IPCC Report.pdf - Adam Curry

IndexDemographic changes, 80, 234-235Desertification, 190, 402DesInventar database, 423-424Developed countrieseconomic/disaster losses in, 9, 234, 265mainstreaming, 356-357urban capacities, 460vulnerability, 78, 265Developing countriesadaptation costs, 412, 412adaptation funding, 406-407, 411, 413disaster preparedness, 369economic/disaster losses in, 9, 234, 265, 269-270,400infrastructure, 367-368insurance (case study), 522-525macroeconomic issues, 344, 412mainstreaming, 357urban capacities, 460vulnerability, 77-78, 265, 269, 441Development, 10, 11, 27disaster risk and, 10, 27-28, 265-266extreme events/impacts and, 265-266international, 410land use changes and, 238planning, 439, 443-444, 460-461post-disaster, 293, 439setbacks, 410skewed, exposure/vulnerability and, 10, 67, 70sustainability and, 20, 437-486values and interests in, 440, 446-447vulnerability and, 67, 70, 78-80, 265See also Sustainable developmentDevelopment pathwaysdisaster risk and, 27, 293global, 10, 396vulnerability/exposure and, 78-80Dhaka, 252, 461, 511Diarrhea, 252, 297, 506Dikes/levees, 11, 52, 55, 68, 305Direct losses, 264, 266, 317Disaster[*], 27, 31, 39-44cycle, 35defined, 5, 31, 237humanitarian relief for, 10, 293, 299-300impacts of, 31, 32, 42weather/climate related to, 115-122Disaster costs, 264-274, 270, 271, 272Disaster databases, 364, 423-424Disaster Deficit Index (DDI), 93Disaster losses, 9, 11-16See also Economic losses/impactsDisaster management[*], 35Disaster mitigation, 36Disaster preparedness, 36, 364-366, 376-377Disaster prevention, 36, 69Disaster Reduction Hyperbase, 415Disaster risk[*], 10, 25-64concept/relationships, 31-32, 31, 44, 444continuum, 35, 69defined, 5development and, 27-28future, anticipating and responding to, 302increase in, 29, 405risk accumulation, 95-96Disaster risk management (DRM)[*], 16-20,291-435adaptation and, 37-39, 47-48, 295, 408-409,443-462allocation of efforts, 44-50bottom up mechanisms, 396challenges and opportunities, 46-47, 302, 313climate change and, 27-28, 46-47, 49, 375-380,376-377climate variability and, 297community participation, 28, 295, 300context, 4-7, 4coordination, 342, 356corrective, 36costs of, 317-319cycle, 35defined, 5, 34effective strategies, 17, 27, 67, 342, 439-440effectiveness, assessment of, 375-377implementation, national level, 341-342information and, 421-425integration with adaptation, 11, 28, 50, 355-357,396-397, 425-427, 439, 450-454, 469-471international level, 393-435legislation, 342, 358, 359, 519-522local knowledge and, 293, 311-312local level, 291-338mainstreaming, 348, 355-357, 380national level, 339-392options/strategies, 6, 16-20, 18-19, 320-323,439-440past experience, 10-11policies and options, 352-354, 361prospective, 36public policies/components, 89-90sector-based strategies, 352-354, 357short- and long-term responses, 450-454synergies with adaptation, 36, 48-50, 68, 357,469-471top down mechanisms, 396tradeoffs in, 20, 439-440, 448-450See also Risk managementDisaster risk reduction (DRR)[*], 34, 366-371as adaptation, 237, 443-446adaptation and, 423-424community/local knowledge and, 28ecosystem-based solutions, 343integration with adaptation, 396-397international level, 396-397, 403-425investment in, 529post-disaster recovery/reconstruction, 293, 301,315, 439short-term strategies, 305-306sustainable land management, 293technical and operational support, 409-410Discounting, 268, 319, 376Disease, 252, 259, 410, 507-510Disease vectors, 252, 253, 259, 316, 506Displaced people/refugees, 80-81, 238, 457international refugee law, 396, 402, 412Displacement, 80-81, 300-301Distributionof climate variables, 40, 41, 121, 130probability distribution, 40, 41, 116-117, 117, 121Diversity, cultural, 84-85, 456See also BiodiversityDownscaling[*], 129-131, 133, 147, 416Driversof capacity, 76of disaster risk, 10of economic losses, 16, 235underlying, need to address, 20, 425, 440, 470of vulnerability, 70-72, 379Drought[*], 167-175agricultural impacts, 247, 252attribution of, 171-172, 174-175case study, 498-500defined, 167-169drivers of, 168ecosystem impacts, 246, 252impacts, 242indicators/indices, 168-169, 242, 245management/adaptation options, 19megadroughts, paleoclimatic, 170observed changes, 8, 19, 119, 170-171, 174projected changes, 19, 113-114, 119, 172-175,173, 191-195, 242regional impacts, 253, 255, 256, 259, 260-261, 264regional projections, 191-195socioeconomic impacts, 238-239technological management, 415Dust storms, 190, 254Dynamical downscaling, 129-130, 133, 147Dzud, 500-502EEarly warning systems[*], 303-304, 342, 364-366,405, 416-417case study, 517-519Heat Warning System, 495strategy of, 517-519Economic costs of disasters, 264-274See also Costs; Economic losses/impactsEconomic efficiency, 399-400, 420Economic growth, 445Economic losses/impacts, 9, 234, 264-274assessment of, 269-273attribution of, 268-269developed vs developing countries, 234, 265direct, indirect, intangible, 264, 266, 317Disaster Deficit Index (DDI), 93drivers of, 16, 235exposure and, 9, 16, 234-235, 269, 273global and regional, 269-271, 270, 271, 272, 441percent of GDP, 234, 270, 344, 441Probable Maximum Loss (PML), 93projected changes, 16top-down vs. bottom-up approach, 266-267types of, 264See also CostsEconomic vulnerability, 86-87Ecosystem-based adaptation, 343, 352, 357,370-371, 371, 445-446Ecosystem management and restoration, 294,306-307, 315, 404Ecosystem services, 370, 370, 445-446Ecosystems, 231-290DRM and adaptation, 343, 352, 370-371impacts, 244-246local management/protection, 294, 306-307, 315reproduction, climate extremes and, 238Education, 364-366, 526-529case study, 526-529vulnerability/exposure, 81-82Efficiency, 399-400, 420El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)[*], 155-157,255, 459observed changes, 119, 155-156projected changes, 15-16, 113, 119, 156-157El Salvador, 504, 520Elderly, 454Electrical networks, 257, 307576