Family Planning in Asia and the Pacific - International Council on ...

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TableTable4Achievements of Myanmar <strong>and</strong> gaps <strong>in</strong> achiev<strong>in</strong>g Millennium Development Goal 5Indicator 1990-1994 1996-2001 2005-2007 2015 target SourceTargetsTarget 5.A:Reduce bythree quarters,between 1990<strong>and</strong> 2015,<strong>the</strong> maternalmortality ratioTarget 5.B:Achieve, by2015, universalaccess toreproductivehealth5.1. Maternalmortality ratio(number ofmaternal deathsper 100,000 livebirths)5.2. Proportionof birthsattended byskilled healthpersonnel (%)5.3.Contraceptiveprevalence rate(%)5.4 Adolescentbirth rate5.5. Antenatalcare coverage(at least onevisit <strong>and</strong> at leastfour visits)*5.6. Unmetneed for familyplann<strong>in</strong>g232 255 316 14551 57 64 8016.8 37 41 60Five yearStrategicPlan for RH(2009-2013) =(RH-SP)RH-SP 2009-2013RH-SP 2009-201329 22.7, 16.9* Not set *2007 FRHS42.2 64.5 8019.1 17.7
Explore alternative f<strong>in</strong>anc<strong>in</strong>g options, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g f<strong>in</strong>d<strong>in</strong>gways to <strong>in</strong>crease <strong>the</strong> role of <strong>the</strong> private sector <strong>and</strong> NGOpartners.Improve <strong>the</strong> quality of RH <strong>and</strong> birth-spac<strong>in</strong>g servicesby ensur<strong>in</strong>g skills tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g, <strong>the</strong> issuance of, <strong>and</strong> follow<strong>in</strong>gthrough with, st<strong>and</strong>ard operational procedures <strong>and</strong>guidel<strong>in</strong>es <strong>in</strong> practice.Support supervision <strong>and</strong> <strong>in</strong>centives for basic healthworkers who serve <strong>in</strong> hard-to-reach rural areas.Ensure better stewardship of exist<strong>in</strong>g resources bystreng<strong>the</strong>n<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> "supply cha<strong>in</strong>" through capacitybuild<strong>in</strong>gmeasures to forecast, f<strong>in</strong>ance, procure <strong>and</strong>deliver high-quality <strong>and</strong> reliable supplies <strong>and</strong> services.Provide policy guidel<strong>in</strong>es for effective utilization of <strong>the</strong>“revolv<strong>in</strong>g fund” accumulated at <strong>the</strong> township level forbirth-spac<strong>in</strong>g commodity security <strong>and</strong> give exemptionsfor payment to <strong>the</strong> neediest citizens.Work with United Nations <strong>and</strong> national NGOs toestablish an <strong>in</strong>centive system for <strong>in</strong>tr<strong>in</strong>sic motivation toempower community-support groups to create betterl<strong>in</strong>kages between community <strong>and</strong> health-care providersfor better RH <strong>and</strong> birth-spac<strong>in</strong>g care <strong>and</strong> support.Streng<strong>the</strong>n logistics management <strong>and</strong> ensure RH<strong>and</strong> birth-spac<strong>in</strong>g commodity security through subcommitteeon RHCS of <strong>the</strong> national work<strong>in</strong>g committeeon RH <strong>in</strong> coord<strong>in</strong>at<strong>in</strong>g efforts to meet <strong>the</strong> needs for RHcommodities.Stipulate policy directions for utilization of OAo<strong>the</strong>raccount funds accumulated for RHCS <strong>and</strong>cost-recovery schemes for RHC (build<strong>in</strong>g on <strong>the</strong> drugrevolv<strong>in</strong>g fund).<strong>International</strong> non-governmentalorganizationsPSI, MSI, AZG, AMI, ADRA, Save <strong>the</strong> Children <strong>and</strong>all o<strong>the</strong>r actors <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> RH programme need to lobby<strong>the</strong>ir national governments to commit an adequate <strong>and</strong>stable supply of RH <strong>and</strong> birth-spac<strong>in</strong>g commodities,along with high-quality services, <strong>and</strong> to pledge fund<strong>in</strong>gsupport as projected <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> second Five-year NationalStrategic Plan for RH (2009-2013).Educate members, constituents, or clients about <strong>the</strong>need for high-quality services, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g a consistentsupply of contraceptives <strong>and</strong> condoms, <strong>and</strong> about <strong>the</strong>importance of voic<strong>in</strong>g concern over <strong>in</strong>adequate supplies<strong>and</strong> services.Test <strong>and</strong> evaluate <strong>in</strong>novative strategies for provid<strong>in</strong>ghigh-quality, cost-effective products <strong>and</strong> servicessensitive to <strong>the</strong> country’s cultural norms <strong>and</strong> practices.DonorsMeet <strong>the</strong> need for RH <strong>and</strong> birth-spac<strong>in</strong>g commoditiesgiven <strong>the</strong> government's limited <strong>in</strong>vestment <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> healthsector. Bilateral donors, such as Germany, USAID <strong>and</strong>AusAid, may wish to support maternal health.Consortia of donors, such as <strong>the</strong> GAVI Alliance, WorldBank, Global Fund, Three Disease Fund, need to directefforts to streng<strong>the</strong>n <strong>the</strong> health system for better RH<strong>and</strong> birth-spac<strong>in</strong>g services.Actively review <strong>the</strong> second Five-year National StrategicPlan <strong>and</strong> discuss with MOH priority needs <strong>in</strong> orderto make available more fund<strong>in</strong>g for cont<strong>in</strong>uouscontraceptive supplies. Strive for greater consistency<strong>and</strong> coherence <strong>in</strong> policies <strong>and</strong> programmes to allowfor longer-term plann<strong>in</strong>g on <strong>the</strong> part of recipientgovernments.Develop flexible <strong>and</strong> simplified procedures forpurchas<strong>in</strong>g commodities <strong>and</strong> explore new mechanismsfor pool<strong>in</strong>g <strong>and</strong> coord<strong>in</strong>at<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>ternational commoditypurchases.Address RHCS through <strong>the</strong> provision of low-costcontraceptives, shar<strong>in</strong>g of experiences <strong>and</strong> provisionof technical assistance through <strong>the</strong> South-Southcooperation modality.Changes needed before <strong>the</strong> wayforward <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> reproductive health<strong>and</strong> birth-spac<strong>in</strong>g programmebecomes clearSupportive attitude of all partnersMyanmar is unique <strong>in</strong> its political, economic, socio-cultural<strong>and</strong> ethnic diversity <strong>and</strong> has unique religious <strong>and</strong> ethicalvalues, diverse ethnicity <strong>and</strong> philosophical convictions.Thus, when implement<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> ICPD Programme ofAction it is important to take <strong>in</strong>to account <strong>the</strong> factorswhich govern <strong>the</strong> population <strong>and</strong> its development, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong><strong>in</strong>tensified efforts needed to improve <strong>the</strong> quality of life of<strong>the</strong> population of Myanmar <strong>and</strong> its future generations. It isobvious that, as with any health system, <strong>the</strong>re are strengths<strong>and</strong> weaknesses. However, it is timely <strong>and</strong> appropriate toadopt a positive attitude for, work<strong>in</strong>g toge<strong>the</strong>r <strong>and</strong> pool<strong>in</strong>gresources, stimulat<strong>in</strong>g more collaboration, coord<strong>in</strong>ation<strong>and</strong> trust between MOH, <strong>the</strong> United Nations <strong>and</strong><strong>in</strong>ternational NGOs as equal partners work<strong>in</strong>g towards acommon goal for <strong>the</strong> good of <strong>the</strong> population of Myanmar<strong>in</strong> order to achieve MDGs.Transparency <strong>in</strong> shar<strong>in</strong>g of data <strong>and</strong><strong>in</strong>formationAt all levels of plann<strong>in</strong>g, programme implementation <strong>and</strong>287
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Family Pla
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ForewordThe Asia <
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Part 1Part 1Asia <
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Ensuring that <str
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of methods for all, in</str
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and undertake <str
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Report on the Regi
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SESSION 1: Changin
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that improving <st
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at a hospital would be offered post
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Bounkoung Phichit, Deputy M
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medicines
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Thus, while knowledge of modern met
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Hon. Mr. Malakai Tabar, Chairman, P
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curricula. If the
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dialogue as well as regional <stron
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BackgroundGlobal development effort
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TableTable1EventNational policyYear
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A third observation is that reporte
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TableTable2Current Contraceptive Pr
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Figure(-1.2), Cook Island</
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FigureTableTable3Trends in<
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Nam. Nearly all economies i
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2008 2009% Bilateral % Multilateral
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family planning wi
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IntroductionFamily
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The advent of the
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FigureFigure1Oceania and</s
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next 25 years, however, TFR fluctua
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FigureFigureFigure2Total fertility
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family planning pr
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esponsible for the
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that estimates of CPR for earlier p
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Figuremarried at an older age compa
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As previously mentioned most <stron
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FigureFigure945Relationship between
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The concept of “unmet need” has
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TableTable8Percentage of th
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TableTable9Percentage of reasons fo
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family planning pr
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As far as the supp
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Socio-cultural challenges tofamily
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likely to use contraception than yo
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15 Tests of statistical significanc
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of the South <stro
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104
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Figurewill exceed the</stro
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in urban (67%) tha
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ased service delivery poin<
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Most FWAs who were recruited two to
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are considered, unmet need for effe
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Households pay the
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Effective public-private partnershi
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ConclusionThe Bangladesh Fa
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the Family
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National Institute for Population R
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IndiaIndiaFamily <
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IntroductionThe use of contraceptiv
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TableTable2Indicators of tra<strong
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FigureFigureFigure1Contraceptive pr
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TableTable5Indicators of contracept
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TableTable6Adjusted odds ratios for
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FigureFigure3Contraceptive prevalen
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TableTable7Adjusted and</st
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the north
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TableTable10Differences between nor
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TableTable11 Total fertility rate <
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End Note1The first camp was success
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152
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154
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Figure1980s and ex
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health care and ed
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assistance from UNFPA and</
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in CPR. Likewise,
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International supp
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in development has
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__________ (2007). Population <stro
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170
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TableTable2What has the</st
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174
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per cent of women reported us<stron
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is provider bias that such methods
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TableTable7skewed distribution of h
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TableTable8TableTable9182
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that of the nation
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TableTable12 7some policies that ex
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The system guides the</stro
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FigureFigure4Total donor expenditur
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FigureFigureagain
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Impact of family plannin</s
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marketing of contr
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United States Agency for In
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200
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acceptable. From an NGO perspective
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FigureThis trend of limited donor f
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Figureto have the
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FigureFigure5Percentage change <str
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FigureFigure6Desire to limit childb
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coordination betwe
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the 1980s
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Policy Management.__________ (n.d.,
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218
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Population Activities (UNFPA) for a
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where family plannin</stron
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Thus an objective assessment of <st
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226
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Figureeconomic growth durin
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TableTable1TableTable2For spac<stro
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eflect a provider bias (e.g., <stro
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The Indonesian delegation was very
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Page 256 and 257: FigureTrends and p
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Page 270 and 271: ReferencesAng, Eng Suan (2007). Stu
Page 272 and 273: Demographic data sheet: population
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Page 282 and 283: FigureIn Myanmar, out of six select
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Page 290 and 291: FigureHIV/AIDS. An HIV-positive wom
Page 292 and 293: National Population PolicyMyanmar i
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Page 300 and 301: Nay Pyi Taw, 26 October 2010.53 Sit
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Page 306 and 307: TableTableA296
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336
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includin</
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TableTable1Contraceptive prevalence
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These results suggest that about 70
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2 The (period) TFR is the</
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346
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FigureThe existence of traditional
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Guinea case by <st
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The establishment of provin
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provide family plannin</str
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Figurelegal requirement nor a condi
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FigureTableTable5TableTable6Figure4
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modern method and
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married or in unio
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Figureolder. Both the</stro
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TableTable15The immediate past Nati
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out that the “ne
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Commodity securitySupply cha<strong
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is able to achieve. In Papua New Gu
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Qualitative assessments by a number
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increasin<
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service delivery poin</stro
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Population: Views from Men
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1545-1730Day 2: December 9Session 2
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Day 3, December 10Session 50830-100
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15Mr. Tong Sithen1
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54Ms. Shadiya IbrahimAssistant Repr
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93Mr. Melkie AntonProject OfficerUn
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131Dr. John P. SkibiakDirectorRepro
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International <str
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