HISTORIOGRAPHY IN THE MIDDLE AGES - Julian Emperor
HISTORIOGRAPHY IN THE MIDDLE AGES - Julian Emperor HISTORIOGRAPHY IN THE MIDDLE AGES - Julian Emperor
WORLD HISTORIOGRAPHY IN THE LATE MIDDLE AGES 171Andreas mentions in his foreword the alveus of papal-imperial history,through which the rivuli run, the “tempora sanctorum et virorumillustrium ac cetera quedam digna memoria”. 46 It appears as ifhe were searching for a new form of historical description. Yet inthe end this disappears in the annalistic scheme with regional historicalemphasis.Comparable to that is the world chronicle of Johannes Rothe, inwhich, however, Thuringian history carries even more weight thanBavarian history did for Andreas. Johannes Rothe proceeded, in contrastto Andreas, from Landesgeschichte to world history and works hispreviously edited Thuringian history into a world history, with whichhe goes back to the history of creation. To that end, he uses Ekkehardof Aura with continuations and Martin of Troppau, among others. 47In the rhymed preface to the world history, he announces that hewishes to write about heathens, Jews, and Christians, partly alsoabout the ruling class of Thuringia, and about “was bebiste, keiserhaben gethan von wunderlichen dyngen” [what kinds of wonderfulthings popes and emperors have done]. The Franks drove the Romansout of this land. Following that, the landgraves of Meißen came. 48The chronicler’s main motivation was probably to place his owncountry in a prized position by placing it within a world-historicalframe.The world chronicle of Gobelinus Person carries the author-giventitle Cosmidromius [The Way of the World] and demonstrates therebythe claim to worldliness. Over and above that, the conception of thework is not completely recognizable today, since the edition of MaxJansen—nearly one hundred years old—is reliable only with respectto the sections on contemporary history. 49 From the previous sections,only spot samplings have been printed, and the record ofsources in the introduction raises questions as well. It seems doubtfulthat—as Jansen believes—authors such as Eusebius, Jerome, FlaviusJosephus, Prosper, and so on were used directly and not via themedium of another large world chronicle. It seems possible that theCosmidromius is indeed a continuation of Martin of Troppau. However,46Andreas von Regensburg, Chronica, ed. Leidinger, 4.47Patze (1968), 95–168, in particular 121 seq.48Johannes Rothe, Thüringische Weltchronik, ed. von Liliencron, 8, 9–10.49Gobelinus Person, Cosmidromius, bis 1418, ed. M. Jansen (Münster, 1900), 1–243.
172 ROLF SPRANDELit is a chronicle of six epochs and used, along with individual writings,other world chronicles (probably Ekkehard in particular) forthe pre-Christian sections.Following the period covered by Martin of Troppau, GobelinusPerson mixes chapters on popes alternately with chapters on emperors.This scheme falls by the wayside with the eruption of the schism.The Cosmidromius produces a very intensive history of the Romanpapacy up to the Council of Constance and also a history of Paderbornby going back and forth to a certain extent between these two fociof the history, which the author himself personally experienced. Thehistory of six epochs becomes a sort of contemporary book; it becomesworld and regional history from an individual perspective. At thesame time, as he writes in the introduction, the author is driven bythe notion of apocalypse (“finibus seculorum, qui in nos devenerunt”)and writes, in connection with Daniel 2:35: “Visiones capitis meiconturbaverunt me”.The world chronicle of Dietrich Engelhus builds on GobelinusPerson. He also alternates between chapters about individual emperorsand individual popes but goes beyond Gobelinus Person in implementingthe scheme: he shortens the history of Urban VI to beproportionate to the histories of the other popes. He builds similarchapters for the popes and emperors who follow, up through MartinV and Sigismund. When he wrote his chronicle in 1422/1423, theworld supposedly had only a few years left. He himself continuesthe chronicle up through 1433. After that, others continue the writing.Various years are given for the end of the world: 1421, whichhe can easily reject. He did not live to experience 1467, anotheryear proposed. 50With that, we come to the next and penultimate category. In themiddle of the fifteenth century, Thomas Ebendorfer splits world historyinto two clearly separate works: an imperial history and a papalhistory. The papal history, written later, is conceived of as a counterpartto imperial history: “After having depicted the gesta of theemperors [. . .], I would now like to work out the catalogue of thepopes in a similar fashion (similiter)”. 51 Thus, with respect to exter-50Dietrich Engelhus, Weltchronik, 1101/1115–1395/1420, ed. G. W. Leipniz,Scriptores rerum Brunsvicensium 2 (Hannover, 1710), 977–1143, at 1142.51Thomas Ebendorfer, Chronica pontificum Romanorum, ed. H. Zimmermann, MGHSS rer. Germ., N.S. 16 (1994), 53–553, at 53–54.
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WORLD <strong>HISTORIOGRAPHY</strong> <strong>IN</strong> <strong>THE</strong> LATE <strong>MIDDLE</strong> <strong>AGES</strong> 171Andreas mentions in his foreword the alveus of papal-imperial history,through which the rivuli run, the “tempora sanctorum et virorumillustrium ac cetera quedam digna memoria”. 46 It appears as ifhe were searching for a new form of historical description. Yet inthe end this disappears in the annalistic scheme with regional historicalemphasis.Comparable to that is the world chronicle of Johannes Rothe, inwhich, however, Thuringian history carries even more weight thanBavarian history did for Andreas. Johannes Rothe proceeded, in contrastto Andreas, from Landesgeschichte to world history and works hispreviously edited Thuringian history into a world history, with whichhe goes back to the history of creation. To that end, he uses Ekkehardof Aura with continuations and Martin of Troppau, among others. 47In the rhymed preface to the world history, he announces that hewishes to write about heathens, Jews, and Christians, partly alsoabout the ruling class of Thuringia, and about “was bebiste, keiserhaben gethan von wunderlichen dyngen” [what kinds of wonderfulthings popes and emperors have done]. The Franks drove the Romansout of this land. Following that, the landgraves of Meißen came. 48The chronicler’s main motivation was probably to place his owncountry in a prized position by placing it within a world-historicalframe.The world chronicle of Gobelinus Person carries the author-giventitle Cosmidromius [The Way of the World] and demonstrates therebythe claim to worldliness. Over and above that, the conception of thework is not completely recognizable today, since the edition of MaxJansen—nearly one hundred years old—is reliable only with respectto the sections on contemporary history. 49 From the previous sections,only spot samplings have been printed, and the record ofsources in the introduction raises questions as well. It seems doubtfulthat—as Jansen believes—authors such as Eusebius, Jerome, FlaviusJosephus, Prosper, and so on were used directly and not via themedium of another large world chronicle. It seems possible that theCosmidromius is indeed a continuation of Martin of Troppau. However,46Andreas von Regensburg, Chronica, ed. Leidinger, 4.47Patze (1968), 95–168, in particular 121 seq.48Johannes Rothe, Thüringische Weltchronik, ed. von Liliencron, 8, 9–10.49Gobelinus Person, Cosmidromius, bis 1418, ed. M. Jansen (Münster, 1900), 1–243.