DÃ©formation photoinduite dans les films minces contenant des ...

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$G. M. Zaslavsky, Chaos, fractional kinetics, and anomalous transport ...$

pastel-00527388, version 1 - 19 Oct 2010
ContentsAbstractiAcknowledgementsiiipastel-00527388, version 1 - 19 Oct 2010List of FiguresList of Tables1 The azobenzene molecules: photochromic materials and photodeformationeffects 71.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.2 The azobenzene molecules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.2.1 The isomerization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.2.2 The photoisomerization mechanism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.2.3 The azobenzene families: classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101.2.4 Molecular reorientation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111.3 Photoinduced deformation in azo-containing materials . . . . . . . . . . . 111.3.1 Photodeformation phenomena in polymeric matrices containingazo-derivatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111.3.1.1 The dependence on the polarization . . . . . . . . . . . . 131.3.1.2 Photodeformation mechanisms: interpretations . . . . . . 131.3.1.3 Far-field and near-field experiments . . . . . . . . . . . . 151.4 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16xxiii2 Experimental setup and sample preparation 232.1 Experimental setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232.1.1 Probe fabrication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242.1.2 The microscope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262.1.3 Shear-force microscopy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272.1.3.1 Dimensioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282.1.3.2 Shear-force detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292.1.3.3 Feedback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312.1.3.4 Performances and calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342.1.4 Scanning Near-field Optical Microscope (SNOM) . . . . . . . . . . 362.1.4.1 Optical setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36vii
Page 1 and 2: Thèse de doctorat de l’Ecole Pol
Page 3 and 4: AcknowledgementsAt the beginning it
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Page 10 and 11: List of Figures1.1 The trans/cis ph
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Page 18 and 19: Introduction 2In this work, we stud
Page 20 and 21: Bibliography[1] A. Natansohn, P. Ro
Page 22 and 23: Introduction 6azobenzene-containing
Page 24 and 25: "##$%&'()')*#'+(%,-.(/#'011'2'"(%)(
Page 26 and 27: Chapter 1. The azobenzene molecules
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Chapter 2. Experimental setup and s
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pmma-dr1Chapter 2. Experimental set
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Chapter 3pastel-00527388, version 1
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Chapter 3. Microscopic mechanisms a
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dose (mJ!mm )(a)dose (mJ!mm )(b)dos
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TOPOGRAPHYgratamplxxphotoexpansion
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pmmaChapter 3. Microscopic mechanis
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Chapter 4. Photomechanical response
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sg+goldChapter 4. Photomechanical r
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P-250s-4VChapter 4. Photomechanical
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P-250s-4VChapter 4. Photomechanical
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Chapter 5Nanostructured hybrid syst
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Chapter 5. Nanostructured hybrid sy
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Bibliography[1] A. Natansohn, P. Ro
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Conclusionspastel-00527388, version
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Bibliography[1] Chi-Ming Che et Al.
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Appendix A 156⎛ ⎞ ⎛n g sinθ
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Appendix A 158hence for each compon
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Appendix BPhotoisomerization dynami
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Appendix B 162( 1Since λ 2 = −(
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Appendix C 164L = 5000 nmu = 1 nmL!
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Appendix D 166n. light power densit
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Bibliography[1] A. Natansohn, P. Ro
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Bibliography 170azobenzene-containi
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Bibliography 172as estimated from a
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Bibliography 174[53] C. Barrett, A.
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