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286 GENERAL AND RELIGIOUS EDUCATION5. Children who are placed in a certain trade undertwelve years old are almost certain to be misfitted forlife.6. When the child s work is sold before he is twelveyears old, it tends to encourage child-labour, education turnsto piece work, the child is driA en instead of taught, he learnsonly how to make one thing well in order to make thebusiness pay. The child does not learn the trade norreasons for the trade methods in the broadest sense.7. The present apprentice system as foundA renticem China is good in theory, but bad inSystem practice. The apprenticeship is for threeyears. The first year the boy is generalhouse-servant and learns only how to obey the wife; thesecond year he is a shop drudge and learns only to obey hismaster s orders and to fear his blows. The third year helearns a little of one part of his master s trade, neverworking at any but the coarsest things for fear he willspoil the work, lie is luck} T to get a chance to become anapprentice (with doubtful chance of a.earning doubtfulliving). He isdoubly lucky if he can pick up enoughfrom an ignorant master to enable him later on to be ablegradually to learn the trade himself, through the hardknocks of experience.Vocational8. Cost of running vocational schools,rent ^ ^ )i:i ^ cost of teachers and c^nS> servant,Schooh cost f equipment, wood or other materialfor students to work with, etc.School of thirty students, ten in each class. Three year coursetaking boys of at least two years common school education andtwelve to fourteen years old.Teacher and principal. Teach Chinese, drawing, arithmetic,etc. and supervise work in the .shop. Should be a graduate of aChinese trade school. $15-830 per month.Cost of initial equipment:Carpentry $- 500 for tools, Leather-work S100 to 8500benches, etc.Weaving $500 to $700 Soap-making #200 to $400Hat-making $200 Machine-shop82,0<X)Metal-work. $300 to $500 Plumbing .....8600Porcelain and clay 8100 to $800 Electric wiring $400