Gladstone Fish Health Investigation 2011 - 2012 - Western Basin ...

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Contaminants in Tissue of o Fish and Crabs Collectedin the Gladstone Area3.4. Statistical AnalysisVery few organics were detectedd in the mudd crab hepatopancreas(the only mud crab tissueanalysed) and so these results were not analysed statistically. Statistical analysis was undertakenusing a general linearmodel (GLM) in orderr to investigate whether there weree statisticallysignificant associations between observed signs of fishhealth (seee DAFF 2012 for methodology)and measured metal concentrations in the organisms sampled. In addition, analysis of themeasured concentrations of metals and metalloids at eference sites and Gladstone harbour sitesin each tissue group sampled were undertaken. Appendix A outlines the detailed statisticalmethods and results from the statistical analysis of metal concentrations measured in themud crabhepatopancreas and Appendix B outlines the methods and resultss for the assessment off themeasured metals andmetalloids in barramundi gill andliver tissuee samples and grinner muscletissue. A sensitivity analysis was undertakenn where samples had measured m concentrations at orjust above the limit of reporting. This analysis is presented in Appendix C.Data from historical analyses of measured metal concentrations inn mud crab hepatopancreastissue expressed as dry weights were collected from the literature (Mortimer 2000; Negri et al2009) and combined with data from the current survey. A principall component analysis (PCA)(wasundertakenn on the combined dataa in order too assess whether the current c tissue samples fromGladstone had unusually high contaminantss concentrations compared to historical data from fGladstone Harbour orother catchments along the east coast of Queensland.Principal componentsanalysis (PCA) (Stevens 1986) isa multivariate statistical method. . It constructs linear combinationsof all the variates thatt maximize the t variationn containedwithin them, thereby summarising theoverall patterns and displaying most of the original variability in a smaller s number of dimensions(typically two, visualised as a scatterplot). No historical concentration data could be located forbarramundi gill and liver or grinner flesh andd so analysis of these samples s was limited tocomparison between reference and Gladstone Harbourr sites, undertaken using the GLM. The levelof statistical inferencee for all statistical analyses was taken to be 0.05.3.5.Toxicological Effects AssessmentTissue residue data from the current study were compared to dataa retrieved from theEnvironmental Residue and Effects Database (US Army Corp Engineers & USEPA 2011). Thisdatabase is sourced from the literature. It contains dataa from studies where biological effects andtissue contaminant concentrations were simultaneouslymeasuredd in the same organism. Datarelating to mortality/survival, growth and reproduction were used for the comparison.Page 7
Department of Science, Information Technology, Innovation and the Arts4. Is there a link betweenthe concentration of metalsand metalloids and organic contaminantsin tissueand animal health?4.1.4.1.1.Mud CrabOrganicsNone of the 114 organic contaminants that were analysed for weree detected in the crabhepatopancreas from samples collected in the Gladstone area, but some pesticides and somepolychlorinated biphenyls were found in samples from the reference sites. This indicatesthat theseorganic contaminantsare not contributing too the mud crab illness in the Gladstone area.4.1.2.Metals and metalloidsAnalysis ofthe concentrations off metals andd metalloidsin mud crab hepatopancreas indicated asignificantly (P≤0.05) higher mean concentration of aluminium andd selenium in diseasedd crabsthan in healthy crabs (Table 4). The mean concentration of arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium,copper, iron, nickel, mercury andsilver weree higher in diseased crab hepatopancreas, although thedifference was not significant (P> >0.05) (Table 4). The mean concentration of zinc and lead in thediseased crab hepatopancreas were lower than that found in the healthy h crabs, althoughh again thedifferenceswere not significant ( P>0.05). There was nosignificantt difference between mud crabshell disease prevalence when the mud crabb shell disease data were pooled into Gladstone sitesand reference sites (P>0.05).Andersen (2003) investigated thepotential link betweencrab lesions (shell disease) andmetalcontamination. She found no significant differences (P> >0.05) between metalss and metalloids in thehepatopancreas of diseased andhealthy mud crabs although she found a general, but notstatisticallysignificant(P>0.05) trend of elevated metal and metalloids concentrations in thehepatopancreas of diseased crabs. It shouldd be noted she did not analyse forr aluminiumm orselenium inmud crab tissue. Copper exposure experiments undertaken by Andersen (2003)indicated that copper inhibited calcium uptake into the carapace off soft shell juvenile crabs,affecting the production of the hard carapace.Page 8
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Department of Agriculture, Fisherie
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ContentsTable of tables 1Table of f
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Mullet (Mugilidae) 80Banana prawn (
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Figure 7. Barramundi caught in the
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Figure 38. Sharks caught in the Cal
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Phase 1 (August 2011-February 2012)
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The results in this study support t
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ecognised expertise and research pu
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Mr Mitchell reported high catches u
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Figure 2. Sampling sites within the
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Phase 2: Expanded Gladstone Fish He
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Mud crab (Scylla serrata): Mud crab
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For mud crabs, hepatopancreas, gill
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Table 2. The number of fish, crusta
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Significant findings and discussion
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Commercial barramundi catch and cat
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Figure 6. Eye condition observed in
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Conditions observed in barramundi s
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Figure 12. A barramundi caught in t
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provided another environmental stre
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was somewhat reduced because post-m
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4,000Commercial effort (days fished
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Size structure of mud crabs observe
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Figure 21. Examples of shell abnorm
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Of the 58 crabs observed to have sh
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HistopathologyLipid storage vacuola
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Commercial fishing effort for mulle
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Figure 28. (a) Mullet caught in Rod
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June/July: Mullet samples were coll
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Sharks and raysThe monitoring progr
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Observational findings Phase 1Phase
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Encysted larval parasites were foun
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in particular bull sharks, have bee
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Commercial banana prawn catch for t
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Observational findings Phase 2April
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Laboratory testing Phase 1Seven riv
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four displayed signs of redness. Th
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Conditions observed in pelagic fish
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FinfishObservational findingsDuring
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ConclusionsIn 2011, a wide range of
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Mud crabsFisheries Queensland did n
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Owens, L. 1983. Bopyrid isopod Epip
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Candidate speciesThe monitoring pro
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Table 1: Candidate species for each
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Sample processingSample processing
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Herring/grinner/Australian threadfi
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For example: the third specimen, re
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oooGonad - present/absentHepatopanc
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Cloudy eye,swollen,redness orhemorr
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Red pin pointmarks - nogeneral redn
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Lesion photos Description GradeThis
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L4continuedoperculumgrazing;cuts or
Page 105 and 106: Appendix A-3: Fish health assessmen
Page 107 and 108: Appendix B - Statistical report: Gl
Page 109 and 110: analyses, but this was not done for
Page 111 and 112: was a significant (P < 0.05) locati
Page 113 and 114: Percentage with fin condition > 015
Page 115 and 116: Table 3.6b. Effects of locations an
Page 117 and 118: Table 3.7d. Spleen categories - cou
Page 119 and 120: 32Bundy2Bundy1UpBoyne1UpBoyne2LwBoy
Page 121 and 122: Table 3.9c. Regional group means an
Page 123 and 124: Table 4.2c. Effects of locations an
Page 125 and 126: 4.5 Summarising by regionsThe means
Page 127 and 128: Ta ble 5.2a. Effects of locations a
Page 129 and 130: 5.5 Summarising by regionsThe means
Page 131 and 132: 6.3 ResultsThere was no significant
Page 133 and 134: Table 6.5 lists the mean values whe
Page 135 and 136: Standardized residualsStandardized
Page 137 and 138: Table 2.3f. Muscle lesions.Lake Fit
Page 139 and 140: Table 4. 1f. Muscle lesions.Fitzroy
Page 141 and 142: Table 5.6. Regiona l m eans for the
Page 143 and 144: Contaminants in Tissue ofFish and C
Page 145 and 146: Contaminants in Tissue of Fish and
Page 151 and 152: Department of Science, Information
Page 155: Department of Science, Information
Page 203 and 204: Appendix E - Time line BarraBy John
Page 205 and 206: friends. Rapidly rising flood water
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To make note - condition loss was e
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May/June- FinsMy initial observatio
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Thes e escapee were now also in awo
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Figure N. Barramundi showing net ma
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September- Deaths and SicknessFigur
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There is numerous distinguishing fe
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Department of Agriculture, Fisherie
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