Lincoln, the unknown

160 • LINCOLN THE UNKNOWNthat in getting rid of it, both sections should bear the burdenequally. So he finally worked out a plan that was very nearto his heart. According to this, the slave-owners in the loyalborder States were to receive four hundred dollars for eachof their negroes. The slaves were to be emancipated gradually,very gradually. The process was not to be entirely completeduntil January 1, 1900. Calling the representatives of the borderStates to the White House, he pleaded with them to accept hisproposal."The change it contemplates," Lincoln argued, "would comegently as the dews of heaven, not rending or wrecking anything.Will you not embrace it? So much good has not been done,by one effort, in all past time, as, in the providence of God, itisnow your high privilege to do. May the vast future not haveto lament you have neglected it."But they did neglect it, and rejected the whole scheme. Lincolnwas immeasurably disappointed."I must save this Government, if possible," he said; "and itmay as well be understood, once for all, that I shall not surrenderthis game, leaving any available card unplayed. ... I believethat freeing the slaves and arming the blacks has now becomean indispensable military necessity. I have been driven to thealternative of either doing that or surrendering the Union."He had to act at once, for both France and England wereon the verge of recognizing the Confederacy. Why? The reasonswere very simple.Take France's case first. Napoleon III had married MarieEugenie de Montijo, Comtesse de Teba, reputed to be the mostbeautiful woman in the world, and he wanted to show off a bit.He longed to cover himself with glory, as his renowned uncle,Napoleon Bonaparte, had done. So when he saw the Statesslashing and shooting at one another, and knew they were muchtoo occupied to bother about enforcing the Monroe Doctrine,he ordered an army to Mexico, shot a few thousand natives,conquered the country, called Mexico a French empire, and putthe Archduke Maximilian on the throne.Napoleon believed, and not without reason, that if the Confederateswon they would favor his new empire; but that if theFederals won, the United States would immediately take stepsto put the French out of Mexico. It was Napoleon's wish, therefore,that the South would make good its secession, and hewanted to help it as much as he conveniently could.