Gladstone Fish Health Investigation 2011 - 2012 - Western Basin ...

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Contaminants in Tissue of o Fish and Crabs Collectedin the Gladstone Area6. Are the levels of contaminants in fish andknown to be associatedwith reportedecotoxicologicaleffects?crab tissue6.1.IntroductionWhere residues were identified as being significantly elevated at Gladstone G sites compared toreference sites or were significantly associated with fishor crab health issues, results werecompared to data retrieved from the Environmental Residue and Effects E Database (ERED,http://el.erdc.usace.army.mil/ered/). If there were no significant differences between measuredmetal concentrationsof diseasedd and healthy fish, or Gladstone Harbour H andd reference sites thenthese metals and metalloids could be discounted as contributing too the fish disease in GladstoneHarbour.6.2.Metal Residues in the t Hepatopancreas of Mud CrabsThe concentration of aluminium and selenium was found to be significantly higher in diseasedcrabs than healthy crabs (Section4.1). No data for toxicological effects basedd on aluminium orselenium concentrations in crab hepatopancreas was found in the Environmental Residue andEffects Database, so the elevated concentrations of these metals and metalloids could not beassessed in terms of their potential effects.6.3.Metal Residues in the t Gillsand Liver of BarramundiMeasured concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, iron andzinc in thee liver of barramundi were foundto be significantly higher in the group of samples collected for at least one tripp in the GladstoneHarbour samples, particularly in the t Port DevelopmentArea (Figure 17).6.3.1.ArsenicArsenic was detected in liver tissue at concentrations ranging between 0.29 and 6.37 mg/kg wetweight at Gladstone and reference sites, with the highest level of arsenic a (6.37 mg/kg) beingmeasured in a samplefrom the Bundaberg(reference) site. LD50ss (concentrations lethal to 50% ofthe test organisms) were associated with liver concentrations of arsenic between 5.69 mg/kg wetweight (Mozambiquetilapia - Oreochromis mossambicus) and 122.8 mg/kg (Green sunfish -Lepomis cyanellus) (US Army Corp Engineers & USEPA, 2011) (Table 12). Of the 45 barramundiliver samples collected in the program, only two had arsenic concentrations above the lowestrecorded effects concentrations and the vast majority were significantly lower. The only chroniceffect noted for arsenic concentrations was at a No Observed Effect Doss (NOED) of 11.6 mg/kgwet weightin bluegill Lepomis macrochirus.This is nearly double the t maximum concentration ofliver arsenic measured in this study, therefore it is unlikely that arsenic residues in barramundilivers would cause harmful effects to fish.There weree no data on immunosuppressioneffects in fish due to arsenic a in the Poulsen andEscher (2012) report.Page 25
Department of Science, Information Technology, Innovation and the ArtsTable 12 – Summary of effects concentrations associated with arsenic concentrations in fish liverreported in the Environmental Residue and Effects Database (mg/kg wet weight)SpeciescommonnameBluegillBluegillGreen sunfishGreen sunfishGreen sunfishGreen sunfishGreen sunfishMozambiquetilapiaMozambiquetilapiaKillfishKillfishSpeciesscientificnameLepomismacrochirusLepomismacrochirusLepomiscyanellusLepomiscyanellusLepomiscyanellusLepomiscyanellusLepomiscyanellusOreochromismossambicusOreochromismossambicusFundulusheteroclitusFundulusheteroclitusConcentrationwet weight(mg/kg)EffectclassToxicitymeasure 1Exposureroute11.6 Growth NOED Not defined11.6 Mortality NOED Not defined27.4 Mortality LD50 Water77.2 Mortality LD50 Water77.8 Mortality LD50 Water82 Mortality LD50 Water122.8 Mortality LD50 Water5.69 Mortality LD50 Water9.55 Mortality LD10 Water17.98 Mortality LD20 Water29.22 Mortality LD70 Water1LD10, LD20 and LD70 are the concentrations of arsenic in liver tissue that correspond to 10, 20 and 70 per centlethality of the test organism, respectively.6.3.2. CadmiumCadmium was rarely detected by the Gladstone Integrated Aquatic Investigation Program (DERM2011a, b; EHP 2012a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i; DSITIA 2013a, b). By comparing the concentrations ofmetals in Gladstone Harbour and the effect concentrations reported by Poulsen and Escher(2012), DISITIA (in prep) found that it was unlikely cadmium was causing immunosuppression orincreasing disease susceptibility in fish.The measured range of concentrations of cadmium in the liver of the barramundi sampled from theGladstone area was 0.01 to 0.1 mg/kg wet weight, whereas the range from the reference sites was
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Department of Agriculture, Fisherie
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ContentsTable of tables 1Table of f
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Mullet (Mugilidae) 80Banana prawn (
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Figure 7. Barramundi caught in the
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Figure 38. Sharks caught in the Cal
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Phase 1 (August 2011-February 2012)
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The results in this study support t
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ecognised expertise and research pu
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Mr Mitchell reported high catches u
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Figure 2. Sampling sites within the
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Phase 2: Expanded Gladstone Fish He
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Mud crab (Scylla serrata): Mud crab
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For mud crabs, hepatopancreas, gill
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Table 2. The number of fish, crusta
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Significant findings and discussion
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Commercial barramundi catch and cat
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Figure 6. Eye condition observed in
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Conditions observed in barramundi s
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Figure 12. A barramundi caught in t
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provided another environmental stre
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was somewhat reduced because post-m
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4,000Commercial effort (days fished
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Size structure of mud crabs observe
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Figure 21. Examples of shell abnorm
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Of the 58 crabs observed to have sh
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HistopathologyLipid storage vacuola
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Commercial fishing effort for mulle
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Figure 28. (a) Mullet caught in Rod
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June/July: Mullet samples were coll
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Sharks and raysThe monitoring progr
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Observational findings Phase 1Phase
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Encysted larval parasites were foun
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in particular bull sharks, have bee
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Commercial banana prawn catch for t
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Observational findings Phase 2April
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Laboratory testing Phase 1Seven riv
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four displayed signs of redness. Th
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Conditions observed in pelagic fish
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FinfishObservational findingsDuring
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ConclusionsIn 2011, a wide range of
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Mud crabsFisheries Queensland did n
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Owens, L. 1983. Bopyrid isopod Epip
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Candidate speciesThe monitoring pro
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Table 1: Candidate species for each
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Sample processingSample processing
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Herring/grinner/Australian threadfi
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For example: the third specimen, re
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oooGonad - present/absentHepatopanc
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Cloudy eye,swollen,redness orhemorr
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Red pin pointmarks - nogeneral redn
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Lesion photos Description GradeThis
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L4continuedoperculumgrazing;cuts or
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Appendix A-3: Fish health assessmen
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Appendix B - Statistical report: Gl
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analyses, but this was not done for
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was a significant (P < 0.05) locati
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Percentage with fin condition > 015
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Table 3.6b. Effects of locations an
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Table 3.7d. Spleen categories - cou
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32Bundy2Bundy1UpBoyne1UpBoyne2LwBoy
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Table 3.9c. Regional group means an
Page 123 and 124: Table 4.2c. Effects of locations an
Page 125 and 126: 4.5 Summarising by regionsThe means
Page 127 and 128: Ta ble 5.2a. Effects of locations a
Page 129 and 130: 5.5 Summarising by regionsThe means
Page 131 and 132: 6.3 ResultsThere was no significant
Page 133 and 134: Table 6.5 lists the mean values whe
Page 135 and 136: Standardized residualsStandardized
Page 137 and 138: Table 2.3f. Muscle lesions.Lake Fit
Page 139 and 140: Table 4. 1f. Muscle lesions.Fitzroy
Page 141 and 142: Table 5.6. Regiona l m eans for the
Page 143 and 144: Contaminants in Tissue ofFish and C
Page 145 and 146: Contaminants in Tissue of Fish and
Page 151 and 152: Department of Science, Information
Page 173: Department of Science, Information
Page 203 and 204: Appendix E - Time line BarraBy John
Page 205 and 206: friends. Rapidly rising flood water
Page 207 and 208: To make note - condition loss was e
Page 209 and 210: May/June- FinsMy initial observatio
Page 211 and 212: Thes e escapee were now also in awo
Page 213 and 214: Figure N. Barramundi showing net ma
Page 215 and 216: September- Deaths and SicknessFigur
Page 217 and 218: There is numerous distinguishing fe
Page 219: Department of Agriculture, Fisherie
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