r - part - usaid
r - part - usaid
r - part - usaid
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4.3-2.3. Actual and Assumed Water Prices<br />
Water for humza consumption is ge~erally sold at the well<br />
site in 20 and 40 liter containers, In some areas an immediate<br />
cash transaction occurs in which the correct price is<br />
maintained. Nofe often, however, it was found that at villages<br />
in the Bay Region, monthly consuxiptian for each household is<br />
estimated, and a flat fee is collected each month.<br />
The pricing structure for livestock watering is even more<br />
subject to error. Camels need to be watered ones every one to<br />
three weeks, cattle every other day, and sheep and goats every<br />
three or four days, Various estimates exist of the average<br />
daily water requireaents of these animals. If a camel requires<br />
20 liters per day, and visits the well only once every week, it<br />
will consume 100 liters during that visit. At So. Sh. 18 per<br />
cubic meter, this works out to So.Sh.2.50 per visit. Based on<br />
the l imited surveys conducted by the Planning Unit, the usual<br />
charge far camels averages only So.Sh.1.00 per visit. The<br />
calculated figure of 140 liters per visit, however, takes no<br />
account of the camel's capacity to drink *:hat quantity at one<br />
time, nar, more importantly, what access it has had to water, or<br />
water bearlng plants, during the preceding sevm days. At some<br />
village well sites with a fixed population of users, a regular<br />
monthly paynent fron each household is agreed c?on for livestock<br />
watering. The practice of water pricing at the well sites is<br />
discussed more fully in Section 3.0.<br />
Calcul3tion of well revenues based on the amount of water<br />
~rcduced is also subject to error. Pamps and diesel engines<br />
become less efficient over tine. seepage from pits at sites<br />
with no civil works is considerable, and sane evaporation takes<br />
place at all open storage tanks. At sites equipped with<br />
completed civil works, leaks often develop at valves or at<br />
troughs.<br />
Existing reliable data oa any of these important variables<br />
is very limited, and shows a wide range of conditions and<br />
practices throughout the t w ~ regions studied, The discussion<br />
from this point assumes a correct charge of So.Sh.18 per cubic<br />
meter paid for all water produced, and a wastage allowed of 10%.<br />
Czlculatioi~ of the volume sf water produced is based on the same<br />
variables as are used in calculating fuel consumption. There is<br />
currently no charge for water drawn from wells equipped with<br />
hand pumps.<br />
Tables 2.4.20 and 2.4.21 show the NPVts of 12-year costs<br />
and revenues cf wells in the say Region and Central Range<br />
respectively. tar the Bay Region, this shows a credit, or<br />
"profitw, of US$5,54O, which gces some way to offset the capital