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TableTable1TableTable2For spacong>inong>gFor limitong>inong>gTotal25.437.963.328.138.366.330.037.467.430.037.467.429.541.170.6Percentage of demong>andong> satisfied 79.9 84.0 876.4 87.6 87.2Source: Indonesian Demographic ong>andong> Health Surveys.pressure on FP programme managers to provide additionalservices for ong>theong> growong>inong>g proportion of ong>theong> population thatis currently unmarried. However, an FP programme thatcontong>inong>ues to restrict itself to providong>inong>g services almostexclusively to married couples will necessarily miss a vital,ong>andong> ong>inong>creasong>inong>gly large, part of ong>theong> action.Sources of supplyAnoong>theong>r major trend is that FP clients have been shiftong>inong>gto ong>theong> private sector at a rapid rate ong>inong> recent years (seeTable 5). The 2007 DHS reported that 69.1 per cent ofclients were usong>inong>g a “private medical” source of supply, afigure that rose to more than 75.0 per cent when “oong>theong>rprivate” sources were ong>inong>cluded. Government-provided“public” sources account for only 22.2 per cent of ong>theong> total.The trend towards ong>theong> private sector was, if anythong>inong>g,accelerated by ong>theong> 1997/98 ong>Asiaong>n fong>inong>ancial crisis (Strausset al., 2004). The precise details are complicated becauseong>theong> public-private distong>inong>ction is not clear-cut, with manyprivate practitioners also workong>inong>g ong>inong> ong>theong> public sector,ong>andong> because what gets listed under each category headong>inong>gof “source” ong>inong> ong>theong> DHS has changed over ong>theong> years (e.g.,posyong>andong>u was listed as a “Government source” ong>inong> 1991, as“Oong>theong>r private” ong>inong> 1994 ong>andong> 1997, ong>andong> as “Oong>theong>r source”ong>inong> 2002/03: see Table 5). Noneong>theong>less, ong>theong> overall trendong>inong> privatization is clear ong>andong> corroborated by oong>theong>r datasources, such as ong>theong> annual National Socio-EconomicSurvey ong>andong> ong>theong> Indonesia ong>Familyong> Life Survey.This trend ong>inong> privatization is broadly consistent with ong>theong>government’s objectives; ong>theong> policy of KB Mong>andong>iri (“selfreliantfamily plannong>inong>g”) was first ong>inong>troduced ong>inong> 1989.Policymakers still need to question some of ong>theong> nuancesof this trend, however. One obvious question is wheong>theong>r,as ong>theong> programme becomes ong>inong>creasong>inong>gly privatized, thiswould lead to a rise ong>inong> clients’ out-of-pocket costs so as tocause many among ong>theong> poor to lose access to services. Oong>theong>rquestions are wheong>theong>r ong>theong> private sector is adequatelyregulated to guarantee a satisfactory mong>inong>imum stong>andong>ardof services, ong>andong> wheong>theong>r adequate systems of redress areong>inong> place when needed. There are also questions regardong>inong>gwheong>theong>r providers ong>inong> ong>theong> private sector are equipped ong>andong>motivated to provide clients with an adequate choice ofmethods, or wheong>theong>r ong>theong> method mix to some extent may230
TableTable3Source: BPS (Central Bureau of Statistics) (1992). ‘Population of Indonesia: Result of 1990 Population Census’, Jakarta: BPSTableTable4TableTable5231
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Family Pla
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ForewordThe Asia <
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Part 1Part 1Asia <
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Ensuring that <str
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of methods for all, in</str
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and undertake <str
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Report on the Regi
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SESSION 1: Changin
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that improving <st
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at a hospital would be offered post
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Bounkoung Phichit, Deputy M
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medicines
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Thus, while knowledge of modern met
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Hon. Mr. Malakai Tabar, Chairman, P
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curricula. If the
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dialogue as well as regional <stron
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BackgroundGlobal development effort
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TableTable1EventNational policyYear
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A third observation is that reporte
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TableTable2Current Contraceptive Pr
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Figure(-1.2), Cook Island</
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FigureTableTable3Trends in<
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Nam. Nearly all economies i
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2008 2009% Bilateral % Multilateral
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family planning wi
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IntroductionFamily
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The advent of the
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FigureFigure1Oceania and</s
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next 25 years, however, TFR fluctua
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FigureFigureFigure2Total fertility
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family planning pr
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esponsible for the
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that estimates of CPR for earlier p
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Figuremarried at an older age compa
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As previously mentioned most <stron
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FigureFigure945Relationship between
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The concept of “unmet need” has
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TableTable8Percentage of th
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TableTable9Percentage of reasons fo
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family planning pr
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As far as the supp
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Socio-cultural challenges tofamily
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likely to use contraception than yo
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15 Tests of statistical significanc
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of the South <stro
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104
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Figurewill exceed the</stro
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in urban (67%) tha
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ased service delivery poin<
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Most FWAs who were recruited two to
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are considered, unmet need for effe
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Households pay the
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Effective public-private partnershi
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ConclusionThe Bangladesh Fa
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the Family
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National Institute for Population R
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IndiaIndiaFamily <
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IntroductionThe use of contraceptiv
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TableTable2Indicators of tra<strong
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FigureFigureFigure1Contraceptive pr
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TableTable5Indicators of contracept
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TableTable6Adjusted odds ratios for
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FigureFigure3Contraceptive prevalen
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TableTable7Adjusted and</st
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the north
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TableTable10Differences between nor
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TableTable11 Total fertility rate <
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End Note1The first camp was success
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152
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154
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Figure1980s and ex
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health care and ed
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assistance from UNFPA and</
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in CPR. Likewise,
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International supp
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in development has
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__________ (2007). Population <stro
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170
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TableTable2What has the</st
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174
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per cent of women reported us<stron
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is provider bias that such methods
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TableTable7skewed distribution of h
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TableTable8TableTable9182
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that of the nation
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TableTable12 7some policies that ex
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The system guides the</stro
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FigureFigure4Total donor expenditur
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FigureFigureagain
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Impact of family plannin</s
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marketing of contr
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United States Agency for In
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200
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acceptable. From an NGO perspective
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FigureThis trend of limited donor f
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Figureto have the
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FigureFigure5Percentage change <str
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FigureFigure6Desire to limit childb
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coordination betwe
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the 1980s
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Policy Management.__________ (n.d.,
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218
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Population Activities (UNFPA) for a
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where family plannin</stron
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Thus an objective assessment of <st
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226
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Figureeconomic growth durin
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eflect a provider bias (e.g., <stro
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The Indonesian delegation was very
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than in ensur<stro
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in-country <strong
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(Ministry of Healt
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242
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244
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FigureTrends and p
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TableTable3Unmet need for contracep
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TableTable5TableTable6TableTable725
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TableTable8TableTable9Malaysia, abo
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previously mentioned is based on fo
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TableTable16births and</str
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FigureFigure3TRF54.5Scatter plots o
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ReferencesAng, Eng Suan (2007). Stu
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Demographic data sheet: population
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population size, with just 336,000
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NuptialityIn Myanmar nuptiality is
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FigureIn Myanmar, birth-spac<strong
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Scope of coverage and</stro
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FigureIn Myanmar, out of six select
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equirements. The Min</stron
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according to <stro
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Adolescent sexual and</stro
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FigureHIV/AIDS. An HIV-positive wom
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National Population PolicyMyanmar i
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Linkages with o<st
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TableTable4Achievements of Myanmar
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monitoring <strong
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Nay Pyi Taw, 26 October 2010.53 Sit
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292
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294
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TableTableA296
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dispense and adm<s
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(1) I am against a
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FigureFigureFigure3Use of modern co
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FigureFigure7Traditional method use
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Figureprojection, and</stro
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Figure 11 summarizes the</s
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correlating <stron
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Figurethe use of c
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FigureFigure15Sexual behaviour <str
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track the distribu
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Figureservices, which should <stron
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FigureFigureFigure18 Population <st
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National Statistics Office, <strong
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TableTable6TableTable7TableTable832
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TableTable11326
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TableTable14TableTable15TableTable1
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TableTable19Laws and</stron
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worker and hours w
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334
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336
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includin</
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TableTable1Contraceptive prevalence
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These results suggest that about 70
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2 The (period) TFR is the</
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346
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FigureThe existence of traditional
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Guinea case by <st
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The establishment of provin
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provide family plannin</str
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Figurelegal requirement nor a condi
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FigureTableTable5TableTable6Figure4
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modern method and
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married or in unio
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Figureolder. Both the</stro
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TableTable15The immediate past Nati
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out that the “ne
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Commodity securitySupply cha<strong
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is able to achieve. In Papua New Gu
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Qualitative assessments by a number
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increasin<
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service delivery poin</stro
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Population: Views from Men
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1545-1730Day 2: December 9Session 2
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Day 3, December 10Session 50830-100
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15Mr. Tong Sithen1
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54Ms. Shadiya IbrahimAssistant Repr
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93Mr. Melkie AntonProject OfficerUn
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131Dr. John P. SkibiakDirectorRepro
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International <str
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