r - part - usaid

villages near the well? This inclades categories such as
population, physical infrastructure, agricultural
pro&iction, herding, commerce and public services,
45) =at axe the positive and negative effects of the changes
on social and enviromenlal condf t ions?
(3) What changes in strategy and complementary services are
needed to mitigate the negative iapacts and increase the
number and distribution of social asd economic benefits?
(6) 'What role should local instituficns play in the
carsskmctfar: and rnanageme~t of cornunity water systems and
how can WDA facilitate this part iczipztf on?
3*f MES Methodological Franework
The suggested approach to monitoring and evaluation
inc3ades the use of baseline studies and control communities
{groups of villages without a drilled well), while sane
baseline data may have to be collected retrospectivePy, there is
a substantial mount of infomatian from recent studies in the
Bay Regicn and the Central Rangelands which can be used to
develop fairly rccusate baseline prafiles. The recamended
strategy is relatively intersive but justifiable in view UP the
high cost of drilled ueils and the fact t5at 3ittle is known
&bout their effects on tka people and the environment of
Somalia. Ths suggested approach involves 3-4 visits a year,
lasting 2-4 days each to a stratified sample of- villages in weil
site target zones. Villages i~ control cozi~~~unities will also be
surveyed 3-4 tines a year, buc ozly for o?e or two days each.
Cozn,zunitbes with diesei pumps znd civil works require more field
work than those with hand pumps,
e era "comunityv, or YargeE zone", refers to all
villages within a five to six kflunsler radius of the well
andfor with a representative an the Camunity Water Camittee.
**Comunity" and "target zone" are used ta distinguish this area
from other pufitical-administrative boundaries which may extend
far beyond srx kiLometers. Four to six coxrmunitics will be
intensively surveyed is each region- Data collection 2111 occur
in the weLl site village and at least two other villages within
the six kilometer lirsic,. Other cornunities w ith WDA wells w ill
be less intensively surceyed, but should be visited at least
twice a pear for one to two days each.
The recornended HE5 activities would require between 90 and
150 days of field work in a region with 20 wells. T3ey could,
however, be integrated into the cornunity par?..icipation program
and thus visits tb support well cu~aittzes could also be used to
administer aonitaring fams-