UN agencies <strong>and</strong> UN<strong>AIDS</strong>secretari<strong>at</strong>The UN system has supportednumerous activities towards comb<strong>at</strong>ingthe <strong>HIV</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>AIDS</strong> epidemic in thecountry. The n<strong>at</strong>ure <strong>and</strong> scope of UNsupport ranges from policy development<strong>and</strong> capacity building <strong>at</strong> the n<strong>at</strong>ional <strong>and</strong>regional level, to service delivery <strong>and</strong>social mobilis<strong>at</strong>ion <strong>at</strong> the grass rootslevel. The overarching framework ofthe UN support has been the n<strong>at</strong>ional<strong>HIV</strong> str<strong>at</strong>egies <strong>and</strong> UNDAF as well asCommon Country Assessment. Mostimportantly, the UN system has fullyrecognised both the impact of the decadelong conflict <strong>and</strong> the new opportunityit has cre<strong>at</strong>ed for development <strong>and</strong>social transform<strong>at</strong>ion. UN<strong>AIDS</strong>, as thesecretari<strong>at</strong> of the joint UN programme,supports the GoN <strong>and</strong> works with allstakeholders to coordin<strong>at</strong>e a variety ofactivities with the NCASC <strong>and</strong> theHSCB. UN<strong>AIDS</strong> is coordin<strong>at</strong>ing thedevelopment of the n<strong>at</strong>ional monitoring<strong>and</strong> evalu<strong>at</strong>ion framework along withother stakeholders.World BankBased on numerous assessments <strong>and</strong>mission visits in 2007, 2008 <strong>and</strong> 2009to Nepal, the Bank has committedto fund a range of <strong>HIV</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>AIDS</strong>activities over the next few years. TheWorld Bank has expressed interestin supporting the Pooled Fundingmechanism under the Ministry ofHealth with a provision for rapid <strong>and</strong>efficient fund flow mechanisms <strong>and</strong>an integr<strong>at</strong>ed logistics managementsystem.Similarly in the popul<strong>at</strong>ion <strong>and</strong> RHsector, according to a resource flowssurvey report carried out in Nepalby Health Economics Associ<strong>at</strong>ion(NHEA) <strong>and</strong> executed by UNFPAin collabor<strong>at</strong>ion with the Netherl<strong>and</strong>sInterdisciplinary DemographicInstitute, 2008, popul<strong>at</strong>ion <strong>and</strong>popul<strong>at</strong>ion-rel<strong>at</strong>ed activities receivedRs.4109.1 million with Rs3683.5million from GoN <strong>and</strong> Rs.25.5million from NGOs. Within GoNorganis<strong>at</strong>ions, the income receivedfrom domestic sources was Rs.1,745.9million (47.4 per cent) <strong>and</strong> Rs.1,937.65BANGLADESHCAMBODIANEPALPHILIPPINES80
million from donors. As a percentage ofthe n<strong>at</strong>ional budget, contribution fromthe GoN constituted 2.6 per cent.On the expenditure side a total ofRs.3,282.9 million was spent in 2008 -Rs. 2876.9 million from the GoN <strong>and</strong>Rs.405.9 million from NGOs. MoHPwas the largest spender in popul<strong>at</strong>ionactivities. Among NGOs, FPAN hascontinued to remain the single largestcontributor in popul<strong>at</strong>ion activities.Contraceptive Retail Sales Priv<strong>at</strong>eLtd (CRS), Nepal Fertility CareCenter, Nepal Red Cross Society <strong>and</strong>Solid Nepal are expending budget inpopul<strong>at</strong>ion <strong>and</strong> <strong>SRH</strong> activities. Withthe exception of CRS, almost allother expenditure by NGOs is fromdonor support, with little coming frominternal funds. Most of the respondentsregard the FPAN as the champion forthe <strong>SRH</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>HIV</strong> cause.NGOs <strong>and</strong> community basedorganis<strong>at</strong>ions (CBOs) play anincreasingly important role in <strong>HIV</strong>responses, in community basedmobilis<strong>at</strong>ion, community basedprevention <strong>and</strong> care services, <strong>and</strong> inreaching key groups, such as MSMs,<strong>and</strong> sex workers, IDUs <strong>and</strong> migrantworkers.Having worked with the community forsome years, NGOs have better linkages<strong>and</strong> underst<strong>and</strong>ing of communityissues, bridging the gap between service<strong>and</strong> community, <strong>and</strong> often advoc<strong>at</strong>ingfor community rights.Civil society particip<strong>at</strong>ion in all aspectsof <strong>HIV</strong> rel<strong>at</strong>ed activities is wellestablished.Represent<strong>at</strong>ives of MARPs or theirnetworks are regularly involved inall activities ranging from policydevelopment, proposal writing <strong>and</strong>implement<strong>at</strong>ion, <strong>and</strong> monitoring <strong>and</strong>evalu<strong>at</strong>ion. MARPs are representedin policy bodies such as NAC, HSCB<strong>and</strong> DACC <strong>at</strong> the district level. Interms of programme implement<strong>at</strong>ion<strong>and</strong> providing inputs <strong>at</strong> str<strong>at</strong>egic level,civil society organis<strong>at</strong>ions are not <strong>at</strong> anequal level of capability. In such cases,the stronger, better advoc<strong>at</strong>e gets ahigher share in terms of particip<strong>at</strong>ion<strong>and</strong> access to resources.MARPs, vulnerable community-ledorganis<strong>at</strong>ions <strong>and</strong> other vulnerablegroups have set up their ownorganis<strong>at</strong>ions/networks. This grouphas played a crucial role in improvingaccess to services for members of theirconstituency as well as contributing tothe planning <strong>and</strong> policy developmentprocess. There are now organis<strong>at</strong>ionsled by recovering drug users, sexual<strong>and</strong> gender minority groups (suchas LGBTI), FSWs, <strong>and</strong> migrants, orreturned migrant groups. Networks inthese c<strong>at</strong>egories have a large number ofCBOs led by the constituents.PL<strong>HIV</strong>-led organis<strong>at</strong>ions have beenactive both in advocacy <strong>and</strong> <strong>at</strong> variousother levels, ensuring access to ART<strong>and</strong> other services. The group has beensuccessful in many advocacy outcomes<strong>and</strong> has contributed to better accessto ART as well as ensuring ARTadherence. This group is also active inpositive prevention <strong>and</strong> ensuring therights of infected/affected children <strong>and</strong>women.NGOs include many current round81
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Published by:International Council
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Table ofContentChapter Titles Pages
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INTRODUCTIONThe 2009 AIDS Epidemic
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REVIEW OF LINKAGES BETWEEN SEXUAL A
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ROUNDTABLE MEETING ON LINKAGES BETW
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Mr Roberto M Ador, Executive Direct
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Session 3: Health Systems Strengthe
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Model for Public-Private Partnershi
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CONCLUSIONSuccessful linkages betwe
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INSTITUTIONALCAPACITY FORHIV/AIDS A
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AbstractBackground: There are a num
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the highest export earnings. The pr
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grass-roots based service deliveryi
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However, condom use was low amongho
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2and Save the Children, USA, and is
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Many important national guidelines,
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voluntarily, among project particip
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ut all sources have consistently sp
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USA) and the World Bank ledconsorti
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the Prevention of Parent to ChildTr
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access to services for their consti
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for planned prevention, treatment a
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e accomplished if there is supporta
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- Page 55 and 56: References20 years of HIV in Bangla
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- Page 63 and 64: AbstractBackgroundThe HIV epidemic
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- Page 87 and 88: ABSTRACTBackgroundThere are a numbe
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