ the joy of the early morning air,Has woo'd this boy through every sense,\\'ith all the love of the elements.From forest and field comes that tuitionThat culture brings to best fruition.^\ lien the time had come for the great account,When the nation travailed in pain at the fountOf sorrow, and wearied with groans and teaiijAnd the burdened wrongs of a hundred yeai>,The God of battles had risen in mightTo break the chains and end the night.Then the door-sill kissed the hurrying feet

!;7^.1.V A- oouyrr, ir/.scvLV.sv.v. fi;i:»The linsy ail'*Ti) our eai'S a tlidusand welcomes lieiir;Kven Ihe lake flies' breezy tone

"^J