DÃ©formation photoinduite dans les films minces contenant des ...

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List of Figuresxiipastel-00527388, version 1 - 19 Oct 20104.4 Polarization effect on the photodeformation of hybrid systems: gold coatedsol-gel Si-DR1 and PMMA-DR1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1204.5 Tip-sample interactions: experimental setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1224.6 Apertureless near-field photomechanical effects in a 200 nm thick sol-gelSi-DR1 film: dots obtained with a 4V interaction (scan off), under exposureto a single beam, varying the exposure time (τ exp = 200, 100, 50, 20, 13 s)1234.7 Photomechanical effects of the tip-sample interactions in a sol-gel Si-DR1film: strong 4 V interaction, scan on, single beam (1 Hz, P, τ exp = 200 s) 1244.8 Photomechanical effects of the tip-sample interactions (4 V ) in a sol-gelSi-DR1 film: superstructure on top of the surface gratings (interactionamplitude = 4V , 1 Hz, τ exp = 360 s, laser = PP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1254.9 Photomechanical effects of the tip-sample interactions in a sol-gel Si-DR1film: far-field and near-field photodeformation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1274.10 Photomechanical effects of the tip-sample interactions (2 V ) in a sol-gelSi-DR1 film: superstructure on top of the surface gratings (interactionamplitude = 2V , 1 Hz, τ exp = 600 s, laser = PP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1284.11 Photomechanical effects of the tip-sample interactions (2 V ) in a sol-gelSi-DR1 film: far-field and near-field photodeformation . . . . . . . . . . . 1294.12 Photomechanical effects of the tip-sample interactions in a sol-gel Si-DR1film . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1304.13 Hybrid metallic/photochromic layerd structure: 4V tip-sample interaction,influence of the scan duration and of the exposure time . . . . . . . 1324.14 Hybrid metallic/photochromic layerd structure: 4V tip-sample interaction,influence of the scan duration and of the exposure time . . . . . . . 1335.1 Gold nanoparticles on sol-gel Si-DR1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1385.2 Gold nanoparticles on sol-gel Si-DR1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1405.3 Gold nanoparticles on a sol-gel Si-DR1 film (surface functionalization) . . 1415.4 Large scale patterning process of gold coated PMMA-DR1 . . . . . . . . . 1425.5 Gold coated PMMA-DR1: nanopatterning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1435.6 Large scale patterning process of gold coated PMMA-DR1 . . . . . . . . . 1445.7 Hybrid metal/azo-polymer complex pattern obtained after sequential processing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1455.8 Gold coated PMMA-DR1: lithography mask . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1465.9 Gold coated PMMA-DR1: lithography mask . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1485.10 Gold coated PMMA-DR1: lithography mask . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1495.11 Reversible, oscillating actuation: a potential application . . . . . . . . . . 153A.1 Geometry at the sample surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155C.1 Deformation force calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164D.1 Deformation amplitude convention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165D.2 PMMA-DR1 photoinduced deformation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
List of Tables2.1 Sol-gel Si-DR1 preparation: experimental procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . 472.2 Sol-gel Si-DR1 preparation: film thickness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48pastel-00527388, version 1 - 19 Oct 20103.1 Variation of the photodeformation versus the polarization angle ϕ andthe field components’ intensities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 673.2 Polarization dependence of the assisted photoinduced deformation phenomena. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 873.3 Dependence of the matter-migration-induced SRG growth rate on the irradiationpower density under s-polarized interfering blue beams assistedby a p-polarized green beam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94D.1 PMMA-DR1: photodeformation dependence on the light intensity and onthe polarization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166xiii
Page 1 and 2: Thèse de doctorat de l’Ecole Pol
Page 3 and 4: AcknowledgementsAt the beginning it
Page 5 and 6: vpastel-00527388, version 1 - 19 Oc
Page 7: ContentsAbstractiAcknowledgementsii
Page 10 and 11: List of Figures1.1 The trans/cis ph
Page 14 and 15: pastel-00527388, version 1 - 19 Oct
Page 16 and 17: pastel-00527388, version 1 - 19 Oct
Page 18 and 19: Introduction 2In this work, we stud
Page 20 and 21: Bibliography[1] A. Natansohn, P. Ro
Page 22 and 23: Introduction 6azobenzene-containing
Page 24 and 25: "##$%&'()')*#'+(%,-.(/#'011'2'"(%)(
Page 26 and 27: Chapter 1. The azobenzene molecules
Page 40 and 41: Chapter 2. Experimental setup and s
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Chapter 2. Experimental setup and s
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pmma-dr1Chapter 2. Experimental set
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Chapter 3pastel-00527388, version 1
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Chapter 3. Microscopic mechanisms a
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dose (mJ!mm )(a)dose (mJ!mm )(b)dos
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TOPOGRAPHYgratamplxxphotoexpansion
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pmmaChapter 3. Microscopic mechanis
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Chapter 4. Photomechanical response
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sg+goldChapter 4. Photomechanical r
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P-250s-4VChapter 4. Photomechanical
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P-250s-4VChapter 4. Photomechanical
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Chapter 5Nanostructured hybrid syst
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Chapter 5. Nanostructured hybrid sy
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Bibliography[1] A. Natansohn, P. Ro
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Conclusionspastel-00527388, version
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Bibliography[1] Chi-Ming Che et Al.
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Appendix A 156⎛ ⎞ ⎛n g sinθ
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Appendix A 158hence for each compon
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Appendix BPhotoisomerization dynami
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Appendix B 162( 1Since λ 2 = −(
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Appendix C 164L = 5000 nmu = 1 nmL!
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Appendix D 166n. light power densit
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Bibliography[1] A. Natansohn, P. Ro
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Bibliography 170azobenzene-containi
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Bibliography 172as estimated from a
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Bibliography 174[53] C. Barrett, A.
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