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OTHER MISSIONS AND ASSOCIATIONS 161The chief emphasis of the past year has beenNumber andplaced on intensive development rather thanMembership of , , t>Associations ou expansion into new cities or lorms 01 work.No effort has been made to increase thenumber of student or city Associations. The organizationof new city Associations has been discouraged by theNational Committee except where trained secretaries couldbe secured and where conditions ensured permanence andefficiency. At the end of 1915 there were thirty cityAssociations with a membership of 13,475 and 136 studentAssociations with a membership of 10,514, making a total of166 Associations with a total membership of 23,989. CityAssociations are now organized in sixteen provinces, including the capitals in each instance.A special feature of the year was the membershipcampaigns conducted in Peking, Tientsin, Shanghai, Hangchow,Nanking, Hongkong, Foochow, and Canton, resultingin the enrolling of members. These campaigns enlisted theservices of some of the most prominent men in the differentcities and enrolled in the Association membership representatives from the leading classes. Shanghai leads with a paidupmembership on December 31. 1915, of 1,731 in the seniordepartment and 1,024 in the junior department, a total of2,755. The cities with adequate permanent equipmentshow rapid growth in membership. On December 31st, themembership of the Associations of this type was as follows :Peking, 1,802; Foochow, 1,456 ; Tientsin, 1,455. The numberof members reported includes only those actually enrolledand paid-up, and does not indicate the number of youngmen served by the Associations through their activities,many of which extend beyond the regular membership.^Q ^^ Associations are organized on alocally self-supporting and self-governingbasis. Building funds have been secured fromforeign sources up to the present, but funds for building siteshave been raised locally. This policy of self-support whichhas been pursued from the beginning of the work has provedto be a wise one and its results are most encouraging. It hasdone much to emphasize and develop the indigenous characterof the movement.A 20