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In bath project areas, z total of 15 days of full time rig use is assumed fay- praduetf~n wells, and 2.9 days Ear exploratory walls, This ope:ation Includes sstti~g the surface casing, drilling an 8" hi~fe, seasing the Sola, sagzing the screeE aad casing, and dsuel+npixg the hol~, The times assumed are the same in each region de~;pi+a %he depth in the Central Range being, on average, 30n qreatsr. The coxistent hardness of the limestone enca~ntered in the Bay Region compensates for the wider variety of 1Fthulogies i~ncanfitizred in the Central Range. As is consistent throughaut the ~zodef, total travel time allowed is 2 days in the Bzy 3cgion z ~ d 4 days ia the Centr~L Bange. T3e tors: time taken ta dri31 the borehale, ;ass zbe travel time arid the actuzf Criliing tine reprssefits the l@downtimem. This is conputed in the figures shovn below. Pr~duc.tic2 Mcl is Exploratory Sells Bay Regt Central Range say Keg. Central Bange Tala1 days allowed: 35 57 less travel tinr.~ : 2 4 Days at site: 33 53 Days driX3ing 15 15 - CI -------------a"----- Downcine : AG 38 -----------------dm 55% 72% The reasons fcr this high figure of downtixce are discussed elsewhere in the report, Sut are zainly due to mechanical breakdowns, fuel sh~rtaq~zs, and logistical pr~blems, The greater Ggwntfza experienced in the Central Range operations is a rsf%eeticn 0% the increased distance to the site necessary to provide either fuel or repairs. A further difference in the c~st of operating in the two regions is in the amczct of casing lost in exploratory borehoies. In tke Bay Region, this averages 3Cm for each borceEloLe ! -y-r=rdix A ~ - ~ 4.4.1, ~ ~ "able ~ 3 3 IF the Central Range the average is 10Gm fhpendix 6.4.2, Table 3). In the hard limestone 05 the Bay 3egion, the success of a borehole can be brozdly determined before czsing Is installed. In the Central Range, however, it is more often necessary to seal off the upper par", of the hole fro3 saline wazer iz order to deternine whether potable water is fouzd at greater depths. The greater distances involved iri operating in the Central Range increases the nu~"&er of vehicles required as well as the
cost of running them, Without additional facilities, a drill rig has a storage capacity of 756 liters of fuel. At an assumed rate of consumptian of 300 liters per day while drill.ing (50 likers per hour fur 6 hours), this lasts snfy two and a half days. In the Bay Region, where distances are nut sa great and where road conditions are generally better, one fuel truck can service three rigs, In the Central Range, one fuel truck is req~ired for each rig. The same rationale appzies to the fact that while one water truck is required for each rig in the Bay Region, two are needed for each rig in the Central Range, One of these two is based at the site and used as a stationary starage facility, necessary because the distance to the nearest water supply may be as far as seventy-Eivs kilometers. The equivalent of cne heavy truck is required for each rig operating in the Bay Region. This represents one knuckle-crane truck and one flat-bed truck, each shared between two rigs, In the Central Range the knuckle-crane truck is required to be on site far the whole time. In most circumstances in the Central Ra1':ge n flat-bed truck, which is only used to deliver ampplies, could still be shared between two rigs, As demonstrated in the BranAon analysis, one obviaus conclusian fron the above data is that the rate of drilling is of paramount iaportance. The Groundwater Project has achieved an overall averzge of 36 working days at each rotary rig borehole [ap~zaximately 100 borehales in 4 years by 3 rigs). Not infrequently, however, the drilling crews have completed their task at the site and moved on within 10 days- The vzriance about this mean is obviously high. It is not at a11 unusual far WDB drilling crews noh u~>rking an the project to spend six months or even a f-ll year at one site. In some cases, this may be the rsault of the slow rate of drilling of the older cable t asP rigs; it can more often be attributed to mechanical breakdown or lack of supplies, <strong>part</strong>icularly fuel. In very simple terms, a rig costing $400,000, with an expected life of 10 years, drilling 8 boreholes each year, shouzd charge $5,000 far each borehole for capital recovery costs. The same rig drilling one borehoie every six months w ill need to charge $20,000 for each borehole. The answer to this difficult costing question lies not in desig~ing a costing system to deal with it, but in maintaining z high drilling rate, Economies on equipm~gt maintenance and supplies of fuel are, fn fact, false ecsnoaies. In a separate calculation, reproduced in Table 2.4.7, the cost of an idle drilling team operating a production drilling program in the Bay Region has been calculat-ed at $365 per day.
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'/+F ,"r a .*:'& 9 SOMALI DEMOCRATI
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YULt%E XI GENZPAL ACTIVITIES TAX& O
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3 - 0 MONITORING AND ETi7ALUATK0X S
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5-0 PRIVATE SECTOR 5.1 Changes fn t
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Ea3eeP Dry Senson Fnzp Operations M
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LIST CF FIGURES say Hfzan, Galga&~d
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3,'VaDF BR CWPP CGDP CRDP c2 EPR FA
Page 15 and 16:
This End of Pruiect 3eporS (EPR) sa
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and private sector developnent- The
Page 19 and 20:
projects. Brandon, Carter, 1984, Ec
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Pne sf h e najor qoais bE t e 3 was
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At the coapletfoz o: tta firsi ?haz
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~ecessily taught in the field and 0
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Analytical Results F gure 2.2,2 ANA
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provided during this proSect I3 all
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One windmill was instalied with can
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The C>>cersity of Ky-ozi~~ x~derzco
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325 3uTy and A u q ~ s 19g5, ~ Zrzi
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cZ the crane, a ~ d iy- 3 e proper
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practical prcblews and vith troukie
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water pricing s2r~cture. In additio
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planner/co~puter expert for one mon
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in the original objectives, were on
Page 48 and 49:
- -*- "..*-".#-*-----.i . - . - ".
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Figure 2.2.6 DiSTR18UT1ON OF CATTLE
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- : - - ? E # ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Z ; [ ~ B
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MERRE, BAY REGION.
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z7 - c"
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from the wells zompletad by the CGD
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Aquifer Test Aquifer Tesz Time t!og
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Be1 electrical supply systea was su
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programs with water deve3opment com
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curbination of long-tern counterpar
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the Planning Unit - planner, econom
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discharge capacity is dropping off,
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Developnent Agency- Prosate and fac
Page 74 and 75:
Several activities were carried out
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(2) Socioeconomic background survey
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Community residents sade substantia
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(1) me participation of the RLX" in
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of safe-water supply systems. The p
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as-needed basis. In January of 1986
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of monitoring and evaluation proced
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The traditional calendar divides th
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AFTf R UNfVERSlTY OF WYOMING. 1984.
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and; Dinsoor (Diinsoor) . Districts
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The herding uf animals provides mos
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village reservoixs (war) 1s a cornu
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adapted to conditions in the Centra
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operations and to provide feedback
Page 102 and 103:
changes are viewed by dlfferezt gro
Page 104 and 105: Figure 2.3.4- presents a nodel for
Page 106 and 107: Certtral Rangelasds saciuecono~ic d
Page 108 and 109: The Water Conmittae Baseline Survey
Page 110 and 111: vita: skaZistics and q~~estfans sn
Page 112 and 113: cstr Part-zbutra" 6-ru €47~: 2 m
Page 114 and 115: This infomation, conbined with othe
Page 116 and 117: uperatfons and aaintanance. Copies
Page 118 and 119: maintenance- Table 2.3,s av=3ri~as
Page 120 and 121: all hutian watering poi~"rts have s
Page 122 and 123: use within and between vi1;agr;s. T
Page 124 and 125: --------------u--------------------
Page 126 and 127: -------------"---------------------
Page 128 and 129: -----------*----**---------*-------
Page 130 and 131: elative tt ~ tker wells with simila
Page 132 and 133: But 2% is >at inclzde3 i their f in
Page 134 and 135: Another zigndffcnat change Bas been
Page 136 and 137: stretegy, WDA support for these act
Page 138 and 139: frif) C035,3~3it:. Participation Is
Page 140 and 141: further analysis has now been compl
Page 142 and 143: . ..I t "I." V C 7 3 " - '>U- -7 u
Page 144 and 145: exploratorf drfl3ing, and the objec
Page 147 and 148: kL% costs of bported ecpipnext a at
Page 149 and 150: Fiyre 2-4.7 WELL CONSTRRUGTiON Dl R
Page 151 and 152: methodalogy is given in a aanual of
Page 153: -4 Q, rl m 4 a Qt 0 &' a .G 0 a 4-J
Page 157 and 158: This kind of calculation is often r
Page 159 and 160: Appendices 4,4,1 azd 4.4.2 i", is p
Page 161 and 162: costs applicabre to a3 area sxzk as
Page 163 and 164: Labour 22 I E :e . = + A=." *:Fa Be
Page 165 and 166: of derivering thzt fuel. Xo equival
Page 167 and 168: ig and crew woulcl. be req.~ired. B
Page 169 and 170: wells, as axe the da~gers of 8*disb
Page 171: %.3.1,3. Fuel Casts Fuel casts in S
Page 174 and 175: assumed to be twelve years. With pr
Page 179 and 180: costs Prom Table 2.4.17, the amorti
Page 181 and 182: 4.3-2.3. Actual and Assumed Water P
Page 184 and 185: cost af well construction, For the
Page 186 and 187: - r e r 1 PNC mrrn * b-4 *- * - a n
Page 188 and 189: At the "Lime of writing, WDA is est
Page 190 and 191: 5.0 PRIVATE SECTOR In recognition o
Page 192 and 193: the interested reader is strongly e
Page 194 and 195: figure 2.6.1. REDUCTIONtST APPROACH
Page 196 and 197: Figure 2.6.2 SYSl 'EMS THEORY APPRO
Page 198 and 199: even with no major policy changes i
Page 200 and 201: Means to reduce grccureme2t tine sh
Page 202 and 203: SELECTED 2EFERENCES 1. Baston Unive
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