<strong>Sexuality</strong> in Late Lombard Italy 2511112342225672228910111232224567892022212345678930111123435678940111123222Toronto Press, 1998), 171–90; Julia M. H. Smith, “Gender and Ideology in the EarlyMiddle Ages,” Studies in Church History (1998), 51–73; Julia M. H. Smith, “DidWomen Have a Transformation of the Roman World?” Gender & History 12.3 (2000),552–71; Leslie Brubaker and Julia M. H. Smith, eds, Gender in the Early <strong>Medieval</strong>World, East and West, 300–900 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004),especially the Introduction by Julia Smith; Julia M. H. Smith, Europe after Rome(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005), Chapter 4 on “Men and Women.”4. Chris J. Wickham, “Aristocratic Power in Eighth-Century Lombard Italy,” in AfterRome’s Fall: Narrators and Sources of Early <strong>Medieval</strong> History: Essays Presented toWalter Goffart, ed. Alexander C. Murray (Toronto: University of Toronto Press),148–70, gives a good idea of the level of documentation available, as does WalterPohl and Peter Erhart, eds, Die Langobarden. Herrschaft und Identität (Vienna: Verlagder Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2005).5. Pauli Diaconi, Historia langobardorum, Monumenta Germaniae Historica [MGH].Scriptores Rerum Langobardorum [SRL], ed. Ludwig Bethmann and Georg Waitz(Hannover, 1878), 45–187; William D. Foulke (trans. into English) History of theLangobards (Philadelphia PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1907). Essentialcommentaries are: Donald A. Bullough, “Ethnic History and the Carolingians: AnAlternative Reading of Paul the Deacon’s Historia Langobardorum,” in The Inheritanceof Historiography, ed. Christopher Holdsworth (Exeter: University of Exeter,1986), 85–105; Walter Goffart, The Narrators of Barbarian History (Princeton NJ:Princeton University Press, 1988), 329–431; Rosamond McKitterick, “Paul the Deaconand the Franks,” Early <strong>Medieval</strong> Europe 8 (1999), 319–39 and her History andMemory in the Carolingian World (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004);Paolo Diacono. Uno scrittore fra tradizione longobarda e rinnovamento carolingio,ed. Paolo Chiesa (Udine: Forum, 2000); Walter Pohl, “Paulus Diaconus und die‘Historia Langobardorum’: Text und Tradition,” in Historiographie im frühenMittelalter, ed. Anton Scharer and Georg Scheibelreiter (Vienna: Oldenbourg, 1994),375–406. The Historia Langobardorum is cited here as HL followed by book andchapter number (e.g. HL 5.30).6. Friedrich Bluhme, ed., Leges Langobardorum, MGH Leges 4 (Hanover, 1868; reprinted1984) and available at www.oeaw.ac.at/gema/lango_leges.htm; Franz Beyerle, ed.,Leges Langobardorum 643–866, 2nd edition (Witzenhausen: DeutschrechtlicherInstituts-Verlag, 1962); Claudio Azzara and Stefano Gasparri, trans. and eds, Le leggidei Longobardi. Storia, memoria e diritto di un popolo germanico (Milan: Editricela Storia, 1992). The only English translation, up to and including Aistulf, is KatherineF. Drew, trans., The Lombard Laws (Philadelphia PA: University of PennsylvaniaPress, 1973).7. Cyrille Vogel, Les “Libri Poenitentiales,” Typologie des Sources du Moyen ÂgeOccidental 27 (Turnhout: Brepols, 1978), revised by Allen J. Frantzen (Turnhout:Brepols, 1985); Raymund Kottje, ed., Paenitentialia Minora Franciae et ItaliaeSaeculi VIII–IX (Turnhout: Brepols, 1984); John McNeill and Helena M. Gamer,<strong>Medieval</strong> Handbooks of Penance (New York: Columbia University Press, 1938);Payer, Sex and the Penitentials; Thomas Charles-Edwards, “The Penitentials of Theodoreand the Iudicia Theodorici,” in Michael Lapidge, ed., Archbishop Theodore.Commemorative Studies on his Life and Influence (Cambridge: Cambridge UniversityPress, 1995), 141–74; Michael Sheehan, “<strong>Sexuality</strong>, Marriage, Celibacy, and the
26 Ross BalzarettiFamily in Central and Northern Italy: Christian Legal and Moral Guides in the EarlyMiddle Ages,” in The Family in Italy from Antiquity to the Present, eds David I. Kertzerand Richard P. Saller (New Haven CT: Yale University Press, 1991), 168–83.8. For the limitations see Goffart, Narrators, 329–431 and for some remarks aboutPaul and gender see Ross Balzaretti, “‘These are Things that Men Do, Not Women’:The Social Regulation of Female Violence in Langobard Italy,” in Violence andSociety in the Early <strong>Medieval</strong> West, ed. Guy Halsall (Woodbridge: Boydell Press,1998), 175–92 —here at pp. 183–5—and Ross Balzaretti, “Masculine Authority andState Identity in Liutprandic Italy,” in Pohl and Erhart, Die Langobarden, 359–82.9. Robert Meens, “Introduction. Penitential Questions: Sin, Satisfaction and Reconciliationin the Tenth and Eleventh Centuries,” Early <strong>Medieval</strong> Europe 14 (2006), 1–6is a good recent survey of the problems.10. <strong>Julian</strong> Carter, “Introduction: Theory, Methods, Praxis: The History of <strong>Sexuality</strong> andthe Question of Evidence,” Journal of the History of <strong>Sexuality</strong> 14 (2005), 1–9.11. David M. Halperin, John J. Winkler and Froma I. Zeitlin, eds, Before <strong>Sexuality</strong>: TheConstruction of Erotic Experience in the Ancient Greek World (Princeton NJ: PrincetonUniversity Press, 1989) and David Halperin’s essay “Is there a History of <strong>Sexuality</strong>?”History and Theory 28 (1989), 257–74.12. Gert Hekma, “A History of Sexology: Social and Historical Aspects of <strong>Sexuality</strong>,”in From Sappho to De Sade, ed. Jan Bremmer (London: Routledge, 1989), 173–93.13. Ruth Mazo Karras, <strong>Sexuality</strong> In <strong>Medieval</strong> Europe. Doing Unto Others (New Yorkand London: Routledge, 2005), 5–6.14. For example, Allen J. Frantzen, “Where the Boys are: Children and Sex in the Anglo-Saxon Penitentials,” in Becoming Male in the Middle Ages, ed. Jeffrey J. Cohen andBonnie Wheeler (New York: Garland, 1997); Allen J. Frantzen, “Between the Lines:Queer Theory, the History of Homosexuality and Anglo-Saxon Penitentials,” Journalof <strong>Medieval</strong> and Early Modern Studies 26 (1996).15. Smith, “Gender and Ideology” and Balzaretti, “These are Things.”16. Martin A. Claussen, “Fathers of Power and Mothers of Authority: Dhuoda and theLiber Manualis,” French Historical Studies 19 (1996), 785–809; Peter Dronke, WomenWriters of the Middle Ages (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984); Janet L.Nelson, “Gender and Genre in Women Historians of the Early Middle Ages,” in herThe Frankish World (London: Hambledon, 1996).17. Ross Balzaretti, “These are Things”; Ross Balzaretti, “Theodelinda, ‘Most GloriousQueen.’ Gender and Power in Lombard Italy,” The <strong>Medieval</strong> History Journal (2000);Balzaretti, “Masculine Authority”; Walter Pohl, “Gender and Ethnicity in the EarlyMiddle Ages,” in Brubaker and Smith, Gender, 23–43; Brigitte Pohl-Resl, “‘Quodme legibus contanget auere’: Reschtsfähigkeit und Landbesitz langobardischerFrauen,” Mitteilungen des Instituts Österreichischen Geschichtsforschung, 101 (1993),201–27; Patricia Skinner, Women in Italian <strong>Medieval</strong> Society 500–1200 (Harlow:Longman, 2001), Chapter 2.18. John M. Riddle, “Oral Contraceptives and Early Term Abortifacients During ClassicalAntiquity and the Middle Ages,” Past and Present 132 (1991), 3–32; Helen King,“Sowing the Field: Greek and Roman Sexology,” in Sexual Knowledge, SexualScience: The History of Attitudes to <strong>Sexuality</strong>, ed. Roy Porter and Mikulàs Teich(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994), 29–46.
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