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6 GENERAL REVIEW OF THE YEARBeta Kappa society (implying high rank in scholarship).The missionary has often, perhaps commonly, enjoyed aselective preparation. Under some boards, at least, notmore than one out of twenty-five applicants reaches thefield. Of these many have been active in the Young Men sChristian Associations or Young Women s ChristianAssociations of their institutions. Many have come fromStudent Volunteer Bands, and have studied perhaps havetaught some of the many mission study textbooks now sowidely used. Sonic have specialized in sociological or otherlines. Among them the degree of Ph.D. is too common toattract special notice.Upon reaching China these capable, earnest, and eageryoung people are more and more gathered in languageschools, which are increasing in size and importance andmeeting an evident demand. The range of study and therapidity of acquirement by the students greatly out-distanceanything possible under the old system, unless withexceptional teachers. The opportunity for acquaint-iiicewith a wide circle of workers from other missions and otherfields will come to be valued more and more as yearselapse.Small Missions Another.striking development, especiallysince 1900, is the large increase of smallmissions. Some of these have paid scant attention toprevious occupation of the field, and some are distinctlyparasitic, going only where others have opened the way,rendering the preservation of Christian comity very difficult.Summer Resorts There is an increasing attendance at thesummer health resorts, most of which havebeen opened within the past two decades, and have provengreat blessings to all classes of foreigners in China.Here are held mission meetings, conferences of all kinds, andsimilar gatherings. Unfortunate^ it is not possible toeliminate from movements of this description unwholesomespeculation in land. Kents are necessarily high, andperhaps not fitted to a missionary income.Friends in the home land, perceiving the great advantages of these gateways to renewed health and strengthoften furnish the means to build the "cottages,"but this

"TWO DECADES OF CHANGES IN CHINA 3circumstance remains unknown, and the occupant is unjustlycriticized for his extravagance. Despite their obviousdrawbacks the summer resorts have saved countless lives.That they are not an annual necessity is shown by the factthat without them, now as in former times, many get onvery well.Within theTransportationpast twenty years all the mainrailways have been built, and Chinese transportation has been revolutionized. Inaccessible Shansi andYunnan can now be reached by rail, as Shensi soon will be.Shanghai is much less than forty-eight hours distant fromPeking. On the Upper Yangtze steam is now at last reducingby some weeks the long voyage to Chungking. This is theprecursor of the coming rail line to Chengtu, the far awaycapital of Szechwan, a line still, however, on the dim horizon.The effacement of the houseboat has been in part accomplished, yet one may still ride in it with comfort, tuggedalong by the puffy, wheezing, and sometimes unstable steamlaunch.The remoter mission stations in China are still remote,and for long will be so ;yet one after another they will beovertaken by the development of railways, till China has anetwork of them north, south, east, and west, together withmany diagonals. Their economic effects upon the nationare, and in the future are yet more to be, immeasurable.This is the true "Money-Shaking Tree of Chinese legend.From the ports jinrikshas have spread to the interior cities,over theand one may now bump more or less joyfullystones of such capitals as Tsinan, Paotingfu, Taiyiianfu,Kaifengfu, Wuchang, Changsha, Hangchow, and evenFoochow, and also in many market-towns as well. In thelarger places the rubber-tired vehicles (euphemistically"termed "glue-skin chiao p i) are a great improvementon their rattling predecessors. Electric trams have beenintroduced into Shanghai since 1907, and also into Tientsin.In the former city the confident prophecies of riots were notfulfilled. In Peking trams are expected before many years.In the meantime a Round-the-City Railway from the Ch ienMen east, north, and west to the Hsichih Gate has beenlately opened. (It is said that this road cost a large sum to

"TWO DECADES OF CHANGES IN CHINA 3circumstance remains unknown, and the occupant is unjustlycriticized for his extravagance. Despite their obviousdrawbacks the summer resorts have saved countless lives.That they are not an annual necessity is shown by the factthat without them, now as in former times, many get onvery well.Within theTransportationpast twenty years all the mainrailways have been built, and Chinese transportation has been revolutionized. Inaccessible Shansi andYunnan can now be reached by rail, as Shensi soon will be.Shanghai is much less than forty-eight hours distant fromPeking. On the Upper Yangtze steam is now at last reducingby some weeks the long voyage to Chungking. This is theprecursor of the coming rail line to Chengtu, the far awaycapital of Szechwan, a line still, however, on the dim horizon.The effacement of the houseboat has been in part accomplished, yet one may still ride in it with comfort, tuggedalong by the puffy, wheezing, and sometimes unstable steamlaunch.The remoter mission stations in China are still remote,and for long will be so ;yet one after another they will beovertaken by the development of railways, till China has anetwork of them north, south, east, and west, together withmany diagonals. Their economic effects upon the nationare, and in the future are yet more to be, immeasurable.This is the true "Money-Shaking Tree of Chinese legend.From the ports jinrikshas have spread to the interior cities,over theand one may now bump more or less joyfullystones of such capitals as Tsinan, Paotingfu, Taiyiianfu,Kaifengfu, Wuchang, Changsha, Hangchow, and evenFoochow, and also in many market-towns as well. In thelarger places the rubber-tired vehicles (euphemistically"termed "glue-skin chiao p i) are a great improvementon their rattling predecessors. Electric trams have beenintroduced into Shanghai since 1907, and also into Tientsin.In the former city the confident prophecies of riots were notfulfilled. In Peking trams are expected before many years.In the meantime a Round-the-City Railway from the Ch ienMen east, north, and west to the Hsichih Gate has beenlately opened. (It is said that this road cost a large sum to

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