Gladstone Fish Health Investigation 2011 - 2012 - Western Basin ...

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Department of Science, Information Technology, Innovation and the ArtsPrepared bySuzanne Vardy, David Mayer and Michael Warne.Water Qualityand Investigations, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment SciencesScience Delivery DivisionDepartment of Science, Information Technology, Innovation and theArtsPO Box 5078Brisbane QLD 4001© The State of Queensland(Department of Science, Information Technology, Innovation and the Arts) 2013The Queensland Government supports and encourages the dissemination and exchange of itss information. Thecopyright in this publicationis licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.00 Australia (CCC BY) licenceUnder this licence you are free, without having to seekk permission from DSITIA, to t use this publication in accordancewith the licence terms.You must keep intact the copyright notice and attribute the State ofQueensland, Department of Science, InformationTechnology, Innovation and the Arts as the source of the publication.For more information on this licence visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by//3.0/au/deed.enDisclaimerThis document has been prepared with all due diligence and care, based on the best availablee information at the time ofpublication. The department holds no responsibility for any errors or omissions within w this document. Any decisions madeby other parties based on this documentt are solely thee responsibility of those parties. Information contained in thisdocument is from a number of sources and, as such, does not necessarily represent government or departmental policy.If you need toaccess this document in a language other than English, please call the Translating and InterpretingService (TIS National) on 131 450 and ask them to telephone Library Services onn +61 7 3170 5725CitationVardy S, Mayer D and Warne M.St.J. (2013) Contaminants in tissueof fish and crabs c collectedd in the Gladstone area.Department of Science, Information Technology, Innovation and theArts. Brisbane, Queensland.Acknowledgements DSITIA would like to acknowledge the staff from Fisheries Queensland who undertookk thesampling andstaff from Biosecurity Queensland who prepared the samples for analysis.This report has been prepared by the Department of Science, Information Technology, Innovation and the Arts.May 2013
Contaminants in Tissue of Fish and Crabs Collected in the Gladstone AreaExecutive SummaryIn August 2011, the Queensland Government received reports of visibly sick barramundi occurringin the Boyne River, Gladstone. Subsequently a variety of other aquatic species were allegedlyaffected by red skin and other conditions in the Gladstone region. In January 2012 the GladstoneFish Health Scientific Advisory Panel recommended that the Queensland Government enhance theexisting investigation in order to understand the causes of fish health issues in Gladstone Harbour.Based on this recommendation the Gladstone Integrated Aquatic Investigation Program wasdeveloped by the Queensland Government and commenced in February 2012.This report outlines the results of tissue residue testing undertaken as part of the GladstoneIntegrated Aquatic Investigation Program (specifically Phase 2 of the Gladstone Fish HealthInvestigation). In order to assess any potential association between contaminants and disease, fishand crab samples were collected between late April and early May 2012, and mid-June and earlyJuly 2012. Analysis for 13 metals and metalloids was undertaken in mud crab (Scylla serrata)hepatopancreas, barramundi (Lates calcarifer) gills and liver, and grinner (Saurida sp.) muscle. Inaddition, a suite of 17 polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 57 pesticides, 8 miscellaneousorganic chemicals (including synthetic fragrances) and 32 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) wereanalysed in mud crab hepatopancreas. All results and conclusions in the current study apply onlyto the period when samples were collected.Comparison of metal and metalloid concentrations in barramundi with visible signs of disease(diseased) with visibly normal barramundi (healthy) showed no significant difference in gill or livertissue. A similar analysis of diseased crab hepatopancreas found significantly higher aluminiumand selenium levels in crabs with visible lesions. These two metals were not at elevatedconcentrations in mud crabs from Gladstone sites compared to reference sites. All grinner wereassessed as being healthy.Comparisons with historical data revealed that mud crab hepatopancreas concentrations of metalsand metalloids in the Gladstone area were similar to those found other estuaries and near-coastalsites along the east coast of Queensland. No organic contaminants were detected in mud crabhepatopancreas in Gladstone Harbour.Statistical analysis of metal and metalloid concentrations in barramundi livers from Gladstone sitescompared to reference sites showed significantly higher arsenic, cadmium, iron and zincconcentrations in the Gladstone area from one sampling trip for each metal, indicating possibleelevated exposure to these metals and metalloids. However, as the vast majority of samples hadarsenic, cadmium and zinc concentrations that were below the concentrations associated withtoxicological effects (no data were available for iron) and as there was a lack of statisticalsignificance between fish disease and metal concentration, it is unlikely that metals and metalloidsare associated with fish disease in Gladstone Harbour.Grinner tissue from Bundaberg (a reference site) had significantly higher aluminium, iron, copperand zinc concentrations compared to other sites, but there were no other significant trends.Based on the samples collected during Phase 2 of the fish health investigation, there was nostrong evidence of a link between fish health and tissue residue concentrations. There was asignificant association with crab disease and elevated levels of selenium and aluminium in both thereference sites and Gladstone sites.i
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Department of Agriculture, Fisherie
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ContentsTable of tables 1Table of f
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Mullet (Mugilidae) 80Banana prawn (
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Figure 7. Barramundi caught in the
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Figure 38. Sharks caught in the Cal
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Phase 1 (August 2011-February 2012)
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The results in this study support t
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ecognised expertise and research pu
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Mr Mitchell reported high catches u
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Figure 2. Sampling sites within the
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Phase 2: Expanded Gladstone Fish He
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Mud crab (Scylla serrata): Mud crab
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For mud crabs, hepatopancreas, gill
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Table 2. The number of fish, crusta
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Significant findings and discussion
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Commercial barramundi catch and cat
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Figure 6. Eye condition observed in
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Conditions observed in barramundi s
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Figure 12. A barramundi caught in t
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provided another environmental stre
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was somewhat reduced because post-m
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4,000Commercial effort (days fished
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Size structure of mud crabs observe
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Figure 21. Examples of shell abnorm
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Of the 58 crabs observed to have sh
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HistopathologyLipid storage vacuola
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Commercial fishing effort for mulle
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Figure 28. (a) Mullet caught in Rod
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June/July: Mullet samples were coll
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Sharks and raysThe monitoring progr
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Observational findings Phase 1Phase
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Encysted larval parasites were foun
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in particular bull sharks, have bee
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Commercial banana prawn catch for t
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Observational findings Phase 2April
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Laboratory testing Phase 1Seven riv
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four displayed signs of redness. Th
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Conditions observed in pelagic fish
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FinfishObservational findingsDuring
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ConclusionsIn 2011, a wide range of
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Mud crabsFisheries Queensland did n
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Owens, L. 1983. Bopyrid isopod Epip
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Candidate speciesThe monitoring pro
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Table 1: Candidate species for each
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Sample processingSample processing
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Herring/grinner/Australian threadfi
Page 93 and 94: For example: the third specimen, re
Page 95 and 96: oooGonad - present/absentHepatopanc
Page 97 and 98: Cloudy eye,swollen,redness orhemorr
Page 99 and 100: Red pin pointmarks - nogeneral redn
Page 101 and 102: Lesion photos Description GradeThis
Page 103 and 104: L4continuedoperculumgrazing;cuts or
Page 105 and 106: Appendix A-3: Fish health assessmen
Page 107 and 108: Appendix B - Statistical report: Gl
Page 109 and 110: analyses, but this was not done for
Page 111 and 112: was a significant (P < 0.05) locati
Page 113 and 114: Percentage with fin condition > 015
Page 115 and 116: Table 3.6b. Effects of locations an
Page 117 and 118: Table 3.7d. Spleen categories - cou
Page 119 and 120: 32Bundy2Bundy1UpBoyne1UpBoyne2LwBoy
Page 121 and 122: Table 3.9c. Regional group means an
Page 123 and 124: Table 4.2c. Effects of locations an
Page 125 and 126: 4.5 Summarising by regionsThe means
Page 127 and 128: Ta ble 5.2a. Effects of locations a
Page 129 and 130: 5.5 Summarising by regionsThe means
Page 131 and 132: 6.3 ResultsThere was no significant
Page 133 and 134: Table 6.5 lists the mean values whe
Page 135 and 136: Standardized residualsStandardized
Page 137 and 138: Table 2.3f. Muscle lesions.Lake Fit
Page 139 and 140: Table 4. 1f. Muscle lesions.Fitzroy
Page 141 and 142: Table 5.6. Regiona l m eans for the
Page 143: Contaminants in Tissue ofFish and C
Page 147 and 148: Contaminants in Tissue of Fish and
Page 149 and 150: Contaminants in Tissue of Fish and
Page 151 and 152: Department of Science, Information
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Department of Science, Information
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Appendix E - Time line BarraBy John
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friends. Rapidly rising flood water
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To make note - condition loss was e
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May/June- FinsMy initial observatio
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Thes e escapee were now also in awo
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Figure N. Barramundi showing net ma
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September- Deaths and SicknessFigur
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There is numerous distinguishing fe
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Department of Agriculture, Fisherie
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