2016SHSAT_English
2016SHSAT_English 2016SHSAT_English
51015202530354045Anyone who has watched TV news coverageof a hurricane has seen how destructivewind energy can be. But the power of thewind can also be put to constructive use.From sailboats to old-fashioned windmillsto the high-tech, modern wind machinescalled turbines, people have devised ways toharness wind energy for thousands of years.The first known attempt to use wind powerwas the sailboat. Ancient shipbuildersunderstood how to use forces like lift andmomentum, even if they could not explainthose forces scientifically. The principlesbehind sailing led to the development ofthe windmill. The first known windmillsoriginated in Persia, an area that is nowIran, as early as a.d. 500. They were createdto help with the demanding chores of grindinggrain and pumping water. By the tenthcentury, windmills were used throughoutcentral Asia; they were used in China asearly as the thirteenth century.In Europe, windmills came into widespreaduse during the twelfth century. As in otherparts of the world, they were used formilling grain and pumping water. Windmillsreplaced the water wheel, which was turnedby the movement of running water overpaddles mounted around a wheel. Thewindmill was more adaptable and efficientthan the water wheel and quickly becamepopular. For example, Holland, famousfor its windmills, used the machines topump seawater away from low-lying coastalbogs. This allowed the Dutch to reclaimlarge areas of land from the sea. Windmillseventually became sophisticated enough foruse in a broad range of work, from sawmillsand drainage pumping to processing goodssuch as dyes, tobacco, cocoa, and spices.510152025303540455055606570In the 1700s, as steam engines gained inpopularity, the use of wind machines formany types of work declined. However,windmills still played an essential role inpumping water on farms throughout theAmerican West and Midwest. Between 1850and 1970, over six million small windmillswere installed on American farms for wateringlivestock and meeting other water needs.In many remote areas even today, livestockproduction would be impossible without theuse of windmills to provide water.Beginning in the late nineteenth century,windmills were adapted to generateelectricity. During the 1930s and ’40s,thin-bladed windmills provided electricityfor hundreds of thousands of farms acrossthe United States. By the 1950s, however,power lines connected almost every householdin America to a central power source,such as a utility company. After that, therewas little need for wind turbines until theenergy crisis of the 1970s. At that time,interest in wind turbines was renewed dueto rising energy costs and concern aboutthe future availability of fossil fuels such asoil, coal, and natural gas. The last severaldecades have seen the development of“wind farms,” clusters of wind turbines thatgenerate electricity. Efficient, clean, andfairly inexpensive to operate, wind farmsmay prove to be as important in the futureas earlier windmills were in the past.45. Which of the following best tells what thispassage is about? P05-023BA. the destructive power of wind energyB. the ways people have harnessed windpower throughout historyC. reasons for developing wind farms togenerate electricityD. how windmills are used in the UnitedStatesE. the use of the windmill in the present day46. Where were the first known windmills built?F. Persia P05-024AG. North AmericaH. EuropeJ. ChinaK. Holland5055606570FORM A48CONTINUE ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 1
47. Which of the following best expresses theauthor’s opinion regarding the future use ofwind energy? P05-029DA. Wind farms will someday be the onlysource of electricity in the United States.B. Wind farms will not be successful in providinglarge amounts of electricity.C. Wind farming will eventually be replacedby new energy sources.D. Wind farms will become an importantsource of electricity in the United States.E. Wind farming will become more expensiveas more consumers switch to using it.48. The adaptation of old-fashioned waterpumpingwindmills into wind turbines thatgenerate electricity illustrates P05-030EF. that modern technology is no improvementover ancient technology.G. the inability of people to generate a betteridea.H. how wind power has helped to reclaim landfrom the sea.J. that water cannot be used to generateelectricity.K. the ability of people to think creatively.50. According to the passage, how did windmillsaid the growth of the country of Holland?F. Windmills helped Dutch shipbuilders usethe forces of lift and momentum.G. By pumping seawater out, the Dutchturned bogs into usable land.H. Windmills made the country of Hollandfamous.J. By pumping seawater, the Dutch floodedcoastal bogs in order to improve shiptravel.K. In Holland, windmills led to the use ofwater wheels. P05-027BCONTINUE ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 149. Why were fewer American farms dependent onwindmills for electrical power after the 1950s? A. Windmills were not used for any purposeafter that time.B. The energy crisis had prompted interestin other fuel sources.C. The energy crisis had stopped the developmentof wind turbines.D. A centralized power system had connectedalmost all American homes.E. Wind farms had replaced the need forindividual windmills. P05-025DFORM A49
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47. Which of the following best expresses theauthor’s opinion regarding the future use ofwind energy? P05-029DA. Wind farms will someday be the onlysource of electricity in the United States.B. Wind farms will not be successful in providinglarge amounts of electricity.C. Wind farming will eventually be replacedby new energy sources.D. Wind farms will become an importantsource of electricity in the United States.E. Wind farming will become more expensiveas more consumers switch to using it.48. The adaptation of old-fashioned waterpumpingwindmills into wind turbines thatgenerate electricity illustrates P05-030EF. that modern technology is no improvementover ancient technology.G. the inability of people to generate a betteridea.H. how wind power has helped to reclaim landfrom the sea.J. that water cannot be used to generateelectricity.K. the ability of people to think creatively.50. According to the passage, how did windmillsaid the growth of the country of Holland?F. Windmills helped Dutch shipbuilders usethe forces of lift and momentum.G. By pumping seawater out, the Dutchturned bogs into usable land.H. Windmills made the country of Hollandfamous.J. By pumping seawater, the Dutch floodedcoastal bogs in order to improve shiptravel.K. In Holland, windmills led to the use ofwater wheels. P05-027BCONTINUE ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 149. Why were fewer American farms dependent onwindmills for electrical power after the 1950s? A. Windmills were not used for any purposeafter that time.B. The energy crisis had prompted interestin other fuel sources.C. The energy crisis had stopped the developmentof wind turbines.D. A centralized power system had connectedalmost all American homes.E. Wind farms had replaced the need forindividual windmills. P05-025DFORM A49