2016SHSAT_English

Paragraph 2Most cowboys of North and South America lacked the necessary chemicals to soften animal hidesinto leather, so they often used rough, untreated hides, or rawhide, for their gear.______ Q. The result was a soft, supple piece of leather for making reins, halters, straps, andother cowboy gear.______ R. The strip was pulled through the slot repeatedly, with the stick held at a slight angleso that it took effort to draw the strip through.______ S. They took a round piece of wood, such as a broom handle, cut a lengthwise slotthrough the middle of it, and filed the edges of the slot until they were smooth.______ T. However, the gauchos, the cowboys of South America, created an effective method forsoftening strips of rawhide without the need for chemicals.______ U. The gauchos then rubbed a rawhide strip with saddle soap and inserted one endinto the slot.Paragraph 3In the 1880s, John Wesley Powell, an explorer of the Grand Canyon and director of the UnitedStates Geological Survey, led the development of the first topographical maps of the entireUnited States.______ Q. This is because streams cut into the land, so contour lines will turn upstream, crossthe waterway, and return downstream, creating a V shape, with the “V” pointingupstream.______ R. Waterways, such as streams, are usually marked in blue on topo maps, but even ifthey were not, the presence of one could still be identified using contour lines.______ S. Contour lines indicate the slope of the land as well.______ T. If the lines are close together, the elevation is changing rapidly and the slope is steep,whereas widely spaced lines depict a gently sloping terrain.______ U. Also called “topo maps,” these maps differ from others in using thin brown lines,called contour lines, to connect points of equal elevation.CONTINUE ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 1FORM B73