Fundamentals of neuroscience: cells, axons, and synapses
Fundamentals of neuroscience: cells, axons, and synapses
Fundamentals of neuroscience: cells, axons, and synapses
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SynapticCleftActionPotentialCHEMICAL SYNAPSESAxonTerminalPostsynaptic Cell! Action Potential Propagated tothe Nerve Terminal.! Arrival <strong>of</strong> an Action Potentialleads to release <strong>of</strong> a chemical(i.e. the Neurotransmitter)from the terminal.! Neurotransmitter diffusses to thePostsynaptic Membrane.! Binding <strong>of</strong> Transmitter moleculeto Receptors causes apostsynaptic effect (e.g.Membrane Depolarisation).Process <strong>of</strong> Chemical Neurotransmission Synthesis <strong>of</strong> neurotransmitter in the presynapticneurone Storage <strong>of</strong> the neurotransmitter <strong>and</strong>/or itsprecursor in the presynaptic nerve terminal Release <strong>of</strong> the neurotransmitter into the synapticcleft Binding <strong>and</strong> recognition <strong>of</strong> the neurotransmitterby target receptors Termination <strong>of</strong> action <strong>of</strong> the released transmitterLife Cycle <strong>of</strong> Synaptic VesiclesTYPES OF NEUROTRANSMITTERAminesAcetycholineNoradrenalineDopamineSerotonin (5HT)PeptidesEnkephalinsSubstance PSomatostatinCholecystokininExcit. Amino AcidsL-Glutamic AcidL-Aspartic AcidL-Homocysteic AcidPurinesAdenosineATPInhibitory Amino AcidsGlycineGABAFree RadicalsNitric Oxide (NO)LipidsCannabinoidsVanillinoidsThe “vesicle hypothesis”8
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