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;:notl>esurest!bc^ivcnSO<!|.Ah AND INl)i;STKTAIj CONDITIONS 17")Qrhc mills are owned by (Companies ofrthree different nationalities: English two,-Japanese two, Chinese live. Most of the Chinese, mills haveforeign superintendents.w,Of the workers, one ,in every ten is a child.()f tin 1 adults, one in every live is a maleworker. Wonie.n are predominant in this form of industry.Their manual dexterity makes them better textile workersthan men. They are principally from the villages andJ arins in the immediate vicinity, though some corne as far aslive miles.While, a few old women are hired, most are .youngor in their prime. The really old women remain at homeo (spin and weave Recording to the method of centuries, Itis the younger members of the amily who have transferred1their activity from the home to the factory, producing largequantities for others, not small amounts for themselves, asdo their mothers. Usually the children accompany theirrelatives; often children visit their mothers in the factoriesand help them, receiving no pay.The lowest.,.Pwages a. re paid to the childworkers, ten and fifteen cents per day. Whenasked, the children insist that their wages are ten cents aday. Next in the scale come the women workers who getfrom fifteen to thirty eents a day. In weaving, however,whore, wages are based on piece-work, they earn from thirtyto forty-live cents a day. They arc the best paid of all theworkers. It is evident that homes which have this incomein addition to the husband s or father s labour on the farmhave a source of wealth which can be tupped only in suchan industrial community, in close proximity to an agricultural neighbourhood. The men employed in the factories areusually the shroffs or Foremen. Their wages range fromtwenty-eight to thirty-live cents a day for ordinary workersand from $6 to $!-i2 a month for shroffs, etc. in the cottonmills, the best paid workers are the loom-fixers, men andwomen, who get fifty-five cents a day. By way of comparison,l<>The (inures nre iiiennl l<>merely ve. Whileaccurate,<!<>they rcprcH-nl enough cases t ull value.In all cascH they \vere secured directly from the managers.