Gladstone Fish Health Investigation 2011 - 2012 - Western Basin ...

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Contaminants in Tissue of o Fish and Crabs Collectedin the Gladstone AreaTable 8 Disease status and meanmeasured concentrations of metal contaminants in liverr (mg/kgdry-weight basis). No significant difference (P>0.05) between healthy and diseased fish were found.Measured concentrations of chromium, nickel, silver andlead were generally below the limit ofreporting and were not included in this analysis.MetalMeanconcentrationin healthy fishMeanconcentrationin diseasedfishAverageStandardErrorSignificancScelevel l (P)Ratio of averageemetalconcentrationdiseased/healthyAluminiumm 2.263.1880.530.4891.41Arsenic4.405.8000.800.4291.32Cadmium0. 1060.1377 0.0190.5621.28Copper44.818.5510.20.0650.41Iron1420190112820.4311.34Mercury0. 5970.6244 0.1450.8431.05Selenium5.364.5220.860.3730.84Silver0. 2600.0800 0.0630.0550.31Zinc67.966.007.70.7010.974.3.GrinnerAll grinner were assessed as being healthy and therefore no statistical analysis betweentissueconcentrations and health status were conducted.4.4.Summary• There were significantly higher concentrations of aluminiumm and selenium in diseased mudcrab hepatopancreas compared to healthy mud crabs. As this t result occurred forr all sites,these elevatedmetal concentrationsmay be contributing too the prevalence of mud crabdisease in general, not just Gladstone Harbour.• There was no significant associationn between fish disease and measured metalconcentrationsin barramundi gills orr liver and therefore no evidence that metals andmetalloids were related toany illnesss of this species.• There is no evidence thatt organic contaminantsanalysed for f are contributing to mud crabillness in the Gladstone sites.Page 11
Department of Science, Information Technology, Innovation and the Arts5. Are the concentrationsof contaminants inn crab andfish tissuefrom Gladsttone similar to thosee from otherQueensland estuarine and near-coastal locations?Measured concentration of contaminants in tissues collected from aquatic organisms can be usedto assess overall environmental exposure too contaminants over time, and may indicate exposure oforganisms to contaminants that are not identified from discrete grab sampling. Comparisons ofcontaminants in tissues of the same speciess collected from different areas may indicate variation inthe contaminant exposure. Five contaminannts (aluminium, arsenic, copper, molybdenum, and zinc)were found, during thewater quality monitoring program(DERM 2011; 2 DERMM 2012 a, b, c EHP2012a, b, d, e, f, g, h, i; DSITIA 2013a, b), too have exceeded the Australian A and New Zealandwater quality guidelines (ANZECC and ARMCANZ 2000).5.1.Mud CrabComparison of the pooled metal and metalloid concentrations in mud m crab hepatopancreas fromeach trip inthis study indicated significant differences between trips but theree was generally noconsistent pattern between trips apart from concentrations of barium and selenium. Barium wassignificantly higher in the mud crab hepatopancreas at reference sites s compared to GladstoneHarbour sites for bothtrips and selenium was significantly higher at a Gladstone sites for both trips(Table 9). Copper andzinc were significantlyy higher at the Gladstone Harbour sites in Trip 1, butthere was no significant difference in Trip 2. Iron was significantlyhigher in Trip 2 at the Gladstonesites. Chromium and lead were significantlyhigher at the reference sites in Trip 1, and cadmiumand mercury were significantly higher in Tripp 2. This may reflect slightly different areas from whichthe crabs were collected. In order to put these results inperspective at a larger scale, comparisonswere madewith historical data collected in estuarine and near coastal locations.Comparison of concentrations off metals andd metalloidsin the hepatopancreas of mud crabscollected from the Gladstone Port Development Area (Gladstone Port) P and the Narrows (GladstoneNarrows) in2012 (Figure 1) showed that crabs from these sites did not have higher level of metalsand metalloids in theirhepatopancreas compared to mud crabs collected fromm other estuarine andnear-coastal regions of eastern Queenslandd (Figure 2 to Figure 12). Mean measuredconcentrations of aluminium, arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, iron, mercury, nickell andselenium ( Figures 2 to6 and Figures 8 to 11) in the Port Development Area tended to liein thelower half of the measured concentrations of samples collected along the eastern coast ofQueensland. Mean measured concentrations of copperand zinc ( Figure 7 and 12) in thePortDevelopment Area were in the upper half of f the historical data. Andersen (2003) also found thesetwo metalsto be elevated in crabhepatopancreas in Gladstone Harbour compared to a referencesite at Ayr.A direct comparison of the hepatopancreasmetal concentrations from the current studycannot be made with data presented in Andersen (2003) as in the latter the data were reported aswet weight. The concentration off zinc measured in the crab hepatopancreas in the PortDevelopment Area in 2012 was lower than that reported by Mortimer (2000) in the Gladstone area,although the concentration of copper in the hepatopancreas was higher. h Angel et al. (2012) foundthe copperconcentration in water in Gladstone Harbour had increased from previous studies andsuggested this was caused by increased shipping. Measured concentrationsof mercury in the PortDevelopment Area were in the higher half off the historical dataset, , but were much lower thanmeasured concentrations in mudcrabs fromthe Tully, Herbert, and Gordon catchments(Figure 9).Silver was not measured in mud crab hepatopancreasin the previous studiess and so historicalPage 12
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Department of Agriculture, Fisherie
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ContentsTable of tables 1Table of f
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Mullet (Mugilidae) 80Banana prawn (
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Figure 7. Barramundi caught in the
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Figure 38. Sharks caught in the Cal
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Phase 1 (August 2011-February 2012)
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The results in this study support t
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ecognised expertise and research pu
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Mr Mitchell reported high catches u
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Figure 2. Sampling sites within the
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Phase 2: Expanded Gladstone Fish He
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Mud crab (Scylla serrata): Mud crab
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For mud crabs, hepatopancreas, gill
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Table 2. The number of fish, crusta
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Significant findings and discussion
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Commercial barramundi catch and cat
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Figure 6. Eye condition observed in
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Conditions observed in barramundi s
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Figure 12. A barramundi caught in t
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provided another environmental stre
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was somewhat reduced because post-m
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4,000Commercial effort (days fished
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Size structure of mud crabs observe
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Figure 21. Examples of shell abnorm
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Of the 58 crabs observed to have sh
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HistopathologyLipid storage vacuola
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Commercial fishing effort for mulle
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Figure 28. (a) Mullet caught in Rod
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June/July: Mullet samples were coll
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Sharks and raysThe monitoring progr
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Observational findings Phase 1Phase
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Encysted larval parasites were foun
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in particular bull sharks, have bee
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Commercial banana prawn catch for t
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Observational findings Phase 2April
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Laboratory testing Phase 1Seven riv
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four displayed signs of redness. Th
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Conditions observed in pelagic fish
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FinfishObservational findingsDuring
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ConclusionsIn 2011, a wide range of
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Mud crabsFisheries Queensland did n
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Owens, L. 1983. Bopyrid isopod Epip
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Candidate speciesThe monitoring pro
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Table 1: Candidate species for each
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Sample processingSample processing
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Herring/grinner/Australian threadfi
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For example: the third specimen, re
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oooGonad - present/absentHepatopanc
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Cloudy eye,swollen,redness orhemorr
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Red pin pointmarks - nogeneral redn
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Lesion photos Description GradeThis
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L4continuedoperculumgrazing;cuts or
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Appendix A-3: Fish health assessmen
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Appendix B - Statistical report: Gl
Page 109 and 110: analyses, but this was not done for
Page 111 and 112: was a significant (P < 0.05) locati
Page 113 and 114: Percentage with fin condition > 015
Page 115 and 116: Table 3.6b. Effects of locations an
Page 117 and 118: Table 3.7d. Spleen categories - cou
Page 119 and 120: 32Bundy2Bundy1UpBoyne1UpBoyne2LwBoy
Page 121 and 122: Table 3.9c. Regional group means an
Page 123 and 124: Table 4.2c. Effects of locations an
Page 125 and 126: 4.5 Summarising by regionsThe means
Page 127 and 128: Ta ble 5.2a. Effects of locations a
Page 129 and 130: 5.5 Summarising by regionsThe means
Page 131 and 132: 6.3 ResultsThere was no significant
Page 133 and 134: Table 6.5 lists the mean values whe
Page 135 and 136: Standardized residualsStandardized
Page 137 and 138: Table 2.3f. Muscle lesions.Lake Fit
Page 139 and 140: Table 4. 1f. Muscle lesions.Fitzroy
Page 141 and 142: Table 5.6. Regiona l m eans for the
Page 143 and 144: Contaminants in Tissue ofFish and C
Page 145 and 146: Contaminants in Tissue of Fish and
Page 151 and 152: Department of Science, Information
Page 159: Department of Science, Information
Page 203 and 204: Appendix E - Time line BarraBy John
Page 205 and 206: friends. Rapidly rising flood water
Page 207 and 208: To make note - condition loss was e
Page 209 and 210: May/June- FinsMy initial observatio
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Thes e escapee were now also in awo
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Figure N. Barramundi showing net ma
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September- Deaths and SicknessFigur
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There is numerous distinguishing fe
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Department of Agriculture, Fisherie
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Gladstone Fish Health Investigation 2011 - 2012 - Western Basin ...

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