Family Planning in Asia and the Pacific - International Council on ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

population size, with just 336,000 <strong>in</strong>habitants, or 0.6 percent of <strong>the</strong> total population.The sex ratio is 98.9 males per 100 females at <strong>the</strong> nationallevel; however, <strong>the</strong>re are variations among states <strong>and</strong>divisions, rang<strong>in</strong>g from over 100 <strong>in</strong> Kayah, Bago, Mon,Shan <strong>and</strong> Ayeyarwady to 95 <strong>in</strong> Ch<strong>in</strong>. Sex ratios exceed<strong>in</strong>g100 <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> five above-mentioned areas <strong>in</strong>dicate that <strong>the</strong>yhave an excess of males, which is probably due to <strong>the</strong> factthat <strong>the</strong>se areas offer favourable employment opportunities<strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>refore attract male <strong>in</strong>ternal migrants. The sex ratiois a proxy <strong>in</strong>dicator show<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> absence of sex selectiveabortion <strong>and</strong> <strong>in</strong>fanticide. Myanmar has an impartialattitude towards sex preference, at least as reflected <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong>number of males vis-à-vis females. Data on <strong>the</strong> estimatedpopulation by region, density <strong>and</strong> sex ratio are given <strong>in</strong>Table 1.FertilityIn Myanmar, fertility has been decl<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g. The crude birthrate (CBR) has decreased from 34.8 births per 1,000population <strong>in</strong> 1983 to 17.3 <strong>in</strong> 2006; fertility halved dur<strong>in</strong>gthose decades, with fertility decl<strong>in</strong>e between 2001 <strong>and</strong>2006 be<strong>in</strong>g about 30 per cent, accord<strong>in</strong>g to various reportsof <strong>the</strong> Fertility <strong>and</strong> Reproductive Health Survey (FRHS).The Nationwide Cause-specific Maternal Mortality Survey(2004-2005) revealed that CBR was close to <strong>the</strong> 2006rates (18.4 at <strong>the</strong> national level; 15.7 for urban <strong>and</strong> 19.5 forrural areas). The rates for <strong>the</strong> national level as <strong>in</strong>dicated by<strong>the</strong> vital registration system also showed a decl<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g trend,but at somewhat higher levels. Urban, rural <strong>and</strong> regionalvariations exist; <strong>the</strong> urban-rural differential is about 2,with urban CBR be<strong>in</strong>g less than rural. The 2007 FRHSshowed <strong>the</strong> lowest CBR of 15 <strong>in</strong> M<strong>and</strong>alay Division <strong>and</strong><strong>the</strong> highest CBR of 22 <strong>in</strong> Rakh<strong>in</strong>e State (see Figures 1 <strong>and</strong>2). 7The total fertility rate (TFR) was 4.7 children per woman<strong>in</strong> 1983; it decreased to 3.5 <strong>in</strong> 1991 <strong>and</strong> 2.0 <strong>in</strong> 2006,accord<strong>in</strong>g to <strong>the</strong> 1983 census, 1991 Population Changes<strong>and</strong> Fertility Survey (PCFS) <strong>and</strong> 2007 FRHS. TFR decl<strong>in</strong>e<strong>in</strong> 1983 <strong>and</strong> 2006 was about 43 per cent, or 1.8 per centper annum. Urban <strong>and</strong> rural differences exist. Women <strong>in</strong>rural areas have two to three children on average, whereaswomen <strong>in</strong> urban areas have fewer than two children. Withregard to <strong>the</strong> regional differential, it follows <strong>the</strong> same trendas CBR, with M<strong>and</strong>alay hav<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> lowest TFR (1.7) <strong>and</strong>Rakh<strong>in</strong>e State hav<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> highest (2.9) 8 .TableTable1Population, density <strong>and</strong> sex ratio for 2009-2010SNState/ Division= StatesPopulation (<strong>in</strong> thous<strong>and</strong>s)Total Males FemalesDensity (Per sqkm)Sex RatioUnion 59130 29400 29730 87 98.91 Kach<strong>in</strong> 1560 771 789 17 97.82 Kayah 351 178 173 29 102.73 Kay<strong>in</strong> 1794 888 906 60 98.04 Ch<strong>in</strong> 545 266 279 14 95.25 Mon 3106 1560 1546 253 100.86 Rakh<strong>in</strong>e 3271 1630 1641 89 99.37 Shan 5594 2803 2791 36 100.4Divisions8 Saga<strong>in</strong>g 6479 3184 3295 69 96.69 Tan<strong>in</strong>tharyi 1691 844 847 38 99.510 Bago 5944 2988 2956 150 101.111 Magway 5564 2738 2826 124 96.912 M<strong>and</strong>alay 8333 4118 4215 178 97.713 Yangon 6944 3447 3497 683 98.614 Ayeyarwady 7952 3984 3968 227 100.4Source: Department of Population. Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar, 2010* Calculated based on <strong>the</strong> data from Department of Population264
FigureFigureFigureFigure1Crude Birth Rate for selected years40353025201510501983 1991 2001 2007Source: 1983 Census, 1991 PCFS, 2001 FRHS, 2007 FRHSFigure2Crude Birth Rate by State/Divisions of Myanmar, 200725201510TotalUrbanRural50UnionKach<strong>in</strong>/Kayah/ShanKay<strong>in</strong>/Mon/Tan<strong>in</strong>tharyiCh<strong>in</strong>/Saga<strong>in</strong>gBagoMagwayM<strong>and</strong>alayRakh<strong>in</strong>eYangonAyeyarwadySource: Country Report, 2007 Fertility Reproductive Health Survey, Department of Population.Figure3Nuptiality trend, 1973- 20066050Percent403020100Never marriedMarriedWidowedDivorced/separated1973 Census39.65171.51983 Census42.149.46.31.41991 PCFS44.747.86.61.52001 FRHS55.737.85.41.12007 FRHS54.139.25.61Source: Population census, 1973 <strong>and</strong> 2007 FRHS.265
Page 1:
Family Pla
Page 7 and 8:
ForewordThe Asia <
Page 11:
Part 1Part 1Asia <
Page 14 and 15:
Ensuring that <str
Page 16 and 17:
of methods for all, in</str
Page 18 and 19:
and undertake <str
Page 21 and 22:
Report on the Regi
Page 23 and 24:
SESSION 1: Changin
Page 25 and 26:
that improving <st
Page 31:
at a hospital would be offered post
Page 35:
Bounkoung Phichit, Deputy M
Page 38 and 39:
medicines
Page 40 and 41:
Thus, while knowledge of modern met
Page 42 and 43:
Hon. Mr. Malakai Tabar, Chairman, P
Page 44 and 45:
curricula. If the
Page 47:
dialogue as well as regional <stron
Page 51:
BackgroundGlobal development effort
Page 54 and 55:
TableTable1EventNational policyYear
Page 56 and 57:
A third observation is that reporte
Page 58 and 59:
TableTable2Current Contraceptive Pr
Page 60 and 61:
Figure(-1.2), Cook Island</
Page 62:
FigureTableTable3Trends in<
Page 65 and 66:
Nam. Nearly all economies i
Page 67:
2008 2009% Bilateral % Multilateral
Page 70 and 71:
family planning wi
Page 73 and 74:
IntroductionFamily
Page 75 and 76:
The advent of the
Page 77 and 78:
FigureFigure1Oceania and</s
Page 79 and 80:
next 25 years, however, TFR fluctua
Page 81 and 82:
FigureFigureFigure2Total fertility
Page 83 and 84:
family planning pr
Page 85 and 86:
esponsible for the
Page 87 and 88:
that estimates of CPR for earlier p
Page 90 and 91:
Figuremarried at an older age compa
Page 92 and 93:
As previously mentioned most <stron
Page 94 and 95:
FigureFigure945Relationship between
Page 96 and 97:
The concept of “unmet need” has
Page 98 and 99:
TableTable8Percentage of th
Page 100 and 101:
TableTable9Percentage of reasons fo
Page 102 and 103:
family planning pr
Page 104 and 105:
As far as the supp
Page 106 and 107:
Socio-cultural challenges tofamily
Page 108 and 109:
likely to use contraception than yo
Page 110 and 111:
15 Tests of statistical significanc
Page 112 and 113:
of the South <stro
Page 114 and 115:
104
Page 116:
Figurewill exceed the</stro
Page 119 and 120:
in urban (67%) tha
Page 121 and 122:
ased service delivery poin<
Page 123 and 124:
Most FWAs who were recruited two to
Page 125 and 126:
are considered, unmet need for effe
Page 127 and 128:
Households pay the
Page 129 and 130:
Effective public-private partnershi
Page 131 and 132:
ConclusionThe Bangladesh Fa
Page 133 and 134:
the Family
Page 135 and 136:
National Institute for Population R
Page 137 and 138:
IndiaIndiaFamily <
Page 139:
IntroductionThe use of contraceptiv
Page 142 and 143:
TableTable2Indicators of tra<strong
Page 144 and 145:
FigureFigureFigure1Contraceptive pr
Page 146 and 147:
TableTable5Indicators of contracept
Page 148 and 149:
TableTable6Adjusted odds ratios for
Page 150 and 151:
FigureFigure3Contraceptive prevalen
Page 152 and 153:
TableTable7Adjusted and</st
Page 154 and 155:
the north
Page 156 and 157:
TableTable10Differences between nor
Page 158 and 159:
TableTable11 Total fertility rate <
Page 160 and 161:
End Note1The first camp was success
Page 162 and 163:
152
Page 164 and 165:
154
Page 166 and 167:
Figure1980s and ex
Page 168 and 169:
health care and ed
Page 170 and 171:
assistance from UNFPA and</
Page 172 and 173:
in CPR. Likewise,
Page 174 and 175:
International supp
Page 176 and 177:
in development has
Page 178 and 179:
__________ (2007). Population <stro
Page 180 and 181:
170
Page 182 and 183:
TableTable2What has the</st
Page 184 and 185:
174
Page 186 and 187:
per cent of women reported us<stron
Page 188 and 189:
is provider bias that such methods
Page 190 and 191:
TableTable7skewed distribution of h
Page 192 and 193:
TableTable8TableTable9182
Page 194 and 195:
that of the nation
Page 196 and 197:
TableTable12 7some policies that ex
Page 198 and 199:
The system guides the</stro
Page 200 and 201:
FigureFigure4Total donor expenditur
Page 202 and 203:
FigureFigureagain
Page 204 and 205:
Impact of family plannin</s
Page 206 and 207:
marketing of contr
Page 208 and 209:
United States Agency for In
Page 210 and 211:
200
Page 212 and 213:
acceptable. From an NGO perspective
Page 214 and 215:
FigureThis trend of limited donor f
Page 216 and 217:
Figureto have the
Page 218 and 219:
FigureFigure5Percentage change <str
Page 220 and 221:
FigureFigure6Desire to limit childb
Page 222 and 223:
coordination betwe
Page 224 and 225: the 1980s
Page 226 and 227: Policy Management.__________ (n.d.,
Page 228 and 229: 218
Page 230 and 231: Population Activities (UNFPA) for a
Page 232 and 233: where family plannin</stron
Page 234 and 235: Thus an objective assessment of <st
Page 236 and 237: 226
Page 238 and 239: Figureeconomic growth durin
Page 240 and 241: TableTable1TableTable2For spac<stro
Page 242 and 243: eflect a provider bias (e.g., <stro
Page 244 and 245: The Indonesian delegation was very
Page 246 and 247: than in ensur<stro
Page 248 and 249: in-country <strong
Page 250 and 251: (Ministry of Healt
Page 252 and 253: 242
Page 254 and 255: 244
Page 256 and 257: FigureTrends and p
Page 258 and 259: TableTable3Unmet need for contracep
Page 260 and 261: TableTable5TableTable6TableTable725
Page 262 and 263: TableTable8TableTable9Malaysia, abo
Page 264 and 265: previously mentioned is based on fo
Page 266 and 267: TableTable16births and</str
Page 268 and 269: FigureFigure3TRF54.5Scatter plots o
Page 270 and 271: ReferencesAng, Eng Suan (2007). Stu
Page 272 and 273: Demographic data sheet: population
Page 276 and 277: NuptialityIn Myanmar nuptiality is
Page 278 and 279: FigureIn Myanmar, birth-spac<strong
Page 280 and 281: Scope of coverage and</stro
Page 282 and 283: FigureIn Myanmar, out of six select
Page 284 and 285: equirements. The Min</stron
Page 286 and 287: according to <stro
Page 288 and 289: Adolescent sexual and</stro
Page 290 and 291: FigureHIV/AIDS. An HIV-positive wom
Page 292 and 293: National Population PolicyMyanmar i
Page 294 and 295: Linkages with o<st
Page 296 and 297: TableTable4Achievements of Myanmar
Page 298 and 299: monitoring <strong
Page 300 and 301: Nay Pyi Taw, 26 October 2010.53 Sit
Page 302 and 303: 292
Page 304 and 305: 294
Page 306 and 307: TableTableA296
Page 308 and 309: dispense and adm<s
Page 310 and 311: (1) I am against a
Page 312 and 313: FigureFigureFigure3Use of modern co
Page 314 and 315: FigureFigure7Traditional method use
Page 316 and 317: Figureprojection, and</stro
Page 318 and 319: Figure 11 summarizes the</s
Page 320 and 321: correlating <stron
Page 322 and 323: Figurethe use of c
Page 324 and 325:
FigureFigure15Sexual behaviour <str
Page 326 and 327:
track the distribu
Page 328 and 329:
Figureservices, which should <stron
Page 330 and 331:
FigureFigureFigure18 Population <st
Page 332 and 333:
National Statistics Office, <strong
Page 334 and 335:
TableTable6TableTable7TableTable832
Page 336 and 337:
TableTable11326
Page 338 and 339:
TableTable14TableTable15TableTable1
Page 340 and 341:
TableTable19Laws and</stron
Page 342 and 343:
worker and hours w
Page 344 and 345:
334
Page 346 and 347:
336
Page 348 and 349:
includin</
Page 350 and 351:
TableTable1Contraceptive prevalence
Page 352 and 353:
These results suggest that about 70
Page 354 and 355:
2 The (period) TFR is the</
Page 356 and 357:
346
Page 358 and 359:
FigureThe existence of traditional
Page 360 and 361:
Guinea case by <st
Page 362 and 363:
The establishment of provin
Page 364 and 365:
provide family plannin</str
Page 366 and 367:
Figurelegal requirement nor a condi
Page 368 and 369:
FigureTableTable5TableTable6Figure4
Page 370 and 371:
modern method and
Page 372 and 373:
married or in unio
Page 374 and 375:
Figureolder. Both the</stro
Page 376 and 377:
TableTable15The immediate past Nati
Page 378 and 379:
out that the “ne
Page 380 and 381:
Commodity securitySupply cha<strong
Page 382 and 383:
is able to achieve. In Papua New Gu
Page 384 and 385:
Qualitative assessments by a number
Page 386 and 387:
increasin<
Page 388 and 389:
service delivery poin</stro
Page 390 and 391:
Population: Views from Men
Page 392 and 393:
1545-1730Day 2: December 9Session 2
Page 394 and 395:
Day 3, December 10Session 50830-100
Page 396 and 397:
15Mr. Tong Sithen1
Page 398 and 399:
54Ms. Shadiya IbrahimAssistant Repr
Page 400 and 401:
93Mr. Melkie AntonProject OfficerUn
Page 402 and 403:
131Dr. John P. SkibiakDirectorRepro
Page 404:
International <str
show all

Family Planning in Asia and the Pacific - International Council on ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?