Contents - LAC Biosafety

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Table 2.1. Classification of insects (class: Insecta) a Group Group Group Order Common names Number of species Primitively wingless insects Archeognatha bristletails 500 Zygentoma silverfish 400 Pterygota Paleoptera Ephemeroptera mayflies 3 100 Odonata dragonflies, damselflies 5 500 Neoptera Polyneoptera Dermaptera earwigs 2 000 Grylloblattodea ice crawlers 26 Mantophasmatodea rock crawlers 15 Plecoptera stoneflies 2 000 Embiodea web spinners 500 Zoraptera 32 Phasmatodea stick insects, leaf insects 3 000 Orthoptera crickets, grasshoppers 20 000 Mantodea mantises 1 800 Blattaria cockroaches 4 000 Isoptera termites 2 900
Page 2:
This page intentionally left blank
Page 8:
K. S. S. NAIR Formerly Head, Divisi
Page 12:
Dedication Dedicated to: Late Profe
Page 18:
viii Contents Casuarina species 208
Page 22:
x List of Illustrations 6.6 Stored,
Page 26:
xii List of Illustrations 10.43 Dam
Page 30:
xiv Preface conventional equilibriu
Page 34:
xvi Preface Forestry Research Organ
Page 38:
xviii Foreword global theoretical u
Page 42:
2 Forestry in the tropics While tro
Page 46:
4 Forestry in the tropics differenc
Page 50:
6 Forestry in the tropics Fig. 1.1
Page 54:
8 Forestry in the tropics Fig. 1.2
Page 58: 10 Forestry in the tropics Fig. 1.3
Page 62: 12 Forestry in the tropics Fig. 1.4
Page 66: 14 Forestry in the tropics value, d
Page 70: 16 Forestry in the tropics with the
Page 74: 18 Forestry in the tropics seem ine
Page 78: 20 Forestry in the tropics Ethiopia
Page 82: 22 Forestry in the tropics and the
Page 86: 24 Forestry in the tropics Acacia,
Page 90: 26 Forestry in the tropics tree whe
Page 94: 28 Forestry in the tropics Box 1.1
Page 98: 30 Forestry in the tropics forest n
Page 102: 32 Forestry in the tropics there is
Page 106: 34 An overview of tropical forest i
Page 112: Paraneoptera Psocoptera bark lice 4
Page 116: 2.2 The diversity of tropical fores
Page 120: on the ground, humus and soil. Ther
Page 124: ole in the ecology of tropical fore
Page 128: Order Isoptera (termites) Termites
Page 132: For example, out of 295 species of
Page 136: Asphondyla tectonae (Diptera: Cecid
Page 140: 2.3 The concept of pests 51 Insects
Page 144: Table 2.4. (cont.) Plant part eaten
Page 148: Table 2.4. (cont.) Plant part eaten
Page 152: 3 Ecology of insects in the forest
Page 156: 3.1 The concept and functioning of
Page 160:
3.2 Role of insects in ecosystem pr
Page 164:
that while only 30 dry g/m 2 per ye
Page 168:
Table 3.1. Insects and collembolans
Page 172:
Table 3.2. A short list of seed/fru
Page 176:
Page 180:
(Hill, 1997). In some parts of Indo
Page 184:
Page 188:
Page 192:
Page 196:
4.1 Introduction 79 single species
Page 200:
4.2 Empirical findings 81 Fig. 4.1
Page 204:
Dirzo (1982) reported that in a stu
Page 208:
where the outbreak was observed. Th
Page 212:
Falcataria moluccana in Indonesia (
Page 216:
the infestation had affected over 8
Page 220:
4.3 Discussion and conclusion 91 So
Page 224:
5 Insect pests in plantations: Gene
Page 228:
Fig. 5.1 Whitegrub, larva of a scar
Page 232:
Several species of grasshoppers (Or
Page 236:
Table 5.1. Scolytine beetles attack
Page 240:
Table 5.2. Overview of the number o
Page 244:
5.4 Pests of older plantations 103
Page 248:
The damage caused by insects ranges
Page 252:
6.2.2 Beetles Beetles consume wood
Page 256:
the tunnel (e.g. Stromatium barbatu
Page 260:
6.2 Categories of wood-destroying i
Page 264:
Page 268:
Page 272:
Bostrichids are generally very poly
Page 276:
7 Population dynamics: What makes a
Page 280:
large numbers. In the simplest sens
Page 284:
of the air, pollutants, electromagn
Page 288:
abundant prey and recruit other mem
Page 292:
7.4 Principles governing population
Page 296:
7.5 Types of forest insect outbreak
Page 300:
As Berryman (1999) himself observes
Page 304:
7.6 Causes of forest insect outbrea
Page 308:
feeding with no significant impact
Page 312:
8.2 Do plantations suffer greater p
Page 316:
although all three mechanisms might
Page 320:
and Laos, although it does not occu
Page 324:
Table 8.2. Comparison between the n
Page 328:
8.3 Pest problems of indigenous vs.
Page 332:
the hypothesis under consideration
Page 336:
Contrary to the general trend, abou
Page 340:
plantation is an unjustified oversi
Page 344:
8.4 Pest problems in monocultures v
Page 348:
9.2 Historical development and pres
Page 352:
interacting factors are involved in
Page 356:
esurgence of secondary pests and th
Page 360:
9.3 Overview of pest management opt
Page 364:
insects, and laboratory trials have
Page 368:
9.3 Overview of pest management opt
Page 372:
development of Bt toxin resistance
Page 376:
9.4 Unique features of forest pest
Page 380:
in most cases, due to paucity of re
Page 384:
9.5 Constraints to forest pest mana
Page 388:
educe pest problems by keeping the
Page 392:
past, defoliation does not usually
Page 396:
although the heartwood of some tree
Page 400:
9.6 Guidelines for the practice of
Page 404:
10 Insect pests in plantations: Cas
Page 408:
Santoso, 1990; Natawiria, 1990). Th
Page 412:
Table 10.1. Important insects causi
Page 416:
Rwanda and Burundi) with 30 000 ha,
Page 420:
Page 424:
Pest profile Celosterna scabrator F
Page 428:
should be restricted to localities
Page 432:
A. robusta in Queensland, but is of
Page 436:
10.3 Ailanthus species (Simaroubace
Page 440:
Pest profile Eligma narcissus Crame
Page 444:
(Varma, 1986). Other parasitoids in
Page 448:
Page 452:
10.4 Bamboos (Poaceae) 207 C. dichr
Page 456:
ornamental, this nitrogen-fixing tr
Page 460:
10.5.2 Casuarina junghuhniana Tree
Page 464:
it pupates. The galleries, 50-75 cm
Page 468:
10.6 Dalbergia species (Fabaceae: F
Page 472:
10.6 Dalbergia species (Fabaceae: F
Page 476:
Overview of pests 10.7 Eucalyptus s
Page 480:
Page 484:
10.7 Eucalyptus species (Myrtaceae)
Page 488:
serious pest outbreaks are exceptio
Page 492:
Page 496:
Page 500:
places in India (Table 10.8). All t
Page 504:
Page 508:
Page 512:
(CABI, 2005). The bole is generally
Page 516:
(Irianto et al., 1997). The bark-fe
Page 520:
10.8 Falcataria moluccana (Fabaceae
Page 524:
clusters of Xystrocera spp. Researc
Page 528:
Page 532:
Page 536:
(Nair and Mathew, 1988). The ichneu
Page 540:
Table 10.10. Important insects caus
Page 544:
Myanmar and Thailand. The cerambyci
Page 548:
10.9 Gmelina arborea (Lamiaceae) 25
Page 552:
Pest profile Tingis beesoni Drake (
Page 556:
estate crops, erosion control, nitr
Page 560:
10.10 Leucaena leucocephala (Fabace
Page 564:
Page 568:
Page 572:
Page 576:
10.11 Manglietia conifera (Magnolia
Page 580:
10.12 Milicia species (Moraceae) 27
Page 584:
malabaricus (see pest profile under
Page 588:
(Nair, 2000). Suratmo (1996) observ
Page 592:
Apart from the above groups of majo
Page 596:
10.14 Pinus species (Pinaceae) 279
Page 600:
Page 604:
Page 608:
Page 612:
Africa where these conifers had bee
Page 616:
10.15 Shorea species (Dipterocarpac
Page 620:
Page 624:
Table 10.12. Chronology of sal bore
Page 628:
Page 632:
density above this level is reckone
Page 636:
Page 640:
etween the three species are not cl
Page 644:
10.16 Swietenia species (Meliaceae)
Page 648:
Page 652:
Page 656:
indigenous or not. The natural teak
Page 660:
globular, multilocular galls that c
Page 664:
10.17 Tectona grandis (Lamiaceae) 3
Page 668:
Table 10.14. Recorded world distrib
Page 672:
Page 676:
Page 680:
Page 684:
Page 688:
Page 692:
Page 696:
Page 700:
Page 704:
Page 708:
Page 712:
Page 716:
Page 720:
Page 724:
Page 728:
Knowledge gaps Although removing th
Page 732:
Page 736:
Page 740:
Page 744:
within the plantation, which is unc
Page 748:
References 355 Andrews, W. A. (ed.)
Page 752:
References 357 Bhandari, R. S. and
Page 756:
References 359 Chaiglom, D. (1966).
Page 760:
References 361 ed. I. Soerianegara,
Page 764:
References 363 Flamm, R. O., Coulso
Page 768:
References 365 Gupta, T. and Guleri
Page 772:
References 367 Intari, S. E. (1975)
Page 776:
References 369 Khan, M. A. and Ahma
Page 780:
References 371 Mangoendihardjo, S.,
Page 784:
References 373 May, R. M. (1994). P
Page 788:
References 375 Nair, K. S. S. (1986
Page 792:
References 377 Environments, ed. A.
Page 796:
References 379 Parry, M. S. (1959).
Page 800:
References 381 Rees, C. J. C. (1983
Page 804:
References 383 Sankaran, K. V., Moh
Page 808:
References 385 Singh, P. and Thapa,
Page 812:
References 387 Sudheendrakumar, V.
Page 816:
References 389 Turchin, P. (1995).
Page 820:
References 391 Whitmore, T. C. (199
Page 824:
Index Abbreviations: Fig ¼ Figure;
Page 828:
predators/parasitoids 50, 62-3 timb
Page 832:
distribution 290, 292, Fig 10.27 li
Page 836:
monocultures, pest incidence 140-2,
Page 840:
exotic species 25-7, 31, 32 insect
Page 844:
sapling pests 99-100 tree profile 3
show all

Contents - LAC Biosafety

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?