r - part - usaid

village reservoixs (war) 1s a cornunity activity, directed and
organized by eitbar a separate committee, sametimas referred to
as a yoqur, or a sub-cormafttee of the village committee (the
a;tai). The responsibility for the management of the war is
divided between a saaaala who schedules peoples access to the
water, and a sabta (tbe "gate of the warsg), who enforces the
rules, and can impose fines. Both the sagaale and the gobta
aaintain the fencing arou~d the war and arrange for strangers to
use the war. They also negotiate for the use of neighboring
w s when theirs is dry, The gobta settles disputes related to
the use of the war and may be assisted in this by the sagaale.
The person who awns the land on which the war is dug (the
-) is recognized to have authority over it, and may also
participate in management decisions and the adjudication of
disputes. Rights to collect water from tha nar are, however,
shared by all meiabers of the village who help maintain it. They
are referred to as fatiir. The failure to perfarm the work
needed to maintain the war is punishable by a combination of
fines and the withdrawl of water rights. Putman (1985:237)
reports that the fine Is often a three year old oxen.
Wars are sometimes used by persons from outside the villa,
including residents of nearby hamlets and strangers. Mutual
arrangements are often made among residents of neighboring
villages. According to Haslem law, no one in need and passing
through the area can be refused water. The length of time this
free access is granted, however, will vary with the season and
the amaunt of water available.
The proposed strategy for the management af CDeP wells
incorporates the key features of the traditional wax system.
The major differences are the multi-village, "comrmunityM well
committees, and locally recruited p~mp operators who are WDA
employees. While local participation during the drilling and
construction stages was high in villages where the CGDP
organized community committees, WDA has not allowed full village
participation in the management of diesel pup wells. The
committees do, however, continue to take some part in the
maintenance of the enclosures and tanks, and help control people
and aninals during periods of high demand.
3.1.7, Selection of Drilling Sites
Another output c2 the preliminary Bay Region baseline
suweys was the identification of socioeconomic criteria for the
selection of drilling sites. They have been tested, modified,
and integrated into a general set of criteria, which also
consider hydrogeological and political factors. Although the
Somali and W.H.O. standard, of 15-20 liters per day per person,
remains as a criteria, the analysis of wzter use data suggests