Fundamental Electrical and Electronic Principles, Third Edition

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D.C. Circuits 35so V BC 8 VI V ampRBCBC 8 16so I 0.5 A Ans(b)V AB E V BC volt 12 8V AB 4 VRABV IAB 405 .so R AB 8 Ω Ans2.2 Resistors in ParallelWhen resistors are joined ‘ side-by-side ’ so that their corresponding endsare connected together they are said to be connected in parallel . Usingthis form of connection means that there will be a number of pathsthrough which the current can flow. Such a circuit consisting of threeresistors is shown in Fig. 2.4 , and the circuit may be analysed as follows:Resistors in Parallelor or orI 1R 1I 2 R 2I 3R 3IEFig. 2.4
36 Fundamental Electrical and Electronic PrinciplesSince all three resistors are connected directly across the batteryterminals then they all have the same voltage developed across them.In other words the voltage is the common factor in this arrangementof resistors. Now, each resistor will allow a certain value of current toflow through it, depending upon its resistance value. ThusI1EEE amp; I2 amp; and I3 ampRRR12The total circuit current I is determined by the applied emf and the totalcircuit resistance R ,Eso I RampAlso, since all three branch currents originate from the battery, then thetotal circuit current must be the sum of the three branch currentsso I I1I2 I3and substituting the above expression for the currents:ERE E E R R R1 2 3and dividing the above equation by the common factor E :1 1 1 1 siemen (2.2)R R1 R2 R3Note: The above equation does NOT give the total resistance of thecircuit, but does give the total circuit conductance (G) which is measuredin Siemens (S). Thus, conductance is the reciprocal of resistance, soto obtain the circuit resistance you must then take the reciprocal ofthe answer obtained from an equation of the form of equation (2.2).3Conductance is a measure of the ‘ willingness ’ of a material or circuit to allow current tofl ow through itThat is 1 Gsiemen; and 1 R ohm (2.3)RGHowever, when only two resistors are in parallel the combinedresistance may be obtained directly by using the following equation:R R1 R2ohm (2.4)R R1 2
Page 2 and 3: Fundamental Electrical and Electron
Page 4 and 5: Fundamental Electricaland Electroni
Page 6 and 7: ContentsPreface ...................
Page 8 and 9: Contents vii5.12 Figure of Merit an
Page 10 and 11: PrefaceThis Textbook supersedes the
Page 12 and 13: IntroductionThe chapters follow a s
Page 14 and 15: Chapter 1Fundamentals1.1 UnitsWhere
Page 16 and 17: Fundamentals 3where the ‘ k ’ i
Page 18 and 19: Fundamentals 5Since the basic unit
Page 20 and 21: Fundamentals 7S (mm)positiveslopene
Page 22 and 23: Fundamentals 9All materials may be
Page 24 and 25: Fundamentals 11Fig. 1.6Potential Di
Page 26 and 27: Fundamentals 13flow. Now, this pose
Page 28 and 29: Fundamentals 15then current I will
Page 30 and 31: Fundamentals 17(b)VR ohmI11. 55so,
Page 32 and 33: Fundamentals 19Note: Since P VI wa
Page 34 and 35: Fundamentals 21and distributed by t
Page 36 and 37: semiconductorFundamentals 23R (Ω)c
Page 38 and 39: Fundamentals 25PLEASE NOTE that the
Page 40 and 41: Fundamentals 27units. Another advan
Page 42 and 43: Fundamentals 29approved graph paper
Page 44 and 45: Chapter 2D.C. CircuitsLearning Outc
Page 46 and 47: D.C. Circuits 33(a)(b)(c)R R 1 R
Page 50 and 51: D.C. Circuits 37In this context, th
Page 52 and 53: D.C. Circuits 39E 12 V; R 1 6 Ω
Page 54 and 55: D.C. Circuits 41Applying the potent
Page 56 and 57: D.C. Circuits 43more parallel resis
Page 58 and 59: D.C. Circuits 45R AC R AB R BC oh
Page 60 and 61: D.C. Circuits 47(b) The circuit has
Page 62 and 63: D.C. Circuits 49Worked Example 2.8Q
Page 64 and 65: D.C. Circuits 51that there are only
Page 66 and 67: D.C. Circuits 53BCDEB :42I 10( I I)
Page 68 and 69: D.C. Circuits 55Substituting this v
Page 70 and 71: D.C. Circuits 57As a check that the
Page 72 and 73: D.C. Circuits 59B(I 1 I 3 )6 Ω 4
Page 74 and 75: D.C. Circuits 61V I R and V I RAB
Page 76 and 77: D.C. Circuits 63BI 1(I 1 I 3 )R 1R
Page 78 and 79: D.C. Circuits 65From the above exam
Page 80 and 81: D.C. Circuits 67has been replaced b
Page 82 and 83: D.C. Circuits 69Assignment Question
Page 84 and 85: D.C. Circuits 71Assignment Question
Page 86 and 87: D.C. Circuits 732 Reverse the polar
Page 88 and 89: Chapter 3Electric Fields andCapacit
Page 90 and 91: Electric Fields and Capacitors 77Q
Page 92 and 93: Electric Fields and Capacitors 79He
Page 94 and 95: Electric Fields and Capacitors 81re
Page 96 and 97: Electric Fields and Capacitors 83Wo
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Electric Fields and Capacitors 85pe
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Electric Fields and Capacitors 87Wo
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Electric Fields and Capacitors91C 1
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Electric Fields and Capacitors933
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Electric Fields and Capacitors 95(d
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Electric Fields and Capacitors 97AN
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Electric Fields and Capacitors 1013
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Electric Fields and Capacitors 103P
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Electric Fields and Capacitors 105E
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Electric Fields and Capacitors 107A
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Electric Fields and Capacitors 109A
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Chapter 4Magnetic Fields andCircuit
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Magnetic Fields and Circuits 113dis
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Magnetic Fields and Circuits 115INF
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Magnetic Fields and Circuits 117Wor
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Magnetic Fields and Circuits 1194.8
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Magnetic Fields and Circuits 121A
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Magnetic Fields and Circuits 123How
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Magnetic Fields and Circuits 125For
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Magnetic Fields and Circuits 127FI
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Magnetic Fields and Circuits 129the
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Magnetic Fields and Circuits 131S2s
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Magnetic Fields and Circuits 133B(T
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Magnetic Fields and Circuits 135Φ
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Magnetic Fields and Circuits 137Ass
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Magnetic Fields and Circuits 139Met
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Chapter 5ElectromagnetismLearning O
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Electromagnetism 143When the magnet
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Electromagnetism 145moved verticall
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Electromagnetism 147Worked Example
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Electromagnetism 151IeIeRFig. 5.11I
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Electromagnetism 155rFig. 5.16an ef
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Electromagnetism157Now, flux densit
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Electromagnetism 159A formeris also
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Electromagnetism 161Fig. 5.22Dampin
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Electromagnetism 165Coil resistance
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Electromagnetism 16712 V30 kR 1V70
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Electromagnetism 169R110 1V1 V 0vo
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Electromagnetism 171‘ zeroed ’
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Electromagnetism 173Fig. 5.36the in
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Electromagnetism 175Similarly, when
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Electromagnetism 177The self-induce
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Electromagnetism 1795.19 Factors Af
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Electromagnetism 181This emf may al
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Electromagnetism 183the above equat
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Electromagnetism 185but, energy sto
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Electromagnetism 187a common iron c
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Electromagnetism 189dΦdtand d Φdt
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Electromagnetism 191Alternatively,
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Electromagnetism 193Assignment Ques
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Electromagnetism 195Suggested Pract
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Chapter 6Alternating QuantitiesLear
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Alternating Quantities 199e(V)1.0E
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Alternating Quantities 201emf (V)0T
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Alternating Quantities 203(b) 3575
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Alternating Quantities 205(b) v 55
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Alternating Quantities 207Worked Ex
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Alternating Quantities 209It is the
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Alternating Quantities 211IinputD1D
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Alternating Quantities 213(b)I fsd
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Alternating Quantities 215Although
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Alternating Quantities 217of using
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Alternating Quantities 2196.14 Addi
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Alternating Quantities 221Worked Ex
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Alternating Quantities 223A(a)All f
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Alternating Quantities 225glass tub
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Alternating Quantities 227The Timeb
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Alternating Quantities 229As the wa
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Alternating Quantities 231Assignmen
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Chapter 7D.C. MachinesLearning Outc
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D.C. Machines 235Assuming no fricti
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D.C. Machines 237E (V)0t (s)Fig. 7.
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D.C. Machines 239for the field wind
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D.C. Machines 241shown in Fig. 7.12
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D.C. Machines 243increase with the
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I fR fR aD.C. Machines 245I LI aVE
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D.C. Machines 247would be infinite!
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Chapter 8D.C. TransientsLearning Ou
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D.C. Transients 251Having confirmed
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D.C. Transients 253For such a CR ci
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D.C. Transients 255Note: The time c
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D.C. Transients 257can conclude tha
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D.C. Transients 259(a)initial d idt
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D.C. Transients 261Assignment Quest
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Chapter 9Semiconductor Theoryand De
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Semiconductor Theory and Devices 26
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Appendix APhysical Quantities with
Page 298 and 299:
Answers to Assignment QuestionsChap
Page 300 and 301:
Answers to Assignment Questions 287
Page 302 and 303:
IndexAbsolute permeability , 119Abs
Page 304:
Index 291Peak factor , 206Peak valu
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Fundamental Electrical and Electronic Principles, Third Edition

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