ReadingQUESTIONS 21-50DIRECTIONS: Read each passage below and answer the questions following it. Base your answerson information contained only in the passage. You may reread a passage if you need to. Mark thebest answer for each question.5101520253035The eruption of the Philippine volcanoMount Pinatubo in June 1991 sent a hugecloud of gas and dust encircling the globe.The dust and ash from Mount Pinatubo wasblamed for a two-year decrease in globaltemperature, changes in weather patterns,and damage to the ozone layer. The situationbrings to mind a meteorological eventthat occurred 175 years earlier. At thattime, harsh weather conditions plaguedmuch of eastern North America, and, to alesser extent, northern Europe.April 1816 brought typical spring weatherto upstate New York and New England;trees budded and farmers prepared to plowand plant. In May, however, the expectedwarm temperatures failed to arrive. Mostpeople remained optimistic, waiting forthe summer that was “just around the corner.”They waited in vain. June usheredin what modern meteorologists call “TheYear Without a Summer.” During the firstweek of June, ten inches of snow fell onNew England. Throughout the month, temperaturesrarely rose above the 30s. Manyfarmers replanted crops several times,only to see them stunted or destroyed bysleet, hail, and icy winds. July and Augustbrought little improvement. During mostdays the temperature stayed in the 40s.Farmers’ diaries document their dailystruggles with near-freezing temperatures,failing crops, and dying farm animals. Thefew crops that managed to survive werekilled by frost in mid-September. Wintercame early in New England and was unusuallysevere. Even the South was affected; onJuly 4, the high temperature for Savannah,Georgia, was only 46 degrees!510152025303540455055606570Some religious leaders warned their congregationsthat the unusual weather meantthat the end of the world was drawing near.Other leaders attributed the cool weatherto unusual sunspot activity. The proliferationof the newly invented lightning rod wasalso blamed. Some people believed thatlightning rods had interrupted the naturaltemperature balance of the earth, causingthe cooler temperatures.It was not until October that the first plausibleexplanation for “The Year Without aSummer” was suggested. A German astronomer,Friedrich Bessel, reported seeing thickclouds of dust in the upper atmosphere. Hetheorized that these dust particles screenedportions of the earth from the warmingrays of the sun. It was discovered that, inApril 1815, Mount Tambora, an Indonesianvolcano, had erupted with such force thatit had sent an estimated 100 cubic miles offine dust into the atmosphere. Witnesses tothe eruption reported that the sky remaineddark for two days. The dust then rose highinto the stratosphere, where it encircled theworld for several years to come.Skeptics in 1816 doubted that a far-awayvolcano could steal their summer. However,most present-day researchers believeBessel’s explanation to be generally correct,demonstrating the global nature of weather.The dust in the atmosphere eventuallysettled, and the spring of 1817 was back tonormal.40455055606570FORM B78CONTINUE ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 1
21. Which of the following best tells what thispassage is about?A. why some religious leaders believed theend of the world was coming in 1816B. a summer of strange weather and itsprobable causeC. the importance of summer weather toagriculture in New EnglandD. two volcanic eruptionsE. a comparison of the weather of 1816and 199122. What is the most likely reason farmerspersisted in replanting their crops?F. They believed that the cold weather couldnot continue all summer long.G. They were attempting to increase cropyields to higher levels than they had everbefore achieved.H. They thought that crops would be able tosurvive even though the weatherremained cold.J. The weather had warmed up by July.K. They thought the June snowfalls wouldprovide needed moisture.23. Which of the following was probably trueabout the winter of 1816-1817?A. The government decided to establish aweather forecasting service.B. Temperatures were warmer than usual forthat time of year.C. New Englanders faced shortages of fruitsand vegetables.D. Bessel’s theory was completely discredited.E. People quickly forgot about “The YearWithout a Summer.”24. Which of the following is implied by thephrase “the global nature of weather”(line 70)?F. Meteorologists around the world need tostay in close contact.G. Extreme weather conditions may stimulatevolcanic eruptions in other parts ofthe world.H. Natural disasters tend to occur in differentparts of the world at the same time.J. Conditions in one part of the world canaffect weather in another part.K. A single storm may cover the entire world.25. Which of the following situations, if it hadoccurred, would lend further support tothe conclusion that “The Year Without aSummer” was caused by the eruption of MountTambora?A. Volcanoes all over the world erupted at thesame time as Mount Tambora.B. Other parts of the world also experiencedunusually cold weather in 1816.C. Temperatures in Indonesia in 1816 werehigher than average.D. Subsequent summers in New Englandwere warmer than average.E. The eruption of Mount Pinatubo did notdisturb weather patterns.26. Which of the following best summarizesBessel’s theory?F. The cold weather would end when thewinter of 1816-1817 began.G. The cold summer of 1816 indicated thatthe world was about to end.H. The eruptions of Mount Tambora andMount Pinatubo affected global weather inthe same way.J. The eruption of Mount Pinatubo is responsiblefor numerous weather changes.K. Dust particles in the air blocked thewarmth of the sun.FORM B79CONTINUE ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 1