r - part - usaid

deyfelop the capacity of the Planning xinit "Lo plan and conduct
monitoring and evaluation activities are presented in Section
2-3.7-
This section of the repart describes, in some detail, the
Xonitoring and Evaluation System that has been developed, and
the preliminary results of surveys conducted. It is written in
such a way as to be used as a manual by the Planning Unit when a
suitably qualified staff is recruited. The system, though
primarily concerned w ith the assessment of water systems in
communities with drilled wells, could readily be adapted to
other water supply facilities. Copies, and outline
descriptians, of the questionnaires, are contained fn the
Appendices in Volue XV of this report.
Prior to presenting the MES program and results, a review
of sucioeconomic conditions, primarily in the Bay Region, is
provided for background purposes. Bart of the discvtsaian
focuses on the organization of traditional water management
groups. The information is based on investigations supported by
the CGDP project (Roark 1982 and 1983; Schwarz 1983) and recent
studies conducted by Hunting Technical Services, Ltd, (1982,
19833 , Boston University (1983) , Putnam (1982, 1985) , the
University af Wyoming (1984), Watson and Niimo (1982) and the
Central Rangelands Development Project.
3.1. Socioeconamfc Conditions: Bay Region
The Bay Region is inhabited primarily by people who
i2entify themselves as Rahanuevn (a gathering together of many
things), They are one of the s ix major social groups (clan
families) in Somalia and are further subdivided into several
types of smaller units based on patrilineal descent (tracing of
ancestors through the male line). The majority of residents in
the region practice a mcde of production known as
agro-pastaralism which involves cultivation and livestock
herding. In m ast villages there are some families who have none
or very few animals and can thus be classified as farmers.
Pastoralists live in villages throughout the densely populated
farming areas but m ost reside and graze their animals in the
lower rainfall districts of 3uur Acaba and Dinsoor.
3.1.1, Climate and Ecology
The Bay Region has an arid to semi-arid climate. The mean
agnual temperature is 26.3O~. , w ith an annual variation of about
2 C. The mean annual rainfall varies from about 313 m to 589
m per year.. It is a drought prone region and crop failures
occur once every three to four years. Grain production will
suffer some reducfiox because of low rainfall one of every two
years (Hunting 1982).