HISTORIOGRAPHY IN THE MIDDLE AGES - Julian Emperor
HISTORIOGRAPHY IN THE MIDDLE AGES - Julian Emperor HISTORIOGRAPHY IN THE MIDDLE AGES - Julian Emperor
LATER MEDIEVAL INSTITUTIONAL HISTORY 297the more systematic approach to history among the Dominicans.This is revealed in some of the surviving chronicles from the IrishFranciscan province that we will encounter later on in more detail,such as the ‘Kilkenny chronicle’ and the Annals of friar John Clynn.Although not order chronicles in the strict sense of the word, theyprovide information on the establishment of Franciscan convents, thesuccession of provincial ministers and other dignitaries. The sameholds true for the famous chronicle of Salimbene, which is one ofthe most important thirteenth-century sources of information forFranciscan settlements, individual friars and institutional developmentsin the Italian and French provinces, and yet is not an orderchronicle in the strict sense of the word.Compared with the quick emergence of provincial chronicles, theproduction of general order histories came relatively late. The firstFranciscan general order chronicle might have been the Historia ordinisminorum (ca. 1290) of the Italian friar Philip of Perugia, provincialminister of Tuscany and bishop of Fiesole. Wadding and Sbaraleamake mention of this work in their catalogues of Franciscan authors,but thus far this chronicle has not been rediscovered. 67 From theend of the thirteenth and the beginning of the fourteenth century,other short order histories survive, or rather concise catalogues ofgeneral ministers. Cases in point are the so-called Catalogus generaliumministrorum (ca. 1304–18, with later continuations), which used to beascribed to Bernard of Bessa († ca. 1304), formerly the secretary ofBonaventure, 68 as well as to Peter of Todi. This catalogue not onlylists fourteen successive general ministers and their deeds, but alsogives an outline of Franciscan history from the death and thebeatification of Francis to the early fourteenth century, complete withinformation about papal privileges, regulations and statutes concerningstudy, preaching activities, the celebration of the Divine Office,Franciscan missionary activities and the relationship with the secularclergy. From roughly the same period are some surviving fragments67Wadding (1906), 196; Sbaralea (1908–36), 2:383.68Catalogus generalium ministrorum ordinis fratrum minorum, ed. O. Holder-Egger, MGHScriptores 32 (Hannover, 1908), 652–74; Chronicon Generalium; Catalogus MinistrorumGeneralium (OFM), in Zeitschrift für Katholische Theologie 7 (1883), 322–52; AnalectaFranciscana 3, (1898), 693–707; and Archivum Franciscanum Historicum 2 (1909), 431–40;6 (1913), 785; 15 (1922), 333–48. Oswald Holder-Egger showed that the work waswritten after Bernard’s death. Maybe the author of this extant catalogue used anow-lost comparable work of Bernard.
298 BERT ROESTof smaller Franciscan lists of general ministers, provincial ministersand other friars, most of which are anonymous. 69 One of these, theChronicon abbreviatum de successione generalium ministrorum (ca. 1304), 70 waswritten by the Italian friar Peregrine of Bologna, provincial ministerof Greece and Genoa. The chronicle, actually a letter to his ministergeneral, is foremost a short list of eighteen general ministers,and major developments within the order under their rule. 71 A moresubstantial work is the anonymous Chronica XIV vel XV generalium, 72which covers more or less the same period, and seems not so differentfrom the Catalogus generalium ministrorum mentioned before. Accordingto fourteenth-century chronicles and other sources, a comparable cataloguewould have been written by the Franciscan friar Philip Brusseriof Savone (ca. 1260–1340). But neither this nor most of the otherchronicles ascribed to him seem to have survived. 73 The Chronica brevisordinis minorum (ca. 1350) by the Franciscan hagiographer DominicBonaventure de Festo shared the same fate. 74These order histories and catalogues of general ministers culminatedin the huge Chronica XXIV generalium (ca. 1369), which reachedback to the work of Peregrine of Bologna and is ascribed to FriarArnold of Serrano from Aquitaine, although this attribution is uncertain.75 This large chronicle tells the story of the Franciscan orderunder its various general ministers up to Leonard Giffoni “ad eruditionempraesentium et futurorum cautelam”. As it contains much69For their editions, see for instance Analecta Franciscana 1 (1887), 261–63, 273ff.; Series generalium ministrorum ordinis fratrum minorum Florentina, ed. O. Holder-Egger,MGH Scriptores 32 (Hannover, 1908), 675–85.70Edited in Tractatus Fratris Thomae vulgo dicti de Eccleston, de adventu fratrum minorumin Angliam, ed. A. G. Little (Paris, 1909), 141–45; and as Chronicon abbreviatumde successione ministrorum ordinis minorum (Manchester, 1951).71Moorman (1968), 292.72Analecta Franciscana 3 (1898), 693–707.73Aside from the Acta generalium ministrorum, he allegedly wrote other topographicaland historical works, such as a Speculum terrae sanctae, a Compendium historiarumordinis minorum, and a Chronicon Franciscanae provinciae Genuensis. With the exception ofthe description of the Holy Land, none of these works seem to have survived. SeeSbaralea (1908–36), 2:376.74Sbaralea (1908–36), 1:235. For Dominic’s Vita S. Francisci Fabrianensis, see AASS3 (April), 89–95.75Edited in Analecta Franciscana 3 (1898), 1–575. See Frey (1887), 229–43; Moorman(1968), 292; Campagnola (1974), 58: “Egli mostra infatti di conoscere tutta lastoriografia francescana antecedente, compresa quella spirituale”. Even the themeof tribulations and decadence is present.
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298 BERT ROESTof smaller Franciscan lists of general ministers, provincial ministersand other friars, most of which are anonymous. 69 One of these, theChronicon abbreviatum de successione generalium ministrorum (ca. 1304), 70 waswritten by the Italian friar Peregrine of Bologna, provincial ministerof Greece and Genoa. The chronicle, actually a letter to his ministergeneral, is foremost a short list of eighteen general ministers,and major developments within the order under their rule. 71 A moresubstantial work is the anonymous Chronica XIV vel XV generalium, 72which covers more or less the same period, and seems not so differentfrom the Catalogus generalium ministrorum mentioned before. Accordingto fourteenth-century chronicles and other sources, a comparable cataloguewould have been written by the Franciscan friar Philip Brusseriof Savone (ca. 1260–1340). But neither this nor most of the otherchronicles ascribed to him seem to have survived. 73 The Chronica brevisordinis minorum (ca. 1350) by the Franciscan hagiographer DominicBonaventure de Festo shared the same fate. 74These order histories and catalogues of general ministers culminatedin the huge Chronica XXIV generalium (ca. 1369), which reachedback to the work of Peregrine of Bologna and is ascribed to FriarArnold of Serrano from Aquitaine, although this attribution is uncertain.75 This large chronicle tells the story of the Franciscan orderunder its various general ministers up to Leonard Giffoni “ad eruditionempraesentium et futurorum cautelam”. As it contains much69For their editions, see for instance Analecta Franciscana 1 (1887), 261–63, 273ff.; Series generalium ministrorum ordinis fratrum minorum Florentina, ed. O. Holder-Egger,MGH Scriptores 32 (Hannover, 1908), 675–85.70Edited in Tractatus Fratris Thomae vulgo dicti de Eccleston, de adventu fratrum minorumin Angliam, ed. A. G. Little (Paris, 1909), 141–45; and as Chronicon abbreviatumde successione ministrorum ordinis minorum (Manchester, 1951).71Moorman (1968), 292.72Analecta Franciscana 3 (1898), 693–707.73Aside from the Acta generalium ministrorum, he allegedly wrote other topographicaland historical works, such as a Speculum terrae sanctae, a Compendium historiarumordinis minorum, and a Chronicon Franciscanae provinciae Genuensis. With the exception ofthe description of the Holy Land, none of these works seem to have survived. SeeSbaralea (1908–36), 2:376.74Sbaralea (1908–36), 1:235. For Dominic’s Vita S. Francisci Fabrianensis, see AASS3 (April), 89–95.75Edited in Analecta Franciscana 3 (1898), 1–575. See Frey (1887), 229–43; Moorman(1968), 292; Campagnola (1974), 58: “Egli mostra infatti di conoscere tutta lastoriografia francescana antecedente, compresa quella spirituale”. Even the themeof tribulations and decadence is present.
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