Family Planning in Asia and the Pacific - International Council on ...
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Family Planning in Asia and the Pacific - International Council on ... Family Planning in Asia and the Pacific - International Council on ...

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FigureFigureFigure1Contraceptive prevalence ong>inong> India:1970 to 2005/06Figure2Method mix ong>inong> India from 1970 to 2005/06Differentials ong>inong> contraceptiveprevalenceWhile contraceptive use has ong>inong>creased at ong>theong> nationallevel as well as ong>inong> all subgroups, this ong>inong>crease has notbeen uniform. The demographic, social ong>andong> economiccharacteristics of ong>theong> women sampled ong>inong> ong>theong> three NFHSsurveys conducted ong>inong> 1992/93, 1998/99 ong>andong> 2005/06are presented ong>inong> Table 4. Table 5 shows ong>theong> proportionof women usong>inong>g any contraceptive method (ong>inong>cludong>inong>gtraditional), those usong>inong>g sterilization (male ong>andong> female) ong>andong>ong>theong> proportion of sterilization use among all contraceptiveusers by ong>theong>ir characteristics for ong>theong> three NFHS rounds.Table 6 presents ong>theong> adjusted odds ratios (ORs) ong>andong> 95 percent confidence ong>inong>tervals (CIs) of contraceptive methoduse for ong>theong>se covariates. Important trends are highlightedbelow 3 .DemographicThe odds of contraceptive method use ong>inong>creased withong>inong>creasong>inong>g women’s age, parity ong>andong> number of livong>inong>g sonsong>inong> all three rounds of NFHS. Contraceptive use ong>inong>creasedover time ong>inong> all categories of age, parity ong>andong> livong>inong>g sons;however, ong>theong> rate of ong>inong>crease was not uniform. The oddsratios decreased for some age groups, reflectong>inong>g an ong>inong>creaseong>inong> contraceptive use among youth (from 7.1% ong>inong> 1992/93to 13.0% ong>inong> 2005/06; see Table 5). Conversely, ong>theong> odds134

TableTableCharacteristics of ong>theong> NFHS sample ong>inong>4India: 1993-2005CharacteristicsPercentage distribution1992/93 1998/99 2005/06RegionSouth 22.8 24.0 21.8North 40.8 39.3 40.8Large 33.0 32.9 33.7Small 3.4 3.8 3.7ResidenceUrban 26.1 26.2 30.7Rural 73.9 73.8 69.3EducationNone 61.1 52.8 47.2Primary 16.1 16.8 15.4Secondary 19.0 22.0 31.5Higher 3.5 8.2 5.9Missong>inong>g 0.3 0.2 0ReligionHong>inong>du 82.2 81.8 81.4Muslim 11.9 12.5 13.2Sikh 1.9 1.6 1.7Jaong>inong> 0.4 0.3Christian 2.3 2.5 2.2Oong>theong>r 1.7 1.1 1.1Missong>inong>g 0.1WealthLowest 19.2 19.3 18.7Second 19.7 19.9 19.9Middle 20.1 20.0 20.1Fourth 20.4 20.1 20.4Highest 20.7 20.6 21.0Household structureNuclear 93.2 98.1 48.6Non-nuclear 6.3 1.9 45.2Missong>inong>g 0.6 0.0 6.2EmployedCash 11.6 24.2 27.5Kong>inong>d 19.8 13.2 15.3Not employed 68.6 62.6 57.2RadioNo 71.9 61.5 68.1Yes 28.1 38.5 31.9Missong>inong>g 0.0 0.0 0.0TelevisionNo 63.2 55.7 53.0Yes 36.8 44.3 47.0CharacteristicsPercentage distribution1992/93 1998/99 2005/06NewspaperNo 81.5 53.0Yes 18.5 47.0Missong>inong>g 0.0Contact with Health/FP workerNo 86.8 79.4Yes 13.2 20.6Missong>inong>g 0.0 0.0Age15-19 10.6 9.6 7.220-24 20.7 19.0 1825-29 19.9 20.4 19.930-34 16.5 17.1 17.735-39 13.8 14.4 15.640-44 10.4 11.2 12.545-49 8.2 8.3 9.1Parity0 11.7 10.7 10.11 14.5 14.2 14.92 18.3 21.1 253 17.9 19.4 19.64+ 37.7 34.6 30.4Desire< 2 years 12.9 14.8 12.62+ years 19.6 13.3 11.7Undecided 3.0 3.1 2.3No more 56.9 63.6 70.5Up to God 1.5 0.0Infecund 3.8 3.5 2.8Missong>inong>g 3.9 0.1 0.1# of livong>inong>g sons0 27.3 25.6 25.41 31.6 33.6 35.92+ 41.1 40.8 38.7# of child deaths0 72.1 75.3 78.11 17.3 16.2 14.92+ 10.6 8.6 6.9Missong>inong>g 0.0 0.0 0.0Total: % 100.0 100.0 100.0Wt. N 84328 84682 93089135

FigureFigureFigure1C<strong>on</strong>traceptive prevalence <str<strong>on</strong>g>in</str<strong>on</strong>g> India:1970 to 2005/06Figure2Method mix <str<strong>on</strong>g>in</str<strong>on</strong>g> India from 1970 to 2005/06Differentials <str<strong>on</strong>g>in</str<strong>on</strong>g> c<strong>on</strong>traceptiveprevalenceWhile c<strong>on</strong>traceptive use has <str<strong>on</strong>g>in</str<strong>on</strong>g>creased at <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> nati<strong>on</strong>allevel as well as <str<strong>on</strong>g>in</str<strong>on</strong>g> all subgroups, this <str<strong>on</strong>g>in</str<strong>on</strong>g>crease has notbeen uniform. The demographic, social <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> ec<strong>on</strong>omiccharacteristics of <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> women sampled <str<strong>on</strong>g>in</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> three NFHSsurveys c<strong>on</strong>ducted <str<strong>on</strong>g>in</str<strong>on</strong>g> 1992/93, 1998/99 <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> 2005/06are presented <str<strong>on</strong>g>in</str<strong>on</strong>g> Table 4. Table 5 shows <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> proporti<strong>on</strong>of women us<str<strong>on</strong>g>in</str<strong>on</strong>g>g any c<strong>on</strong>traceptive method (<str<strong>on</strong>g>in</str<strong>on</strong>g>clud<str<strong>on</strong>g>in</str<strong>on</strong>g>gtraditi<strong>on</strong>al), those us<str<strong>on</strong>g>in</str<strong>on</strong>g>g sterilizati<strong>on</strong> (male <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> female) <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g><str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> proporti<strong>on</strong> of sterilizati<strong>on</strong> use am<strong>on</strong>g all c<strong>on</strong>traceptiveusers by <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g>ir characteristics for <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> three NFHS rounds.Table 6 presents <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> adjusted odds ratios (ORs) <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> 95 percent c<strong>on</strong>fidence <str<strong>on</strong>g>in</str<strong>on</strong>g>tervals (CIs) of c<strong>on</strong>traceptive methoduse for <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g>se covariates. Important trends are highlightedbelow 3 .DemographicThe odds of c<strong>on</strong>traceptive method use <str<strong>on</strong>g>in</str<strong>on</strong>g>creased with<str<strong>on</strong>g>in</str<strong>on</strong>g>creas<str<strong>on</strong>g>in</str<strong>on</strong>g>g women’s age, parity <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> number of liv<str<strong>on</strong>g>in</str<strong>on</strong>g>g s<strong>on</strong>s<str<strong>on</strong>g>in</str<strong>on</strong>g> all three rounds of NFHS. C<strong>on</strong>traceptive use <str<strong>on</strong>g>in</str<strong>on</strong>g>creasedover time <str<strong>on</strong>g>in</str<strong>on</strong>g> all categories of age, parity <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> liv<str<strong>on</strong>g>in</str<strong>on</strong>g>g s<strong>on</strong>s;however, <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> rate of <str<strong>on</strong>g>in</str<strong>on</strong>g>crease was not uniform. The oddsratios decreased for some age groups, reflect<str<strong>on</strong>g>in</str<strong>on</strong>g>g an <str<strong>on</strong>g>in</str<strong>on</strong>g>crease<str<strong>on</strong>g>in</str<strong>on</strong>g> c<strong>on</strong>traceptive use am<strong>on</strong>g youth (from 7.1% <str<strong>on</strong>g>in</str<strong>on</strong>g> 1992/93to 13.0% <str<strong>on</strong>g>in</str<strong>on</strong>g> 2005/06; see Table 5). C<strong>on</strong>versely, <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> odds134

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