Contents - LAC Biosafety

More documents

Recommendations

Info

K. S. S. NAIR Formerly Head, Division of Entomology and Director Kerala Forest Research Institute Peechi, Kerala, India Tropical Forest Insect Pests Ecology, Impact, and Management
Page 2: This page intentionally left blank
Page 10: CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridg
Page 16: Contents List of illustrations ix P
Page 20: Illustrations 1.1 Distribution of t
Page 24: List of Illustrations xi 10.19 Cras
Page 28: Preface This book has grown out of
Page 32: Preface xv information in this chap
Page 36: Foreword This book forms a comprehe
Page 40: 1 Forestry in the tropics 1.1 Intro
Page 44: 1.2 The tropics 1.2 The tropics 3 A
Page 48: Table 1.1. (cont.) Africa Asia-Paci
Page 52: genus Eucalyptus. Africa is general
Page 56:
present at a density of less than o
Page 60:
tropical forest canopies into disti
Page 64:
Table 1.2. The major types of tropi
Page 68:
many valuable species like sandal (
Page 72:
which is expected to grow to maturi
Page 76:
1.5 Plantation forestry For timber
Page 80:
Fig. 1.5 Growth of tropical forest
Page 84:
Table 1.3. Major plantation tree sp
Page 88:
latex for rubber (several countries
Page 92:
choice of species. Thus large-scale
Page 96:
Drugs: Thousands of chemical compou
Page 100:
Establishment of plantations in pla
Page 104:
2 An overview of tropical forest in
Page 108:
forest insect pest problems in Indo
Page 112:
Paraneoptera Psocoptera bark lice 4
Page 116:
2.2 The diversity of tropical fores
Page 120:
on the ground, humus and soil. Ther
Page 124:
ole in the ecology of tropical fore
Page 128:
Order Isoptera (termites) Termites
Page 132:
For example, out of 295 species of
Page 136:
Asphondyla tectonae (Diptera: Cecid
Page 140:
2.3 The concept of pests 51 Insects
Page 144:
Table 2.4. (cont.) Plant part eaten
Page 148:
Table 2.4. (cont.) Plant part eaten
Page 152:
3 Ecology of insects in the forest
Page 156:
3.1 The concept and functioning of
Page 160:
3.2 Role of insects in ecosystem pr
Page 164:
that while only 30 dry g/m 2 per ye
Page 168:
Table 3.1. Insects and collembolans
Page 172:
Table 3.2. A short list of seed/fru
Page 176:
Page 180:
(Hill, 1997). In some parts of Indo
Page 184:
Page 188:
Page 192:
Page 196:
4.1 Introduction 79 single species
Page 200:
4.2 Empirical findings 81 Fig. 4.1
Page 204:
Dirzo (1982) reported that in a stu
Page 208:
where the outbreak was observed. Th
Page 212:
Falcataria moluccana in Indonesia (
Page 216:
the infestation had affected over 8
Page 220:
4.3 Discussion and conclusion 91 So
Page 224:
5 Insect pests in plantations: Gene
Page 228:
Fig. 5.1 Whitegrub, larva of a scar
Page 232:
Several species of grasshoppers (Or
Page 236:
Table 5.1. Scolytine beetles attack
Page 240:
Table 5.2. Overview of the number o
Page 244:
5.4 Pests of older plantations 103
Page 248:
The damage caused by insects ranges
Page 252:
6.2.2 Beetles Beetles consume wood
Page 256:
the tunnel (e.g. Stromatium barbatu
Page 260:
6.2 Categories of wood-destroying i
Page 264:
Page 268:
Page 272:
Bostrichids are generally very poly
Page 276:
7 Population dynamics: What makes a
Page 280:
large numbers. In the simplest sens
Page 284:
of the air, pollutants, electromagn
Page 288:
abundant prey and recruit other mem
Page 292:
7.4 Principles governing population
Page 296:
7.5 Types of forest insect outbreak
Page 300:
As Berryman (1999) himself observes
Page 304:
7.6 Causes of forest insect outbrea
Page 308:
feeding with no significant impact
Page 312:
8.2 Do plantations suffer greater p
Page 316:
although all three mechanisms might
Page 320:
and Laos, although it does not occu
Page 324:
Table 8.2. Comparison between the n
Page 328:
8.3 Pest problems of indigenous vs.
Page 332:
the hypothesis under consideration
Page 336:
Contrary to the general trend, abou
Page 340:
plantation is an unjustified oversi
Page 344:
8.4 Pest problems in monocultures v
Page 348:
9.2 Historical development and pres
Page 352:
interacting factors are involved in
Page 356:
esurgence of secondary pests and th
Page 360:
9.3 Overview of pest management opt
Page 364:
insects, and laboratory trials have
Page 368:
9.3 Overview of pest management opt
Page 372:
development of Bt toxin resistance
Page 376:
9.4 Unique features of forest pest
Page 380:
in most cases, due to paucity of re
Page 384:
9.5 Constraints to forest pest mana
Page 388:
educe pest problems by keeping the
Page 392:
past, defoliation does not usually
Page 396:
although the heartwood of some tree
Page 400:
9.6 Guidelines for the practice of
Page 404:
10 Insect pests in plantations: Cas
Page 408:
Santoso, 1990; Natawiria, 1990). Th
Page 412:
Table 10.1. Important insects causi
Page 416:
Rwanda and Burundi) with 30 000 ha,
Page 420:
Page 424:
Pest profile Celosterna scabrator F
Page 428:
should be restricted to localities
Page 432:
A. robusta in Queensland, but is of
Page 436:
10.3 Ailanthus species (Simaroubace
Page 440:
Pest profile Eligma narcissus Crame
Page 444:
(Varma, 1986). Other parasitoids in
Page 448:
Page 452:
10.4 Bamboos (Poaceae) 207 C. dichr
Page 456:
ornamental, this nitrogen-fixing tr
Page 460:
10.5.2 Casuarina junghuhniana Tree
Page 464:
it pupates. The galleries, 50-75 cm
Page 468:
10.6 Dalbergia species (Fabaceae: F
Page 472:
10.6 Dalbergia species (Fabaceae: F
Page 476:
Overview of pests 10.7 Eucalyptus s
Page 480:
Page 484:
10.7 Eucalyptus species (Myrtaceae)
Page 488:
serious pest outbreaks are exceptio
Page 492:
Page 496:
Page 500:
places in India (Table 10.8). All t
Page 504:
Page 508:
Page 512:
(CABI, 2005). The bole is generally
Page 516:
(Irianto et al., 1997). The bark-fe
Page 520:
10.8 Falcataria moluccana (Fabaceae
Page 524:
clusters of Xystrocera spp. Researc
Page 528:
Page 532:
Page 536:
(Nair and Mathew, 1988). The ichneu
Page 540:
Table 10.10. Important insects caus
Page 544:
Myanmar and Thailand. The cerambyci
Page 548:
10.9 Gmelina arborea (Lamiaceae) 25
Page 552:
Pest profile Tingis beesoni Drake (
Page 556:
estate crops, erosion control, nitr
Page 560:
10.10 Leucaena leucocephala (Fabace
Page 564:
Page 568:
Page 572:
Page 576:
10.11 Manglietia conifera (Magnolia
Page 580:
10.12 Milicia species (Moraceae) 27
Page 584:
malabaricus (see pest profile under
Page 588:
(Nair, 2000). Suratmo (1996) observ
Page 592:
Apart from the above groups of majo
Page 596:
10.14 Pinus species (Pinaceae) 279
Page 600:
Page 604:
Page 608:
Page 612:
Africa where these conifers had bee
Page 616:
10.15 Shorea species (Dipterocarpac
Page 620:
Page 624:
Table 10.12. Chronology of sal bore
Page 628:
Page 632:
density above this level is reckone
Page 636:
Page 640:
etween the three species are not cl
Page 644:
10.16 Swietenia species (Meliaceae)
Page 648:
Page 652:
Page 656:
indigenous or not. The natural teak
Page 660:
globular, multilocular galls that c
Page 664:
10.17 Tectona grandis (Lamiaceae) 3
Page 668:
Table 10.14. Recorded world distrib
Page 672:
Page 676:
Page 680:
Page 684:
Page 688:
Page 692:
Page 696:
Page 700:
Page 704:
Page 708:
Page 712:
Page 716:
Page 720:
Page 724:
Page 728:
Knowledge gaps Although removing th
Page 732:
Page 736:
Page 740:
Page 744:
within the plantation, which is unc
Page 748:
References 355 Andrews, W. A. (ed.)
Page 752:
References 357 Bhandari, R. S. and
Page 756:
References 359 Chaiglom, D. (1966).
Page 760:
References 361 ed. I. Soerianegara,
Page 764:
References 363 Flamm, R. O., Coulso
Page 768:
References 365 Gupta, T. and Guleri
Page 772:
References 367 Intari, S. E. (1975)
Page 776:
References 369 Khan, M. A. and Ahma
Page 780:
References 371 Mangoendihardjo, S.,
Page 784:
References 373 May, R. M. (1994). P
Page 788:
References 375 Nair, K. S. S. (1986
Page 792:
References 377 Environments, ed. A.
Page 796:
References 379 Parry, M. S. (1959).
Page 800:
References 381 Rees, C. J. C. (1983
Page 804:
References 383 Sankaran, K. V., Moh
Page 808:
References 385 Singh, P. and Thapa,
Page 812:
References 387 Sudheendrakumar, V.
Page 816:
References 389 Turchin, P. (1995).
Page 820:
References 391 Whitmore, T. C. (199
Page 824:
Index Abbreviations: Fig ¼ Figure;
Page 828:
predators/parasitoids 50, 62-3 timb
Page 832:
distribution 290, 292, Fig 10.27 li
Page 836:
monocultures, pest incidence 140-2,
Page 840:
exotic species 25-7, 31, 32 insect
Page 844:
sapling pests 99-100 tree profile 3
show all

Contents - LAC Biosafety

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?