HISTORIOGRAPHY IN THE MIDDLE AGES - Julian Emperor

WORLD HISTORIOGRAPHY IN THE LATE MIDDLE AGES 169and the need for chronological factual certainty, which we also findelsewhere, Closener, and even more so Twinger, follow an encyclopedicconception in their world history, which places these authorsin a special position.Another important author of the second category is Heinrich ofHerford. 38 He uses an epochal history and in the sixth epoch continuesthe work of Martin of Troppau, bridging the time since theend of Martin’s chronicle with western European chronicles, thedynastic history of Levold of Northof (referred to the counts of Markin the region of Lower Rhine), and others. Heinrich of Herford providesmaterial to the pope-chronicler Konrad of Halberstadt, butappears in turn to have borrowed material from the latter as well. 39Heinrich of Herford, who organizes according to emperors, markedlyaccents Heilsgeschichte. The notions of a seventh and eighth epoch,which go back to Augustine and are further developed by Konradof Halberstadt, are indicated in Heinrich as well. 40 At the same time,the organization according to emperors is not exactly without conceptualmeaning. He has an anti-papal orientation, belongs mostlikely to the opponents in Minden of the bishops provided by thepope, and shows a bias toward Ludwig of Bavaria. He objects toCharles IV, who was favored by the pope, yet at the same time seesin his reign close ties to Heilsgeschichte, as well as signs of the comingapocalypse in his election and the events of his first years. 41Heinrich of Herford transforms the dynastic history of Levold ofNorthof page by page into an imperial history, although, incidentally,this is not apparent in the otherwise-so-useful edition of A. Potthast.Konrad of Halberstadt transforms Heinrich of Herford completelyinto a papal history. 42 The work of Konrad of Halberstadt must becharacterized, in contrast to the papal histories mentioned above, asworld history, because it has the same richness of material as Heinrichof Herford and likewise is conceived within a framework of an apocalypticHeilsgeschichte.38Heinrich von Herford, Liber de rebus memoriabilioribus sive Chronicon, bis 1355, ed.A. Potthast (Göttingen, 1859), 1–291.39Leng (1996).40Haeusler (1980).41Sprandel (1994), 67–82.42Konrad von Halberstadt, Chronographia Interminata 1277–1355/59, ed. R. Leng(Wiesbaden, 1996).