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396 CHINA MISSION YEAR BOOK.industries as an adjunct. The first is a trades school,where book education is given chiefly during the comparatively brief hours of rest from manual labor. Thesecond is a school whose first aim is to give a liberaleducation, in which manual labor is introduced eitherfor economical or ethical purposes. Among Protestantmissions the trades school type seems to be confinedalmost wholly to schools for girls and women. Thesehave been most conspicuously successful in Chefoo,Soochow, and Foochow, following the line of drawnwork,laces, and hand si Ik-weaving. In Swatow the workhas become a commercial enterprise, carried on almostentirely by the Chinese themselves. In all these places ithas opened the way for Chinese women and girls in asuitable manner to earn a living or to supplement theearnings of the men of the family. The blessings wroughtby such industrial education, when wisely and skilfullydirected, are simply incalculable. It is found in the greatChefoo enterprise that this kind of mission work can becarried on without drawing upon any missionary fundswhatever ; the support of all the missionaries and cost ofbuildings being provided by the legitimate profits of thebusiness. It would seem as though all that is necessaryfor the indefinite expansion of work of this kind is themultiplication of such personalities as Mr and Mrs.James McMullan. We admit that this condition is onenot easy to overcome, but is itimpossible ? Thesepioneers have blazed the way ;what missionary societieswill follow in the comparatively easy path made ^moothby their experience and success ?The Chinese government has started trades schoolsin a number of places. The writer has not had anopportunity to make a thorough study of these institutions, but so far as he can learn they have been expensive experiments, as all Chinese government enterprisesare. The one in Foochow is said to have cost aboutone thousand dollars a month the first year, but laterthe losses have been reduced by more careful manage-