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Ta51a 2.3.IG. frv+ ?tar Cost Pr~lrctlon ci KrCtonri YI!~ Construrt~on, Pp*ralzon and Brlnt.nrnce Proqrr*. (an thousrnbs of USS, urtag Sir Rsgion Pregrir *ri~aried ~octr) Mredrd Tctri Yrf is * b86 i85 808 I02B i 176 1315 Cu*ulatarc 3ncrrrse 99 ?I ,,2 542 r FO 459 --=--C*I-I---------**-----m-**----------------*-A-"-----*----%----- Adbatran cost ef Optrrtian rsd Birnt 29: a?7 I .iii 1 1.44s I,Fle
4.3-2.3. Actual and Assumed Water Prices Water for humza consumption is ge~erally sold at the well site in 20 and 40 liter containers, In some areas an immediate cash transaction occurs in which the correct price is maintained. Nofe often, however, it was found that at villages in the Bay Region, monthly consuxiptian for each household is estimated, and a flat fee is collected each month. The pricing structure for livestock watering is even more subject to error. Camels need to be watered ones every one to three weeks, cattle every other day, and sheep and goats every three or four days, Various estimates exist of the average daily water requireaents of these animals. If a camel requires 20 liters per day, and visits the well only once every week, it will consume 100 liters during that visit. At So. Sh. 18 per cubic meter, this works out to So.Sh.2.50 per visit. Based on the l imited surveys conducted by the Planning Unit, the usual charge far camels averages only So.Sh.1.00 per visit. The calculated figure of 140 liters per visit, however, takes no account of the camel's capacity to drink *:hat quantity at one time, nar, more importantly, what access it has had to water, or water bearlng plants, during the preceding sevm days. At some village well sites with a fixed population of users, a regular monthly paynent fron each household is agreed c?on for livestock watering. The practice of water pricing at the well sites is discussed more fully in Section 3.0. Calcul3tion of well revenues based on the amount of water ~rcduced is also subject to error. Pamps and diesel engines become less efficient over tine. seepage from pits at sites with no civil works is considerable, and sane evaporation takes place at all open storage tanks. At sites equipped with completed civil works, leaks often develop at valves or at troughs. Existing reliable data oa any of these important variables is very limited, and shows a wide range of conditions and practices throughout the t w ~ regions studied, The discussion from this point assumes a correct charge of So.Sh.18 per cubic meter paid for all water produced, and a wastage allowed of 10%. Czlculatioi~ of the volume sf water produced is based on the same variables as are used in calculating fuel consumption. There is currently no charge for water drawn from wells equipped with hand pumps. Tables 2.4.20 and 2.4.21 show the NPVts of 12-year costs and revenues cf wells in the say Region and Central Range respectively. tar the Bay Region, this shows a credit, or "profitw, of US$5,54O, which gces some way to offset the capital
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'/+F ,"r a .*:'& 9 SOMALI DEMOCRATI
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YULt%E XI GENZPAL ACTIVITIES TAX& O
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3 - 0 MONITORING AND ETi7ALUATK0X S
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5-0 PRIVATE SECTOR 5.1 Changes fn t
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Ea3eeP Dry Senson Fnzp Operations M
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LIST CF FIGURES say Hfzan, Galga&~d
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3,'VaDF BR CWPP CGDP CRDP c2 EPR FA
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This End of Pruiect 3eporS (EPR) sa
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and private sector developnent- The
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projects. Brandon, Carter, 1984, Ec
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Pne sf h e najor qoais bE t e 3 was
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At the coapletfoz o: tta firsi ?haz
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~ecessily taught in the field and 0
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Analytical Results F gure 2.2,2 ANA
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provided during this proSect I3 all
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One windmill was instalied with can
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The C>>cersity of Ky-ozi~~ x~derzco
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325 3uTy and A u q ~ s 19g5, ~ Zrzi
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cZ the crane, a ~ d iy- 3 e proper
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practical prcblews and vith troukie
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water pricing s2r~cture. In additio
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planner/co~puter expert for one mon
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in the original objectives, were on
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- -*- "..*-".#-*-----.i . - . - ".
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Figure 2.2.6 DiSTR18UT1ON OF CATTLE
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- : - - ? E # ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Z ; [ ~ B
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MERRE, BAY REGION.
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z7 - c"
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from the wells zompletad by the CGD
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Aquifer Test Aquifer Tesz Time t!og
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Be1 electrical supply systea was su
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programs with water deve3opment com
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curbination of long-tern counterpar
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the Planning Unit - planner, econom
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discharge capacity is dropping off,
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Developnent Agency- Prosate and fac
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Several activities were carried out
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(2) Socioeconomic background survey
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Community residents sade substantia
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(1) me participation of the RLX" in
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of safe-water supply systems. The p
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as-needed basis. In January of 1986
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of monitoring and evaluation proced
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The traditional calendar divides th
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AFTf R UNfVERSlTY OF WYOMING. 1984.
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and; Dinsoor (Diinsoor) . Districts
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The herding uf animals provides mos
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village reservoixs (war) 1s a cornu
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adapted to conditions in the Centra
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operations and to provide feedback
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changes are viewed by dlfferezt gro
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Figure 2.3.4- presents a nodel for
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Certtral Rangelasds saciuecono~ic d
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The Water Conmittae Baseline Survey
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vita: skaZistics and q~~estfans sn
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cstr Part-zbutra" 6-ru €47~: 2 m
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This infomation, conbined with othe
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uperatfons and aaintanance. Copies
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maintenance- Table 2.3,s av=3ri~as
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all hutian watering poi~"rts have s
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use within and between vi1;agr;s. T
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--------------u--------------------
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-------------"---------------------
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-----------*----**---------*-------
Page 130 and 131: elative tt ~ tker wells with simila
Page 132 and 133: But 2% is >at inclzde3 i their f in
Page 134 and 135: Another zigndffcnat change Bas been
Page 136 and 137: stretegy, WDA support for these act
Page 138 and 139: frif) C035,3~3it:. Participation Is
Page 140 and 141: further analysis has now been compl
Page 142 and 143: . ..I t "I." V C 7 3 " - '>U- -7 u
Page 144 and 145: exploratorf drfl3ing, and the objec
Page 147 and 148: kL% costs of bported ecpipnext a at
Page 149 and 150: Fiyre 2-4.7 WELL CONSTRRUGTiON Dl R
Page 151 and 152: methodalogy is given in a aanual of
Page 153 and 154: -4 Q, rl m 4 a Qt 0 &' a .G 0 a 4-J
Page 155 and 156: cost of running them, Without addit
Page 157 and 158: This kind of calculation is often r
Page 159 and 160: Appendices 4,4,1 azd 4.4.2 i", is p
Page 161 and 162: costs applicabre to a3 area sxzk as
Page 163 and 164: Labour 22 I E :e . = + A=." *:Fa Be
Page 165 and 166: of derivering thzt fuel. Xo equival
Page 167 and 168: ig and crew woulcl. be req.~ired. B
Page 169 and 170: wells, as axe the da~gers of 8*disb
Page 171: %.3.1,3. Fuel Casts Fuel casts in S
Page 174 and 175: assumed to be twelve years. With pr
Page 179: costs Prom Table 2.4.17, the amorti
Page 184 and 185: cost af well construction, For the
Page 186 and 187: - r e r 1 PNC mrrn * b-4 *- * - a n
Page 188 and 189: At the "Lime of writing, WDA is est
Page 190 and 191: 5.0 PRIVATE SECTOR In recognition o
Page 192 and 193: the interested reader is strongly e
Page 194 and 195: figure 2.6.1. REDUCTIONtST APPROACH
Page 196 and 197: Figure 2.6.2 SYSl 'EMS THEORY APPRO
Page 198 and 199: even with no major policy changes i
Page 200 and 201: Means to reduce grccureme2t tine sh
Page 202 and 203: SELECTED 2EFERENCES 1. Baston Unive
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