DÃ©formation photoinduite dans les films minces contenant des ...

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$G. M. Zaslavsky, Chaos, fractional kinetics, and anomalous transport ...$

List of Figures1.1 The trans/cis photoisomerization of the azobenzene molecule . . . . . . . 81.2 Azobenzene molecule: energy levels Jablonski diagram . . . . . . . . . . . 91.3 Azobenzene photoisomerization: rotation and inversion mechanisms . . . 91.4 Disperse-Red 1 (DR1) molecule and its absorption spectrum in THF . . . 101.5 Photoinduced SRG on an azo-containing thin film under p-polarized light 121.6 Far-field and near-field photoinduced deformation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15pastel-00527388, version 1 - 19 Oct 20102.1 Principle of the coupled measurement system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232.2 Probe fabrication: heat-pulling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242.3 Tip apex diameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252.4 Tip anistropy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252.5 The microscope: head . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262.6 Shear-force microscopy: detection electronics and feedback . . . . . . . . . 272.7 Shear-force microscopy: feedback loop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322.8 Tip excitation and noise spectra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352.9 Optical setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372.10 Polar diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412.11 Disperse Red 1 molecule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432.12 hydrolysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442.13 alcoxolation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442.14 oxolation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442.15 Sol-gel Si-DR1 matrix formation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452.16 Si-DR1 preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462.17 Si-K preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462.18 Sol-gel Si-DR1: absorption spectra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492.19 PMMA-DR1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 502.20 Sample characterization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 513.1 SRG inscription in a sol-gel Si-DR1 film under an s- and a p-polarizedinterference patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 563.2 Photoexpansion and matter migration deformation amplitu<strong>des</strong> under successiveirradiations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 583.3 Photoexpansion: plastic and elastic deformation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 613.4 Photoexpansion as a function of the light dose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 623.5 Spatially shifted interference patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 633.6 Deformation amplitude convention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 643.7 Dependence on the polarization axis angle ϕ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65x
List of Figuresxipastel-00527388, version 1 - 19 Oct 20103.8 Mass-migration-induced SRG growth efficiency: symmetries and asymmetries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 663.9 Mass migration SRG growth efficiency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 683.10 Spatial field intensity distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 693.11 New coordinates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 703.12 Decomposition of the interference spatial field distribution: polarizationand intensity modulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 733.13 Correlation between matter migration SRG growth and the intensity andpolarization spatial modulations, as a function of the polarization axis ϕ . 753.14 Deformation amplitude convention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 773.15 Photoinduced matter migration using p-assisted s-polarized interferingbeams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 783.16 Photoexpansion using an assisting beam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 793.17 Photoinduced matter migration using s-assisted p-polarized interferingbeams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 813.18 Photoexpansion using an assisting beam: s-assisted p interference . . . . 823.19 Enhanced matter migration using simultaneous orthogonally polarizedassisted and interfering beams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 833.20 Enhanced matter migration using simultaneous orthogonally polarizedassisted and interfering beams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 843.21 Photoinduced SRG formation with a p interference pattern assisted witha p-polarized incoherent beam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 853.22 s-assisted s interference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 863.23 Directional matter migration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 863.24 Reversible directional matter transport: ss-p and pp-p configurations . . . 883.25 Reversible directional matter transport driven by polarization switchingalternatively between ss-p and pp-p polarization configurations: opticsand topography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 893.26 Reversible directional matter transport driven by polarization: 3D plotand average deformation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 903.27 p-assisted s-polarized interfering beams: dependence of the photodeformationmechanisms on the assisting beam’s power density . . . . . . . . . 933.28 Correlation between the SRG growth rate and the spatial modulation ofthe polarization under p-assisted s-polarized interference . . . . . . . . . . 943.29 Assisted beam mass migration efficiency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 953.30 Far-field photodeformation under a p-polarized gaussian beam . . . . . . 963.31 Matter migration under polarized Bessel beam. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 973.32 PMMA-DR1: polarization effects on the photoinduced deformation . . . . 1003.33 PMMA-DR1 photodeformation under p-assisted s-interfering beams . . . 1023.34 PMMA-DR1: deformation efficiency vs amplitude and polarization spatialmodulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1043.35 PMMA-DR1: statistical model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1063.36 PMMA-DR1: deformation efficiency vs amplitude and polarization spatialmodulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1074.1 Hybrid systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1164.2 Photodeformation under interfering beams of gold coated sol-gel Si-DR1 . 1184.3 Photodeformation under interfering beams of a gold coated PMMA-DR1 . 119
Page 1 and 2: Thèse de doctorat de l’Ecole Pol
Page 3 and 4: AcknowledgementsAt the beginning it
Page 5 and 6: vpastel-00527388, version 1 - 19 Oc
Page 7: ContentsAbstractiAcknowledgementsii
Page 12 and 13: List of Figuresxiipastel-00527388,
Page 14 and 15: pastel-00527388, version 1 - 19 Oct
Page 16 and 17: pastel-00527388, version 1 - 19 Oct
Page 18 and 19: Introduction 2In this work, we stud
Page 20 and 21: Bibliography[1] A. Natansohn, P. Ro
Page 22 and 23: Introduction 6azobenzene-containing
Page 24 and 25: "##$%&'()')*#'+(%,-.(/#'011'2'"(%)(
Page 26 and 27: Chapter 1. The azobenzene molecules
Page 40 and 41: Chapter 2. Experimental setup and s
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Chapter 2. Experimental setup and s
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pmma-dr1Chapter 2. Experimental set
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Chapter 3pastel-00527388, version 1
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Chapter 3. Microscopic mechanisms a
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dose (mJ!mm )(a)dose (mJ!mm )(b)dos
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TOPOGRAPHYgratamplxxphotoexpansion
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pmmaChapter 3. Microscopic mechanis
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Chapter 4. Photomechanical response
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sg+goldChapter 4. Photomechanical r
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P-250s-4VChapter 4. Photomechanical
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P-250s-4VChapter 4. Photomechanical
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Chapter 5Nanostructured hybrid syst
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Chapter 5. Nanostructured hybrid sy
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Bibliography[1] A. Natansohn, P. Ro
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Conclusionspastel-00527388, version
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Bibliography[1] Chi-Ming Che et Al.
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Appendix A 156⎛ ⎞ ⎛n g sinθ
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Appendix A 158hence for each compon
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Appendix BPhotoisomerization dynami
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Appendix B 162( 1Since λ 2 = −(
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Appendix C 164L = 5000 nmu = 1 nmL!
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Appendix D 166n. light power densit
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Bibliography[1] A. Natansohn, P. Ro
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Bibliography 170azobenzene-containi
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Bibliography 172as estimated from a
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Bibliography 174[53] C. Barrett, A.
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