IPCC Report.pdf - Adam Curry

Managing the Risks from Climate Extremes at the Local LevelChapter 5Table of ContentsExecutive Summary .................................................................................................................................2935.1. Introduction: Why the Local is Important ................................................................................2965.2. How Local Places Currently Cope with Disaster Risk ..............................................................2985.2.1. Emergency Assistance and Disaster Relief ......................................................................................................................2995.2.2. Population Movements ....................................................................................................................................................3005.2.3. Recovery and Reconstruction...........................................................................................................................................3015.3. Anticipating and Responding to Future Disaster Risk.............................................................3025.3.1. Communicating Risk.........................................................................................................................................................3025.3.1.1. Message Design................................................................................................................................................................................3025.3.1.2. Modes and Timing of Risk Communication ......................................................................................................................................3025.3.1.3. Warnings and Warning Systems........................................................................................................................................................3035.3.2. Structural Measures .........................................................................................................................................................3045.3.3. Land Use and Ecosystem Protection ................................................................................................................................3065.3.4. Storage and Rationing of Resources ...............................................................................................................................3075.4. Building Capacity at the Local Level for Risk Management in a Changing Climate...............3085.4.1. Proactive Behaviors and Protective Actions ....................................................................................................................3085.4.2. Empowerment for Local Decisionmaking ........................................................................................................................3105.4.3. Social Drivers ...................................................................................................................................................................3105.4.4. Integrating Local Knowledge...........................................................................................................................................3115.4.5. Local Government and Nongovernment Initiatives and Practices ..................................................................................3125.5. Challenges and Opportunities..................................................................................................3135.5.1. Differences in Coping and Risk Management..................................................................................................................3135.5.1.1. Gender, Age, and Wealth ..................................................................................................................................................................3135.5.1.2. Livelihoods and Entitlements............................................................................................................................................................3145.5.1.3. Health and Disability ........................................................................................................................................................................3165.5.1.4. Human Settlements ..........................................................................................................................................................................3165.5.2. Costs of Managing Disaster Risk and Risk from Climate Extremes ................................................................................3175.5.2.1. Costs of Impacts, Costs of Post-Event Responses .............................................................................................................................3175.5.2.2. Adaptation and Risk Management – Present and Future.................................................................................................................3185.5.2.3. Consistency and Reliability of Cost and Loss Estimations at the Local Level ...................................................................................3185.5.3. Limits to Local Adaptation...............................................................................................................................................3195.5.4. Advancing Social and Environmental Justice...................................................................................................................3205.6. Management Strategies...........................................................................................................3205.6.1. Basics of Planning in a Changing Climate .......................................................................................................................3205.6.2. Community-Based Adaptation .........................................................................................................................................3215.6.3. Risk Sharing and Transfer at the Local Level...................................................................................................................3215.6.4. A Transformative Framework for Management Strategies .............................................................................................3235.7. Information, Data, and Research Gaps at the Local Level ......................................................3235.8. Summary...................................................................................................................................325References ...............................................................................................................................................326292