r - part - usaid

Figure 2.3.4- presents a nodel for the proposed 8ES
approach. This approac3 is the one racommen6ed For the NDA
Planning Unit. In cornunities for which baseline data is not
available, a cross sacrional survey in which baseline data is
collected retrospectively in project azd control -rillages is
suggestad.
The MS systen f:-.c:udes a package of forms and
guestionnairas for baselilre st~dies, nonitoring surveys, and
evaluatiens. Soae funs are adninistered in both project and
centtul communities, others aze only used in communities w ith
new water tacilities. Surveys conducted in both type. of
communities cover aocioecononic conditions and the utilization
of major water sources. They are: the Colnaunity bocioecanomic
Surveys, the Coarmunfty Water Point Sweys, and the Household
Surveys. Each Corm is slightly different according to i ts use
in baeezine research, sonitert3g. or evaluation. forms and
questionnaires adzinistered in target zones only deal with the
activities of the cornunity well comaittee, the construction and
operation of the water supply system, and the pump operator.
Sunreys af control villages during different stages of project
inpleaentation ace outlined ir, Table 2.3.3.
3.5. Data CoZlection Instrznents and Survey Forms
This section outlines the contents of survey forms and
describes the uses ei the infornation they provide.
Vethodologicsl issues and some of the problems involved in the
coliection of infomation ate also dfscussed. An outline of the
data collection ir.stnmer.Zs, and, a gull sef of Corms, is
included in the Appendix, VoLcae /V.
3 . 5 . Baseline Surveys
Baseline surveys are used to obtain socioeconomic and water
use int~~mation for villages in the tarpet area (in general,
%hose vithin a 5 to 6 kilo~eter radius of the well site) before
interventions occur. They provide. benc3munarks against which
changes are ireasured. kiile eoae baseline i~formation should be
collected baiolte drilling becjins, much of the data can be
complete& any tize before the sysrra starts to operate. If
necessary, Sasel ine ccrzditi~~s carr be established
retrospectively but %.*.is i.?fcrration viil be less reliable.
Infcrnaticrr. in regional sfubie?, project documents, and
agency reports, can also be csed tc generate baseline data for
project areas. This approach fs pceticulzt+i?, applicable to the
Bay Region and the Central 28n$elan5s, for which a great deal all
data was, and is Seizg, collected. The problem is that village
Level data fs not yet avaiLab?e for the Bay Region, and the