Contents - LAC Biosafety

Illustrations
1.1 Distribution of the world’s tropical forests. 6
1.2 Relationship between number of tree species and latitude.
(Reproduced, with slight modification, from Annals of the Missouri
Botanical Garden. (Gentry, 1988)) 8
1.3 Profile diagram of a tropical evergreen forest. 10
1.4 Gap-phase dynamics in tropical evergreen forest. 12
1.5 Growth of tropical forest plantations. 21
2.1 The diversity of insect orders. (Modified from Illinois Natural History
Survey Circular 39. (Ross, 1962)) 39
3.1 A generalized model of ecosystem. 58
3.2 The nitrogen cycle. 60
3.3 Food relationships among the major litter-inhabiting organisms.
(Adapted from Ananthakrishnan, 1996.) 66
3.4 A passalid beetle Pleurarina brachyphyllus. 69
3.5 The elephant dung beetle Heliocopris dominus. 70
4.1 Pest incidence in natural forest in Kerala, India. 81
4.2 Spatial pattern of defoliation of Quararibea asterolepis trees, caused by
the caterpillar Eulepidotis superior. 84
5.1 Whitegrub, larva of a scarabaeid beetle. 95
5.2 Cutworm, larva of a noctuid moth. 96
5.3 The bug Helopeltis antonii. 98
6.1 Some representative cerambycid wood borers; Stromatium barbatum,
Batocera rufomaculata, Xylotrechus sp. and Plocaederus ferrugineus. 108
6.2 A buprestid wood borer, Belinota prasina: adult and larva. 111
6.3 Gallery system of the bark beetle Scolytus major. 112
6.4 Gallery system of the platypodine beetle Diacavus furtiva. 115
6.5 Some bostrichid wood borers: Sinoxylon anale, Heterobostrychus aequalis,
and Dinoderus minutus. 117
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