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FigureTrends <strong>and</strong> patterns <strong>in</strong>contraceptive useTrends <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> contraceptiveprevalence rateCPR <strong>in</strong> Pen<strong>in</strong>sular Malaysia has levelled off at around 50per cent for <strong>the</strong> past three decades (see Figure 1). In termsof modern methods, CPR <strong>in</strong>creased slightly from 30.2 percent <strong>in</strong> 1994 to 34.4 per cent <strong>in</strong> 2004. As for non-modernmethods, <strong>the</strong>re was a decrease <strong>in</strong> use from 24.6 per cent <strong>in</strong>1994 to 17.5 per cent <strong>in</strong> 2004.Method mixAlthough <strong>the</strong> oral pill has always been <strong>the</strong> most popularcontraceptive method among Malaysians, <strong>the</strong>re has beena noticeable <strong>in</strong>crease <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> use of IUDs <strong>and</strong> <strong>in</strong>jectablemethods s<strong>in</strong>ce 1984. The prevalence rate for femalesterilization decl<strong>in</strong>ed from 7.6 per cent <strong>in</strong> 1984 to 6.9 percent <strong>in</strong> 1994 <strong>and</strong> 6.6 per cent <strong>in</strong> 2004, but <strong>the</strong> prevalencerate for condoms has been more ra<strong>the</strong>r erratic (see Table1).Of <strong>the</strong> non-modern methods, <strong>the</strong> rhythm method has beenby far <strong>the</strong> most popular method, with a prevalence rate ofabout 9 per cent <strong>in</strong> both 1994 <strong>and</strong> 2004. The prevalencerate for o<strong>the</strong>r non-modern methods, which <strong>in</strong>clude herbalpreparations, has decl<strong>in</strong>ed substantially s<strong>in</strong>ce 1984. Thepractice of withdrawal to prevent a pregnancy had alsobecome less common between 1994 <strong>and</strong> 2004. In <strong>the</strong>same period, while <strong>the</strong>re had been slight <strong>in</strong>crease <strong>in</strong> maleparticipation <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> use of modern methods (condom),<strong>the</strong> participation of men <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> use of traditional methods(withdrawal) has decl<strong>in</strong>ed.Table 2 shows that a much higher proportion of <strong>the</strong> women<strong>in</strong> Sabah <strong>and</strong> Sarawak were us<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> pill <strong>and</strong> <strong>in</strong>jection ascompared with <strong>the</strong>ir counterparts <strong>in</strong> Pen<strong>in</strong>sular Malaysia,but a lower proportion were rely<strong>in</strong>g on condoms <strong>and</strong>withdrawal. There was no significant difference <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong>overall CPR across <strong>the</strong> three regions.Socio-economic differentials <strong>in</strong>contraceptive useTable 3 shows <strong>the</strong> differentials <strong>in</strong> CPR across states <strong>and</strong>sociodemographic variables. CPR for Malays has alwaysbeen lower than for <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r ma<strong>in</strong> ethnic groups, especially<strong>the</strong> Ch<strong>in</strong>ese. In 2004, CPR for modern methods was 28.2per cent for Malays, 45.6 per cent for Ch<strong>in</strong>ese <strong>and</strong> 32.2 percent for Indians.Wide variations <strong>in</strong> CPR can be observed across states.The east-coast states (where Malays make up more than90% of <strong>the</strong> population) had <strong>the</strong> lowest CPR. However, itshould be noted that <strong>the</strong>se states registered a substantial<strong>in</strong>crease <strong>in</strong> CPR between 1994 <strong>and</strong> 2004. On <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>rh<strong>and</strong>, CPR for modern methods decl<strong>in</strong>ed significantly <strong>in</strong>some nor<strong>the</strong>rn states dur<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> same period.Urbanization <strong>and</strong> education have had positive effects onCPR. However, <strong>the</strong> differentials <strong>in</strong> CPR between womenFigure1Contraceptive prevalence rate <strong>in</strong> Sabah <strong>and</strong> Sarawak57.86050.150.45044.437.44030.1302053.042.310SABAHSARAWAK01989 2004 1989 2004Any MethodModernSource: National Population <strong>and</strong> <strong>Family</strong> Development Board (NPFDB); Malaysian Population <strong>and</strong> <strong>Family</strong> Surveys <strong>in</strong> 1992 <strong>and</strong> 2004.246
<strong>in</strong> urban <strong>and</strong> rural areas <strong>and</strong> across educational categoriesare much less pronounced than ethnic differentials.methods <strong>in</strong>creased among women aged 30-39 <strong>and</strong> thosewith 2-3 children.CPR for any method decl<strong>in</strong>ed for women <strong>in</strong> all age groups<strong>and</strong> parity between 1994 <strong>and</strong> 2004, but CPR for modernTableTable1TableTable2247
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Family Pla
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ForewordThe Asia <
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Part 1Part 1Asia <
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Ensuring that <str
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of methods for all, in</str
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and undertake <str
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Report on the Regi
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SESSION 1: Changin
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that improving <st
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at a hospital would be offered post
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Bounkoung Phichit, Deputy M
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medicines
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Thus, while knowledge of modern met
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Hon. Mr. Malakai Tabar, Chairman, P
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curricula. If the
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dialogue as well as regional <stron
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BackgroundGlobal development effort
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TableTable1EventNational policyYear
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A third observation is that reporte
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TableTable2Current Contraceptive Pr
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Figure(-1.2), Cook Island</
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FigureTableTable3Trends in<
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Nam. Nearly all economies i
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2008 2009% Bilateral % Multilateral
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family planning wi
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IntroductionFamily
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The advent of the
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FigureFigure1Oceania and</s
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next 25 years, however, TFR fluctua
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FigureFigureFigure2Total fertility
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family planning pr
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esponsible for the
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that estimates of CPR for earlier p
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Figuremarried at an older age compa
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As previously mentioned most <stron
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FigureFigure945Relationship between
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The concept of “unmet need” has
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TableTable8Percentage of th
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TableTable9Percentage of reasons fo
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family planning pr
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As far as the supp
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Socio-cultural challenges tofamily
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likely to use contraception than yo
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15 Tests of statistical significanc
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of the South <stro
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104
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Figurewill exceed the</stro
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in urban (67%) tha
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ased service delivery poin<
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Most FWAs who were recruited two to
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are considered, unmet need for effe
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Households pay the
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Effective public-private partnershi
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ConclusionThe Bangladesh Fa
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the Family
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National Institute for Population R
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IndiaIndiaFamily <
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IntroductionThe use of contraceptiv
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TableTable2Indicators of tra<strong
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FigureFigureFigure1Contraceptive pr
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TableTable5Indicators of contracept
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TableTable6Adjusted odds ratios for
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FigureFigure3Contraceptive prevalen
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TableTable7Adjusted and</st
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the north
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TableTable10Differences between nor
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TableTable11 Total fertility rate <
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End Note1The first camp was success
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152
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154
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Figure1980s and ex
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health care and ed
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assistance from UNFPA and</
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in CPR. Likewise,
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International supp
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in development has
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__________ (2007). Population <stro
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170
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TableTable2What has the</st
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174
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per cent of women reported us<stron
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is provider bias that such methods
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TableTable7skewed distribution of h
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TableTable8TableTable9182
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that of the nation
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TableTable12 7some policies that ex
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The system guides the</stro
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FigureFigure4Total donor expenditur
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FigureFigureagain
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Impact of family plannin</s
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Page 230 and 231: Population Activities (UNFPA) for a
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Page 238 and 239: Figureeconomic growth durin
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Page 258 and 259: TableTable3Unmet need for contracep
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Page 262 and 263: TableTable8TableTable9Malaysia, abo
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Page 270 and 271: ReferencesAng, Eng Suan (2007). Stu
Page 272 and 273: Demographic data sheet: population
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Page 282 and 283: FigureIn Myanmar, out of six select
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Page 290 and 291: FigureHIV/AIDS. An HIV-positive wom
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TableTableA296
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dispense and adm<s
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(1) I am against a
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FigureFigureFigure3Use of modern co
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FigureFigure7Traditional method use
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Figureprojection, and</stro
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Figure 11 summarizes the</s
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correlating <stron
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Figurethe use of c
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FigureFigure15Sexual behaviour <str
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track the distribu
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Figureservices, which should <stron
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FigureFigureFigure18 Population <st
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National Statistics Office, <strong
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TableTable6TableTable7TableTable832
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TableTable11326
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TableTable14TableTable15TableTable1
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TableTable19Laws and</stron
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worker and hours w
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334
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336
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includin</
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TableTable1Contraceptive prevalence
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These results suggest that about 70
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2 The (period) TFR is the</
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346
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FigureThe existence of traditional
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Guinea case by <st
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The establishment of provin
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provide family plannin</str
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Figurelegal requirement nor a condi
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FigureTableTable5TableTable6Figure4
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modern method and
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married or in unio
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Figureolder. Both the</stro
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TableTable15The immediate past Nati
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out that the “ne
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Commodity securitySupply cha<strong
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is able to achieve. In Papua New Gu
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Qualitative assessments by a number
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increasin<
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service delivery poin</stro
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Population: Views from Men
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1545-1730Day 2: December 9Session 2
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Day 3, December 10Session 50830-100
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15Mr. Tong Sithen1
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54Ms. Shadiya IbrahimAssistant Repr
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93Mr. Melkie AntonProject OfficerUn
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131Dr. John P. SkibiakDirectorRepro
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International <str
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