Medieval Sexuality: A Casebook - Julian Emperor

202 Kim M. Phillipsed. C. R. Boxer (London: Hakluyt Society Publications, 2nd series, no. 106, 1953),16–17, 223; Jonathan D. Spence, The Memory Palace of Matteo Ricci (New York:Viking, 1984), 220. Hinsch also cites “An Account of the Travels of Two MohammedansThrough India and China in the Ninth Century,” trans. Abbé Renaudot, inA General Collection of the Best and Most Interesting Voyages and Travels in AllParts of the World, ed. John Pinkerton, 17 vols (London: Longman, Hurst, Rees &Orme, 1808), 7: 195: “The Chinese are addicted to the abominable vice of sodomy,and the filthy practice of it they number among the indifferent things they perform inhonor of their idols.” However, Pinkerton is a famously unreliable authority, and inthis instance inserts his own editorial comments throughout the work. It is possiblethat the statement represents an English colonialist mentality rather than a ninthcenturyIslamic one.3. Samuel Purchas, Purchas his Pilgrimage or Relations of the World and the ReligionsObserved in all Ages and Places Discovered, from the Creation to the Present, 2ndedition (London: William Stansby, 1614), 16, IV.12.4. Sir Richard F. Burton, “Terminal Essay,” The Book of a Thousand Nights and a Night,16 vols, trans. Sir Richard F. Burton (Benares: Kamashastra Society, 1885), 10: 238.5. Henning Haslund, Mongolian Journey, trans. F. R. Lyon (London: Routledge, 1949),4–5, emphasis added.6. For an overview and range of studies see Wayne R. Dynes and Stephen Donaldson,eds, Asian Homosexuality (New York: Garland, 1992); for India, Ruth Vanita andSaleem Kidwai, eds, Same-Sex Love in India: Readings from Literature and History(Houndmills: Macmillan, 2000), and essays by Scott Kugle and Indrani Chatterjee inQueering India: Same-Sex Love and Eroticism in Indian Culture and Society, ed. RuthVanita (New York: Routledge, 2002). Japan had a particularly strong pederastictradition before the Meiji Restoration in 1868 but is not of central importance herebecause European travelers did not reach Japan until 1543. See: Michael Cooper, ed.,They Came to Japan: An Anthology of European Reports on Japan, 1543–1640(Berkeley CA: University of California Press, 1965), 15, 46; Gary Leupp, MaleColors: The Construction of Homosexuality in Tokugawa Japan (Berkeley CA:University of California Press, 1995); Gregory M. Pflugfelder, Cartographies ofDesire: Male-Male Sexuality in Japanese Discourse, 1600–1950 (Berkeley CA:University of California Press, 1999).7. The law code entitled the Great Yassa prescribed the death penalty for anyone foundguilty of either adultery or male–male sex, although the anti-homosexual edict is lackingin the surviving portions of the Yuan legal code of 1291 designed for Mongolianrule in China. V. A. Riasanovsky, Customary Law of the Mongol Tribes (Mongols,Buriats, Kalmucks, part I–III) (Harbin, China: privately printed, 1929), 57; Paul HengchaoCh’en, Chinese Legal Tradition Under the Mongols: The Code of 1291 asReconstructed (Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press, 1979).8. For example: Robert H. van Gulik, Sexual Life in Ancient China: A PreliminarySurvey of Chinese Sex and Society from ca. 1500 BC till 1644 AD (Leiden: Brill,1974); Marinus J. Meijer, “Homosexual Offenses in Ch’ing Law,” T’oung Pao, 71(1985), 109–33; Vivien Ng, “Homosexuality and the State in Late Imperial China,”in Hidden from History: Reclaiming the Gay and Lesbian Past, eds Martin Duberman,Martha Vicinus and George Chauncey (New York: Meridian Press, 1989), 76–89;Hinsch, Passions of the Cut Sleeve; Matthew H. Sommer, Sex, Law, and Society in