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the476 [MISCELLANEOUSnote that coolies ill the lumber companies of the districtearn from forty to fifty cents a day.All mills run night and day using twoLabor f shifts< The lenS th 0> da^ varies fromtwelve to fourteen hours. Most of the peoplehave to work twelve hours, there being two forms ofoccupation at which they must work for the longer period.But when one thinks of the distance that these folk musttravel to and from their work, spending from a half hour totwo hours on the way, and in some cases over two hours,one begins to realize that the day is actually from thirteento seventeen hours long. And this in most cases for sevendays a week. The figures show that the people work six orseven days a week, but in practice they work about ten days,resting when the machinery demands it. The figures arebad enough for the men, but most of these workers are thewomen of the community, the future mothers, and manyare mere children. Though certain firms are desirous ofcutting down the working day and of eliminating the nightwork, conditions of competition with those who are unwilling to do so, make these changes impossible for about thirtyyears more, unless some manufacturers will have thecourage to demonstrate the importance of the worker in spiteof severe conditions of competition.*In the mills installed with modern mach in-Physical er an(j mos () them areConditions J protection of,, l .,the workers from the gears is complete. But inmost cases there is no protection from belts. There is noattempt to educate the workers with regard to safety;western experience has shown that this is a desideratum.In some occupations, such as fly-frame tending, womenand children have opportunity to rest ;seats along the sidesof the rooms show hard usage in every case. It is significantthat the workers freely sit even when the manager is goingthrough the mill. Other forms, like weaving, require sitting.But some, like sorting or seeding the cotton, afford nochance for sitting.*Compare Clark, "Cotton (ioods in Japan." Bulletin of theU. 8. Department of Commerce.