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252 Insect pests in plantations: case studies Table 10.10. (cont.) Category Exotic plantations Species name, order and family Xyleutes ceramicus (Lepidoptera: Cossidae) Glena indiana (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) Acalolepta rusticator (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) Root feeders Coptotermes curvignathus (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) Nasutitermes costalis (Isoptera: Termitidae) Defoliators Ozola minor (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) Dichocrocis megillalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Pionea aureolalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Pleuroptya (Sylepta) balteata (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Archips sp. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Spilosoma maculata (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) Bark feeders Acalolepta cervina (syn. Dihammus cervinus) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) Stem borers Alcidodes ludificator (syn. Alcides gmelinae) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Prionoxystus sp. (Lpidoptera: Cossidae) Xyleutes ceramicus (Lepidoptera: Cossidae) Countries of occurrence Remarks Thailand, Myanmar India, Myanmar, Thailand India, Malaysia Malaysia On saplings Cuba On saplings Philippines Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Nigeria Malaysia Indonesia On green shoots of saplings Indonesia Mostly on saplings Malaysia
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K. S. S. NAIR Formerly Head, Divisi
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Dedication Dedicated to: Late Profe
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viii Contents Casuarina species 208
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x List of Illustrations 6.6 Stored,
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xii List of Illustrations 10.43 Dam
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xiv Preface conventional equilibriu
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xvi Preface Forestry Research Organ
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xviii Foreword global theoretical u
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2 Forestry in the tropics While tro
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4 Forestry in the tropics differenc
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6 Forestry in the tropics Fig. 1.1
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14 Forestry in the tropics value, d
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16 Forestry in the tropics with the
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18 Forestry in the tropics seem ine
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20 Forestry in the tropics Ethiopia
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22 Forestry in the tropics and the
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24 Forestry in the tropics Acacia,
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26 Forestry in the tropics tree whe
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28 Forestry in the tropics Box 1.1
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30 Forestry in the tropics forest n
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32 Forestry in the tropics there is
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34 An overview of tropical forest i
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Table 2.1. Classification of insect
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58 Ecology of insects in the forest
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4 Insect pests in natural forests 4
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80 Insect pests in natural forests
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94 Insect pests in plantations: gen
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100 Insect pests in plantations: ge
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102 Insect pests in plantations: ge
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6 Insect pests of stored timber 6.1
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106 Insect pests of stored timber S
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108 Insect pests of stored timber F
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110 Insect pests of stored timber T
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114 Insect pests of stored timber T
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116 Insect pests of stored timber i
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120 Population dynamics: what makes
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8 Some general issues in forest ent
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136 Some general issues in forest e
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Table 8.3. Comparative pest inciden
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9 Management of tropical forest ins
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156 Management of tropical forest i
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184 Insect pests in plantations: ca
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Apart from the above groups of majo
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10.14 Pinus species (Pinaceae) 279
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Africa where these conifers had bee
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10.15 Shorea species (Dipterocarpac
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Table 10.12. Chronology of sal bore
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density above this level is reckone
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etween the three species are not cl
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10.16 Swietenia species (Meliaceae)
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indigenous or not. The natural teak
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globular, multilocular galls that c
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10.17 Tectona grandis (Lamiaceae) 3
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Table 10.14. Recorded world distrib
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Knowledge gaps Although removing th
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within the plantation, which is unc
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References 355 Andrews, W. A. (ed.)
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References 357 Bhandari, R. S. and
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References 359 Chaiglom, D. (1966).
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References 361 ed. I. Soerianegara,
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References 363 Flamm, R. O., Coulso
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References 365 Gupta, T. and Guleri
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References 367 Intari, S. E. (1975)
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References 369 Khan, M. A. and Ahma
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References 371 Mangoendihardjo, S.,
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References 373 May, R. M. (1994). P
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References 375 Nair, K. S. S. (1986
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References 377 Environments, ed. A.
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References 379 Parry, M. S. (1959).
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References 381 Rees, C. J. C. (1983
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References 383 Sankaran, K. V., Moh
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References 385 Singh, P. and Thapa,
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References 387 Sudheendrakumar, V.
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References 389 Turchin, P. (1995).
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References 391 Whitmore, T. C. (199
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Index Abbreviations: Fig ¼ Figure;
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predators/parasitoids 50, 62-3 timb
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distribution 290, 292, Fig 10.27 li
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monocultures, pest incidence 140-2,
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exotic species 25-7, 31, 32 insect
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sapling pests 99-100 tree profile 3
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